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TLE-AFA-AGRI CROP
PRODUCTION
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Interpreting Plans and Drawings
 What I Need to Know

Content Standard
Demonstrates an understanding of interpreting plans and drawing.

Performance Standard

Interprets plans and drawings in agricultural crop production.

Learning Competencies
Interpret farm plans and lay-out.
Follow planting systems and practices.

Learning Objectives

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Design form plans and layouts according to crop grown.

2. Follow planting system and practices according to approved cultural practices.
3. Apply interpreted plans and drawings.

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 What I Know

Direction: By looking at the drawing, interpret and answer the given questions
below.

LEGEND:

- Plant

- Distance between row

-Distance of plants between hills

- Row - Length of the area

7m

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 6m - Whole Area
- Width of the area

Make your interpretation.

1. What is your area?

2. How many rows are there in the area?

3. How many plants are there in a row?

4. How many plants are there in the area?

5. What is the distance between plants per row?

6. What is the distance of plants between the hill?

7. How many plants are there in row A?

8. What is the length of the area?
9. What the width of the area?

10. How many plants are needed in rows A, B, and C?

Note: If you get 100% correct in this pre- assessment, skip the lesson but if not
and only get 50% to 99% correct, then proceed with the lesson.

Lesson
Interpreting Plans and
3 Drawings

We all know that interpreting and lay outing plays a very important role in
agricultural crop production. Interpretation is essential for the simple reason that
the usefulness and utility of research findings lie in proper interpretation.

What’s In

1.Why is it important to know about Interpreting and Lay outing?

2. What are the things to be considered before interpreting and lay- outing?

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 What’s New
MATCHING TYPE
Direction: Match column A with column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer
on a sheet of paper.
COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. The growing of single crop a.) row planting

2. Farming for the future b.) sole cropping

3. Uniform number of plants planted per c.) multiple row

linear. d.) Lay-outing

4. A system of growing crops in blocks or strips e.) FFTF

of 2 or more rows. f.) frill method

5. Locating the position of the plant in the field. g.) LEPs

6. The planting of other crops within the row h.) DA

i.) intercropping

7. Development Control Plans j.) RPA

8. Local Environment Plans k.) DCPs

9. Department of Agriculture l.) Crops

10. Row Planting Arrangement

What is It

INTERPRET FARM PLANS AND LAYOUTS

The 'Farming for the Future' (FFTF) program can help you to plan the best farm
layout. It is an initiative of NSW (New South Wales) Government agencies focusing on
whole farm planning. A whole farm plan considers the farm's physical, financial, and
human/personal resources for both now and the future.
A Farm layout refers to the compiling of physical structures such as homesteads,
outbuildings, waterways, contours, camps, water supply roads, and the layout of
orchards, vineyards, or lands. However, the area where the farm is situated, the
topography, the availability of natural resources, the farming practices, the different

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enterprises, the availability of capital, and the preference of the farmer/owner will
also affect the farm layout.
Site assessment

An on-site assessment of a farm is necessary so that a map can be drawn of

the property's topography, boundaries, soils, water resources, and a farm business
plan can be formulated.
What are the principles of site selection?

To evaluate the farm in its whole, it will be necessary to draw a map indicating
the farm's topography, boundaries as well as soil and water resources. This is
essential information needed in the planning process when selecting a site for a
specific purpose, e.g., building a dam or waterway, the layout of a new land, etc.
North-eastern slopes are preferred for maximum sunlight, warmth, and protection
from winds. Slopes do tend to erosion and need to be cultivated with care. Soil erosion
can be prevented by not using slopes with a gradient of more than 7º when cultivating
for crops.
Pay attention to the following when production sites are selected:
•Soil types, soil depth and fertility
•Drainage of the soil
•Availability of water
•Natural vegetation

Government plans

Acquaint yourself with relevant Regional Environmental Plans (REPs), Local

Environmental Plans (LEPs), and Development Control Plans (DCPs) and their short
and long-term effects on your proposed or existing farm enterprise. This will help
reduce unforeseen risks and enhance your farm business. Council’s building
approval or development consent (Das) may be needed for siting greenhouses, siting
and constructing dams or erecting hail and windbreak netting. Council approval to
clear land or a 'no burning of crop debris or waste materials on-farm' may apply.
Consent will be required if odor or noise is a nuisance likely to be generated from the
development.

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How Crops are Arranged in Row Planting
Row planting as applied in conventional horizontal farming or gardening is a
system of growing crops in a linear pattern in at least one direction rather than
planting without any distinct arrangement. It is practiced in most crops whether
direct seeded, transplanted, or grown from vegetative planting materials, both in
monocropping and multiple cropping.
Crops are planted in rows or straight lines, either singly or in multiple rows,
mainly to enhance maximum yields as well as for convenience. An east-west row
orientation is preferred to maximize light absorption, but this is not always possible.
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In many cases, the topography that includes the shape, terrain, and slope of the
land, as well as the location of existing vegetation, roads, irrigation lines, buildings,
and physical barriers, dictate the row orientation.
The specific advantages of row planting overbroadcastingorscatterplanting
include the following:

1. Light absorption is maximized and, conversely, the excessive shading effect

of other plants is minimized thus favoring more efficient photosynthesis and
improved crop.
2. Wind passage along the interrow is enhanced which increases gas exchanges
and prevents excessive humidity.
3. Access through the interrow facilitates cultivation, weeding, and other farm
operations including hauling.
4. Movement within the crop area is convenient and allows close inspection of
individual plants

5. Visibility is enhanced.

Row Planting Arrangement

Row-planted crops are either arranged in equidistant single rows or
multiple rows. Planting in single rows is most common in monocropping or sole
cropping, the growing of a single crop.

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Different systems of planting arrangements within the row are practiced in both
single and multiple row planning, depending on the characteristics and requirements
of the crop, particularly its extent of canopy expansion. In the hill method of planting
crops by direct seeding, the crops are arranged, singly, or in group, in uniform
distances. But in the drill method, the only consideration is a uniform number of
plants per linear meter.
In row-planted fruit trees and other perennial crops like coconut, oil palm,
and rubber, the common types of planting or spatial arrangement are the square,
triangular, or hexagonal.

Multiple Row Planting Arrangement

Multiple row planting is a system of growing crops in blocks or strips of 2 or more

rows. The adjacent blocks are separated by a space which may remain vacant or
planted to other crops. This planting arrangement is common in multiple cropping
in which two or more crops are grown in the same piece of land. It is also employed
in monocropping where an alley wide enough to facilitate passage is needed.

Spatial Arrangement Intercropping

Spatial arrangement is the systematic apportioning of the farm area or any
growing surface for crop production. In multiple cropping by intercropping, the
intercrop can be planted in any of the following ways: (1) within the rows of the
maincrop, (2) between the rows of the maincrop, and (3) in replacement series
Planting of the intercrop between two adjacent hills within the same row of the main
crop allows interrow cultivation but the intercrop has limited exposure to sunlight.

This is exemplified by the planting of peanuts that are 3m apart between coconut
plants.
Single row planting of the intercrop can also be done between the rows of the
maincrop. For example, peanut or mungbean can be dibbled between two adjacent
rows of corn. This system of planting arrangement is likewise common in coconut
farms where fruit trees like durian, lanzones, and mangosteen are grown in single
rows between coconut.
Methods of Planting Crops in the Farm

In general, there are two methods of planting crops: direct seeding and
transplanting. Direct seeding is either by broadcast, hill or dibble, or by drill method.
The hill and the drill methods are alternative options in row planting.

Direct seeding or direct sowing is a method of planting in which seeds are

directly planted on the ground in the farm or any growing surface while transplanting
makes use of pre-grown plants, seedlings, or vegetatively propagated clones. The
term transplanting is also used to refer to the practice of replanting an already
established plant in one location and moving it elsewhere.
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 Slashing and burning are done during summer when the grasses are dry, and
corn is planted at the start of the rainy season. With a dibbler or "panghasok" (a
pointed, spear-like stem) held by one hand, he strikes the ground to make holes
about 2 inches (5 cm) deep and 1 to 2 steps apart. As pointed tip of the dibbler is
lifted, someone else immediately drops 3 to 4 seeds of an indigenous, open-pollinated
corn into the hole. The hole is not refilled with soil, that part is done naturally by the
cascading downward movement of surface soil and fragments of rock. Between
harvesting and burning, the area is followed.

What’s More

Activity 1: Identification
Instructions: Supply the right/appropriate word on each blank provided in
every item. Write your answer on your notebook.

1. An east-west row operation is preferred to _______.

2. is the systematic apportioning of the farm area or any growing

surface for crop production.
3. Single row planting of the intercrop can also be done between the rows of the

4. Slashing and burning are done during when

the grasses are dry, and corn is planted at the start of the rainy season.

5. The method of planting crops is also common with mungbean

and cowpea grown as green manure.
6-8. The intercrop can be planted in any of the following ways:

(6)
(7) (8) .
9-10. In general, there are two methods of planting crops: (9) (10) .

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 What I Have Learned

Crops are planted in rows or straight lines, either singly or in multiple

rows, mainly to enhance maximum yields as well as for convenience. Row-planted
crops are either arranged in equidistant single rows or multiple rows. Spatial
arrangement is the systematic apportioning of the farm area or any growing surface
for crop production.

What I Can Do

Layout Garden Plots

MATERIALS NEEDED:

Quantity Description
2 sheets Bond paper short
1 pc Pencil
1 pc Ruler

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Put 1-inch borderlines on your bond paper

2. Use the following data in making your layout

Imagine that 1 cm on your drawing is equivalent to 1m

A. Width= 16 m

B. Length= 19 m

C. Planting distance
Between row= 1 m
Between hill=.5 m

3. Sketch inside the border lines your plot layout

4. Submit your output. Ask your parent/guardian to bring this in school together
with this module.

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How Well Did You Perform?

Criteria Score
20 15 10 5
Accuracy 70% (how accurate the
layout is)
Presentation 20%
Neatness 10%

Interpretation of Scores:

16 – 20 – Excellent output
11 – 15 – Very good
6 – 10 – Fair output
5 and below – Poor output

Assessment

Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is False. Put
your answer on sheet of paper.

1. An east-west row operation is preferred to maximize light absorption.

2. Single Row planting of the intercrop can be also done between the rows of the
farm.
3. Spatial arrangement is the systematic apportioning.
4. Slashing and burning are done during winter.
5. The row method of planting crops is also common with mungbean and cowpea
grown as green manure.

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 Additional Activities

Essay

Direction: Give your thoughts to the questions being asked.

1. Is it necessary to follow the FFTF (Farming for the Future) when you are starting
a farm business? Why do you say so? (5pts)
2. What is the importance of the planting arrangement in Farming? (5pts)

Rubrics

5 - Comprehensive/Analytical (strong and extensive answer)

4 - Well written/includes some analysis (with strong answer)

3 - Well written but lacks balance (acceptable with limited answer)

2 - Weak essay/lack organization/no analysis (simple with little answer)

1 - poorly written/barely addresses question (with factual errors

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Answer Key