What Is Programming Language

1. What Is Programming Language?
Programming Language is a type of computer language that allow the user (Programmer) to
communicate with computer. In systematic, programming languages is some set of instruction that
allow the user to write a executable code in some specific languages. There are types of uses of the
programming language like developing and managing the software and hardware.
2. List the generations of PL, briefly discuss and give its advantages
1st Generation Languages (1 GL) - Machine Language
First generation of the broad programming languages is called the Machine Language and also called as
the low-level programming language. Machine Language is a type of computing language that are used
to program some of the old computer system (e.g. Old Computers) at the very low-level quality. It is one
of the native languages for 1st generation of programming languages. This machine is quite a machine-
dependent tasker that write a binary code (0/1 form) because this type of computer language only
focuses on binary languages
- Advantages
A. The primary advantage of programming in 1GL is that the code runs quickly and effectively,
B. Programs created in these languages efficiently utilize the memory since it is easy to keep track
of every piece of information.
2nd Generation Languages (2GL) - Assembly Language
The second generation of computer languages was known as assembly or assembler language. The
popularity of this language peaked in the late 1950s. A alphabetical list of letters makes up assembly
language. Compared to trying to program a string of zeros and ones, this makes programming lot
simpler. Assembly languages are grouped according to generation under the designation of second-
generation programming language (2GL). Computer and CPU-specific assembly languages are used. Also
known as a second-generation language, the phrase is used to distinguish between machine languages
(1GL) and higher-level programming languages (3GL, 4GL, etc.).
- Advantages
A. Compared to machine language, assembly language is simpler to comprehend and use. This
make the users programs most likely to be less prone to errors.
B. The code may be translated without the use of a translator. The computer can understand it
right away.
3rd Generation Languages (3GL) – High-Level Language
3GLs are far more programmer-friendly and machine-independent (portable). Features like enhanced
support for aggregate data types and idea expression that benefits the programmer rather than the
computer are included in this. By delegating non-essential information to the computer, a third-
generation language outperforms a second-generation language. Since 3GLs are more abstract than
languages from earlier generations, they are regarded as higher-level languages than their first- and
second-generation equivalents. Fortran, ALGOL, and COBOL are a few examples of early 3GLs that were
first released in the late 1950s.
Third-generation languages include the majority of widely used general-purpose languages used today,
including C, C++, C#, Java, Python, etc. However, each of these languages may be further classified into
different groups depending on various modern characteristics. The majority of 3GLs permit structured
programming. Object-oriented programming is widely embraced. Instead of merely being a 3GL,
characteristics like these are increasingly frequently employed to characterize a language.
- Advantages
A. Rather of being "machine-based," they are problem-oriented.
B. A program created in a high-level language may be converted into a variety of machine
languages and executed on any computer that supports the conversion.
C. Because the language is platform-independent, programs created in a high-level language may
be executed on any computer.
4th Generation Languages (4GL) – Very High-Level Language
Fourth-generation programming languages often target a narrow range of programming areas. Support
for database administration, report creation, mathematical optimization, GUI development, and web
development may all be included in 4GL. A non-procedural language, or 4GL, is another name for the
fourth-generation language. Users can access the database thanks to it. Examples include SQL, FoxPro,
and Focus.
- Advantages
A. Accessible to those without programming knowledge. By using English-like words and phrases,
as well as iconography, graphical user interfaces, and symbolic representations where
appropriate, 4GLs are more user-friendly and increase programming efficiency.
B. This enable several common activities to be carried out using a single command entered by the
programmer.
5th Generation Languages (3GL) – Artificial Intelligence Language
Any programming language based on problem-solving using constraints provided to the program rather
than using an algorithm created by a programmer is referred to as a fifth-generation programming
language (5GL). Fifth-generation languages also include majority of constraint-based and logic
programming languages as well as some other declarative languages. It solves issues on its own using
artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Artificial Intelligence is a being built into the computer that could
potentially exceed humanity. OPS5 and Mercury are examples of fifth-generation languages,
- Advantages
A. It solves issues on its own with the use of artificial intelligence (Automated). This way, the user
only needs to worry about what problems need to be solved and what conditions need to be
met, without worrying about how to implement a routine or algorithm to solve them.
B. Decisions can be made by machines, which can be risky.

3. Enumerate the levels of PL
Low–Level Language
- The fundamental language of the computer’s processor, also called Machine Language.
- All programs are converted into machine language before they can be executed.
- Consists of combination of 0’s and 1’s that represent high and low electrical voltage.
Middle-Level Language
- The abstraction layer of a computer system interacts with the middle-level programming
language
- It acts as a link between the computer system's basic hardware and programming layer.
High-Level Language
- Computer (programming) languages that are easier to learn.

- Uses English like statements.
- Examples are C ++, Ruby, Java, Python, etc.
4. Give at least 5 criteria of good language design
1. Readability
– Easily and properly interpret and comprehend a computation
2. Write-ability
– Express a computation clearly, correctly, concisely, and quickly
3. Reliability
– guarantees that a program won't behave unexpectedly or disastrously.
4. Maintainability
– It is simple to identify issues, fix them, and add new functionality.
5. Extensibility
– provide some general mechanism for the user to add new constructs to a language
5. What do you consider in choosing PL – give at least 3
1. A programming language that yields solutions which will be concise, easy to debug, easy to
extend, easy to document, and easy to fix.
2. The type of platform on which the program or software will run.
3. The type of programming language that will suit in my programming project.

What Is Programming Language

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What Is Programming Language

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

What Is Programming Language

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1. What Is Programming Language?

2nd Generation Languages (2GL) - Assembly Language

3rd Generation Languages (3GL) – High-Level Language

4th Generation Languages (4GL) – Very High-Level Language

5th Generation Languages (3GL) – Artificial Intelligence Language

B. Decisions can be made by machines, which can be risky.

- Computer (programming) languages that are easier to learn.

– Easily and properly interpret and comprehend a computation

– Express a computation clearly, correctly, concisely, and quickly

– guarantees that a program won't behave unexpectedly or disastrously.

– It is simple to identify issues, fix them, and add new functionality.

5. What do you consider in choosing PL – give at least 3

2. The type of platform on which the program or software will run.

3. The type of programming language that will suit in my programming project.

You might also like