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Atomic Short Notes

1. The structure of an atom has been modeled using Rutherford's model, Bohr's model, and the wave mechanical model. 2. Atoms consist of electrons, protons, and neutrons, with electrons located outside the nucleus. Some uncommon fundamental particles also exist. 3. Rydberg's equation relates the wavelength of light emitted by excited atoms to the energies of the initial and final states of the electron.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
45 views

Atomic Short Notes

1. The structure of an atom has been modeled using Rutherford's model, Bohr's model, and the wave mechanical model. 2. Atoms consist of electrons, protons, and neutrons, with electrons located outside the nucleus. Some uncommon fundamental particles also exist. 3. Rydberg's equation relates the wavelength of light emitted by excited atoms to the energies of the initial and final states of the electron.

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Uii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KEY CONCEPT

STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Rutherford's Model
Bohr's Model
Wave mechanical model
EXTRA NUCLEAR PART (e)
Electrons,protons & neutrons are the most important fundamental particles of atoms of all elements
(Except hydrogen)
Some uncommon Fundamental particles :
1. Z
XA , A = Z + n

1 1 1 mM
2. Reduced mass   = m = mass of e– ; M = Mass of nucleus
 M m mM
h
3. Photon is considered massless bundle of energy. But to find its mass use m =
c
4. E = mc2 , E = h = hc/  = hc 
no. of molecules reacting
5. Quantum efficiency or Quantum Yield =
no. of quanta absorbed
6. Rn = R1 (A)1/3 , R1 = 1.33 ×10–13 cm A = mass number
1 Z . 2e  1
7. m  v 2  K e ; Tan 
2 r 2 b
1
number of a particles at  = K 4 ; b = impact parameter
sin  / 2

1 1 1  2
R H 
2 2
8. Rydberg’s Equation   Z
 n1 n 2 
9. Limiting spectral line (series limit) means n2 = 
10. H line means we know n1 , n2 (longest  , shortest  , least E) [ H , H , H , H ]
n (n  1)
11. No. of wavelengths observed in the spectrum =
2
when e– deexcites to ground state , n = no. of higher orbit
12. 1/2 mv2 = h – h0(w) (work function or B.E.)
hc
 0 = Threshhold frequency W = h 0 = 
0
1 2
13. Accelerating potential = eV = KE = mv
2
14.  = hc/E = 1240 ev. nm
1 K q1 q 2
15. K ; P.E. = centrifugal force = mv2/r
4  r
0
h
16. mvr = n· = n .
2
E1 2 2 4
z 2 2 me 4 2  2 me
17. En = 2 = – 2 2 z ; E1 = 2
n n h h

Atomic Structure
2 2 2
n h z 2 e
18. rn = x 19. v= 
Z 4 2e 2 m n h
20. revolutions per sec = v/2r 21. Time for one revolution = 2r/v
22. Separation energy = E n    E n given  2, 3, 4 ,.................

23. No. of waves = n = no. of shells 24. I.E. = En= – Eground state of e- (K, L, M, N)
150
25.  = h/mv = h/p 26. = Å
Vin volts
27. En  KE KE = 1/2 mv2 , E = h 28. x.p > h/4
29. Nucleons 30. Isotopes, Isobars, Isotones (A – Z)
31. Isoelectronic 32. Isosters
33. Isodiaphers (A – 2Z) 34. paramagnetic
h
35. Diamagnetic 36. S= S(S  1)
2
37.  = n ( n  2) B.M. n = number of unpaired e– ;
38. Radial Nodes ; Angular nodes ; Total nodes
(n – l – 1) l (n–1)
39. Total no. of e in an energy level

= 2n2
Total no. of e– in a sublevel = 2(2l+1)
Maximum no. of e– in an orbital =2
Total no. of orbitals in a sublevel = (2l+1)
No. of subshells in main energyshell = n
No. of orbitals in a main energy shell = n2
l= 0 1 2 3 4
s p d f g

40. ELEECTROMEGNETIC SPECTRUM


 increases

in meters.
Distinction between the wave – particle nature of a photon and the particle–wave nature of sub-
atomic particle.
PHOTON SUB ATOMIC PARTICLE
1
1. Energy = h Energy = m2
2
c h
2. Wavelength = Wavelength =
 m
Note: We should never interchange any of the above and to write electronic conf. of Cation
first write for neutral atom & then remove e– from outermost shell.

Atomic Structure

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