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    Atomic Structure - Short Notes - Arjuna NEET 2025

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    Atomic Structure - Short Notes - Arjuna NEET 2025

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    arjsharxdstudypurpose2002
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    Atomic Structure _ Short Notes __ Arjuna NEET 2025

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    10 views2 pages

    Atomic Structure - Short Notes - Arjuna NEET 2025

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    CHAPTER

    2 Atomic Structure

    Mass Number and Atomic Number


    Mass number of an element = No. of protons (Z) + No. of neutrons (n).
    Atomic Number (Z) = No. of Protons

    Wave and its Characteristics (For emission/ Absorption of energy)


    1
    ν= ν = Wave Number
    λ
    E = hν (ν - Frequency of light)
    hc
    E= (c - speed of light)
    λ
    Photoelectric Effect
    1
    hν = hν0 + m ν2, where, ν0 = Threshold frequency, V = Velocity of photoelectron
    2 e
    ν = Incident Frequency

    Bohr's Model of Atom

    mv 2 Ke 2 Z nh
     =  mvr =
    r r2 2π
    n 2h 2 n2
     r=  rn = 0.529 × Å
    4π2 mKZe 2 Z

     2πZe 2 K Z
    V=  Vn = 2.18 × 106 × m/sec
    nh n
    2πr v
     T=  f=
    v 2πr
    2π2 me 4 k 2  z 2 
     T.E. = En = –  2  For H-atom
    h2 n 
    Z2
     En = – 13.6 eV / atom rn = 0.529 × n2
    n2
    1 V1
     T.E. = P.E. Vn =
    2 n
    Z2
     En = – 2.18 × 10–18 J/atom En = E1/n2
    n2
    n = orbit no.
     T.E. = – K.E.
    Emission Spectrum of Hydrogen & H-like species. Heisenberg's Uncertainty
    hC h h
    ∆E = hν = ; h = Planck's Constant(h = 6.62 × 10–34 JS)  ∆x . ∆p ≥ or ∆x . (m∆v) ≥
    λ 4π 4π
    C = Velocity of Light h
     ∆E.∆t ≥ ; Dx = change in position
    l = Wavelength 4π
    1  1 1  Dp = change in Momentum
     = ν = RZ2  2 − 2  P = y2dv, P = probability of finding electron
    λ  n1 n 2 
    where, y = wave function
    R = Rydberg constant = 1.09678 × 107 m–1
    n = Lower energy level
    1  Radial nodes = n –  – 1,
    n2 = Higher energy level
     Angular nodes = ,
    ∆n (∆n + 1)
     Number of different line produce = , where ∆n  Total nodes = n – 1
    2
    = n2 – n1. Quantum Numbers
    ™ Number of subshell present in nth shell = n.
    n2 = higher energy orbit, n1 = lower energy orbit. ™ Number of orbitals present in nth shell = n2.
     For single isolated atom maximum number of spectral lines ™ The maximum number of electrons in a principal energy
    observed = (n – 1). shell = 2n2.
    nh
    de-Broglie's Hypothesis ™ Angular momentum of any orbit = .
    2π
    l = de-Broglie wavelength ™ Number of orbitals in a subshell = 2 + 1
    h = Planck's Constant ™ Maximum number of electrons in particular subshell = 2 ×
    m = mass of particle (2 + 1).
    e = charge on particle h  h 
    L
    ™=  ( +=
    1)   ( +1)=
      2π  .
    V = Accelerated Potential 2π
    h h ™ Orbitals present in a main energy level is ‘n2’.
     =
    λ = , p = momentum
    mv p
    ™ µ
    = n (n + 2) B.M. , n = No. of unpaired electron.
    h
     λ= h
    2emV ™ =
    Spin angular momentum s(s + 1) .
    2π
    12.3
     λ= Å 1
    V ™ Maximum spin of atom = × No. of unpaired electron.
    2

    P
    W Atomic Structure 5

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