Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel
Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel
Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel
GRAIN - ORIENTED
ELECTRICAL STEEL
Electrical steels have excellent electro-magnetic properties. There are two types of electrical steel: grain-oriented and non grain-oriented
electrical steel. Today, as the needs to reduce energy loss are increasing sharply, demands for high quality electrical steel are also growing.
POSCO produces 1 million tons of high quality electrical steel each year.
GRAIN-ORIENTED
ELECTRICAL STEEL
Grain-oriented
3
Contents
Korea’s first integrated steel mill, was finally completed after 4 stages of construction at
Grain-oriented
Young-il Bay in February 1981.
POSCO is capable of producing and processing a variety of carbon steels and stainless
steels. The company’s global competitiveness was further enhanced when we opened
4 the world’s first FINEX commercialization facility in May 2007. 5
Main products hot-rolled steel, plate, cold-rolled steel, wire rod, electrical steel,
stainless steel, API steel, etc.
Crude steel production 16,185 million tons (as of 2013)
Cutting-edge facilities and state-of-art technologies enable us to meet customer’s request for high quality products. Every
process is controlled automatically to keep the best quality of products.
Annealing
Annealing is a recrystallizing process of hardened cold rolled structures by heat treatment. There are two annealing
processes for grain-oriented electrical steel : decarbonization and high temperature annealing. During decarbonization
annealing, excess carbon in the steel is removed and MgO coating is applied on the surface of the steel. High
Grain-oriented electrical steel temperature annealing produces secondary recrystallized structures having superior magnetic properties. Non
grain-oriented electrical steel is recrystallized and insulation coating is applied during annealing process.
POSCO Electrical Steel
Insulation Coating
In this process, insulation coating is applied continuously to minimize eddy current losses, which
Grain-oriented
are proportional to the sheet thickness. Grain-oriented electrical steel has two layers of coating;
one is base coating with dark brown color which consists of Forsterite(Mg2SiO4), and the other is
transparent insulation coating containing phosphates. For non grain-oriented electrical steel, there
6 are various types of coating according to final usage and customer’s requests. 7
Hot rolling
Pickling and Annealing
Cold Rolling
In order to obtain specific thickness and material properties, cold rolling process should
be conducted. For uniform thickness and width of strip, this process is controlled
automatically.
Specification & Main Application POSCO Insulation Coating
Grain-oriented
Annealing Good N 2 or DX rich gas
Heat resistance Continuous Not recogniozed 155℃×24hr in Air
(flaking after SRA) Short Not recogniozed 750℃×2hr in DX rich gas
8 Adhesion Pipe bending ≤ 30 mmø ISO 1519 9
(Before SRA) Cross cut 5B(Top level) ASTM D 3359B
Anti-Corrosion Good 35℃, 5% NaCl, 8hrs
Weathering Good 65℃, 95% humidity, 72hrs
Current:100-150A / Ar 99% flow:10~20L/min
Weldability(TIG) Excellent
Speed:0.25~0.50mpm
Punchability Excellent -
Lamination Factor(%) Good JIS C 2550
Note) Above values are not guaranteed. Please designate surface insulation according to usage. Regarding coating properties, please contact us.
Transformer Core Motor core
Stress relief annealing is a process to obtain desired magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets by relieving stress
generated in the process of shearing and punching. It is conducted at a proper temperature for a certain period of time.
PG-Core
PG-core has excellent magnetic properties in the rolling direction. It is widely used for large or mid/small-size transformers.
Width, mm (in.) Inner dimeter, Width, Thickness, Thickness Tolerance, Thickness deviation Width Tolerance, Camber (Length:2m),
Product Grade Thickness, mm (in.)
Available Standard mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.) in Width, mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.)
0.27 (0.0106)
27PG 130 0.27 (0.0106) 900 (35.43) 0.03 (0.0012) 1.0 (0.0394)
0.30 (0.0118) ±0.03 (0.0012) +0.6 (0.0236)
and over and under and under
30PG 120 900~1200 1000 (39.37) 0.35 (0.0138)
PG-Core 0.30 (0.0118) 508 (20)
30PG 130 (35.43~47.24) 1200 (47.24) Note) Thickness deviation in width means the gap between the thickness of center and the one section 15mm away from the edge part.
35PG 145
0.35 (0.0138)
35PG 155
Grain-oriented
■Specification ■Typical Electrical and Magnetic Properties
Magnetic properties and lamination factor
Magnetic
Resistivity, Core Loss, W/kg (W/lb)
Flux Density, T
Density, Core Loss, Max, W/kg (W/lb) Magnetic Flux Density, Min, T Lamination Factor, Grade
Grade Ω·m ×10-8
10 kg/dm3 1.7T/50Hz 1.7T/60Hz B8 Min, % 1.5T/50Hz 1.7T/50Hz 1.5T/60Hz 1.7T/60Hz B8 11
27PG 130 1.30 (0.59) 1.67 (0.76) 95.0 27PG 130 0.82 (0.37) 1.22 (0.55) 1.07 (0.49) 1.55 (0.70) 1.84
30PG 120 1.20 (0.54) 1.63 (0.74) 30PG 120 0.83 (0.38) 1.17 (0.53) 1.09 (0.49) 1.53 (0.69) 1.85
7.65 1.80 95.5 48
30PG 130 1.30 (0.59) 1.73 (0.78) 30PG 130 0.87 (0.39) 1.25 (0.57) 1.12 (0.51) 1.61 (0.73) 1.84
35PG 145 1.45 (0.66) 2.03 (0.92) 35PG 145 0.98 (0.44) 1.37 (0.62) 1.29 (0.59) 1.80 (0.82) 1.84
96.0
35PG 155 1.55 (0.70) 2.07 (0.94) 35PG 155 1.01 (0.46) 1.45 (0.66) 1.33 (0.60 ) 1.89 (0.86) 1.83
Note) A bove test is conducted in accordance with IEC60404-2 (or JIS C 2550-1). B8 indicates the magnetic flux density at 800A/m. Core loss and magnetic flux density Note) A bove values are not guaranteed. Tests are conducted in accordance with IEC 60404-2 (or JIS C 2550-1) method. Specimen is parallel to the rolling direction and
are measured after stress relief annealing and speciemen is parallel to the rolling direction. (Annealing condition: 840°C, 1hr, non-oxidation atmosphere) annealed for magnetic properties.
Uncoated specimens are used for lamination factor test.
Thickness, Tensile Strength, N/mm2 Yield Point, N/mm2 Elongation, % Hardness Lamination
mm (in.) L C L C L C HV1 Factor, %
Note) 1. Above values are not guaranteed. Tests are conducted in accordance with JIS Z 2241 and 2244.
2. L: Specimen is parallel to the rolling direction. / C: Specimen is transverse to the rolling direction.
3. Specimens with 0A coating are used for lamination factor test.
PH-Core Grain-oriented electrical steel PH-Core Grain-oriented electrical steel
PH-Core
Through highly advanced texture control technologies, PH-core has superior magentic properties. This is widely used for energy
efficient transformer.
Width, mm (in.) Inner diameter, Width, Thickness, Thickness Tolerance, Thickness deviation Width Tolerance, Camber(Length: 2m),
Product Grade Thickness, mm (in.)
Available Standard mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.) in Width, mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.)
23PH 085 0.23 (0.0091) ±0.02 (0.0008) 0.02 (0.0008) & under
0.23 900 (35.43) 0.27 (0.0106) +0.6 (0.0236) 1.0 (0.0394) & under
23PH 090
(0.0091) and over ±0.03 (0.0012) 0.03 (0.0012) & under
23PH 095 0.30 (0.0118)
900~1200 1000 (39.37)
PH-Core 27PH 095 0.27 508 (20) Note) Thickness deviation in width means the gap between the thickness of center and the one section 15mm away from the edge part.
(35.43~47.24) 1200 (47.24)
27PH 100 (0.0106)
Grain-oriented
Note) For non-standard sizes, please contact us.
Magnetic
Resistivity, Core Loss, W/kg (W/lb)
Grade Flux Density, T
Ω·m
×10-8 1.5T/50Hz 1.7T/50Hz 1.5T/60Hz 1.7T/60Hz B8
12 13
23PH 085 0.62 (0.28) 0.83 (0.38) 0.81 (0.37) 1.09 (0.49) 1.91
■Specification
23PH 090 0.64 (0.29) 0.88 (0.40) 0.84 (0.38) 1.14 (0.52) 1.91
Magnetic properties and lamination factor
23PH 095 0.65 (0.29) 0.90 (0.41) 0.86 (0.39) 1.17 (0.53) 1.91
Density, Core Loss, Max, W/kg (W/lb) Magnetic Flux Density, Min, T Lamination Factor,
Grade Min, % 27PH 095 48 0.70 (0.32) 0.93 (0.42) 0.92 (0.42) 1.22 (0.55) 1.91
kg/dm3 1.7T/50Hz 1.7T/60Hz B8
23PH 085 0.85 (0.39) 1.17 (0.53) 27PH 100 0.71 (0.32) 0.96 (0.44) 0.93 (0.42) 1.26 (0.57) 1.90
23PH 090 0.90 (0.41) 1.26 (0.57) 30PH 100 0.74 (0.34) 0.99 (0.45) 0.98 (0.44) 1.29 (0.59) 1.91
94.5
23PH 095 0.95 (0.43) 1.28 (0.58) 30PH 105 0.76 (0.34) 1.01 (0.46) 1.00 (0.45) 1.33 (0.60) 1.90
27PH 095 7.65 0.95 (0.43) 1.30 (0.59) 1.88 Note) A bove values are not guaranteed. Tests are conducted in accordance with IEC 60404-2 (or JIS C 2550-1) method. Specimen is parallel to the rolling direction and
95.0 annealed for magnetic properties.
27PH 100 1.00 (0.45) 1.35 (0.61)
Note) A bove test is conducted in accordance with IEC60404-2 (or JIS C 2550-1). B8 indicates the magnetic flux density at 800A/m. Core loss and magnetic flux density
are measured after stress relief annealing and speciemen is parallel to the rolling direction. (Annealing condition: 840°C, 1hr, non-oxidation atmosphere) ■Typical Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factor
Thickness, Tensile Strength, N/mm2 Yield Point, N/mm2 Elongation, % Hardness Lamination
mm (in.) L C L C L C HV1 Factor, %
Note) 1. Above values are not guaranteed. Tests are conducted in accordance with JIS Z 2241 and 2244.
2. L: Specimen is parallel to the rolling direction. / C: Specimen is transverse to the rolling direction.
3. Specimens with 0A coating are used for lamination factor test.
PHD-Core Grain-oriented electrical steel PHD-Core Grain-oriented electrical steel
PHD-Core
PHD-core has excellent magnetic properties by domain refining technologies which can achieve significant loss reduction.
23PHD085 0.23 (0.0091) 23PHD080 0.57 (0.26) 0.77 (0.35) 0.75 (0.34) 1.01 (0.46) 1.91
23PHD085 0.59 (0.27) 0.80 (0.36) 0.78 (0.35) 1.05 (0.48) 1.91
23PHD090
23PHD090 0.62 (0.28) 0.83 (0.38) 0.80 (0.36) 1.09 (0.49) 1.91
27PHD085 900~1200 1000 (39.37)
PHD-Core 508 (20) 27PHD085 0.62(0.28) 0.81 (0.37) 0.83 (0.38) 1.06 (0.48) 1.91
(35.43~47.24) 1200 (47.24) 48
27PHD090 0.27 (0.0106)
27PHD090 0.64 (0.29) 0.84 (0.38) 0.86 (0.39) 1.10 (0.50) 1.91
27PHD095 27PHD095 0.66 (0.30) 0.88 (0.40) 0.86 (0.39) 1.18 (0.54) 1.91
30PHD095 30PHD095 0.68 (0.31) 0.93 (0.42) 0.91 (0.41) 1.23 (0.56) 1.91
0.30 (0.0118) 30PHD100 0.70 (0.32) 0.95 (0.43) 0.93 (0.42) 1.26 (0.57) 1.91
30PHD100
POSCO Electrical Steel
Note) A bove values are not guaranteed. Tests are conducted in accordance with IEC60404-3 (or JIS C 2556) method, using as-sheared specimen which is parallel to the
Note) For non-standard sizes, please contact us.
Grain-oriented
rolling direction, without stress relief annealing.
■Specification
Magnetic properties and lamination factor ■Typical Mechanical Properties and Lamination Factor
14 15
Density, Core Loss, Max, W/kg (W/lb) Magnetic Flux Density, Min, T Lamination Factor, Thickness, Tensile Strength, N/mm 2
Yield Point, N/mm 2
Elongation, % Hardness Lamination
Grade
kg/dm3 1.7T/50Hz 1.7T/60Hz B8 Min, % mm (in.) L C L C L C HV1 Factor, %
23PHD080 0.80 (0.36) 1.14 (0.52) 0.23 (0.0091) 381 424 356 383 14 42 183 97.0
23PHD085 0.85 (0.39) 1.17 (0.53) 94.5 0.27 (0.0106) 361 415 337 367 14 42 182 97.5
0.30 (0.0118) 345 412 330 358 16 45 184 98.0
23PHD090 0.90 (0.41) 1.19 (0.54)
Note) 1. Above values are not guaranteed. Tests are conducted in accordance with JIS Z 2241 and 2244.
27PHD085 0.85 (0.39) 1.17 (0.53)
7.65 1.88 2. L: Specimen is parallel to the rolling direction. / C: Specimen is transverse to the rolling direction.
27PHD090 0.90 (0.41) 1.22 (0.55) 95.0 3. Specimens with 0A coating are used for lamination factor test.
27PHD095 0.95 (0.43) 1.26 (0.57)
Note) 1. Above test is conducted in accordance with IEC60404-3 (or JIS C 2556), using single sheet tester, without stress relief annealing.
2. Domain refining effect of PHD core will be nullified by annealing.
3. B8 indicates the magnetic flux density at 800A/m.
Width, Thickness, Thickness Tolerance, Thickness deviation Width Tolerance, Camber (Length:2m),
mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.) in Width, mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.)
Note) Thickness deviation in width means the gap between the thickness of center and the one section 15mm away from the edge part.
PHE-Core Grain-oriented electrical steel Surface condensation in relation to humidity and temperature
PHE-Core
■Reference for rust
PHE-core has a domain refining effect even after heat treatment for stress relief, so it can also be used for wound core type transformer.
Condensed Water on steel surface Graph according to Humidity and Temperature
23PHE080
0.23 900~1200 1000 (39.37) 508 350
PHE-Core
23PHE085 (0.0091) (35.43~47.24) 1200 (47.24) (20)
Relative Humidity(%)
Condensed Water Zone
Note) For non-standard sizes, please contact us. 300
250
■Specification Magnetic properties and lamination factor
Magnetic Flux 200
Density, Core Loss, Max, W/kg (W/lb) Density, Min T Lamination Factor,
Grade
kg/dm3 Min, %
1.7T/50Hz 1.7T/60Hz B8
150
23PHE080 0.80 (0.36) 1.14 (0.52)
POSCO Electrical Steel
Grain-oriented
Note) A bove test is conducted in accordance with IEC60404-2 (or JIS C 2550-1). B8 indicates the magnetic flux density at 800A/m. Core loss and magnetic flux density
50
are measured after stress relief annealing and speciemen is parallel to the rolling direction. (Annealing condition: 840°C, 1hr, non-oxidation atmosphere)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
16 ■Dimension & Shape Tolerance 17
Temp(°C)
Water is condensed on the steel surface in certain temperature and humidity in store place and steel is likely to get rusty.
Width, Thickness, Thickness Tolerance, Thickness deviation Width Tolerance, Camber (Length:2m), Ex) In a place of 25°C, humidity 80%, water is condensed when temp decrease to 22°C.
mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.) in Width, mm (in.) mm (in.) mm (in.)
Note) Thickness deviation in width means the gap between the thickness of center and the one section 15mm away from the edge part. 1300
Width 50 70 100 150 200 300 400 600 800 850 914 950 1000 1100 1200
Resistivity, Magnetic
Core Loss, W/kg (W/lb) 1100
Grade Ω·m Flux Density, T
×10-8 1.5T/50Hz 1.7T/50Hz 1.5T/60Hz 1.7T/60Hz B8
When ordering, please be sure to consult our latest and check the specifications or standards of products may change.
■Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel
POSCO (2019) JIS C 2553 (2019) ASTM A 876 (2017) EN10107 (2014)
Thickness, Core Loss, Max, Core Loss, Max, Core Loss, Max, Core Loss, Max,
mm (in.) Grade W/kg (W/Ib) Grade W/kg (W/Ib) Grade W/kg (W/Ib) Grade W/kg (W/Ib)
1.7T/50Hz 1.7T/50Hz 1.7T/50Hz 1.7T/50Hz
23PHD080 0.80 (0.36) 23R080 0.80 (0.36) - - - -
23PHD085 0.85 (0.39) 23R085 0.85 (0.39) - - M85-23Pb 0.85 (0.39)
23PHD090 0.90 (0.41) 23R090 0.90 (0.41) 23Q054 0.90 (0.41) M90-23Pb 0.90 (0.41)
0.23 (0.0091)
23PH 085 0.85 (0.39) 23P085 0.85 (0.39) - - - -
23PH 090 0.90 (0.41) 23P090 0.90 (0.41) - - - -
23PH 095 0.95 (0.43) 23P095 0.95 (0.43) - - M95-23P 0.90 (0.41)
27PHD085 0.85 (0.39) 27R085 0.85 (0.39) - - - -
27PHD095 0.95 (0.43) 27R095 0.95 (0.43) 27Q057 0.96 (0.43) M95-27Pb 0.95 (0.43)
0.27 (0.0106) 27PH 095 0.95 (0.43) 27P095 0.95 (0.43) - - - -
27PH100 1.00 (0.45) 27P100 1.00 (0.45) 27P066 1.11 (0.50) M100-27P 1.00 (0.45)
27PG130 1.30 (0.59) 27G130 1.30 (0.59) - - M130-27S 1.30 (0.59)
POSCO Electrical Steel
Grain-oriented
30PH 100 1.00 (0.45) 30P100 1.00 (0.45) - - - -
0.30 (0.0118)
30PH 105
30PG 120
1.05 (0.48)
1.20 (0.54)
30P105
30G120
1.05 (0.48)
1.20 (0.54)
-
-
-
-
M105-30P
M120-30S
1.05 (0.48)
1.20 (0.54)
ELECTRICAL STEEL
18 30PG 130 1.30 (0.59) 30G130 1.30 (0.59) 30H083 1.39 (0.63) M130-30S 1.30 (0.59) 19
35PG145 1.45 (0.66) 35G145 1.45 (0.66) - - M145-35S 1.45 (0.66) Copyright Ⓒ 2019 by POSCO
0.35 (0.0138) All rights reserved
35PG155 1.55 (0.70) 35G155 1.55 (0.70) 35H094 1.57 (0.71) M155-35S 1.55 (0.70)
Domestic Export ➋ ➍
➌ Contact Us
➊ POSCO Headquarters
Product
6261, Donghaean-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si,
➑ Gyeongsangbuk-do 790-300, Korea
➌ Global Quality & Service Management Office
➓ ➒
Inner TEL. 82-54-220-3111
diameter FAX. 82-54-220-0799
Name of cross-sectional pack
Headquarters
6261, Donghaean-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si,
Gyeongsangbuk-do 790-300, Korea
TEL 82-54-220-0114
FAX 82-54-220-6000
Seoul Office
POSCO Center, 440, Teheran-ro,
Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-777, Korea
TEL 82-2-3457-0114
FAX 82-2-3457-6000
Pohang Works
6261, Donghaean-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si,
Gyeongsangbuk-do 790-785, Korea
TEL 82-54-220-0114
FAX 82-54-220-6000
Gwangyang Works
20-26, Pokposarang-gil, Gwangyang-si,
Jeollanam-do 545-711, Korea
TEL 82-61-790-0114
Published in October, 2019
FAX 82-61-790-7000
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