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    DerivationRydbergConstant PDF

    Uploaded by

    Bakhita Maryam
    The document describes the derivation of the Rydberg constant from the Bohr model of the atom. It shows how Bohr postulated that electron orbits are quantized and have specific angular momenta and energy levels. This allows expressing the hydrogen emission spectrum in terms of the Rydberg constant. The derivation combines concepts of angular momentum, energy, and photon emission to relate the Rydberg constant to atomic properties.

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    DerivationRydbergConstant PDF

    Uploaded by

    Bakhita Maryam
    49 views24 pages
    The document describes the derivation of the Rydberg constant from the Bohr model of the atom. It shows how Bohr postulated that electron orbits are quantized and have specific angular momenta and energy levels. This allows expressing the hydrogen emission spectrum in terms of the Rydberg constant. The derivation combines concepts of angular momentum, energy, and photon emission to relate the Rydberg constant to atomic properties.

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    DerivationRydbergConstant.pdf

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    The document describes the derivation of the Rydberg constant from the Bohr model of the atom. It shows how Bohr postulated that electron orbits are quantized and have specific angular momenta and energy levels. This allows expressing the hydrogen emission spectrum in terms of the Rydberg constant. The derivation combines concepts of angular momentum, energy, and photon emission to relate the Rydberg constant to atomic properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views24 pages

    DerivationRydbergConstant PDF

    Uploaded by

    Bakhita Maryam
    The document describes the derivation of the Rydberg constant from the Bohr model of the atom. It shows how Bohr postulated that electron orbits are quantized and have specific angular momenta and energy levels. This allows expressing the hydrogen emission spectrum in terms of the Rydberg constant. The derivation combines concepts of angular momentum, energy, and photon emission to relate the Rydberg constant to atomic properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    Derivation of the

    Rydberg Constant
    An introduction to the Bohr Model
    of the Atom
    Empirical formula discovered
    by Balmer to describe the
    hydrogen spectra

    1  1 1
    = R 2 − 2 
    λ 2 n 
    Lyman, Paschen, Brackett
    Pfund Series

    1 1 1
    = R 2 − 2 
    λ 1 n 
    1  1 1
    = R 2 − 2 
    λ 2 n 
    1  1 1
    = R 2 − 2 
    λ 3 n 
    1  1 1
    = R 2 − 2 
    λ 4 n 
    1  1 1
    = R 2 − 2 
    λ 5 n 
    Energy of a photon

    hc
    Ei − E f = hf =
    λ
    Bohr Model

    hc
    Ei − E f = hf =
    λ
    E = KE + EPE
    Energy of an atom

    hc
    Ei − E f = hf =
    λ
    E = KE + EPE
    1 2 kZe2
    E = mv −
    2 r
    Newtonian mechanics

    Fc = Fe
    Fnet equals Coulombic
    attraction

    Fc = Fe
    2 2
    mv kZe
    = 2
    r r
    Convenient expression

    Fc = Fe
    mv 2 kZe2
    = 2
    r r
    2
    2 kZe
    mv =
    r
    Energy of an atom

    2
    1 2 kZe
    E = mv −
    2 r
    After simplification

    2
    1 2 kZe
    E = mv −
    2 r
    2 2 2
    1 kZe
      kZe kZe
    E=   − =−
    2 r  r 2r
    Recall rotational mechanics

    L = Iω
    2
    I = mr
    v
    ω=
    r
    L = mvr
    Bohr Postulate
    Electrons in a stable orbit do not radiate.
    That is, atoms are stable and do not
    collapse.

    Electrons in transition from a higher to


    a lower energy state radiate a photon of
    energy hf.
    Bohr Postulate

     h 
    Ln = mvrn = n   ;n = 1,2,3...
     2π 
    Angular Momentum

     h 
    Ln = mvrn = n   ;n = 1,2,3...
     2π 
    n  h 
    v=
    mrn  2π 
    Combining expressions

    n  h 
    v=  
    mrn  2π 
    2
    2 kZe
    mv =
    r
    General formula for the radius

    2 2
     h  n
    rn =  2 2
    ;n = 1,2,3...
     4π mke  Z
    Bohr radius

    (
    r1 = 5.29 ⋅10 −11
    )m
    Energy levels of the atom

    2 2 2 4 2
    −kZe  2π mk e Z 
    En = ⇒ − 2  2
    2r  h n
    Bohr Energy Levels

     2π 2 mk 2 e4  Z 2
    En = −  2  2
     h n
    2
    Z
    (
    = −2.18 ⋅10 −18
    )
    J 2
    n
    Z2
    (
    En = −13.6eV 2
    n
    )
    Energy of a photon

    hc
    = ΔE = Ei − E f
    λ
    hc
    = ΔE = Ei − E f
    λ
    1  2π mk e  2  1
    2 2 4
    1
    =
    λ  3
    hc   ( )
    Z  2 − 2
     n f ni 
    Rydberg Constant!

    1  1 1 
    λ
    ( )
    2
    = R Z  2 − 2
     n f ni 
    7
    R = 1.097 × 10 m −1
    Limitations of the Bohr Model
    Works well for hydrogen, and for other
    single electron atoms, but not as well
    for helium and even less well for other
    atoms
    Based upon postulates that angular
    momentum is quantized

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