:help keyword - opens help for the keyword we are searching

:wq - to exit from gvim after saving the file which you are in already

:w - saves the file which you are in but does not exit

:q! - exits the file without saving

:saveas file - save file as

:set nu - insets number to all the lines in file

:set nonu - deletes the numbers from all the lines

h - moves the cursor to left of the screen

j - moves the cursor down in a line

k - moves the cursor up in a line

l - move the cursor right in a line

H - Moves the cursor to the top of the screen

M - Moves the cursor to the middle of the screen

L - Move the cursor to the bottom of the screen

w - jumps forward to starting point of the next word

e - jumps forward to the end point of a word

b - jumps backwards to the start of the same word

^ - Jumps to the first non blank character of the line

$ - jumps to the end of the same line

gg - Goes to the first line of the document

G - Goes to the last line of the document

pwd - displays your current directory name

mkdir dir name - Creates a new directory with the dir name

rmdir dir name - Removes a directory with the dir name mentioned if the directory is empty

rm -rf dir name - Removes a directory with the dir name irrespective whether there are files
in the directory or not and also with the same command we can also remove files in a directory with
their respective names

ls - displays the contents in the directory which you are in

ls –l - displays the contents in the directory including time of the creation and last
visited
ls –lt - Displays the contents in the directory in the time wise (latest – earliest)

ls -ltr - Displays the contents in the directory in reverse order (earliest – latest)

cd dir name - cd is the command used to enter a directory

cp file1.txt file2.txt - copies the contents in the file1 to file2

cp -r dir1 dir2 - Copies the contents in the dir1 to dir2

mv -r - moves the files on one dir to another and removes the old dir

cat - displays the file content

history - Displays all the commands in the history

!! - repeats last command

! -2 - repeat 2 nd last command

:%s/old/new/g - replace old letter with new letter through out the file

:%s/old/new/gc - replaces old letter with new letter through out the file with conformations

:noh - remove highlighting of a word

/word - searches the word in the file

:w newfilename - when you are in a file and if you want to create a new file with different
name with the same contents you can use this command

wc -l file name - gives you the number of lines in a file with opening the file

du -sk (filename) - gives the size of a file in unix

du -sk - gives the size of complete directory

dd - After placing a cursor on a line which needs to be deleted and press

dw - After placing the cursor on a word which needs to be deleted and

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 grep

grep “word search” filename - Searches and displays for the word in the given file name

grep -w “word search” filename - Searches and displays for only that word in the given file name

grep -wi “ word search” filename - Searches and displays for the word if it has any lower
case or upper case words in the file name

grep -win “word search” filename - displays the numbers of the lines in which the word is
there

grep -win -B (number of lines) “word search” filename - Displays the number of lines required
before the searched word line

grep -win -A (number of lines) “word search” filename - Displays the number of lines required
after the searched word line

grep -win -C (number of lines) “ word search” filename - Displays the number of lines required
after and before the searched word line

grep -win “word search” ./* - if you want to search in the complete
directory and displays the result and does not searches in sub directory

grep -winr “word search” . - searches and displays the result even in
the sub directory as well

grep -wirl “word search” - searches and displays the files name in
which the word is matching

grep -wirc “word search” - Displays the number of times the word is
matching in each file

Regular Expression :

. - Any Character except new line

\d - Digit (0-9)

\D - Not a Digit (0-9)

\w - word character (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _)

\W - Not a word character

\s - white space (space, tab, newline)

\S - Not a white space (space, tab, newline)

\b - Word Boundary
\B - Not a word boundary

^ - Beginning of a string

$ - End of a string

[] - Matches the characters in brackets

[^ ] - Matches the characters Not in bracket

| - Either or

() - Group

Quantifiers:

*- - 0 or more
+ - 1 or more
? - 0 or one
{3} - Exact number
{3,4} - Range of Numbers (Minimum, Maximum)

File Handling:

Open “filename” “mode to open it” - opens a new file

Here, filename is string literal, which you will use to name your file
and accessMode can have one of the following values −

Sr.No Mode & Description

1 r
Opens an existing text file for reading purpose and the file must exist. This is the
default mode used when no access Mode is specified.

2 w
Opens a text file for writing, if it does not exist, then a new file is created else
existing file is truncated.

3 a
 Opens a text file for writing in appending mode and file must exist. Here, your
program will start appending content in the existing file content.

4 r+
Opens a text file for reading and writing both. File must exist already.

5 w+
Opens a text file for reading and writing both. It first truncate the file to zero
length if it exists otherwise create the file if it does not exist.

6 a+
Opens a text file for reading and writing both. It creates the file if it does not
exist. The reading will start from the beginning, but writing can only be
appended.