Impact of Piecing Index On Combed Yarn Quality

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 6 Issue 7, November-December 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
Impact of Piecing Index on Combed Yarn Quality

A. Muralikrishnan
Lecturer, P.A.C. Ramasamy Raja Polytechnic College, Rajapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: A.

After combing operation is completed, the detaching rollers feedback Muralikrishnan "Impact of Piecing
a part of the previously formed web. The nippers swing forward and Index on Combed Yarn Quality"
lay the just-combed fringe onto the web portion projecting from the Published in
detaching rollers. This is called piecing of web in comber machine. International Journal
of Trend in
Many parameters such as fibre properties, machine settings and
Scientific Research
process parameters affect the piecing and thus yarn quality. In this and Development
paper, the effect of piecing index on combed yarn quality was (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
studied. Conventional and high-speed comber machines were chosen 6470, Volume-6 | IJTSRD52536
and samples were taken by changing various piecing index. Based on Issue-7, December
the study, piecing index influences the sliver U%, yarn IPI and 2022, pp.1117-1120, URL:
classimat faults. Smaller variation in piecing index severely affects www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52536.pdf
the sliver and yarn quality and no rule to determine the optimum
piecing index for a particular process. Copyright © 2022 by author (s) and
International Journal of Trend in
KEYWORDS: Comber, Piecing index, High speed combers, Combed Scientific Research and Development
yarn Journal. This is an
Open Access article
distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
INTRODUCTION
The comber machine is used to produce medium and necessary for piecing operation in order to overlap
finer yarns and enables to improve the primary yarn new combed web into already combed web.
characteristics of evenness, strength, cleanliness,
Fast forward motion of detaching roller is necessary
visual appearance, and handle. In addition, comber is
for fast emerging of pieced web towards outside.
used to improve the working behaviour of yarn in
Normal forward motion of detaching roller is
downstream processing. To achieve, these
necessary for delivering continuous web sheet to table
requirements, the comber must perform the
calendar roller to make a sliver. These forward and
operations such as elimination of short fibres,
backward motions of steel detaching rollers are
impurities and neps. Parameters influencing the
achieved by means of a differential gear unit at the
combing operation are raw material, lap preparation,
headstock in the modern combers. The delivery
factors associated with the machine, machine setting
during forward movement is larger than the backward
and ambient conditions. After combing operation is
movement so that an effective take-off is achieved. In
completed, the detaching rollers feedback a part of
Rieter E7/5 comber, delivery length of web during
the previously formed web. The nippers swing
forward and backward movements are 81mm,
forward and lay the just-combed fringe onto the web
49.5mm respectively and net delivery length of web
portion projecting from the detaching rollers. This is
during each combing cycle is 31.5mm. The cross-
called piecing of web in comber machine. When the
sectional view of combing elements are shown in
detaching rollers rotate in the web take-off direction
figure 1.
again, they draw the just-combed fibres through the
top comb and a new web section is formed. In order Top detaching rollers are generally rubber rollers and
to carry out the piecing operation, the detaching pneumatically weighted. A horizontal flat link is
rollers is used which two pairs of rollers and have provided above neck of detaching rollers. Pressure
three types of movement in comber. i.e. Backward guide plates and flat link are completely enclosed in a
motion, fast forward motion and normal forward housing and therefore protected from dust and fly.
motion. Backward motion to detaching roller is Pressure on top detaching roller can be varied by
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD52536 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 7 | November-December 2022 Page 1117
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
means of reduction valve. Normally the pressure exhibits periodic thick and thin variations. Based on
applied on top detaching roller is 3 – 5 kg/cm2. hand book of uster tester, The wave length of
Piecing is a distinct source of faults in the operation variation = Piecing distance x total draft. These
of comber, but it is system related due to the variations can be visualized in spectrogram of
discontinuous combing operation. The sliver combed sliver at wavelength range of 30 to 75 cm.
produced in this way has a wave like structure, i.e. it
Figure 1 Cross sectional view of combing elements

MATERIALS
Bunny, MCU-5, S6 and DCH32 cotton varieties with the following proportion were taken for this trials: 35%,
35%, 15% and 15%. Fibre properties are measured in USTER HVI 1000 tester are listed in: 2.5% Span length -
30.5mm; SFI-5.27; Uniformity Index –84.09; Strength -33 grams/tex; Fineness-4.2 and Elongation – 6.35%.
Preparation of samples
The prepared cotton mixing was processed through blow room, carding, draw frame and unilap machines and
comber laps were prepared. Ideal spinning preparatory machinery sequence with ideal process parameters were
followed during sample preparation. The Prepared comber laps were processed through high-speed modern
combers with different process parameters. The combed slivers were processed through finisher draw frame,
speed frame and ring frame to produce yarn samples. The details of process parameters and production details of
different trials conducted at different category of combers are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Details of various process
Card Sliver Hank 0.120 Ne
Card waste% 7%
Lap Weight 70 g/m
Comber Waste% 20%
Roving hank 1.1 Ne
Ring Frame - Count 60 Ne
Ring Frame – TM 4.1
Ring Frame TPI 32
METHODOLOGY
In order to study the effect of smaller variation in piecing index on over all yarn quality, the two comber
machines such as Rieter E75 and Cherry VC 250 with different speed and parameters are chosen for trials. In
Rieter E75 comber, samples collected from piecing index of 0.0, -0.2 and -0.4. In Cherry VC250 comber,
samples collected from piecing index of 3.9, 4.2 and 4.5. In mill condition, trial and error method is followed by
changing various piecing index to get the optimum piecing index value.
PREPARATION OF YARN SAMPLES
The fibres from comber lap and comber sliver were tested for 2.5% span length and 50% span length using AFIS
instrument. The prepared cotton mixing was processed through blowroom, carding, draw frame and unilap
machines and comber laps were prepared. The Prepared comber laps were processed through high-speed modern
combers with different piecing indexes. The noil% was measured by the following method. The machine was
run at slow speed to clean the circular comb. The comber noil collection box, the suction pipe and the top comb
were cleaned. The machine was allowed to run at operating speed for a period of 15 seconds. The comber noil
and sliver were collected.
The sliver and yarn samples were collected and tested for unevenness in Uster eveneness tester 4. The yarn
samples were also tested for classimat faults in Uster classimat tester and listed in table 2.
Table 2: Test results of various samples
Yarn imperfections / Km – Offline classimat
Sample Piecing Sliver 60 Ne faults /300 KM
Comber Make
No. index U% Thin Thick Neps + Long
Total
-50% +50% 200% thin
1 Rieter E75 0 2.7% 1.0 21.0 75.5 48.7 2.7
2 Rieter E75 -0.2 2.76% 2.3 28.8 25.0 31.5 1.0
3 Rieter E75 -0.4 3.13% 1.5 79.5 86.8 56 4.3
4 Cherry VC 250 3.9 3.12% 1.0 21.5 53.8 92.7 10.7
5 Cherry VC 250 4.2 2.71% 4.3 32.5 71.5 62.7 9.3
6 Cherry VC 250 4.5 2.72% 3.5 34.8 63.5 88.7 8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
COMBER SLIVER UNEVENESS%
The sliver U% of samples 1,2,5 & 6 were found lower and sample 3&4 were found higher. This may be because
of improper length of piecing in the combed web. Piecing index is a good indicator to achieve lower combed
sliver unevenness%.
YARN IPI AND CLASSIMAT FAULTS

IPI level of Rieter combers, sample 1 shows minimum yarn imperfection when compared to sample 2 & 3. In
Cherry combers, sample 4 shows minimum yarn imperfection when compared to 5 & 6.
In Rieter comber, sample 2 shows minimum classimat faults when compared to 1 & 3. Though there is a small
variation in the above trial, the classimat faults are increased in the range of 55 – 77%. Similarly sample 2 shows
less number of long thin faults. In Cherry combers, sample 5 shows minimum classimat faults when compared to
sample 4 & 6. Though there is a small variation in the above trial, the classimat faults are increased in the range
of 42 – 48%. Similarly, sample 6 shows less number of long thin faults compared to sample 4 & 5. It is varied
only about 13 – 16%, so it is not a major variation in a mill.
CONCLUSION [2] S. Subramanian and N. Gobi, Effect of process

In this paper, effect of piecing index on yarn quality parameters at comber on yarn and fabric
have studied successfully and observed that the properties, Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile
unevenness% of combed sliver and yarn properties Research, Vol.29, June 2004, pp.196-199.
were strongly affected by piecing index. The smaller
[3] R. Chattopadhyay and R. Ghosh, Studies on
variation in piecing index value shows a large
mass distribution profile of detached fibres in a
difference in the yarn results. This trend was observed
comber, Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile
in the both the combers at slow and fast speeds but
Research, Vol.28, December 2003, pp.393-398.
the effects of piecing index is not linear. Hence, the
determination of optimum piecing index value is [4] K. P. Chellamani, D. Chattopadhyay and V
more important to get the desired yarn quality. Thanabal, Influence of wire point density in
Therefore, mills must take a trial at initial stage of cards and combers on neps in sliver and yarn
new mixing/new process change to determine the quality, Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile
optimum piecing index value. Research, Vol.28, March 2003, pp.9-15.
REFERENCES [5] V. Srinivasan and A. Muralikrishnan, Design
[1] Werner Klein, The Rieter Manual of Spinning, and Performance analysis of Modern combers,
Volume 3 – Spinning preparation, ISBN 10 3- Annual technical volume of Textile engineering
9523173-3-0. board, Institution of Engineers (India), Vol.3,
2020, pp.14-18.

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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Impact of Piecing Index on Combed Yarn Quality

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: A.

Figure 1 Cross sectional view of combing elements

YARN IPI AND CLASSIMAT FAULTS

CONCLUSION [2] S. Subramanian and N. Gobi, Effect of process

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