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    665816f7947f47001832821e - ## - 02 - Atomic Structure - Theory

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    Atomic structure short notes

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    665816f7947f47001832821e - ## - 02 - Atomic Structure - Theory

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    tanuskapadhy
    6 views2 pages
    Atomic structure short notes

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    665816f7947f47001832821e_##_02_Atomic Structure_Theory

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    Atomic structure short notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views2 pages

    665816f7947f47001832821e - ## - 02 - Atomic Structure - Theory

    Uploaded by

    tanuskapadhy
    Atomic structure short notes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    CHAPTER

    2 Atomic Structure

    Mass Number and Atomic Number


    Mass number of an element = No. of protons (Z) + No. of neutrons (n) at nucleus.
    Atomic Number (Z) = No. of protons at nucleus

    Wave and its Characteristics (For emission/ absorption of energy)


    1
    ν = ( ν = Wave Number)
    λ
    E = hν (ν = Frequency of light)
    hc
    E= (c = speed of light)
    λ
    Photoelectric Effect
    1
    hν = hν0 + m ν2, (where, ν0 = Threshold frequency, V = Velocity of photoelectron, ν = Incident Frequency)
    2 e

    Bohr's Model of Atom

    mv 2 Ke 2 Z nh
     =  mvr =
    r r2 2π

    n 2h 2 n2
     r=  rn = 0.529 × Å
    4π2 mKZe 2 Z

    2πZe 2 K For single


     v= Z
    nh  vn = 2.18 × 106 × m/sec e– species
    n

    2π2 me 4 k 2  z 2  Z2 Z2
     T.E. = En = –  2   En = – 13.6 2 eV / atom = – 2.18 × 10–18 J/atom
    h2 n  n n2

    V1
     En = E1/n2  Vn =
    n

    2πr v
     T=  f=
    v 2πr
    1
     T.E. = P.E.  T.E. = – K.E.
    2
    Emission Spectrum of Hydrogen & H-like species. Heisenberg's Uncertainty
    hC h h
    ∆E = hν = ; h = Planck's Constant(h = 6.62 × 10–34 Js)  ∆x . ∆p ≥
    or ∆x . (m∆v) ≥
    λ 4π 4π
    1  1 1  h
    = ν = RZ2  2 − 2   ∆E.∆t ≥ ; Dx = change in position
     4π Dp = change in Momentum
    λ  n1 n 2 
    R = Rydberg constant = 1.09678 × 107 m–1 P = y2dv, P = probability of finding electron
    n = Lower energy level
    1 where, y = wave function
    n2 = Higher energy level
     Radial nodes = n –  – 1,
    ∆n (∆n + 1)
     Number of different line produced = , where  Angular nodes = ,
    2  Total nodes = n – 1
    ∆n = n2 – n1.
    Quantum Numbers
    n2 = higher energy orbit, n1 = lower energy orbit. ™ Number of subshells present in nth shell = n.
     For single isolated atom, maximum number of spectral lines ™ Number of orbitals present in nth shell = n2.
    observed = (n – 1). ™ The maximum number of electrons in nth shell = 2n2.
    nh
    de-Broglie's Hypothesis ™ Angular momentum of any orbit = .
    2π
    l = de-Broglie wavelength
    ™ Number of orbitals in a subshell = 2 + 1
    m = mass of particle ™ Maximum number of electrons in particular subshell
    e = charge on particle = 2 × (2 + 1).
    V = Accelerated Potential ™ Orbital angular momentum,
    h  h 
    h h =
    L  ( +=
    1)   ( +1)=   2π  .
     =
    λ = , p = momentum 2π
    mv p
    =
    ™ µ n (n + 2) B.M. , n = No. of unpaired electrons.
    h
     λ= h
    2qmV =
    ™ Spin angular momentum s(s + 1) .
    2π
    12.3 1
     λ= Å (for an e– accelerated from rest)
    V ™ Maximum spin of atom = × No. of unpaired electrons.
    2

    4 JEE (XI) Module-1 PW

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