RIFT VALLEY UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

DEPARTMENT OF ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE

Assessment On Attitudes Of Employees And Customers Towards Electronic Banking

System In Commercial Bank Of Ethiopia (A Case Study ,Jimma Faranj Arada Branch)

A Research Proposal Submitted To Department Of Accounting And Finance In Partial Fulfillment

Of The Requirements For Bachelor Of Art (Ba) Degree In Accounting And Finance

GROUP MEMBER’S ID. NUMBER

1. YEABTSEGA FEKADU 122/12
2. EFREM ATINAFU 096/12
3. ISRAEL BENKI 131/12
4. FITSUM HUSEN 099/12
5. NEJAT IMAM 138/12
6. YEMAWAYESH DENDIR 122/12

June 2022
Jimma , Ethiopia

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Contents
Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................................................4
Abstract.......................................................................................................................................................5
List of Acronyms.........................................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER ONE..........................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study...............................................................................................................1

1.2 Background of the Organization....................................................................................................2

1.3 Statement of the Problem.............................................................................................................2

1.4 Research Questions......................................................................................................................3

1.5 Objectives of the Study..................................................................................................................3

1.6 Significance of the Study...............................................................................................................3

1.8 Scope of the Study.........................................................................................................................4

1.9 Limitation of the Study..................................................................................................................4

1.10 Organization of the Study............................................................................................................4

CHAPTER TWO.........................................................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................................................................5

2.1. Definition of E-banking................................................................................................................5

2.2. E-banking Practice in Ethiopian Commercial banks.....................................................................5

2.3. Types of E-banking.......................................................................................................................6

2.4. Benefits of Electronic Banking.....................................................................................................7

2.5 E-banking challenges in global perspective...................................................................................9

2.6. E-banking challenges in Ethiopia..................................................................................................9

2.7 Empirical studies related with E-banking challenges and prospects............................................10

CHAPTER THREE...................................................................................................................................11
RESEARCH METHDOLOGY.............................................................................................................11
3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................11

3.2 Research Approach......................................................................................................................11

3.3 Target population.........................................................................................................................11

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 3.4 Sampling Technique....................................................................................................................11

3.5 Sample Size.................................................................................................................................12

3.6 Source of Data.............................................................................................................................12

3.7 Method of Data Collection...........................................................................................................12

3.8Method of Data Analysis..............................................................................................................12

CHAPTER FOUR.....................................................................................................................................13
BUDGET BREAK DOWN AND TIME PLAN DOWN FOR STUDY................................................13
4.1Time Plan......................................................................................................................................13

4.2. Financial Budget.........................................................................................................................13

Reference...................................................................................................................................................14

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Acknowledgement

First and foremost, I would like to thank the Almighty God it give me the courage through his
endless love and blessing that help me to finalize the study.

Secondly, I would like to thank to my advisor, Mubarik Abajihad for his constructive comments,
valuable suggestions and good guidance, his kindness and his necessary encouragement. I would
like to also acknowledge employees and customers who participate in the study.

Finally, my special thanks go to my family and my best friends who support moral and finance
starting from the beginning up to the end of the study.

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Abstract
This study aims to examine the attitudes of employees and customers towards electronic banking
in the commercial bank of Ethiopia. The study was conducted based on the data gathered from
the employees and customers of commercial bank of Ethiopia. Mixed research approach was
employed to answer the research questions that emerge through the review of existing literature
and the experience of the researcher in respect of the E-banking system. The descriptive
statistics such as tables, frequencies and percentages are used to analyze the data obtained from
the survey questionnaire. From the analysis of collected data, the finding shows that ATM,
mobile banking, internet banking and POS are the major e-banking technology used in
commercial bank of Ethiopia.
As per the result of this study respondents have good perception towards the benefits of e-
banking such as e-banking is the best means to reduce customer overload, best way of achieving
vision, eliminates time constraint, and better managing of finance transactions. The findings of
the study also shows that the respondents agreed that frequent network failure, lack of
awareness on the benefit of e- banking, high rate of illiteracy, and resistance of customers to
accept new e-banking technology are problems of e- banking. Based on these, it is recommended
that the bank should localize languages for his customers; familiarize its customers with the
process and benefit of the system. The suggestion also made for the government to invest on the
telecommunication infrastructure to overcome the problem of network and power interruption.

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List of Acronyms
ATM Automated Teller Machine
CBE Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
E-banking Electronic Banking
EFT Electronic Fund Transfer
E-payment Electronic Payment
ICT Information Communication Technology
NBE National Bank of Ethiopia
PC Personal Computer
PDA Personal Digital Assistance
PIN Personal Identification Number
POS Point Of Sale
SMS Short Message Service
TV Television

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The increasingly competitive environment in the financial service market has resulted in pressure
to develop and utilize alternative delivery channels. The most recently delivery channel
introduced is online or electronic banking also known as e-banking (Daniel & Storey, 1997).
Banks and other financial institutions have moved to E-banking in their efforts to cut costs while
maintaining reliable customer service (Kolodinsky & Hogarth, 2001). As technology evolves,
different kinds of electronic banking systems emerge, each bringing a new dimension to the
interaction between user and bank. They include Automated Teller Machine (ATM), mobile and
Internet (online) banking, electronic funds transfer, direct bill payments and credit card (Gikandi
& Bloor, 2010). The appearance of E-banking in Ethiopia goes back to the late 2001, when the
largest state owned, commercial bank of Ethiopia (CBE) introduced automatic teller machine to
deliver service to the local users.
As it is stated in different E-banking literature some of the problems related with E-banking are:
Low level of internet penetration and poorly developed telecommunication infrastructure. Lack
of suitable legal and regulatory framework for E-commerce and E-payment is another problem
for the practice of new technology in banking industry. Low literacy rate is a problem for the
practice of E-banking in Ethiopia as it hinders the accessibility of banking services. For citizens
to fully enjoy the benefits of E-banking, they should not only know how to read and write but
also possess basic ICT literacy (Gardachew, 2010). But risks related with security issue, lack of
competition among local and foreign banks and social awareness on the E-banking system were
not addressed.
In order to encourage further E-banking practice in developing countries, a better understanding
of the barriers impacting E-banking practice is critical (Zhao, 2008). By gaining an in-depth
understanding of the factors and conditions that influence developing country’s ability to fully
adopt and realize its benefits, strategic implications can be generated for the researchers and
practitioners regarding how to promote the growth of E-banking in the developing countries.
However, despite the importance of these adoptions, Limited studies are currently available in
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developing countries, especially in Ethiopia. Therefore, more studies are still required to
understand the relevance of E-banking in the country to identify areas in which the country lags
behind that inhibit their E-banking practice. Therefore, to address the current gap in the
literature, this study is focusing on the assessing the attitudes of employees and customers about
Electronic banking in commercial bank of Ethiopia.

1.2 Background of the Organization

The history of commercial bank of Ethiopia dates back to the establishment of state bank of
Ethiopia in 1942. It was legally established as a share company in 1963. The bank is the largest
commercial bank in Ethiopia. It is also the first bank in Ethiopia to introduce automated teller
machine (ATM) for local users. The number of E-banking users increased rapidly from time to
time. Currently the bank also provides Internet banking services that offer the customers with
modern banking services such as viewing account balance, creating payment requests,
transferring funds in simple and efficient manner etc.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

By referring different literatures and looking the service provided by the banks, the banking
system in Ethiopia is underdeveloped compared to the rest of the world and therefore, there is an
immediate need to embark on capacity building arrangements and modernize the banking system
by employing the state of art of technology being used in anywhere in the world. With the
growing number of import-export business, and increasing international trades and international
relations, the current banking system is short of providing efficient and dependable services.
Cash is still the medium of exchange. The use of checks is mostly limited to governmental
institutions, non-governmental organizations and some private businesses. The country has not
yet realized the full benefit of technological advances in electronic banking system.
Even though E-banking has a lot of benefit in delivering service to customers, in Ethiopia
customers were missed to enjoy with the technological advancement in banking sector which has
been entertained elsewhere in Africa and the rest of the world. The modern E-banking methods
like Automated teller machine (ATM), Debit cards, Credit cards, Internet banking, Mobile
banking and others are new to the Ethiopian banking sectors.
In less monetized countries, like Ethiopia, financial sector is dominated by banking industry,
effective and efficient functioning of the economy has significant role in accelerating economic

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growth. To enhance the role of banks in an economy, competition is an important driving force.
In other words, insufficient competition may result in substantial social losses on account of
higher price, higher transaction cost, lower credit supply, lack of innovation and poor service
quality. This study intended to assess the attitudes of employees and customers about E-banking
in commercial bank of Ethiopia.

The gap between the previous study and this study about E-banking is that previous studies are
about E-banking in Ethiopia focus on the separate elements of E-banking individually, however
this study is focus on by combining some main elements of E-banking in general. The other gap
is that time gap, the previous customer‘s attitude and believing on E-banking different from
today‘s E-banking users.

1.4 Research Questions

Based on the above stated problem the study was focuses on the following research questions.
 What are the perceptions of employees about benefits and challenges of using E- banking?
 What are the attitudes of customers about usage of E- banking?

1.5 Objectives of the Study

1.5.1 General Objective
The main objective of this study was to assess the attitudes of employees and customers towards
electronic banking service in commercial bank of Ethiopia,( Jimma Faranj Arada Branch).

1.5.2 Specific Objectives

The specific objectives of the study were to:
 To know the perceptions of employees about benefits and challenges of using E-banking.
 To know the attitudes of the customer about usage of E- banking.

1.6 Significance of the Study

The outcomes and results of this study will have potential value to financial institutions,
particularly banks to understand the challenges related with adoption of new technology and its
advantages in providing service to their customers. In addition, this study expected to help other
researchers who will be interested to conduct further study regarding the issue under investigated

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by providing important information. Finally based on the factors found to be influencing bankers
decision on E-banking system, the study may provide recommendations for banks about changes
needed to accelerate adoption of the system to deliver service to customers through technological
innovation.

1.8 Scope of the Study

Initially this study was focus on commercial bank of Ethiopia Faranj Arada Branch about attitudes
of employees and customers towards of e-banking. Second, the study is confined to four E-banking
technologies those are ATM, mobile banking internet banking and point of sale (POS) and it
excludes E-banking technologies. The reason behind to this is that those E-banking technologies are
highly and frequently used types of E-banking in Ethiopia. The other reason is there is time and cost
constraint to cover all elements of E-banking.

1.9 Limitation of the Study

When conducting this study, there were a number of limitations that hindered the study. The first
challenge is getting the necessary data. Because of this, the researcher depends on limited
number of variables. Therefore, such limitation may adversely affect finding of the study.
Second the researcher lacks enough experience and skill to conduct the research. Finally, our
system of learning, i.e. Modular approach leads to time constraint.

1.10 Organization of the Study

The research proposal is divided into four chapters. Chapter one presents the introduction part,
which contains, back ground of the study, background of the organization, statement of the
problem, research questions, objectives, significance, scope and limitation of the study. The
second chapter is about related literature review. chapter three describes research methodology.
chapter four presents budget break down and time plan down for study.

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Definition of E-banking

E-banking has a variety of definitions all refer to the same meaning, the following section show
some of these definitions. E-banking is a form of banking service where funds are transferred
through an exchange of electronic signal between financial institutions, rather than exchange of
cash, checks, or other negotiable instruments (Kamrul, 2009). E-banking, also known as
electronic funds transfer (EFT), is simply the use of electronic means to transfer funds directly
from one account to another, rather than by check or cash (Malak, 2007).
The term of E-banking often refers to online banking/Internet banking which is the use of the
Internet as a remote delivery channel for banking services (Furst and Nolle 2002). With the help
of the internet, banking is no longer bound to time or geography. Consumers all over the world
have relatively easy access to their accounts 24 hours per day, seven days a week. Another
definition of E-banking is that. E-banking is the use of a computer to retrieve and process
banking data (statements, transaction details, etc.) and to initiate transactions (payments,
transfers, requests for services, etc.) directly with a bank or with other financial service provider
remotely via a telecommunications network (Yang, 1997). It should be noted that electronic
banking is a bigger platform than just banking via the internet.
E-banking can be also defined as a variety of platforms such as internet banking or (online
banking), TV-based banking, mobile phone banking, and PC (personal computer) banking (or
offline banking) whereby customers access these services using an intelligent electronic device,
like PC, personal digital assistant (PDA), automated teller machine (ATM), point of sale (POS),
kiosk, or touch tone telephone (Alagheband, 2006).

2.2. E-banking Practice in Ethiopian Commercial banks

The appearance of E-banking in Ethiopia goes back to the late 2001, when the largest state
owned, commercial bank of Ethiopia (CBE) introduced ATM to deliver service to the local users
with its fleet of eight ATMs located in Addis Ababa. Moreover, CBE has had Visa membership
since November 14, 2005. However, due to lack of appropriate infrastructure, it failed to reap the
fruit of its membership. Despite, being the pioneer in introducing ATM based payment system

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and acquired Visa membership, CBE lagged behind Dashen Bank, which worked
aggressively to maintain its lead in electronic payment systems. Dashen bank, a forerunner in
introducing e-banking in Ethiopia, has installed ATMs at convenient locations for its own
cardholders.
Now in Ethiopia electronic banking is highly growing from which mobile banking service
provider banks in Ethiopia are Wegagen bank, Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, United bank,
Dashin bank, Abay bank and Cooperative bank of Oromia. Internet banking service provider
includes; united, Wegagen, Dashin, Abay, Nib international and Commercial Bank of Ethiopia.
Agent bank service provider includes united international, Dashin, Abay, Anbesa and
cooperative bank of Ethiopia. In the year 2014/2015 National bank of Ethiopia give
ATM( automatic teller machine) license permission to Abay international bank, Anbesa
international bank, Nib international bank and Cooperative banks of Oromia.

2.3. Types of E-banking

2.3.1 Internet banking:
Internet banking- It is an electronic home banking system using web technology in which Bank
customers are able to conduct their business transactions with the bank through personal
computers. Internet Banking lets you handle many banking transactions via your personal
Computer. For instance, you may use your computer to view your account balance, request
transfers between accounts, and pay bills electronically. Internet banking system and method in
which a personal computer is connected by a network service provider directly to a host
computer system of a bank such that customer service requests can be processed
automatically without need for intervention by customer service representatives.

2.3.2 Automated Teller Machine (ATM)

Automated Teller Machines (ATM) is an electronic terminal which gives consumers the
opportunity to get banking service at almost any time. To withdraw cash, make deposits or
transfer funds between accounts, a consumer needs an ATM card and a personal identification
number (PIN).
An automated teller machine or automatic teller machine (ATM) is an electronic computerized
telecommunications device that allows a financial institution's customers to directly use a secure

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method of communication to access their bank accounts, order or make cash withdrawals
(or cash advances using a credit card) and check their account balances without the need
for a human bank teller. Many ATMs also allow people to deposit cash or cheques, transfer
money between their bank accounts, top up their mobile phones' pre-paid accounts or even buy
postage stamps. On most modern ATMs, the customer identifies him or herself by inserting a
plastic card with a magnetic stripe or a plastic smartcard with a chip that contains his or her
account number. The customer then verifies their identity by entering a pass code, often
referred to as a PIN (Personal Identification Number) of four or more digits.

2.3.3 Mobile banking

Mobile banking- Mobile banking is a service that enables customers to conduct some banking
services such as account inquiry and funds transfer, by using of short text message (SMS).

2.3.4 Point-of-Sale Transfer Terminals (POS)

The system allows consumers to pay for retail purchase with a check card, a new name for debit
card. This card looks like a credit card but with a significant difference. The money for the
purchase is transferred immediately from account of debit card holder to the store's account
(Malak, 2007).

2.3.5 Debit Card

Debit cards are also known as check cards. Debit cards look like credit cards or ATM (automated
teller machine) cards, but operate like cash or a personal check. Debit cards are different from
credit cards. While a credit card is a way to "pay later," a debit card is a way to "pay now." When
you use a debit card, your money is quickly deducted from your checking or savings account.
Debit cards are accepted at many locations, including grocery stores, retail stores,
gasoline stations, and restaurants.

2.4. Benefits of Electronic Banking

Banks just like other businesses are tuning to information technology to improve business
efficiency, service quality and attract new customers. The most important factors
encouraging consumers to use online banking are lower fees followed by reducing paper
work and human error. Subsequently electronic channels can lead to lower transaction
costs which are very competitive (Claessens & Kliengbiel, 2000). Conducting business outside
the normal branch working hours has also been a factor that has been considered convenient for

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bankers. According to Jayawardhena and Foley (2000) each ATM has the capacity to carry out
the same, essentially routine, transactions as do human tellers in branch offices but at half the
cost and with a four to one advantage in productivity. Thus banks can provide customers
convenient, inexpensive access to the bank 24 hours a day and seven days a week.

2.4.1. Benefits from the bank point of view

The first benefits for the banks offering Internet banking services is better branding and better
responsiveness to the market. Those banks that would offer such services would be perceived as
leaders in technology implementation. Therefore, they would enjoy a better brand image. The
other benefits are possible to measure in monetary terms. The main goal of every company is to
maximize profits for its owners and banks are not any exception. Automated e-banking services
offer a perfect opportunity for maximizing profits.

2.4.2. Benefits from the customers’ point of view

The main benefit from the bank customers‘ point of view is significant saving of time by
the automation of banking services processing and introduction of an easy maintenance
tools for managing customer‘s money.
 Some of the main benefits from e-banking for private customers are as follows:
 Reduced costs. This is in terms of the cost of availing and using the various banking
products and services.
 Convenience. All the banking transactions can be performed from the comfort of the
home or office or from the place a customer wants to.
 Speed. The response of the medium is very fast; therefore customers can actually wait till
the last minute before concluding a fund transfer.
 Funds management. Customers can download their history of different accounts
and do a what-if analysis on their own PC before affecting any transaction on the web.
This will lead to better funds management.
 Some of the main advantages of e-banking for corporate customers are as follows:
 Reduced costs in accessing and using the banking services.
 Increased comfort and timesaving. Transactions can be made 24 hours a day, without
requiring the physical interaction with the bank.

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  Quick and continuous access to information. Corporations will have easier access to
information as, they can check on multiple accounts at the click of a button.
 Better cash management. E-banking facilities speed up cash cycle and increases
efficiency of business processes.

2.5 E-banking challenges in global perspective

Confidentiality, integrity and authentication are very important features of e-banking and were
very successfully managed the world over in pre-internet times. Communication across an open
and thus insecure channel such as the internet might not be the best base for bank-client relations
as trust might partially be lost.
E-banking has created many new challenges for bank management and regulatory and
supervisory authorities. They originate not just from increased potential for cross border
transactions but also for domestic transactions based on technology applications which raise
many security related issues.

There are a serious implication international of E-banking. It is a common argument that low
transaction costs potentially make it much easier to conduct cross-border banking electronically.
For many banks, cross- border operations offer an opportunity to reap economies of scale. But
cross-border finance also needs a higher degree of cross-border supervision. Such cooperation
may need to extend to similar supervisory rules and disclosure requirements (for efficiency and
to avoid regulatory arbitrage) and some harmonizing of legal, accounting and taxation
arrangements.

2.6. E-banking challenges in Ethiopia

Banking in Ethiopia faces numerous challenges to fully adopt and adapt E-Banking applications
and seize the opportunities presented by ICT applications in general. According to Gardachew,
(2010) Key Challenges for E-Banking applications are:
Low level of internet penetration and poorly developed telecommunication infrastructure: Lack
of infrastructure for telecommunications, Internet and online payments impede smooth
development and improvements in e-banking in Ethiopia. Most rural areas of the country, where
the majority of small and medium businesses are concentrated, have no Internet facilities and
thus are unable to engage in e-banking activities.

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High rates of illiteracy: Low literacy rate is a serious impediment for the adoption of E-Banking
in Ethiopia as it hinders the accessibility of banking services. For citizens to fully enjoy the
benefits of E-Banking, they should not only know how to read and write but also possess basic
ICT literacy.
High cost of Internet: The cost of Internet access relative to per capita income is a critical factor.
Compared to the developed countries, there are higher costs of entry into the e-commerce market
in Ethiopia. These include high start-up investment costs, high costs of computers and
telecommunication and licensing requirements.
Resistance to change in to technology among customers and staff due to:
 Lack of awareness on the benefits of new technologies,
 Fear of risk,
 Lack of trained personnel in key organizations
 People may be resistant to new payment mechanisms.
 Cyber security issues

2.7 Empirical studies related with E-banking challenges and prospects

Some related studies are conducted by different researchers in different parts of the world.
However, there are limited numbers of studies conducted in Ethiopia on the implementation of
technological innovation. Specifically Gardachew (2010) conducted research on the
opportunities and challenges of E-banking in Ethiopia. The aim of his study was focused on
analyzing the status of electronic banking in Ethiopia and investigates the main challenges and
opportunities of implementing E-banking system. The author conducted a survey on the existing
operating style of banks and identifies some challenges of using E-banking system, such as, lack
of suitable legal and regulatory frame works for E-commerce and E- payments, political
instability in neighboring countries, high rates of illiteracy and absence of financial networks that
links different banks. According to Gardachew (2010) Opportunities offered by ICT through e-
learning programs and Commitment of the governments on development of ICT infrastructures
is considered as drivers of using E-commerce and E-payment systems.
In general, review of empirical studies show that understanding the practice of e-banking in
Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Ethiopia, and Africa and on the other world. The study mostly
deals about the opportunity and challenges of e-banking practices. Some studies also deals about

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the critical success factors in e-banking is important for banking industry because it would
potentially help to improve their strategic planning process. The main obstacles and barriers that
oppose e-banking practice are the concern of security, privacy of information and technology
investment cost. The literature also indicates that according to the customers there are different
factors related to the service itself and how to be accepted and used by the customers, which
differs from country to country.

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHDOLOGY

3.1 Introduction
Designing appropriate research methodology is a prerequisite in order to conduct a good
Research work. Accordingly, this is focuses about the methodology by which the researcher was
used to conduct this study. Thus, research approach, target population, sample size and sampling
technique, source of data, method of data collection and method of data analysis are presented
below respectively.

3.2 Research Approach

According to Creswell (2003) there are three basic types of research approaches, quantitative,
qualitative, and mixed approach. In order to achieve the objective of this study and answer the
research questions, the researcher used both quantitative approach The reason for using
quantitative approach for employees is that the researcher aims to make generalization about a
target population by using censes method of surveying. The other reason for using qualitative
approach for customers is that researcher uses small sample size from large target population
using purposive sampling method and the researcher aims to gain understanding of their attitude
rather than making generalization from the sample to the population.

3.3 Target population

In research methods, population is the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be
drawn. The population of the present study consists of 22 employees and 1500 E-banking user
customers of commercial bank of Ethiopia, ,( Jimma Faranj Arada Branch)..

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3.4 Sampling Technique
The study has two target groups’ workers of the bank and customer of the bank. In order to
conduct the study the researcher uses censes method of surveying for employees and purposive
sampling method for customers. The reason of using censes for employees is that employees are
small in number and easily addressing them. The reason for using purposive sampling techniques
for customers is that customers will be selected on the basis of their capabilities such as; the
ability to read and understand questioners, their available time, and their willingness to answer
research questions.

3.5 Sample Sie

In order to achieve the objective of the research, the researcher used all 22 employees of the bank
and purposely selects 20 E-banking user customers of the bank. The customers participated in
this study were the ones which were users of e-banking and ability to answer research questions.

3.6 Source of Data

To conduct this study both primary and secondary data are used. To know the attitudes of
employees and customers of the bank, primary data in the form of questioner was used whereas
Data‘s related with bank information and literature using secondary data is collected from books,
articles, websites and reports of the bank. These data helped in to introducing the concept of e-
banking, the theoretical framework designed for the study, implied the research gap existed etc.

3.7 Method of Data Collection

The researcher used both primary and secondary method of data collection based on the source
of data needed for conducting the research. Questionnaire was distributed to selected employees
and customers. On the other hand secondary source of data was collected from books, articles,
websites and reports of the bank.

3.8Method of Data Analysis

After the relevant data was collected the researcher used descriptive statistics method of data
analysis in the form of tables, frequency and percentages.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

BUDGET BREAK DOWN AND TIME PLAN DOWN FOR STUDY

4.1Time Plan
No Activity Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June
1 Topic Selection x
2 Preparation of proposal x
3 Collection of useful material x
4 Data Collection x
5 Data Analysis and writing of final research x
6 Submission of research x
7 Presentation of final research x

4.2. Financial Budget

Item Quantity Per unit (Birr) Total Cost (Birr)
and

Paper 1 pad 200.00 200.00

Pens 6 pieces 7.00 42.00
Pencil 1 pieces 3.00 3.00
Equipment
stationary

Binder 1 pieces 100.00 100.00

Total Cost - - 345
Transportation 2trips 500 1000
Internet 50.0 hrs 0.25 750.00
Personal cost

Typist 20 pages 20.00 400.00

Total cost - - 550.00
Overall total cost - - 2700.00

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