Kompasito

kompasito
saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis

sferoSi bavSvebisTvis
redaqtori da Tanaavtori
nensi flauersi
saxelmZRvanelos momzadebaSi monawileobdnen

maria emilia brederode-santosi
jo kleisi
rania fazahi
anet Snaideri
JuJana seleni
koordinireba da saboloo redaqtireba

JuJana seleni
ilustraciebi
daiana negi
1
winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoTqmuli Sexedulebebi ekuTvnis avtorebs da ar aris aucilebeli,
gamoxatavdes evropis sabWos mosazrebebs.
saavtoro ufleba am gamocemaze ekuTvnis adamianis uflebaTa saganmanaTleblo centrsa da evropis

sabWos sainformacio biuros saqarTveloSi. akrZalulia gamocemis romelime nawilis komerciuli miznebiT
publikacia an gadaReba nebismieri saSualebiT – eleqtronuli iqneba is (kompaqt-diski, interneti da sxv.)
Tu meqanikuri, maT Soris aslis gadaReba, Cawera an informaciis Senaxvis Tu Ziebis sistemebis gamoyeneba,
adamianis uflebaTa saganmanaTleblo centrisa da saqarTveloSi evropis sabWos sainformacio biuros
werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.
am gamocemidan arakomerciuli saganmanaTleblo miznebisTvis masalebis gamoyeneba nebadarTulia

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi da im pirobiT, Tu wyaro sworad iqneba miTiTebuli.
winamdebare gamocemasTan an mis mTlianad Tu nawilobriv xelaxla gamoqveynebasTan an TargmnasTan

dakavSirebuli mTeli korespondencia unda gaigzavnos Semdeg misamarTebze:
adamianis uflebaTa saganmanaTleblo centri

0177, Tbilisi, nucubiZis 77b
el-fosta: hrecgeo@yahoo.com
www.humaneducation.info
evropis sabWos sainformacio biuro saqarTveloSi

0179, Tbilisi, i.WavWavaZis gamz. II Cixi, 3a korpusi
el-fosta: informtbilisi@coe.int
www.coe.ge
,,kompasito” – saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi bavSvebisTvis
© 2009 Human Rights Education Centre / Council of Europe Information Office in Georgia on Georgian translation
© Council of Europe on publication in English 2007, 2nd edition 2009
This translation of Compasito manual for human rights education for children is published by arrangement with the
Council of Europe
qarTuli Targmani © 2009w. adamianis uflebaTa saganmanaTleblo centri /evropis sabWos sainformacio
biuro saqarTveloSi
inglisurenovani publikacia © evropis sabWo 2007w., meore gamocema 2009w.
,,kompasito - saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebebis sferoSi bavSvebisTvis~ Targmani ganxorcielda
evropis sabWosTan SeTanxmebiT
dizaini: daniel horvaTi, http://danielhorvath.com
Targmani: Tamar miqaZe da ana gegeWkori
Targmanis xarisxis Semowmeba: giorgi kikaliSvili
redaqtori: daviT gelaSvili
qarTulenovan gamomcemlobaze pasuxismgebeli: givi miqanaZe
Translation into Georgian funded by the Council of Europe Information Office in Georgia
qarTulad Targmani dafinansebulia saqarTveloSi evropis sabWos sainformacio biuros mier
Publication funded by the Council of Europe Programme “Building Europe for and with children”
gamocema dafinansebulia evropis sabWos programis “avaSenoT evropa bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan
erTad” farglebSi
qarTulenovani gamocemis ISBN 978-9941-0-1839-8
dabeWdilia: saqarTveloSi, gamomcemloba Sps „pantoni”-s mier

tiraJi: 600 cali
Information on Compasito in other languages than Georgian: http://www.eycb.coe.int/compass/

informacia sxva enebze gamocemul “kompasito”-ze xelmisawvdomia Semdeg misamarTze: http://www.eycb.coe.int/compass/
2
sarCevi
madlobebi ............................................................................................................................ 6
winasityvaoba ...................................................................................................................... 7
Sesavali ................................................................................................................................... 9
mogesalmebaT `kompasito~ - saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis
sferoSi bavSvebisTvis! .................................................................................................................. 9
ras niSnavs ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi bavSvebisTvis? ............... 9
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi da ganaTleba demokratiuli
moqalaqeobisTvis ............................................................................................................................ 10
visTvis aris gankuTvnili `kompasito~? .................................................................... 10
ras moicavs `kompasito~? ................................................................................................ 11
`kompasitos~ struqtura ................................................................................................ 12
`kompasito~ adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrduli
programis farglebSi ..................................................................................................................... 12
I. gaecaniT adamianis uflebebs................................................................ 15

1. ras warmoadgens adamianis uflebebi? .................................................................... 15
meoce saukunis adamianis uflebaTa winamorbedni ................................................. 15
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia .......................................................... 16
adamianis uflebaTa samarTlebrivi baza ................................................................... 16
ratificirebis valdebuleba ........................................................................................ 17
adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis ganviTarebis procesi ......................................... 18
adamianis uflebaTa regionuli konvenciebi ............................................................ 19
evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa dacvis meqanizmebi ....................................... 19
2. ras warmoadgens bavSvis uflebebi?......................................................................... 21
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi Camoyalibebuli ZiriTadi principebi ............. 22
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ganxorcielebis monitoringi .............................. 23
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis propagandireba ......................................................... 23
II. ra aris ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa

sferoSi? .................................................................................................................................. 25
1. adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis SemoReba............................................ 25
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi bavSvebisTvis ........................................ 25
codna, unar-Cvevebi da damokidebuleba .................................................................... 26
meTodologia adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi...................................... 27
araformaluri ganaTleba .............................................................................................. 28
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis CarTva bavSvebTan
muSaobis procesSi ........................................................................................................................... 28
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba................................... 29
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi da ganaTlebis sxva sferoebi ........... 29
2. ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi saerTaSoriso konteqstSi ............ 30
gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia............................................................................. 31
iunesko ................................................................................................................................. 31
iunisefi ............................................................................................................................... 32
evropis sabWo...................................................................................................................... 32
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi ...................................................................................... 33
3
III. rogor gamoviyenoT `kompasito~ ................................................... 37
`kompasitos~ gamoyenebis sawyisi etapi ...................................................................... 37
`kompasitos~ mizani .......................................................................................................... 37
swavla gamocdilebis safuZvelze ............................................................................... 38
gamocdilebis SeZena......................................................................................................... 38
ganxilva ................................................................................................................................ 39
gaazreba................................................................................................................................ 39
ganzogadeba ......................................................................................................................... 39
gamoyeneba ............................................................................................................................ 39
wamyvanis mier gaweuli daxmareba ................................................................................. 40
azrovnebis da swavlis sxvadasxva stili ................................................................... 40
rogoria Tqveni fiqris stili? ..................................................................................... 41
romelia swavlis TqvenTvis sayvareli an mTavari stili? ................................... 41
bavSvebis ganviTarebis doneebi .................................................................................... 42
ras warmoadgens `kompasitos~ praqtikuli savarjiSo?........................................ 43
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia rogorc safuZveli .................................................... 45
praqtikul savarjiSoTa SerCeva .................................................................................. 46
praqtikul savarjiSoTa adaptireba ........................................................................... 47
rCevebi monawileobis xelSewyobis mizniT ................................................................ 48
rCevebi wamyvans .................................................................................................................. 48
savarjiSoebi yinulis galRobis, ganwyobis Seqmnis
da stimulis micemis mizniT .......................................................................................................... 48
ènerjaizerebi~ ................................................................................................................. 49
Sefasebisa da gaazrebis SesaZleblobebi .................................................................. 50
konfliqtebis marTva ....................................................................................................... 50
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis praqtikuli gamoyeneba .................... 51
IV. praqtikuli savarjiSoebi ...................................................................... 52

praqtikul savarjiSoTa CamonaTvali ........................................................................ 52
1. adamianis uflebaTa kalendari ................................................................................. 54
2. adamianis uflebaTa reklamireba ............................................................................. 58
3. adamianis uflebebi axal ambebSi .............................................................................. 61
4. biWebi ar tirian! ............................................................................................................ 63
5. brZola forToxlisTvis ............................................................................................. 66
6. gadadgi nabiji win ......................................................................................................... 68
7. gemiT mgzavroba axali kontinentisken .................................................................. 74
8. daipyari cixe-simagre .................................................................................................. 81
9. damkvirveblis nacvlad – damxmare .......................................................................... 84
10. vin unda miiRos gadawyvetileba? ........................................................................... 86
11. zabderfilio ................................................................................................................ 90
12. zRapars Tojinebi yvebian ......................................................................................... 94
13. TamaSebi suraTebiT .................................................................................................... 96
13a. suraTis nawili ........................................................................................................... 96
13b. suraTis titrebi ....................................................................................................... 97
13g. laparakoben personaJebi ........................................................................................ 98
14. Tanamedrove zRapari ................................................................................................. 99
15. Tvalaxveuli ................................................................................................................. 104
16. TiToeul xmas mniSvneloba aqvs .............................................................................. 107
17. iyo da ara iyo ra... ....................................................................................................... 112
18. `kompasitos~ reportiori ........................................................................................ 117
19. konstitucia Cveni jgufisTvis .............................................................................. 120
20. kurdRlis uflebebi................................................................................................... 124
4
21. msoflios bavSvTa sazafxulo banaki .................................................................... 126
22. ra iqneba ......................................................................................................................... 130
23. ra mSvenieria samyaro ................................................................................................. 135
24. risi keTeba momwons da ras vakeTeb ....................................................................... 138
25. rogor aviciloT Zaladoba...................................................................................... 140
26. sabrZolo mzadyofna.................................................................................................. 142
27. samagido TamaSebi ....................................................................................................... 147
27. a. iciT Tu ara Tqveni uflebebi? ............................................................................ 147
27. b mokSa-patamu............................................................................................................... 154
28. sityvebi, romlebic guls gvtkens.......................................................................... 159
29. umniSvnelovanesi visTvis? ....................................................................................... 162
30. uflebebis moniSvna rukaze ...................................................................................... 166
31. uflebebis moZravi konstruqcia ........................................................................... 169
32. uxmo diqtori ............................................................................................................... 173
33. fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis magaliTebi ................................................. 176
34. Rormucela .................................................................................................................... 180
35. Sen ra azris xar? .......................................................................................................... 184
36. codnis moculoba ....................................................................................................... 187
37. Zvirfasi dRiuri .......................................................................................................... 190
38. wylis wveTebi ................................................................................................................ 194
39. Cven erTi ojaxi varT .................................................................................................. 198
40. visi suraTi maqvs zurgze dakruli? ..................................................................... 200
V. Temebi .................................................................................................................................... 202

1. moqalaqeoba .................................................................................................................... 202
2. demokratia ...................................................................................................................... 208
3. diskriminacia ................................................................................................................. 214
4. swavla da Tavisufali dro......................................................................................... 221
5. garemo ............................................................................................................................... 226
6. ojaxi da alternatiuli mzrunveloba ................................................................... 230
7. genderuli Tanasworoba ............................................................................................. 235
8. janmrTelobis dacva da socialuri uzrunvelyofa ......................................... 241
9. media da interneti ........................................................................................................ 247
10. monawileoba .................................................................................................................. 252
11. mSvidoba ......................................................................................................................... 259
12. siRaribe da socialuri gariyva .............................................................................. 265
13. Zaladoba ........................................................................................................................ 270
VI. danarTebi ....................................................................................................................... 278

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia
(bavSvebisTvis adaptirebuli versia).......................................................................... 278
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia .......................................................... 280
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia........................................................................................... 288
adamianis uflebebis sityvari ....................................................................................... 299
sasargeblo wyaroebi........................................................................................................ 303
adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso instrumentebis
ratificirebis mdgomareoba ........................................................................................................ 305
5
madlobebi
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo ramdenime eqspertis da praqtikosis muSaobis Sedegia.
gansakuTrebuli wvlili miuZRvis nensi flauerss, romelmac naSroms Tanmimdevrulo-
ba, profesonalizmi da suli STabera.
madlobas movaxsenebT anet Snaiders saxelmZRvanelos saswavlo nawilis xarisxSi
Setanili profesiuli wvlilisTvis.
sgangebo madloba rui gomess, `kompasi - saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa
ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT~ redaqtors, romelic warmoadgenda
`kompasis~ koncefciis gagrZelebas, monawileobas iRebda winamdebare saxelmZRvane-
los ideis daxvewaSi da wignis momzadebis mTeli procesis ganmavlobaSi fasdaudebel
rCevebsa da kritikul SeniSvnebs iZleoda.
bavSvebisTvis aseTi saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnis mniSvnelobasa da SesaZleblobaSi lora
de vitem dagvarwmuna, swored man moifiqra wignis saTauri da mogvawoda SeniSvnebi aq-
tivobebTan dakavSirebiT.
madlobas movaxsenebT katalin kerCs, merit ulviksa da jiri tomkalas saxelmZRvane-
los Sinaarsis mofiqrebaSi maTi monawileobisTvis wignis SemoqmedebiTi gundis wevre-
bis saxiT.
madloba airis bouidamans da nadin liamuri-bajas saxelmZRvaneloSi Semaval praq-
tikul savarjiSoebTan dakavSirebiT maTi komentarebisTvis, maT SedgenaSi monawileo-
bisa da saswavlo nawilSi daxmarebisTvis.
saxelmZRvaneloSi Semavali praqtikuli savarjiSoebi gamocdili iqna ramdenime
Zalzed dainteresebuli kolegis mier. eseni iyvnen burku meltem ariki, paola bortini,
mario dagostino, gabriel kespa, karolin gebara, mara georgesku, ilona hudaki, giorgi
kikaliSvili, saSo koCanovski, ana leCovska, anabela moreira, bijana temelkova da anne
Timani.
madlobas movaxsenebT, agreTve:

* yvela im adamians, vinc monawileobda pirvel sakonsultacio SexvedraSi `kompa-
sitosTan~ dakavSirebiT 2005 wlis noemberSi, maTi muSaobisTvis saxelmZRvanelos kon-
cefciaze;
* tamara kafkovas, nikoleta dumitrus da ali oktai koqs, EYCB-is staJiorebs
saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnis procesSi, maTi muSaobisTvis literaturisa da sasargeblo
wyaroebis Sekrebasa da Semowmebaze;
* antie roTmunds, aniko kaposvaris da eva b. nagis maTi sasargeblo SeniSvnebisa da
winadadebebisTvis;
* kolegebs evropis sabWos sxvadasxva qvedanayofebidan:
* deivid qrous, adamianis uflebaTa generaluri direqtoratidan, da
* olaf olafsdotirs, skolis klasgareSe da umaRlesi ganaTlebis direqtorati-
dan, maTi saeqsperto daskvnebisTvis;
* elda morenos, programis `vaSenoT evropa bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan erTad~
mdivans, saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnis procesSi motivaciisa da daxmarebisTvis;
* gabriela tisas, EYCB-is TanamSromels informaciis sakiTxebSi, romlis erTgu-
li muSaobis gareSe interaqtiuli sakomunikacio procesi ar Sedgeboda;
* reiCel eflbis, imisTvis, rom bevrad meti gaakeTa saxelmZRvanelosTvis, vidre
koreqturaa;
* deniel horvaTs da daiana negis maTi SemoqmedebiTi da moqnili midgomisTvis
saxelmZRvanelos dizainisa da ilustraciebis Seqmnis procesSi.
bodiSs vixdiT, Tu vinme gamogvrCa da vwuxvarT, rom ver gamoviyeneT yvela miRebuli
masala da winadadeba.
6
winasityvaoba
demokratiul samyaroSi cxovrebis SesaZlebloba TavisTavad ar modis. demokra-
tiul samyaroSi cxovrebis winapirobebis – codnis, unar-Cvevebisa da faseulobebis
– swavla da aRzrda mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSia saWiro. bavSvebma unda SeiTvison
demokratiisa da adamianis uflebebis ZiriTadi ideebi, magram iseTi faseulobebis
swavleba, rogoric aris Rirseba, Semwynarebloba da sxva adamianebis pativiscema, aseve
iseTi unar-Cvevebis gadacema, rogoric aris TanamSromloba, kritikuli azrovneba da
adamianis uflebebis dacva, ver iswavleba tradiciuli gzebiT. adamianma isini unda is-
wavlos gamocdilebisa da praqtikis wyalobiT, demokratiul garemoSi cxovrebiTa da
moqmedebiT da maqsimalurad adreuli asakidan. swored amas exeba ganaTleba adamianis
uflebaTa sferoSi da am miznis misaRwevad aris gankuTvnili `kompasito~ - saxelmZR-
vanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi bavSvebisTvis.
evropis sabWos mier aRebuli valdebuleba – daicvas adamianis uflebebi – misi
daarsebidan momdinareobs. iseT evropas, romlis aSenebac Cven gvinda, romelic mSvi-
dobisa da adamianis uflebebis kulturas emyareba, miviRebT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
am procesSi yvela aqtiurad CaerTveba.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis miRebis Semdeg bavSvebTan muSaobis paradigmaSi funda-
menturi cvlileba moxda – es aris bavSvebis ufleba, moxdes maTTan konsultireba da
maTi azris gaTvaliswineba maTTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas. Tumca
bavSvebis monawileoba am procesebSi SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ufrosebi
bavSvebs aRiqvamen partniorebad im sakiTxebSi, romlebic bavSvebs exeba. magram amis re-
alobad qceva da amiT bavSvebis Rirsebis dacva namdvili gamowvevaa ufrosebisTvis da is
meTodebi, romlebiTac zrdasruli adamianebi ekidebian bavSvebs, asaxavs imas, Tu rogo-
ri momavali esaxeba sazogadoebas. adamianis uflebebi da ganaTleba adamianis uflebeb-
is sferoSi Cveulebrivi saswavlo procesia, romelic aramarto bavSvebs, aramed ufros
adamianebsac exeba.
evropis sabWom wamoiwyo proeqti àvaSenoT evropa bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan er-
Tad~, raTa evropis masStabiT yuradReba miepyro bavSvebis Rirsebis sakiTxis mimarT
pativiscemisTvis, raTa xeli Seewyo bavSvTa uflebebis xorcSesxmisa da bavSvebis mi-
marT Zaladobis aRmofxvrisTvis. bavSvebis monawileobas arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba
orive zemoxsenebuli sakiTxisTvis. am procesSi mniSvnelovani roli unda Seasrulos
`kompasitom~. evropis sabWos axalgazrduli seqtoris adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ax-
algazrdebisTvis ganaTlebis Zalze warmatebuli programis gamocdilebaze da aseve
`kompasis~ – saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis
monawileobiT _ warmatebaze dayrdnobiT `kompasito~ bavSvebs, ganaTlebis sferos mu-
Sakebs, maswavleblebsa da mSoblebs sTavazobs aqtivobebsa da meTodebs bavSvebisTvis
adamianis uflebebis SemoqmedebiTi da mimzidveli gzebiT gasacnobad. es saxelmZRvane-
lo sawyisi wertilia: `kompasito~ saxavs mimarTulebebs, magram bavSvebze da maTTan mo-
muSave adamianebzea damokidebuli misi gamoyeneba saukeTeso saxiT.
swored sakuTari uflebebis codna aZlevs bavSvebs SesaZleblobas, ganacxadon Zala-
dobisa da Seuracxyofis Sesaxeb da uaryon amgvari faqtebi; swored adamianis uflebebis
dacvis mcdeloba aZlevs bavSvebs SesaZleblobas, TavianTi wvlili Seitanon ukeTesi –
rogorc dRevandeli, ise xvalindeli _ msoflios mSeneblobaSi, da swored bavSvebTan
adamianis uflebebze muSaoba xdis ufrosebs ufro saimedoebs bavSvebis TvalSi.
es saxelmZRvanelo fasdaudebel wvlils Seitans bavSvebis daxmarebis saqmeSi da ev-
ropis masStabiT bavSvTa uflebebis damkvidrebaSi.
mo de boer-bukikio
evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis moadgile
7
8
Sesavali
monawile saxelmwifoebi eTanaxmebian imas, rom bavSvis ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos
a) bavSvis pirovnebis, niWis, gonebrivi da fizikuri unarebis sruli ganviTarebisken; b) bavSvisT-
vis adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebisadmi ... pativiscemis gaRvivebisken ...
muxli 29, bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 1989w.
mogesalmebaT `kompasito~ - saxelmZRvanelo adamianis

uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi bavSvebisTvis!
imedi gvaqvs, rom es saxelmZRvanelo mogawvdiT ideebs, STagonebas da praqtikul daxmarebas
imisTvis, rom gamoikvlioT da SeiswavloT adamianis uflebebi bavSvebTan erTad. bavSvebi,
romlebic sxva adamianebs Soris cxovroben TavianT ojaxebSi, Temebsa da sazogadoebaSi, Zalze
adreuli asakidan xvdebian samarTlianobasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs da samyaros arsis gagebas
cdiloben. adamianis uflebebis gagebis xelSewyobiT,
lSewyobiT, Sexedulebebisa da damokidebulebis
CamoyalibebiT ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa
sferoSi mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels am
bavSvebi Zlieri, sulierad mdidari da sxvadasxva
bunebrivi interesis dakmayofilebas da unariT Semkulni arian. yvela bavSvSi arsebobs mzaoba,
swavlis process. potenciali, cnobismoyvareoba da interesi sakuTari
bavSvebs xSirad miiCneven adamianebad, swavlis struqturirebis mimarT, aseve yvelaferi imis
romlebic `jer ar arian zrdasrulni~ gadalaxvis wadili, rasac maT garemo SesTavazebs.
da, Sesabamisad, arian damokidebulni, loris malaguzi
gamoucdelni, udisciplinoni da maT
mimarTulebis micema an xelmZRvaneloba
esaWiroebaT. `kompasito~ sxva koncefcias emyareba
reba – koncefcias, romelic SesaniSnavad ganmarta
germanelma sociologma da pedagogma-Teoretikosma loTar krapmanma: bavSvebi cxovroben àq
da amJamad~, ìsini ayalibeben sakuTar Sexedulebebs problemebTan dakavSirebiT da problemaTa
kompetentur gadawyvetas pouloben~1. `kompasito~ bavSvebs miiCnevs dRevandel axalgazrda
moqalaqeebad da adamianebad, romlebsac aqvT uflebebi da romlebmac bevri ram ician maT
cxovrebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. saxelmZRvanelo eyrdnoba bavSvebis motivaciebs,
gamocdilebebsa da problemaTa gadawyvetis Ziebas.
`kompasitos~ Seqmnis ideas safuZvlad daedo `kompasi~ - saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa
ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT, romelic evropis sabWom 2002 wels SeimuSava.
`kompass~ Zalze xSirad iyeneben saSualo skolis asakis axalgazrdebTan samuSaod evropis bevri
qveynis skolebSi. `kompasis~ momxmarebelTa molodini – Seqmniliyo saswavlo saxelmZRvanelo
sgangebod bavSvebisTvis _ daemTxva Cvens Sexedulebas, rom ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa
sferoSi rac SeiZleba adreuli asakidan unda daiwyos.
`kompasito~ `kompasis~ koncefcias da sganmanaTleblo midgomebs emyareba. iseve, rogorc
`kompasis~ SemTxvevaSi, igi iyenebs araformalur saswavlo meTodologias da struqturas,
romelic saxelmZRvanelos momxmarebels Teoriul da praqtikul daxmarebas sTavazobs.
magram maSin, roca `kompasi~ uSualod axalgazrdebisTvis aris gankuTvnili, `kompasitos~
mkiTxvelebi ufrosi asakis adamianebi arian, isini, vinc bavSvebTan muSaobs. saxelmZRvanelo
awvdis maT Teoriul da meTodologiur informacias, masSi mocemulia safuZvliani diskusiebi
wignSi ganxilul, adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebul Temebze. `kompasito~ aseve sTavazobs
meTodistebs masalis adaptirebas maTi sakuTari da maTi bavSvebis realobis asaxvis mizniT.
marTalia, praqtikuli aqtivobebi bavSvebTan saTamaSod aris gankuTvnili, magram maTi umetesoba
saWiroebs ganaTlebis sferos eqspertis mxridan saTanado xelmZRvanelobas.
ras niSnavs ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi

bavSvebisTvis?
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi aris procesi, romelic miznad isaxavs adamianis
uflebaTa kulturis damkvidrebas. saswavlo procesi emyareba bavSvebis aqtiur monawileobas,
romlis meSveobiT isini swavloben adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb da igeben adamianis uflebebTan
dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, iZenen unar-Cvevebs da SesaZleblobas, raTa SeZlon daicvan adamianis
uflebebi da gamoumuSavdeT Tanasworobisa da Rirsebis mimarT pativiscemis grZnoba.
amitom ganaTlebas adamianis uflebebis sferoSi wamyvani roli unda ekavos nebismier
9
sganmanaTleblo procesSi. gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis `bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia~
SesaniSnavi saSualebaa bavSvebisTvis adamianis uflebaTa gasacnobad. bavSvis uflebaTa
konvenciaSi gansazRvrulia adamianis is uflebebi, romlebic bavSvebs exeba. bavSvis uflebaTa
swavla da gamocda exmareba bavSvebs imis gagebaSi, Tu ra udevs safuZvlad adamianis uflebebs,
aseve imis gaTviTcnobierebaSi, rom maT Tavad aqvT es uflebebi, da am uflebebis misadagebaSi
sakuTar realobasTan da maT gamoyenebaSi. es aris adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi bavSvebisTvis
ganaTlebis umTavresi mizani. garda amisa, `kompasitoSi~ bavSvis uflebebi warmodgenilia
zogadad adamianis uflebebis ufro farTo konteqstSi. adamianis sayovelTao uflebebi
da bavSvis uflebebi erToblivad muSavdeba, raTa bavSvebs mieceT SesaZlebloba, sakuTari
uflebebis gagebasTan erTad isic gaigon, rom adamianis uflebebi yvela adamians aqvs.
monawile saxelmwifoebi eTanaxmebian imas, rom bavSvis ganaTleba mimarTuli unda

iyos d) Tavisufal sazogadoebaSi urTierTgagebis, mSvidobis, Semwynareblobis,
qalisa da mamakacis, yvela xalxis, eTnikuri, erovnuli da religiuri jgufebis, maT
Soris mkvidri mosaxleobis warmomadgenelTa mimarT Tanasworobisa da megobrobis
suliskveTebiT bavSvis Segnebuli cxovrebisTvis momzadebisken ...
muxli 29, bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 1989w.
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi da ganaTleba

demokratiuli moqalaqeobisTvis
adamianis uflebebs arsebiTi roli eniWeba demokratiuli ganviTarebisTvis da moqalqeobasTan
dakavSirebuli ganaTlebisTvis. rogorc evropaSi, ise msoflios sxva nawilebSi am bolo dros
ganviTarebuli socialuri da politikuri movlenebi, ekonomikuri urTierTdamokidebuleba,
rasizmi, terorizmi, politikuri apaTia da mzardi socialuri uTanasworoba safrTxes uqmnis
mSvidobisa da adamianis uflebebis kulturas da, Sesabamisad, demokratiul stabilurobas.
swored amitom gaxda bolo aTwleulSi ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi da ganaTleba
demokratiuli moqalaqeobisTvis mTavrobebisa da, kidev ufro metad, arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis mniSvnelovani prioreteti.
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi da ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisTvis Zalze
axloa erTmaneTTan, vinaidan orives mizania ganaTleba demokratiis dasamyareblad. es orive
saxis ganaTleba xelmZRvanelobs axalgazrdebs imaSi, rom miiRon codna, Camoiyalibon ZiriTadi
faseulobebi da ganaviTaron sakuTari unar-Cvevebi. ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisTvis
koncentrirebulia `bavSv moqalaqeze~ da miznad isaxavs bavSvebisTvis imis swavlebas, Tu rogor
unda gaxdnen sakuTari Temis aqtiuri da pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse wevrebi, xolo ganaTleba
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi yuradRebas amaxvilebs Tavad adamianebze da yvela adamianis
Tanasworobaze, Rirsebaze, monawileobasa da uflebebiT aRWurvaze. ganaTleba adamianis
uflebaTa sferoSi erT-erT ZiriTad Temad moqalaqeobis aRzrdasac moicavs, xolo ganaTleba
demokratiuli moqalaqeobisTvis adamianis uflebaTa faseulobebs emyareba. miuxedavad maT
Soris arsebuli gansxvavebebisa, orive midgoma emsaxureba demokratias, adamianis uflebebsa da
mSvidobas.
visTvis aris gankuTvnili `kompasito~?
`kompasito~ upirveles yovlisa gankuTvnilia ganaTlebis sferos im muSakebisa da meTodist-

instruqtorebisTvis, romlebic bavSvebTan muSaoben, aseve maswavleblebisTvis, mzrunvelebisa
da mSoblebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki maTTvis, vinc dainteresebulia bavSvebisTvis adamianis
uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis micemiT da vinc eZebs praqtikul meTodur saSualebebs bavSvebTan
erTad faseulobebisa da socialuri sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad. saxelmZRvaneloSi asaxuli
praqtikuli savarjiSoebi gamiznulia eqvsidan cameti wlis asakamde bavSvebisTvis.
`kompasito~ eyrdnoba rogorc bavSvis, ise pedagogis codnas da gamocdilebas. aqtivobebi
bavSvebs im adgilebSi SeiZleba CautardeT, sadac isini yoveldRiuri cxovrebis umetes nawils
atareben: skolebSi, bavSvTa mzrunvelobis centrebSi, gaxangrZlivebul skolebSi, dasasvenebel
centrebSi, sabavSvo organizaciebSi an banakebSi, zogierTi ki ojaxur garemoSic. bavSvebs ar
sWirdebaT raime specialuri unar-Cvevebi savarjiSoTa umetesobaSi monawileobisTvis, magram
savarjiSoTa warmatebiT gasaZRolad wamyvanebs unda hqondeT gamocdileba da unar-Cvevebi
araformaluri sasawavlo meTodologiis gamoyenebaSi.
10
ras moicavs `kompasito~?
ukanasknel aTwleulSi evropaSi da saerTaSoriso masStabiT Seiqmna bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli
ramdenime maRalxarisxiani saswavlo-meToduri saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebebisa da bavSvTa
uflebebis sferoSi. `kompasitos~ Semqmnelma gundma gamoiyena es gamocdileba da Seecada
ganevrco is evropuli konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT. saxelmZRvanelo gvTavazobs adamianis
uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi konkretul programas, araformalur saswavlo meTodologiasa
da kulturaTaSoris midgomas.
adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli Temebi
`kompasitos~ safuZvlad igive filosofiuri da saswavlo midgomebi udevs, rac `kompass~.

zogierTi nawili, gansakuTrebiT isini, romlebic konceftualur Temebs exeba, pirdapir
`kompasis~ teqstidan aris gadmotanili. saxelmZRvanelos ZiriTad nawils Seadgens bavSvebisTvis
SemuSavebuli saswavlo aqtivobebi. aqtivobebi `kompasitoSi~ mocemulia cameti SerCeuli Temis
garSemo. es Temebia: moqalaqeoba, demokratia, diskriminacia, ganaTleba da Tavisufali dro, garemo,
ojaxi da alternatiuli zrunva, genderuli Tanasworoba, janmrTelobis dacva da socialuri
keTildReoba, media da interneti, monawileoba, mSvidoba da konfliqtebi, siRaribe da socialuri
gariyva, Zaladoba. imisTvis, rom adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ufro daaaxloon
yoveldRiur realobas da bavSvebis pirad gamocdilebas, es Temebi koncentrirebulia ufro
faseulobebsa da socialur sakiTxebze da ara oficialur uflebebze konvenciebSi Camoyalibebuli
saxiT. saxelmZRvanelos Semqmnelma gundma isini saguldagulod SearCia aTeulobiT ideidan
da darwmunebulia, rom es Temebi moicavs adamianis uflebebis yvela im sferos, romlebic
bavSvebisTvis aris arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone, imisda miuxedavad, rom am saxelmZRvanelos ara
aqvs yvela mniSvnelovan sakiTxze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis SesaZlebloba. zogierTi Tema exeba iseT
mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, romlebzec iSviaTad aris saubari sxva saxelmZRvaneloebSi, rogoric aris
ganaTleba, janmrTelobis dacva an genderuli Tanasworoba. SerCeuli Temebis garda warmodgenilia
adamianis zogad uflebaTa kategoriac, raTa bavSvebs SeeqmnaT warmodgena uflebaTa arsis Sesaxeb,
aseve imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda miusadagon isini TavianT yoveldRiur cxovrebas da rogor
gamoiyenon.
araformaluri swavlebis meTodologia
`kompasitoSi~ gamoyenebulia araformaluri saswavlo meTodologiebi, romlebsac safuZvlad

udevs bavSvebis aqtiuri monawileoba da piradi gamocdilebebi. bavSvebis monawileoba da
TanamSromloba xels uwyobs jgufis Serwymas da amcirebs winaswar Camoyalibebul negatiur
ganwyobas jgufis wevrebs Soris, exmareba rTuli cnebebis aRqmaSi, aumjobesebs problemebis
mogvarebis unar-Cvevebsa da xels uwyobs SemoqmedebiT midgomas da praqtikul gamoyenebas: es
yvelaferi adamianis uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebis mniSvnelovani amocanebia. ufrosebma Tavi
unda daaRwion Secdomas da ar unda ifiqron, rom Cven, ganaTlebis sferos muSakebi, saboloo
WeSmaritebas vflobT. bavSvebi saswavlo procesSi Seitanen sakuTar gamocdilebas, romelzec
saWiroa aqtiurad dayrdnoba, raTa uzrunvelvyoT bavSvebis mxridan interesi da maTi qmediTi
ganviTareba. kiTxvebs da konfliqtur situaciebsac ki unda movekidoT ise, rogorc mniSvnelovan
saswavlo resursebs, romelTa Sefaseba SesaZlebelia pozitiuri gziT.
kulturaTaSorisi da monawileobaze damyarebuli midgoma
Tumca bavSvebi Zalze Cafluli arian sakuTar samezoblo wreSi, kulturasa da samegobro
jgufebSi, maT did interess gvris samyaro: sxva kulturebi, regionebi da xalxebi. `kompasito~
moicavs ambebsa da situaciebs sxvadasxva regionidan da kulturuli garemodan. mdidari
mravalferovneba bavSvebs saSualebas aZlevs, dafiqrdnen sxvadasxva kulturis Sesaxeb da am
fiqrebze dayrdnobiT Camoiyalibon mdgradi TviTSegneba. rogorc ganaTlebis britaneli muSaki
reva kleini ganmartavs, bavSvebi ara mxolod igeben sxva bavSvebis cxovrebis Sesaxeb, aramed
isini amJRavneben TanagrZnobas da solidarobas da aTviTcnobiereben sakuTar rols msoflio
masStabiT moqmedebis saWiroebaSi.2
`kompasito~ xels uwyobs aseT midgomas kulturaTaSorisi da moculobiTi ganviTarebis
procesis meSveobiT. 2005 wlis bolos uSualod bavSvebTan momuSave praqtikosTa sakonsultacio
Sexvedraze gamoikveTa saxelmZRvanelos koncefcia, romelsac zedmiwevniT daeyrdno
saxelmZRvanelos Semqmneli saerTaSoriso gundi. es gundi Seikriba Ria konkursis Sedegad.
saerTaSoriso gundma miiCnia, rom aucilebelia `kompasitos~ Seqmna potenciur momxmareblebTan
11
da Tavad bavSvebTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT. am mizniT Seiqmna praqtikosTa saerTaSoriso
sakonsultacio jgufi, romelTanac tardeboda konsultaciebi saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnis
procesSi. am sakonsultacio jgufma gamoscada da Seafasa is aqtivobebi, romelTa CarTva
SemoTavazebuli iyo `kompasitoSi~, da warmoadgina SeniSvnebi Teoriul nawilTan dakavSirebiT.
`kompasitos~ struqtura
Tavi I. acnobs mkiTxvels, ras vgulisxmobT adamianis da bavSvis uflebebSi da aRwers adamianis
uflebaTa ZiriTad saerTaSoriso meqanizmebs.
Tavi II. ganmartavs adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis miznebsa da Sedegebs da akavSirebs
rogorc evropul, ise saerTaSoriso perspeqtivebTan.
Tavi III. iZleva informacias da praqtikul rCevebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor SeiZleba
`kompasitos~ gamoyeneba sxvadasxva formalur da araoformalur saswavlo garemoSi, aseve
imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra gzebiT aris SesaZlebeli saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli saswavlo midgomebis
saukeTeso saxiT gamoyeneba. rCevebi wamyvanebisTvis iZleva ideebs imis Taobaze, Tu rogor
unda daviwyoT da gavagrZeloT adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli aqtivobebis Catareba
bavSvebisTvis, maT Soris saxavs konkretul qmedebebs.
Tavi IV. am TavSi mocemulia 40 praqtikuli savarjiSo sxvadasxva asakobrivi jgufisTvis da
sirTulis sxvadasxva donis mixedviT. es savarjiSoebi exeba SerCeul Temebs adamianis uflebebis
sferoSi. bavSvebs ar sWirdebaT raime specialuri unar-Cvevebi imisTvis, rom monawileoba miiRon
`kompasitoSi~ mocemul savarjiSoTa umetesobaSi. saxelmZRvanelos momxmareblebs vTavazobT
savarjiSoebis SemoqmedebiTi saxiT gamoyenebas an Tanmimdevrulad, an saTiTaod.
Tavi V. iZleva mniSvnelovan zogad informacias camet SerCeul TemasTan dakavSirebiT.
wamyvanebs movuwodebT, savarjiSos dawyebamde waikiTxon Sesabamisi Temebis Sesaxeb. am
teqstebSi mocemuli kiTxvebis mizania mkiTxvelisTvis daxmarebis gaweva sakuTari codnisa da
damokidebulebis Sesaxeb dafiqrebaSi da Temebis pirad an adgilobriv konteqstSi gadatanaSi.
danarTebSi mocemulia ZiriTadi informacia im samarTlebrivi dokumentebis Sesaxeb,
romlebic yvelaze metad sainteresoa bavSvebisTvis evropul konteqstSi. bavSvebisTvis
adaptirebul formatSia mocemuli, agreTve, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia, adamianis
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia da gaero-s bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia. adamianis uflebaTa
sityvarSi mocemulia saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebul ZiriTad iuridiul terminTa ganmartebebi.
sityvarSi miTiTebuli terminebi `kompasitoSi~ gamoyofili saxiT gvxvdeba.
`kompasito~ adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi

axalgazrduli programis farglebSi
`kompasito~ evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis da kulturaTaSorisi
dialogis axalgazrduli programis farglebSi gamoqveynda. programis mizania ufro meti
axalgazrdis aqtiurad CarTva adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi da maTi
motivireba, xma miawvdinon sazogadoebis ufro farTo nawils da adamianis uflebebi maTi
yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawilad aqcion. programa, romlis ganxorcieleba 2000 wels daiwyo,
aTasobiT axalgazrdaze gavrcelda da mis Sedegad mTels evropaSi adamianis uflebaTa
sferoSi mravali saswavlo programa da proeqti SemuSavda. evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa
sferoSi ganaTlebis da kulturaTaSorisi dialogis axalgazrduli programis mniSvnelovani
sganmanaTleblo resursia `kompasi~ - axalgazrdebisTvis adamianis uflebebis swavlebis
saxelmZRvanelo, romelic, 2002 wels gamoqveynebis Semdeg, 20-ze met sxvadasxva enaze iTargmna.
am Zalze warmatebulma saxelmZRvanelom ganapiroba axalgazrdebisa da maTi organizaciebis
motivireba da xelmZRvanelobas uwevda maT iseT sakiTxebze msjelobasa da muSaobaSi, rogorebic
aris demokratia, socialuri samarTlianoba da genderuli Tanasworoba.
evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis da kulturaTaSorisi dialogis
axalgazrduli programa asaxavs da mxars uWers gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis
msoflio programas (mimdinareobs 2005 wlidan). msoflio masStabis es programa miznad
isaxavs, xeli Seuwyos adamianis uflebebis xorcSesxmas TiToeul TemSi ZiriTadi principebis
saerTo gaTviTcnobierebisa da adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis meTodologiebis
damkvidrebis meSveobiT. msoflio programis 2005-2007 wlebisTvis gankuTvnili samoqmedo
gegma koncentrirebulia dawyebiT da saSualo saskolo sistemebze da gvTavazobs konkretul
strategias da praqtikul ideebs erovnuli masStabiT adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis
dasamkvidreblad.
12
---------------------
sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Gandini, Lella, Edward, Carolyn, Forman, George, eds., The Hundred Languages of Children: The Reg-
gio Emilia Approach Advanced Reflections: Ablex/Greenwood, 1998.
* Kein, Reva, Citizens by Right, Citizenship education in primary schools: Trentham Books and Save the
Children, 2001.
* Krappmann, Lothar, The Rights of the Child as a Challenge to Human Rights Education” in Journal of
Social Science Education: Bielefeld, 2006:
www.jsse.org/2006-1/krappmann_child-rights.htm
------------------------
gamoyenebuli literatura
1 Krappmann, Lothar, The Rights of the Child as a Challenge to Human Rights Education’ in Journal of
Social Science Education: Bielefeld, 2006: www.jsse.org/2006-1/krappmann_child-rights.htm
2 Kein, Reva, Citizens by Right, Citizenship education in primary schools: Trentham Books and Save the
Children, 2001, p. 53.
13
14
I. gaecaniT adamianis uflebebs
adamianTa ojaxis yvela wevrisTvis Tandayolili Rirsebisa da Tanaswori da ganuyofeli
uflebebis aRiareba msoflioSi warmoadgens Tavisuflebis, samarTlianobisa da sayovelTao
mSvidobis safuZvels.
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, preambula
1. ras warmoadgens adamianis uflebebi?

* adamianis uflebebi yvela adamians Tanasworad, sayovelTaod da samudamod ekuTvnis.
* adamianis uflebebi sayovelTaoa: isini yovelTvis da yvelgan mTels msoflioSi erTi
da igivea yvela adamianisTvis. adamianis uflebebi Tqven imitom ki ar gaqvT, rom romelime
qveynis moqalaqe xarT, aramed imitom, rom adamianTa ojaxis wevri xarT. es niSnavs, rom adamianis
uflebebi zrdasrul adamianebTan erTad bavSvebsac aqvT.
* adamianis uflebebi xelSeuvalia: Tqven ver dakargavT am uflebebs, iseve rogorc ver
SewyvetT adamianad yofnas.
* adamianis uflebebi ganuyofelia: veravin wagarTmevT uflebas imis gamo, rom is
`naklebadmniSvnelovania~ an ùmniSvneloa~.
* adamianis uflebebi urTierTdamokidebulia: adamianis uflebebi erToblivad qmnis
urTierTdamxmare sistemas. magaliTad, Tqveni SesaZlebloba, monawileoba miiRoT adgilobriv
doneze gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi, uSualo kavSirSia Tqvens uflebasTan, gamoxatoT
Tqveni Sexedulebebi, SeqmnaT kavSirebi sxva adamianebTan, miiRoT ganaTleba da moipovoT
pirveladi saWiroebis sagnebic ki.
* adamianis uflebebi asaxavs adamianis ZiriTad saWiroebebs. isini qmnis ZiriTad standartebs,
romelTa gareSe adamianebi ver icxovreben Rirseulad. adamianis uflebebis Selaxva niSnavs,
adamians moepyro ise, TiTqos is ar iyos adamiani. adamianis uflebebis propagandireba niSnavs
yvela adamianis Rirsebis mimarT pativiscemis moTxovnas.
* adamianis uflebebis moTxovnisas yvela adamiani pasuxismgeblobasac kisrulobs: pativi
sces sxvaTa uflebebs da daicvas is adamianebi, romelTa uflebebi irRveva an ugulebelyofilia,
da daexmaros maT. am pasuxismgeblobis Sesruleba niSnavs yvela sxva adamianTan solidarobis
gamocxadebas.
meoce saukunis adamianis uflebaTa winamorbedni
bevri adamiani adamianis uflebaTa samarTlis ganviTarebas meoce saukunis erT-erT udides
miRwevad miiCnevs. magram adamianis uflebebze zrunva kanonmdeblobis SeqmniT an gaero-s mier
ar dawyebula. kacobriobis istoriis manZilze sazogadoebebma Seqmnes marTlmsajulebisa da
zneobis sistemebi, romelTa mizani zogadad sazogadoebis keTildReoba iyo. marTlmsajulebis,
samarTlianobisa da humanurobis cnebebi saerToa msoflios yvela religiisTvis: budizmis,
qristianobis, konfucianizmisa da islamisTvis. magram oficialuri principebi Cveulebriv
gansxvavdeba zogadi praqtikisgan. meTvramete saukunemde arcerT sazogadoebas, civilizacias
an kulturas dasavlur samyaroSi Tu sxvagan ar hqonia adamianis xelSeuvali uflebebis farTod
damkvidrebuli praqtika an xedva.
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis dRevandeli saerTaSoriso instrumentebis werilobiTi saxiT
gaformebuli winamorbedebia dokumentebi, romlebSic adamianis uflebebia deklarirebuli,
rogoric aris `didi qartia~ (1215w.), inglisis uflebaTa bili (1689w.), safrangeTis mamakacisa
da moqalaqis uflebaTa deklaracia (1789w.) da aSS-is konstitucia da ùflebaTa bili~ (1791w.).
magram am dokumentebis umetesoba ar exeba qalebs, umciresobis bevr jgufs da garkveuli
socialuri, religiuri, ekonomikuri da politikuri jgufebis wevrebs. arcerTSi zemoxsenebuli
dokumentebidan ar aris asaxuli ZiriTadi idea – rom garkveuli uflebebi yvela adamians
ekuTvnis mxolod imitom, rom isini adamianebi arian.
adamianis uflebaTa sxva mniSvnelovani istoriuli fesvebi unda veZioT mecxramete
saukunis mcdelobebSi, akrZaluliyo monebiT vaWroba da Semcirebuliyo omebiT gamowveuli
saSinelebebi. magaliTad, Jenevis konvenciebma Seqmna safuZveli saerTaSoriso humanitaruli
samarTlisTvis. am konvenciebSi miTiTebulia, rom saWiroa omebTan brZola da adamianebis dacva
SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros. isini sgangebod icavs adamianebs, romlebic ar monawileoben
brZolebSi, da maT, visac aRar SeuZlia brZola (magaliTad, daWrilebs, avadmyofebsa da
damarcxebul mebrZolebs, samxedro tyveebs).
pirveli msoflio omis dasasruls garkveuli daucveli jgufebis dacvasTan dakavSirebuli
15
sakiTxi wamoWra erTa ligam. magaliTad, Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciam (romelic
Tavdapirvelad erTa ligaSi Sedioda, xolo axla gaero-s organizaciaa) Seqmna rigi mniSvnelovani
konvenciebisa, romlebSic Camoyalibebulia standartebi momuSave adamianebis dasacavad. am
konvenciebs Soris aris konvencia minimaluri asakis Sesaxeb (1919w.), konvencia iZulebiTi Sromis
Sesaxeb (1930w.) da konvencia ormocsaaTiani kviris Sesaxeb (1935w.).
marTalia, adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi sistema aRniSnul adreul
dokumentebs emyareba, magram mas ZiriTadad safuZvlad udevs gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis
dokumentebi.
meoce saukunis Sua xanebSi ganviTarebulma orma umniSvnelovanesma movlenam adamianis

uflebebi msoflio arenaze gaitana da msoflio masStabiT sazogadoebis yuradReba miapyro
maT. pirveli, ucxoelTa batonobis winaaRmdeg koloniebSi mcxovrebTa damoukideblobisTvis
brZola iyo, maTi moTxovna Tanasworobis da TviTgamorkvevis Sesaxeb, xolo meore katalizatori
meore msoflio omi gaxda. nacisturi germaniis mier eqvs milionze meti ebraelis, boSis,
homoseqsualisa da unarSezRuduli adamianis ganadgurebam SeaZrwuna msoflio, romlis
sxvadasxva nawilidan gaisma mowodebebi adamianis uflebebis standartebis damkvidrebis
Sesaxeb, raTa momxdariyo saerTaSoriso masStabiT mSvidobis damyareba da moqalaqeebis dacva
mTavrobebis mxridan Zalmomreobisa da Seuracxyofisgan. am mowodebebma arsebiTi roli iTamaSa
1945 wels gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis CamoyalibebaSi da maTi gamoZaxili ismis gaero-s
sadamfuZneblo dokumentSi – wesdebaSi.
uflebebis moTxovna adamianebis ojaxis yvela wevrisTvis pirvelad gamoiTqva gaerTianebuli
erebis organizaciis adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi, axlad Seqmnili gaero-s
erT-erT pirvel iniciativaSi. am deklaraciis ocdaaTi muxli warmoadgens yovlismomcvel
gancxadebas ekonomikuri, socialuri, kulturuli, politikuri da samoqalaqo uflebebis
Sesaxeb. deklaracia aris rogorc sayovelTao (igi exeba nebismier adgilas mcxovreb yvela
adamians), ise ganuyofeli (yvela ufleba Tanabrad mniSvnelovania adamianis adamianuri
bunebis srulad realizebisTvis). danarTebSi, gv. 278, ixileT adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaraciis sruli teqstica da bavSvebisTvis adaptirebuli versiac.
adamianis uflebaTa samarTlebrivi baza
marTalia, Tavisi arsebobis samocze meti wlis ganmavlobaSi adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaraciam saerTaSoriso samarTlis saTanado statuss miaRwia, igi, rogorc deklaracia,
warmoadgens mxolod ganzraxvaTa Sesaxeb gancxadebas, im principebis krebuls, romelTa
Sesrulebasac gaero-s wevri saxelmwifoebi kisruloben, raTa yvela adamianisTvis SesaZlebeli
gaxdes adamianuri RirsebiT aRsavse cxovreba. imisTvis, rom deklaraciaSi CamoTvlilma
uflebebma sruli iuridiuli Zala moipovos, isini Setanili unda iqnes dokumentebSi, romelTac
konvenciebi (moixsenieba, agreTve, rogorc xelSekrulebebi an paqtebi) ewodeba da romlebic
ayalibebs saerTaSoriso normebsa da standartebs.
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis miRebisTanave daiwyo muSaoba masSi Semavali
uflebebis Sesatanad iuridiulad savaldebulo Zalis mqone konvenciaSi. politikuri da
proceduruli mizezebis gamo es uflebebi daiyo da gaerTianda or damoukidebel paqtSi,
romelTagan TiToeuli exeba uflebaTa gansxvavebul kategoriebs. samoqalaqo da politikur
uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti ayalibebs Tavisuflebaze orientirebul garkveul uflebebs,
romlebic saxelmwifom ar unda waarTvas Tavis moqalaqeebs. aseTi uflebebis magaliTebia
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba da Tavisufali gadaadgilebis ufleba. ekonomikur, socialur da
kulturul uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti Seesatyviseba adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaraciis im muxlebs, romlebic gansazRvravs adamianis TviTgamorkvevis uflebas da
uflebas upirvelesi aucileblobis saSualebebze, rogoric aris sakvebi, sacxovrebeli da
janmrTelobis dacva, romlebic saxelmwifom, ramdenadac es mas ZaluZs, unda uzrunvelyos Tavisi
moqalaqeebisTvis. gaero-s generalurma asambleam orive paqti 1966 wels miiRo. danarTebSi, gv.
303, ixileT im qveynebis CamonaTvali, romlebmac moaxdines paqtebis ratificireba.
1948 wels misi miRebis Semdeg adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia safuZvlad
daedo adamianis uflebaTa oc ZiriTad konvencias. es konvenciebi erToblivad qmnian adamianis
uflebaTa samarTlebriv bazas, aRniSnuli saerTaSoriso dokumentebis ganviTarebad organizms,
romelic gansazRvravs adamianis uflebebs da ayalibebs meqanizmebs maT dasacavad da maTi
damkvidrebis xelSesawyobad.
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gaero-s ZiriTadi konvenciebi adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb
konvencia genocidis danaSaulis Tavidan acilebisa da dasjis Sesaxeb, 1948w.
konvencia ltolvilTa statusis Sesaxeb, 1951w.
konvencia monobis Sesaxeb, 1926w., Sesworebuli fakultaturi oqmis safuZvelze,
1953w.
samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti, 1966w.
saerTaSoriso konvencia rasobrivi diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmosafxvrelad,
1966w.
konvencia samxedro danaSaulebisa da kacobriobis winaaRmdeg Cadenili
danaSaulebis mimarT samarTlebrivi SezRudvebis gamouyeneblobis Sesaxeb, 1968w.
qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris saerTaSoriso konvencia, 1979w.
konvencia wamebisa da sxva sastiki, araadamianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxveli
mopyrobisa da dasjis winaaRmdeg, 1984w.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 1989w.
saerTaSoriso konvencia yvela migranti muSisa da maTi ojaxis wevrTa uflebebis
dacvis Sesaxeb, 1990w.
konvencia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa uflebebis Sesaxeb, 2006w.
SeniSvna: TariRi miuTiTebs im wels, rodesac gaero-s generalurma asambleam miiRo konvencia.
ratificirebis valdebuleba
konvenciis ratificireba mTavrobis mier saxelmwifos saxeliT nakisri seriozuli,

iuridiulad dakisrebuli valdebulebaa. yovel konvenciaSi aris muxlebi, romlebic ayalibebs
procedurebs imis monitoringisa da angariSgebisTvis, Tu rogor asruleben konvenciis
debulebebs is mTavrobebi, romlebmac moaxdines misi ratificireba. rodesac mTavroba axdens
konvenciis ratificirebas, igi eTanxmeba masSi gansazRvrul proceduras, romelic SeiZleba
moicavdes Semdeg valdebulebebs:
* Seasrulos konvencia, pativi sces, xeli Seuwyos da uzrunvelyos konvenciiT

gansazRvruli uflebebi da ar gaakeTos araferi iseTi, rasac es SeTanxmeba
krZalavs;
* Secvalos qveynis nebismieri iseTi kanoni, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba an ar
akmayofilebs konvenciaSi Camoyalibebul standartebs;
* moxdes misi monitoringi specialuri uwyebis mier, romelic Seafasebs,
sinamdvileSi asrulebs Tu ara igi Tavis valdebulebebs;
* regularuli intervalebiT waradginos angariSebi Tavisi moqalaqeebis
cxovrebaSi adamianis am uflebebis ganxorcielebaSi progresis Sesaxeb.
rogorc ki qveyana moaxdens konvenciis ratificirebas, mis moqalaqeebs mZlavri damcavi

saSualeba uCndebaT. maT SeuZliaT mosTxovon xelisuflebas angariSi, Tuki is ar eqceva
pativiscemiT adamianis im uflebebs, romelTa dacvis valdebuleba aiRo. amitom moqalaqeebma
unda icodnen, adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb romeli konvenciebis Sesrulebis piroba ikisra
maTma qveyanam. magaliTad, bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi gansazRvrulia Zalze specifiuri
standartebi policiis mier dakavebuli bavSvebis mimarT humanur mopyrobasTan dakavSirebiT.
bavSvebis mimarT cudad mopyrobis SemTxvevaSi, rogoric aris, magaliTad, bavSvis patimrobaSi
yofna ufrosebisgan izolirebis gareSe, bavSvis advokatebs SeuZliaT moiTxovon, rom mTavrobam
daicvas is standartebi, romelTa Sesrulebis iuridiuli valdebuleba aqvs nakisri.
adamianis uflebaTa samarTlebrivi baza dinamikuri organizmia. adamianebis garkveuli
jgufebis saWiroebaTa aRiarebisa da gansazRvris kvaldakval, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
msoflioSi ganviTarebuli movlenebi miuTiTebs adamianis garkveuli uflebebis Sesaxeb codnis
gaRrmavebisa da qmedebis aucileblobas, mudmivad viTardeba da ixveweba adamianis uflebaTa
saerTaSoriso samarTali. magaliTad, rodesac 1948 wels adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaracia iwereboda, cota adamiani Tu aTviTcnobierebda garemos degradaciis safrTxes,
amitom am dokumentSi ar aris naxsenebi garemo. magram ocdameerTe saukunis dasawyisSi
aqtivistebi da mTavrobebi muSaoben iseTi axali konvenciis SemuSavebaze, romelic adamianis
uflebebs usafrTxo da jansaR garemos daukavSirebs.
dRes adamianis uflebaTa bevri konvencia ZalaSi Sevida rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlis
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nawili, zogierTi ki kvlav ratificirebis procesSia. aris iseTi konvenciebi, magaliTad, konvencia
mkvidri xalxebis uflebebis Sesaxeb da konvencia garemos dacvasTan dakavSirebuli uflebebis
Sesaxeb, romelic amJamad mTavrobebisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis TanamSromlobiT
SemuSavebis procesSia.
marTalia, adamianis uflebebis xsenebuli ganviTareba gaero-s doneze xdeba, magram sul
ufro xSirad aRniSnulis inicirebas axdenen farTo masebis warmomadgenlebi – is adamianebi,
vinc ibrZvis samarTlianobisa da TanasworobisTvis sakuTar TemebSi. gaero-s daarsebis Semdeg
stabilurad izrdeba arasamTavrobo organizaciebis roli. swored didi Tu patara, adgilobrivi
Tu saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi awvdian rigiTi adamianebis xmas da problemebs
gaerTianebuli erebis organizacias. marTalia, SeTanxmebas iRebs wevri saxelmwifoebis
mTavrobebisgan dakompleqtebuli generaluri asamblea da SemdgomSi mTavrobebi axdenen mis
ratificirebas, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi yvela doneze axdenen zewolas mTavrobebsa da
gaero-s uwyebebze. isini aramarto monawileoben adamianis uflebaTa konvenciebis SemuSavebaSi,
aramed mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben am konvenciaTa ratificirebis propagandirebasa da
monitoringSi, raTa uzrunvelyon mTavrobebis mier nakisri valdebulebebis Sesruleba.
kiTxva: arsebobs Tu ara Tqvens qveyanaSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebic axdenen

adamianis uflebaTa ganxorcielebis monitorings da icaven maT? xom ar muSaobs romelime
maTgani bavSvTa uflebebze? ras akeTeben isini? qmediTia Tu ara maTi muSaoba?
adamianis yvela wamowyebis msgavsad, arc gaero da arc misi egidiT ganviTarebuli da
daxvewili adamianis uflebaTa samarTlebrivi baza ar aris srulyofili. bevri kritikosis
TqmiT, msoflios aRar sWirdeba meti konvencia adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi, amis nacvlad
ajobebda, srulad ganxorcielebuliyo yvela arsebuli. sxva adamianebis azriT, gaero-s sistema
iseTi arasrulyofilia, rom is maRali idealebi da standartebi, romelTa damkvidrebasac gaero
cdilobs, ar aris sarwmuno. magram msoflio istoriis TvalTaxedvidan gaero-c da adamianis
uflebaTa samarTlebrivi bazac jer siyrmis asakSi arian. yvela qveynis moqalaqeebis winaSe dgas
gamowveva –imuSaon gaero-s institutebis ufro qmediTi ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT im maRali
idealebis Seulaxavad, romlebze dayrdnobiTac gaero Seiqmna.
adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis ganviTarebis procesi
adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis Seqmna gulisxmobs bevri adamianisa da organizaciis

TanamSromlobaze damyarebul Sromas. sawyisi wertilia gaTviTcnobierebuli saWiroeba,
adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli problema, romlis gadawyvetac aucilebelia saerTaSoriso
Tanamegobrobis mier. es SeiZleba iyos zogadi saWiroeba – moxdes arsebiTi uflebebis dakanoneba,
iseTi uflebebisa, romlebic paqtebSia gansazRvruli, an SeiZleba iyos raime konkretuli msoflio
masStabis problema, rogoric aris fugasuri bombebis gavrceleba an adamianebiT vaWroba.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia magaliTia procesisa, romlis meSveobiTac xdeba adamianis
uflebaTa konvenciis ganviTareba, da mis SeqmnaSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis monawileobisa.
1. problemis identificireba:
Zaladobisa da eqspluataciisgan bavSvebis dacvis mcdelobebi jer kidev mecxramete
saukuneSi gvxvdeba, rodesac bavSvebs srulwlovanebis miRwevamde (ZiriTadad 21 wlamde)
mSoblebis sakuTrebad miiCnevdnen. reformatorebi yuradRebas amaxvilebdnen bavSvTa Sromaze
da usaxlkaro Tu oboli bavSvebis Cagvraze. 1923 wels eglantin jebma SeimuSava bavSvis uflebaTa
deklaracia, romelic erTa ligam 1924 wels miiRo.
Tumca arc adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi da arc im konvenciebSi, romlebic
gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa samarTlebriv bazad iqca, ar aris raime konkretuli miniSneba
bavSvebis uflebebze. es dokumentebi avtomaturad azogadebda im mosazrebas, rom yvela
adamianis msgavsad bavSvebsac aqvT adamianis uflebebi, magram isini ar aRiarebda bavSvebs
uflebebis matarebel subieqtebad.
2. gancxadeba zogadi principebis Sesaxeb:

pirveli nabiji bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciisken iyo gaero-s bavSvis uflebaTa deklaracia.
1959 wels samuSao jgufma Camoayaliba aTi principi, raTa ganesazRvra is ZiriTadi uflebebi,
romlebic yvela bavSvs unda hqonoda. magram am principebs, rogorc deklaracias, ar hqonda
saxelmwifoebisTvis iuridiulad savaldebulo Zala.
18
3. konvenciis SemuSavebis procesi:
saWiro gaxda aRniSnuli principebis kodificireba konvenciaSi. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
oficialuri SemuSavebis procesi cxra weliwads gagrZelda da am drois ganmavlobaSi
mTavrobebis, mTavrobaTaSorisi uwyebebis, rogoric aris iunisefi da iunesko, da arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis, rogorc didi (magaliTad, “Save the Children”, saerTaSoriso wiTeli jvari, “Oxfam”),
ise mcire (magaliTad, erovnuli organizaciebi, romlebic muSaobdnen konkretul sakiTxebze,
rogoric aris bavSvTa Sroma, jandacva, ganaTleba an sporti) warmomadgenlebi erToblivad
muSaobdnen konvenciis formulirebasTan dakavSirebiT konsensusis misaRwevad.
4. konvenciis miReba:
gaero-s generalurma asambleam bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia 1989 wels miiRo.
5. ratificireba:
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia dauyovnebliv iqna xelmowerili da misi ratificireba qveynebis
umetesobam ufro mokle xanSi moaxdina, vidre gaero-s nebismieri sxva konvenciisa.
6. ZalaSi Sesvla:
swrafi ratificirebis Sedegad bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlis
dokumenti, ZalaSi 1990 wels Sevida, sul raRac ramdenime TveSi misi miRebidan. garda amisa,
im wevr saxelmwifoTa raodenobam, romlebmac moaxdines misi ratificireba, gadaaWarba yvela
sxva konvenciis ratificirebis ganmaxorcielebel saxelmwifoTa raodenobas. dRemde mxolod
or saxelmwifos ar mouxdenia bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ratificireba: somalis da amerikis
SeerTebul Statebs.
7. ganxorcieleba, monitoringi da propagandireba:

iseve, rogorc yvela sxva konvencia, romelic adamianis uflebebs exeba, bavSvis uflebaTa
konvencia aZlevs kerZo pirebs, arasamTavrobo organizaciebsa da saerTaSorso organizaciebs
samarTlebriv safuZvels bavSvebis saxeliT qmedebisTvis. maT SeuZliaT mTavrobaTa motivireba
SeTanxmebis ratificirebisTvis da imis monitoringi, Tu rogor asruleben isini SeTanxmebiT
nakisr valdebulebebs. rodesac mTavroba ver asrulebs am valdebulebebs da arRvevs bavSvebis
uflebebs, arasamTavrobo organizaciebs SeuZliaT maTi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi daayenon.
adamianis uflebaTa regionuli konvenciebi
gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa samarTlebrivi bazis farglebSi arsebul konvenciebSi

gansazRvruli uflebebi sayovelTaoa. amave dros, damatebiT Seiqmna adamianis uflebaTa
sistemebi, romlebic exeba msoflios garkveul adgilebSi mcxovreb adamianebs. adamianis
uflebaTa am regionuli konvenciebis daniSnulebaa, ganamtkicon gaero-s konvenciebi – adamianis
uflebaTa samarTlebrivi baza da aucilebeli minimaluri standarti mTeli msofliosTvis.
adamianis uflebaTa regionuli konvenciebis magaliTebia:

* adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis dacvis evropuli konvencia (aseve
uwodeben adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvencias), romelic evropis sabWom 1950 wels miiRo
da romelic dReisTvis 47 wevr saxelmwifos aqvs ratificirebuli;
* wamebisa da sxva araadamianuri Tu Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyrobis da dasjis Tavidan
acilebis Sesaxeb evropuli konvencia, romelic evropis sabWom 1987 wels miiRo;
* evropis socialuri qartia, romelic evropis sabWos mier 1961 wels iqna miRebuli, xolo
1996 wels damatebebis safuZvelze Sesworebuli;
* adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli konvencia, romelic 1969 wels miiRo amerikis
saxelmwifoTa organizaciam _ exeba im saxelmwifoTa mTavrobebs CrdiloeT, centraluri da
samxreT amerikidan, romlebmac moaxdines misi ratificireba;
* adamianisa da xalxebis uflebaTa afrikuli qartia, romelic 1981 wels miiRo afrikis
erTobis organizaciam.
evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa dacvis meqanizmebi
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia uZvelesi da yvelaze Zlieria adamianis uflebaTa

regionul sistemebs Soris. evropisTvis gankuTvnili misi standartebi zogjer aRemateba
kidevac adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso konvenciebis standartebs. evrokavSiris wevri
ocdaSvidi saxelmwifo evropis sabWos wevric aris da, Sesabamisad, iuridiulad valdebulia,
19
aRiaros da pativi sces adamianis uflebebs sakuTari Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobiT.
maT saerTaSoriso meqanizmebisTvis mimarTva SeuZliaT ùkanaskneli saSualebis~ saxiT, rodesac
uflebaTa dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi saSualebebi uSedego aRmoCndeba. evropis sabWoSi
adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvencias safrangeTSi, strasburgSi ganlagebuli ministrTa
komiteti da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo axorcieleben.
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo mudmivmoqmedi iuridiuli organoa, romelic
ixilavs adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis savaraudo darRvevebis Sesaxeb wevri
saxelmwifoebis teritoriebze mcxovrebi nebismieri pirisgan Semosul individualur saCivrebs
da Rebulobs gadawyvetilebebs. sasamarTlo warmoadgens wevr saxelmwifoebSi erovnul doneze
arsebuli adamianis uflebaTa uzrunvelyofis meqanizmebis damatebiT meqanizms.
marTalia, evropuli konvencia da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo ZiriTadi
meqanizmebia adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi evropis sabWos muSaobaSi, sabWom Seqmna ramdenime
arasasamarTlo saSualebac wevr saxelmwifoebSi adamianis uflebebis xorcSesxmis
monitoringisa da gaumjobesebis mizniT. magaliTad, rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis sawinaaRmdego
evropuli komisia eqspertTa damoukidebeli organoa. komisia axdens rasizmis, qsenofobiis,
antisemitizmisa da Seuwynareblobis monitorings mTeli evropis masStabiT da mTavrobebs
aZlevs rekomendaciebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor ebrZolon am movlenebs. rasizmisa da
Seuwynareblobis sawinaaRmdego evropuli komisia mWidrod TanamSromlobs arasamTavrobo
organizaciebTan.
evropis socialuri qartia (miRebulia 1961 wels, xolo cvlilebebis safuZvelze
Sesworebuli 1996 wels) uzrunvelyofs adamianis socialur da ekonomikur uflebebs,
rogoric aris saTanado sacxovrebeli, xelmisawvdomi jandacva, ufaso dawyebiTi da saSualo
ganaTleba da profesiuli momzadeba, diskriminaciis akrZalva dasaqmebisas da usafrTxo
samuSao pirobebi, samarTlebrivi da socialuri dacva, samarTliani mopyroba migrantebis
mimarT da diskriminaciis akrZalva sazogadoebis yvela fenaSi da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis
yvela sferoSi. qartia ayalibebs meTvalyureobis meqanizms, raTa uzrunvelyos, rom is wevri
saxelmwifoebi, romlebmac moaxdines qartiis ratificireba, asrulebdnen masSi gansazRvrul
uflebebs. saxelmwifoebma yovelwliuri angariSi unda warudginon socialur uflebaTa
evropul komitets am sferoSi sakuTari saqmianobis Sesaxeb.
adamianis uflebaTa komisars, evropis sabWoSi arsebul damoukidebel instituts, miniWebuli
aqvs mandati _ xeli Seuwyos wevr saxelmwifoebSi adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb codnis
gavrcelebas da maT mimarT pativiscemis damkvidrebas. komisari axdens adamianis uflebaTa
samarTalSi da praqtikaSi arsebuli naklovanebebis identificirebas, avrcelebs codnas da
xels uwyobs reformebisken mimarTul RonisZiebebs, romelTa mizania adamianis uflebaTa
ganxorcielebis xelSewyobisa da dacvis sferoSi sagrZnobi gaumjobesebis miRweva.
sasamarTlosa da komisars Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba arsebobs. sasamarTlo reagirebis
ganmaxorcielebeli organoa: mas SeuZlia reagireba mxolod kerZo pirebis an Tavad wevri
saxelmwifoebis mier Setanil saCivrebze, xolo komisars SeuZlia iyos proaqtiuri, Caataros
gamoZiebebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor xdeba adamianis uflebaTa uzrunvelyofa da
dacva evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. magram gadawyvetilebebis – ganaCenis formiT _ miRebis
uflebamosileba mxolod sasamarTlos aqvs da am gadawyvetilebaTa Sesruleba savaldebuloa
wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis.
20
2. ras warmoadgens bavSvis uflebebi?
gaero-s bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia Semobrunebis wertili iyo; man saqveynod aRiara,
rom bavSvebi mxolod dacvis obieqtebi ki ar arian, aramed maT Tavad ekuTvniT samoqalaqo da
politikuri uflebebi.
mo de boer-bukikio
evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis moadgile1
gaero-s bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia uzrunvelyofs idealur midgomas, romlis saSualebiTac

bavSvebs SeuZliaT Seityon sakuTari uflebebis Sesaxeb. imis gamo, rom konvenciaSi gansazRvrulia
adamianis is uflebebi, romlebic gansakuTrebiT exeba bavSvebs, yvela adamianma, magram
gansakuTrebiT bavSvebma, mSoblebma da im ufrosma adamianebma, vinc bavSvebTan muSaobs, unda
gaicnos adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi bazis es mniSvnelovani komponenti.
`kompasito~ bavSvebis uflebebs zogadad adamianis uflebebis ufro farTo konteqstSi aTavsebs
da cdilobs, daexmaros bavSvebs imis gagebasa da gaTviTcnobierebaSi, rom kacobriobis ojaxis
yvela wevrTan erTad maTac aqvT es uflebebi miniWebuli.
gaero-s generalurma asambleam bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia 1989 wels, wevr saxelmwifoebs
Soris SeTanxmebisa da molaparakebis da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan farTo konsultirebis
daaxloebiT aTi wlis Semdeg miiRo. mas Semdeg im wevr saxelmwifoTa raodenobam, romlebmac
moaxdines egreT wodebuli bavSvTa konvenciis ratificireba, gadaaWarba adamianis uflebebis
sferoSi nebismieri sxva SeTanxmebis ratificirebis ganmaxorcielebel saxelmwifoTa ricxvs.
garda amisa, naklebi iyo daTqmebic, romlebic warmoadgens oficialur gamonaklisebs konvenciis
im nawilebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebsac esa Tu is saxelmwifo SeiZleba ar daeTanxmos.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia (aseve uwodeben bavSvTa konvencias) bavSvad gansazRvravs 18
wlamde asakis nebismier adamians da adasturebs, rom bavSvi srulad flobs adamianis uflebebs.
konvencia moicavs 54 muxls bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic SeiZleba daiyos sam zogad
kategoriad. es sami kategoria zogjer `sami P-s~ saxeliTac moixsenieba:
* dacva (Protection), romelic uzrunvelyofs bavSvebis usafrTxoebas da exeba iseT
specifikur sakiTxebs, rogoric aris Seuracxyofa, ugulebelyofa da eqspluatacia;
* uzrunvelyofa (Provision), romelic gulisxmobs bavSvebis iseTi specialuri saWiroebebis
dakmayofilebas, rogoric aris ganaTleba da janmrTelobis dacva;
* monawileoba (Participation), romelic aRiarebs bavSvis unars (romelic TandaTan
viTardeba), miiRos gadawyvetilebebi, aseve monawileoba miiRos sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi
mowifulobis asakTan miaxloebisas.
konvencia Seicavs ramdenime Zalze mniSvnelovan midgomas adamianis uflebebis mimarT. bavSvebis
monawileobis ufleba is sferoa, romelsac uwin ar Sexebia adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaracia (1948w.) an bavSvis uflebaTa deklaracia (1959w.). konvenciis mier danergili kidev
erTi siaxlea nacvalsaxelebis “he” (mamrobiTi sqesis aRmniSvneli nacvalsaxeli) da “she”
(mdedrobiTi sqesis aRmniSvneli nacvalsaxeli) gamoyeneba nacvlad zogadad nacvalsaxelisa
“he”, romelic moicavda orive sqesis warmomadgenlebs.
konvencia gansakuTrebulad aRniSnavs bavSvis ojaxis rolis, uflebamosilebisa da
pasuxismgeblobis upirveles mniSvnelobas. igi adasturebs bavSvis uflebas, isargeblos
aramarto Tavisi ojaxis eniT da kulturiT, aramed imis uflebasac, rom am enas da kulturas sxvebi
pativiscemiT moepyron. garda amisa, konvencia mouwodebs saxelmwifoebs, daexmaron im ojaxebs,
romlebsac ara aqvT SesaZlebloba, TavianT Svilebs cxovrebis saTanado done Seuqmnan.
bavSvis keTildReobisTvis ojaxis mniSvnelobis aRiarebasTan erTad bavSvis uflebaTa
konvencia aRiarebs bavSvebs adamianebad, romelTac aqvT uflebebi, da uzrunvelyofs maTTvis,
rogorc es maT ganviTarebis procesSi myof SesaZleblobebs Seesatyviseba, individualobis,
piradi cxovrebis, informaciis miRebis, azris, sindisisa da religiis, gamoxatvisa da sxva
adamianebTan gaerTianebis uflebebs.
konvenciam Zalze didi msoflio masStabis Sedegebi moitana. mis Sedegad gaaqtiurda gaero-s
iseTi uwyebebis saqmianoba bavSvis uflebaTa sakiTxebze, rogoric aris iunisefi da Sromis
saerTaSoriso organizacia, man zegavlena moaxdina Semdgom periodSi miRebul SeTanxmebebze
bavSvis uflebaTa sferoSi (magaliTad, haagis konvenciaze qveynis SigniT bavSvebis Svilad
ayvanis Sesaxeb, romelic gansazRvravs bavSvis uflebas ojaxze da ara ojaxis uflebas bavSvze, da
konvenciaze SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa uflebebis Sesaxeb); konvenciam gaaerTiana
sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso moZraoba, mimarTuli bavSvTa Seuracxyofis iseTi gavrcelebuli
formebis aRsakveTad, rogoric aris bavSvTa prostitucia da bavSvi-jariskacebi. es orive
sakiTxi amJamad Sesulia fakultatur oqmebSi (bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis SesworebebSi).
21
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi Camoyalibebuli ZiriTadi principebi
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi gansazRvruli uflebebi oTx ZiriTad princips asaxavs:

1. diskriminaciis akrZalva (me-2 muxli): yvela ufleba ekuTvnis yvela bavSvs,
gamonaklisis gareSe. saxelmwifoebi valdebuli arian daicvan bavSvebi yovelgvari formis
diskriminaciisgan.
2. bavSvis sasargeblo interesi (me-3 muxli): ganmsazRvreli faqtori nebismier bavSvTan
dakavSirebuli yvela qmedebisas unda iyos bavSvis sasargeblo interesi. nebismier SemTxvevaSi
bavSvis interesebi ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre Sesabamisi ufrosebis (magaliTad, mSoblebis,
maswavleblebis, meurveebis) interesebi. magram is sakiTxi, Tu rogor unda gadawydes, ra aris
bavSvis interesSi, rTulia da mis garSemo diskusiebi mimdinareobs.
3. sicocxlis, sicocxlis SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebis ufleba (me-6 muxli): bavSvis
ufleba sicocxleze xelSeuvalia da saxelmwifoebis valdebulebaa uzrunvelyon bavSvis
sicocxlis SenarCuneba da ganviTareba. es niSnavs, rom bavSvebis mimarT ver iqneba gamoyenebuli
sikvdiliT dasja.
4. bavSvis SexedulebaTa pativiscema (me-12 muxli): bavSvs aqvs ufleba, gamoxatos sakuTari
Sexedulebebi da ufleba, mis Sexedulebebs nebismier im sakiTxze, romelic mas exeba, saTanado
yuradReba daeTmos.
kiTxva: bavSvis sasargeblo interesi bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis fuZemdebluri principia.

magram vin wyvets, ra sjobia bavSvisTvis, ra aris mis interesSi? ra xdeba, rodesac mSoblebs,
maswavleblebs, xelisuflebis organoebs an bavSvs urTierTsawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi aqvT
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra aris `saukeTeso~ bavSvisTvis?
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia mZlavri instrumentia, romelic, Tavisi bunebidan gamomdinare,

ubiZgebs axalgazrdebs sakuTari uflebebis Seswavlisken. is aseve qmediTi saSualebaa yvela
asakis adamianisTvis daxmarebis gasawevad im kompleqsuri pasuxismgeblobebis identificirebaSi,
romlebic Tan sdevs bavSvebisTvis am uflebaTa uzrunvelyofas. konvenciis am saxiT gamoyeneba
aswavlis bavSvebs, Tu rogor unda daicvan sakuTari uflebebi.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ganxorcielebis monitoringi
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi gaformebuli yvela sxva SeTanxmebis msgavsad, bavSvis uflebaTa
konvencia Seicavs muxlebs, romlebic ayalibebs imas, Tu rogor unda moxdes mTavrobebis mier
konvenciiT nakisri valdebulebebis Sesrulebis monitoringi. konvenciis meore nawilis 42-45
muxlebSi gansazRvrulia es procedurebi da moTxovnebi:
* igi moiTxovs, rom mTavrobebma gaacnon sazogadoebas – rogorc zrdasrul adamianebs,

ise bavSvebs – konvenciiT gansazRvruli uflebebi (muxli 42);
* igi ayalibebs bavSvis uflebaTa komitets, damoukidebel eqspertTagan Semdgar organos,
romelic monitorings uwevs wevri saxelmwifoebis mier bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
ganxorcielebas (muxli 43);
* igi moiTxovs saxelmwifoebisgan, xuT weliwadSi erTxel waradginon angariSi konvenciis
ganxorcielebis mizniT gaweuli qmedebebis Sesaxeb (muxli 44);
* igi xels uwyobs saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobas konvenciis ganxorcielebaSi,
gansakuTrebiT TanamSromlobas gaero-s specializebul saagentoebTan, rogoric aris
iunisefi (muxli 45).
es savaldebulo angariSebi, romlebsac, Cveulebriv, amzadeben bavSvTa sakiTxebze momuSave

specialuri samTavrobo uwyebebi, miuTiTebs, vin romeli uflebebiT ar sargeblobs, axdens
uflebebis realizebaSi warmoqmnili winaaRmdegobebisa da dabrkolebebis identificirebas,
aseve miuTiTebs, Tu ris gakeTebas apirebs mTavroba aRniSnuli problemebis gadalaxvis mizniT.
angariSi waredgineba bavSvis uflebaTa komitets JenevaSi, sadac mdebareobs gaero-s adamianis
uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisi. komiteti ganixilavs angariSs da iZleva rekomendaciebs
samomavlo saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT.
kiTxva: romeli samTavrobo uwyeba amzadebs Tqvens qveyanaSi angariSs bavSvis uflebaTa kon-
venciis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb? ra gzebiT Rebulobs is informacias?
22
kiTxva: waradgens Tu ara Tqveni qveyana regularulad angariSs bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb?
monitoringisa da angariSgebis procesi aqtiuri monawileobis SesaZleblobas aZlevs

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis dawesebulebebs, arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, specialur
saagentoebs, bavSvebsa da axalgazrdebs, aseve bavSvebis sakiTxebiT dainteresebul sxva
adamianebs. maT SeuZliaT moamzadon alternatiuli angariSi, romelSic moyvanilia mTavrobis
angariSis sawinaaRmdego mosazrebebi da faqtebi an wamoWrilia sakiTxebi, romlebic gamorCenilia
oficialur angariSSi.2
kiTxva: wardgenila Tu ara Tqveni qveynidan alternatiuli angariSebi? Tu wardgenila, vin

moamzada isini? ra sakiTxebSi gansxvavdeboda isini mTavrobis mier momzadebuli angariSisgan?
bavSvis uflebaTa ganxorcielebis monitoringi

gaero xSirad niSnavs eqsperts specialur momxseneblad romelime mniSvnelovan sakiTxze an
qveyanaze informaciis mogrovebis mizniT. komerciuli mizniT bavSvebis mzardi eqspluataciiTa
da bavSvebiT vaWrobiT saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis SeSfoTebis sapasuxod, 1990 wels gaero-s
generalurma asambleam SemoiRo mandati momxseneblisTvis, romelsac unda moegrovebina
informacia da warmoedgina angariSebi bavSvebis gayidvis, da pornografiasa da prostituciaSi
bavSvebis CarTvis sakiTxebze.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ganxorcielebis monitorings bevri arasamTavrobo
organizaciac axorcielebs. zogierTi maTgan bavSvTa dacvis sferoSi momuSave didi
saerTaSoriso organizaciaa, magaliTad, “Save the Children” (`gadavarCinoT bavSvebi~) da “Child
Rights Information Network” (`bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli~). sxvebi regionul da erovnul
doneebze moqmedeben. evropaSi, magaliTad, bavSvTa ombudsmenis evropuli qseli ikvlevs,
akritikebs da aqveynebs im administraciul qmedebebs, romlebmac SeiZleba daarRvios bavSvis
uflebaTa konvencia. ombudsmens SeuZlia Caerios sxvadasxva samoqalaqo Tu sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeSi, romlebSic pirdapiri Tu arapirdapiri saxiT monawileoben bavSvebi, iuridiuli
warmomadgenlebis, mSoblebis an meurveebisgan damoukideblad, da warmoadginos bavSvis
uflebebi. am qselSi Sedian warmomadgenlebi avstriidan, belgiidan, daniidan, fineTidan,
safrangeTidan, ungreTidan, islandiidan, irlandiidan, litvidan, yofili iugoslaviis
respublika makedoniidan, norvegiidan, portugaliidan, ruseTis federaciidan, espaneTidan,
SvedeTidan da uelsidan.3
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis propagandireba
samoqalaqo sazogadoebas, bavSvebs, maswavleblebs, mSoblebsa da sxvadasxva dawesebulebas

didi rolis Sesruleba SeuZliaT bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb codnis gavrcelebaSi da maTi
ganxorcielebis mizniT RonisZiebebis gatarebis lobirebaSi. imisTvis, rom yvela adamianma,
vinc bavSvebTan muSaobs, da Tavad bavSvebma icodnen aRniSnuli uflebebi, bavSvis uflebaTa
konvencia unda iyos saskolo biblioTekebSi da unda xdebodes misikiTxva da ganxilva rogorc
saklaso oTaxebSi, ise mSoblebTan erTad.
erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani saSualeba konvenciis propagandirebisTvis aris sistemuri
xasiaTis ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi, romelic bavSvis adreuli asakidan iwyeba.
yovel bavSvs aqvs ufleba, icodes sakuTari da sxvaTa uflebebi!
23
---------------------
sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Eide, Asbjørn and Alfredsson, Guthmundur, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A common
standard of achievement: Martinus Nijhof, 1999.
* Franklin, Bob, Handbook of Children’s Rights: Routledge, 2001.
* Hodgkin, Rachel and Newell, Peter, Implementation Handbook for the Convention on the Rights of the
Child: UNICEF, 2002.
---------------------
sasargeblo vebgverdebi
* Amnesty International: www.amnesty.org

* `bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli~: www.crin.org
* evropis sabWo: www.coe.int
* `demokratia da ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi evropaSi~:
* èvropis bavSvTa qseli~ (EURONET): www.europeanchildrensnetwork.org
* `bavSvTa ombudsmenebis evropuli qseli~: www.ombudsnet.org/enoc/
* Human Rights Watch: www.hrw.org
* iunesko: www.unesco.org
* iunisefi: www.unicef.org
* gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisari: www.ohchr.org/english
------------------------
1 bavSvebisTvis saerTaSoriso marTlmsajulebasTan dakavSirebul konferenciaze

warmoTqmuli sityva, 2007 wlis 17 seqtemberi
2 Action for the Rights of Children (ARC), CD by UNICEF & Save the Children Alliance, 2003.
3 ix. www.ombudsnet.org
24
II. ra aris ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa
sferoSi?
yvela adamiani da sazogadoebis yoveli nawili, ... [unda] miiswrafvodes swavla-ganaTlebis
meSveobiT xeli Seuwyos am uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa pativiscemas da maTi sayovelTao da
efeqtiani aRiareba-ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofas.
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, preambula
1. adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis SemoReba
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis vercerTi calkeuli ganmarteba ver gadmoscems

imas, Tu raoden mravlad aris is saSualeba, romlis meSveobiTac adamianebi _ axalgazrdebi Tu
xanSiSesulebi _ aTviTcnobiereben, praqtikaSi iyeneben da afaseben TavianT da pativs scemen
sxvaTa uflebebs. evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis axalgazrduli
programa Semdegnairad gansazRvravs ganaTlebas adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi:
...ganaTlebis programebi da saqmianoba, romlebic yuradRebas amaxvileben adamianis Rirsebis sferoSi

Tanasworobis xelSewyobaze kulturaTaSorisi ganaTlebis, umciresobebis monawileobisa da maTTvis
uflebamosilebaTa miniWebis xelSemwyob programebTan kavSirSi.
am ganmartebaSi mniSvnelovani sityvaa `kavSiri~, vinaidan ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa

sferoSi iSviaTad xorcieldeba im specifikuri konteqstis gareSe, romelic dafuZnebulia
moswavleebis saWiroebebze, SesaZleblobebsa da survilebze. adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi
ganaTlebis gansazRvris mTavari gasaRebia misi mizani, vinaidan, miuxedavad meTodologiisa da
konteqstisa, igi yovelTvis miiswrafis ganaviTaros adamianis uflebaTa kultura. am kulturis
arsebiT elementebs SeuZlia adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis iseTi zogadi miznebis
miRwevis uzrunvelyofa, rogoricaa:
* adamianis uflebebisadami da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebisadmi pativiscemis ganmtkiceba;
* adamianis Rirsebis dafaseba da sakuTari Tavisadmi da sxva adamianebisadmi pativiscemis
Camoyalibeba;
* iseTi damokidebulebisa da qcevis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba, romlebic gansazRvraven
sxvisi uflebebis pativiscemas;
* yvela sferoSi namdvili genderuli Tanasworobisa da Tanabari SesaZleblobebis
uzrunvelyofa qalebisTvis da mamakacebisTvis;
* mravalsaxeobis, kerZod, sxvadasxva erovnebis, eTnikur, religiur, enobriv da sxva
umciresobaTa da sazogadoebaTa mimarT pativiscemis, gagebiT mopyrobisa da dafasebis
uzrunvelyofa;
* adamianebisTvis ufro aqtiuri moqalaqeobrivi uflebamosilebis miniWeba;
* xalxebs da erebs Soris demokratiis, ganviTarebis, socialuri samarTlianobis,
sazogadoebaTaSorisi harmoniis, solidarobisa da megobrobis mxardaWera;
* im saerTaSoriso organizaciebis saqmianobis xelSewyoba, romelTa mizania adamianis
uflebaTa sayovelTao faseulobebze, saerTaSoriso urTierTgagebaze, Semwynareblobasa da
Zalis gamoyenebis uaryofaze damyarebuli samSvidobo kulturis Seqmna.
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi bavSvebisTvis
bavSvoba idealuri droa adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebis swavlis dasawyebad. adamianis

uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis perspeqtivebi SeiZleba ganisazRvros imgvarad, rom miesadagos
mcirewlovani bavSvis mier misi samyaros ufro konkretul viTarebaSi, kerZod, adgilobriv
TemSi, sakuTar ojaxSi, ufrosebTan da sxva bavSvebTan yoveldRiur pirad urTierTobebSi
miRebul gamocdilebas. adamianis uflebaTa swavlebis mizania, xeli Seuwyos qvemoT CamoTvlil
amocanebSi rwmenisa da socialuri Semwynareblobis stimulirebas, vinaidan isini warmoadgens
adamianis uflebaTa erTiani kulturis fundaments. es amocanebia:
* sakuTari Tavisa da sxvaTa dafaseba;

* adamianis uflebaTa aRiareba da pativiscema yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi;
* sakuTari Zireuli uflebebis gageba da maTi Camoyalibebis unari;
* gansxvavebebis dafaseba da pativiscema;
25
* araZalismieri gziT konfliqtebis mogvarebis swavleba, gamsWvaluli sxvaTa uflebebis
pativiscemiT;
* bavSvebSi rwmenis Camoyalibeba, rom maT SeuZliaT imoqmedon da gaaCniaT adamianis
uflebebis dacvisa da mxardaWeris SesaZleblobebi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom bavSvebi mxolod axla iwyeben formalur ganaTlebas, maT ukve Zalian
bevri ician TavianTi samyaros da masSi mcxovrebi adamianebis Sesaxeb. adamianis uflebaTa
sakiTxebis Seswavla SeZlebisdagvarad unda iyos dakavSirebuli imasTan, rac bavSvebma ukve ician,
da ganmartavdes mas. magaliTad, miuxedavad imisa, rom Svidi an rva wlis bavSvebma jer ar ician
iseTi sityvebis mniSvneloba, rogoricaa `samarTlianoba~, `Tanasworoba~ an `diskriminacia~, maT
umravlesobas kargad aqvs ganviTarebuli samarTlianobis gancda.
codna, unar-Cvevebi da damokidebuleba
codna: adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebis Seswavla
ra tipis codna esaWiroebaT bavSvebs imisTvis, rom gaerkvnen adamianis uflebebSi

yoveldRiuri cxovrebis pirobebSi? ra unar-Cvevebi da damokidebulebebi sWirdebaT imisTvis,
rom CamouyalibdeT da SeunarCundeT adamianis uflebaTa cxovrebiseuli kultura? `kompasito~
cdilobs, upasuxos am kiTxvebs rogorc wamyvanebisTvis gankuTvnil Sesaval informaciaSi,
aseve praqtikul savarjiSoebSi, romelTa Catarebasac igi gvTavazobs adamianis uflebaTa
sakiTxebis swavlebis mizniT. erToblivad isini qmnian kompleqsur midgomas, romelic moicavs
swavlas adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb, swavlas adamianis uflebebis dacvis mizniT da swavlas
adamianis uflebebis praqtikuli gamoyenebiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom codna adamianis uflebaTa
Sesaxeb TavisTavad ganicdis cvlilebebs bavSvis asakis momatebasTan da SesaZleblobebis
ganviTarebasTan erTad, igi zogadad moicavs Semdeg ZiriTad cnebebs:
* adamianis uflebebi gansazRvravs qcevis standartebs rogorc ojaxSi, aseve sazogadoebaSi

da farTo samyaroSi;
* adamianis uflebaTa standartebs sayovelTao xasiaTi aqvs, magram SeiZleba arsebobdes
maTi ganmartebisa da praqtikuli gamoyenebis sxvadasxva gza;
* yovel bavSvs gaaCnia adamianis uflebebi da akisria sxva adamianebis uflebaTa pativiscemis
pasuxismgebloba. es uflebebi moicavs adamianis uflebas, iyos daculi da uzrunvelyofili,
monawileobis uflebas, magaliTad, azris gamoTqmis uflebas im sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT,
romlebic mas exeba. zemoaRniSnuli uflebebi Camoyalibebulia bavSvis uflebaTa
konvenciaSi;
* adamianis uflebaTa ganxorcielebis sakiTxebi sxva saerTaSoriso dokumentebSic
ganixileba, magaliTad gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa deklaraciaSi da adamianis uflebaTa
evropul konvenciaSi.
unar-Cvevebi: adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebis Seswavla:
bavSvebma unda SeiZinon unar-Cvevebi, romlebic maT SesaZleblobas miscems, miiRon

monawileoba demokratiul procesebSi da sakuTari wvlili Seitanon adamianis uflebaTa
kulturis CamoyalibebaSi. adamianis uflebebis Sesaswavlad saWiro unar-Cvevebia:
* aqtiuri mosmena da urTierToba: sxvadasxva azris mosmenis, sakuTari azris gamoTqmis da

orive Tvalsazrisis Sefasebis unari;
* kritikuli azrovnebis unari: faqtsa da Tvalsazriss Soris gansxvavebis danaxvis, winaswar
Seqmnil azrebsa da manipulirebis formebSi garkvevis unari;
* jgufur muSaobaSi monawileobis miRebisa da konfliqtis pozitiuri gzebiT mogvarebis
unari;
* konsensusis miRwevis unari;
* TanatolebTan erTad gamarTul aqtivobebSi monawileoba demokratiuli wesebis
dacviT;
* sakuTari azris mtkiced gamoTqmis unari;
* problemebis gadawyvetis unari.
26
damokidebulebebi: adamianis uflebebis Seswavla praqtikul viTarebaSi
adamianis uflebebi ar aris mxolod savaldebulo iuridiuli dokumentebi, romlebic

saxelmwifoebs garkveul valdebulebebs akisrebs. isini principulad mniSvnelovania bavSvebisa
da yvela adamianis TanaarsebobisTvis. Tumca imis gamo, rom es aramaterialuri faseulobebia,
romlebic ZiriTadad maTi gamomxatveli moqmedebebis meSveobiT vlindeba, adamianis uflebaTa
faseulobebi da damokidebulebebi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis yvelaze rTuli
da xangrZlivmoqmedi formebia. bavSvebi imdensave da gacilebiT mets swavloben praqtikuli
magaliTebidan, vidre sakuTriv gakveTilebze, da maT SeuZliaT TvalTmaqcobis amocnoba maTTvis
damaxasiaTebeli gamWriaxi SegrZnebis wyalobiT. maT, vinc bavSvebTan muSaobs, unda moaxdinon
adamianis uflebaTa yvela im faseulobis modelireba, romlis gadacemac surT bavSvebisTvis.
damokidebulebebi adamianis uflebebis mimarT, romelTa Seswavla savaldebuloa,
mdgomareobs SemdegSi:
* pativiscema sakuTari Tavisadmi da sxvaTaadmi;
* sakuTar qmedebebze pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba;
* cnobismoyvareoba, gaxsnili goneba da mravalferovnebis dafaseba;
* TanagrZnoba da solidaroba, agreTve im adamianebis mxardaWerisTvis mzadyofna,
romlebsac arTmeven adamianis uflebebs;
* adamianis Rirsebis, sakuTari Tavisa da sxvaTa dafasebis grZnoba, ganurCevlad socialuri,
kulturuli, enobrivi Tu religiuri gansxvavebebisa;
* samarTlianobis grZnoba da yvelasadmi samarTliani mopyrobis damkvidrebis socialuri
pasuxismgebloba;
* skolisa da Temis srulyofaSi sakuTari wvlilis Setanis survili;
* adamianis uflebebis rogorc adgilobrivi, aseve globaluri mxardaWeris mtkice
gadawyvetileba.
meTodologia adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebisTvis gansakuTrebiT efeqtiani aRmoCnda

monawileobaze damyarebuli meTodologia, vinaidan maT safuZvlad udevs mosazreba, rom
yvela adamiani sargeblobs sakuTari azris gamoTqmis uflebiT da pativs scems individualur
gansxvavebebs. faqtobrivi Sinaarsis sazRvrebs miRma gasvla da unar-Cvevebis, damokidebulebebis,
faseulobebisa da qmedebebis CarTva moiTxovs imgvar saswavlo struqturas, romelic
`horizontaluria~ da ara ìerarqiuli~. misi demokratiuli struqtura saWiroebs procesSi
yoveli calkeuli adamianis CarTvas da misTvis damoukidebeli azrovnebisa da interpretaciis
SesaZleblobebis miniWebas. igi stimuls aZlevs realur cxovrebaSi Seqmnili situaciebis
kritikulad gaanalizebis unars da mas SeuZlia gamoiwvios gaazrebuli da Sesaferisi qmedebebi
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis da mxardaWeris mizniT. anu imisTvis, rom ganaTleba adamianis
uflebaTa sferoSi iyos efeqtiani, man unda uzrunvelyos bavSvebi imgvari xelSemwyobi sistemiT,
romelSic yoveli calkeuli bavSvis uflebebs pativiscemiT epyrobian.
qvemoT aRwerili meTodologiebi gamoiyeneba rogorc formalur, aseve araformalur,
mravalferovan saswavlo garemoSi, SeuzRudavi raodenobis Temebis gamoyenebiT. am Temebs
gaaCnia garkveuli saerTo Tvisebebi, romelTa wyalobiT isini erTnairad misaRebia yvela asakis
adamianisTvis adamianis uflebaTa Seswavlis procesSi:
* bavSvebis gamocdilebis pativiscema da sxvadasva azris arsebobis aRiareba;
* yovel calkeul bavSvSi sakuTari Tavis srulyofis, TviTdafasebisa da pativiscemis
mxardaWera;
* bavSvebisTvis SesaZleblobis micema, TviTon gansazRvron, risi codna surT da TviTon
moiZion informacia;
* yvela bavSvis aqtiuri Cabma swavlis procesSi da pasiuri mosmenis minimumamde dayvana;
* ierarqiis gareSe, demokratiuli, TanamSromlobis principze agebuli saswavlo garemos
Seqmnis stimulireba;
* dafiqrebis, analizisa da kritikuli azrovnebis stimulireba;
* subieqturi da emociuri pasuxebis, agreTve, SemecnebiTi swavlebis stimulireba;
* qcevisa da damokidebulebis cvlilebis stimulireba;
* yuradRebis gamaxvileba unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebasa da codnis praqtikul
gamoyenebaze;
* swavlebisTvis iumoris, xumrobisa da SemoqmedebiTi TamaSebis mniSvnelobis aRiareba.
`kompasitos~ praqtikuli savarjiSoebi axdens meTodebisa da procedurebis mravalferovnebis
kombinirebas zemoT miTiTebul masaxiaTeblebTan. wamyvans mudmivad unda axsovdes, rom zogi
27
meTodi SeiZleba miuRebeli aRmoCndes Sereuli kulturuli warmoSobis an sgangebo saWiroebebis
mqone pirebisgan Semdgari jgufebisTvis (magaliTad, fizikuri kontaqti, grafikuli xelovneba)
an saWiroebdes ucnobi an xelmiuwvdomeli wyaroebis (magaliTad, internetis an sabiblioTeko
wyaroebis) moZiebas. yvela praqtikuli svarjiSosadmi midgoma unda iTvaliswinebdes wamyvanebis
mier meTodologiebis morgebas bavSvebis im kulturul da socialur garemosTan, romelSic
isini cxovroben.
araformaluri ganaTleba
bevr arCevansa da adaptacias wamyvani axorcielebs jgufis Semadgenlobaze, bavSvebis

asakze, wamyvanis kvalifikaciasa da im garemoze dayrdnobiT, romelSic is cxovrobs da
muSaobs. mniSvnelovania isic, Tu rogoria ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi: formaluri,
araformluri Tu formalursgare.
formaluri ganaTleba gulisxmobs ganaTlebis struqturirebul sistemas dawyebiTidan
umaRlesi ganaTlebis CaTvliT da SeiZleba agreTve moicvas teqnikuri da profesiuli
gadamzadebis specialuri programebi. mTavari moqmedi pirebi arian skolebi da rigi umaRlesi
saswavleblebisa. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia da bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia
moiTxoven, rom yvela bavSvma miiRos sul mcire dawyebiTi ganaTleba.
araformaluri ganaTleba gulisxmobs individualuri da socialuri ganaTlebis nebismier
miznobriv, nebayoflobiT da dagegmil programas, romlis mizania faseulobebis gacnoba da maTi
praqtikuli gamoyeneba, agreTve, demokratiuli cxovrebis wesisTvis damaxasiaTebeli farTo
speqtris unar-Cvevebisa da codnis gamomuSaveba. bavSvebze gaTvlili amgvari araformaluri
ganaTleba SeiZleba moicavdes skolisgareSe RonisZiebebs, fakultatur mecadineobebs
skolebSi, sazafxulo banakebsa da gasarTob centrebSi. araformaluri ganaTleba yuradRebas
amaxvilebs swavlis procesSi monawileobis principze.
formalursgare ganaTleba gulisxmobs aramiznobriv cxovrebiseul process, romlis
drosac yvela iTvisebs damokidebulebebs, faseulobebs, iZens unar-Cvevebsa da codnas sakuTari
garemocvis ganmanaTlebeli gavlenis da resursebis, agreTve, yoveldRiuri gamocdilebis
meSveobiT (ojaxi, mezoblebi, biblioTeka, masmedia, samuSao, TamaSi).
formaluri, araformaluri da formalursgare ganaTleba mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi
mimdinare saswavlo procesis damatebiTi da urTierTganmamtkicebeli elementebia.
`kompasitos~ praqtikuli savarjiSoebi sakmaod moqnilad aris dagegmili, raTa SesaZlebeli
iyos maTi gamoyeneba skolebSi, sabavSvo dawesebulebebSi, axalgazrdul klubebSi, sazafxulo
banakebSi, sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis Sesrulebisas da ojaxis pirobebSi.
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis CarTva

bavSvebTan muSaobis procesSi
iseve rogorc adamianis uflebebi aris yoveli adamianis yoveldRiuri cxovrebis
gamocdilebis nawili, ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi unda gaxdes bavSvebis mimdinare
saswavlo procesis ganuyofeli nawili. `kompasito~ ar aris gaTvlili an rekomendebuli rogorc
`kursi~ adamianis uflebebis sferoSi. es aris resursi, saidanac unda gaizardos bavSvebis codna
adamianis uflebebze, maTi cxovrebis konteqstidan gamomdinare. isargebleT SemTxveviT da
daukavSireT adamianis uflebebi yovelive imas, rac xdeba skolaSi, sazogadoebaSi da jgufSi,
romelTanac muSaobT. es SeiZleba iyos konfliqti saTamaSo moedanze, negatiuri ganwyoba
umciresobebis mimarT an gogonebis ardaSveba zogierT savarjiSoSi genderul niadagze. amasTan,
saWiroa Tavi aaridoT adamianis uflebebis ganxilvas mxolod maTi darRvevis kuTxiT. xazgasmiT
aRniSneT, rom Cven yoveldRe vsargeblobT adamianis uflebebiT.
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis erT-erTi upirvelesi mizania moqmedeba adamianis
uflebebis dasacavad. waaxaliseT da ganaviTareT bavSvebis unari miiRon saTanado da gaazrebuli
zomebi adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad. bavSvebisTvis es zomebi
SeiZleba moicavdes konfliqtebis mogvarebas erTi jgufis an ojaxis farglebSi, es SeiZleba
iyos damokidebulebis Secvla Zmebis an debis mimarT. SesaZlebelia ufro farTomasStabiani
zomebis miReba, magaliTad, adamianis uflebaTa dacvis saerTaSoriso dRis aRniSvna an adamianis
uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebisadmi miZRvnili xelovnebis nimuSebis gamofena. rac
ufro mcirewlovani iqnebian bavSvebi, miT ufro meti iqneba maTi damokidebuleba pedagogis
mxridan daxmarebaze SedarebiT rTuli proeqtebis wamowyebisa da ganxorcielebis dros.
28
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba
Tavad adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis miReba adamianis ZiriTadi uflebac aris
da pasuxismgeblobac: adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis preambula mouwodebs
`yvela adamians da sazogadoebis yovel nawils,~ miiswrafvoden `swavla-ganaTlebis meSveobiT
xeli Seuwyon am uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa pativiscemas~. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaraciis muxli 26.2 acxadebs, rom:
`ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos ... adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa pativiscemis
ganmtkicebisken. ganaTlebam xeli unda Seuwyos yvela xalxis, rasobrivi Tu religiuri jgufebis
urTierTgagebas, Semwynareblobasa da megobrobas da gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis moRvaweobas
mSvidobis SesanarCuneblad.~
samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti acxadebs, rom mTavroba àr unda
uSlides xels adamianebs [TavianTi uflebebis] SeswavlaSi~.
adamianebs, romlebmac ar ician TavianTi uflebebis Sesaxeb, ufro metad emuqrebaT maTi
darRveva da maT xSirad ar gaaCniaT saTanado leqsika da konceftualuri safuZvlebi, raTa
efeqtianad daicvan es uflebebi, rac kidev erTxel usvams xazs bavSvebisTvis adamianis uflebaTa
sferoSi ganaTlebis SemoRebis aucileblobas!
msoflio sul ufro erTsulovnad aRiarebs ganaTlebas adamianis uflebaTa dasacavad,
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb da adamianis uflebaTa praqtikuli gamoyenebis Sesaxeb,
rogorc arsebiTad mniSvnelovans maRali xarisxis ganaTlebisTvis. mas SeuZlia Tavisi wvlilis
Setana Tavisufali, samarTliani da mSvidobiani sazogadoebebis mSeneblobaSi. amasTan,
ganaTlebas adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi sul ufro aRiareben rogorc adamianis uflebaTa
darRvevebis Tavidan acilebis efeqtian strategias.
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi da ganaTlebis

sxva sferoebi
`kompasito~ agebulia adamianis uflebebis Semcveli cameti Temis garSemo da yoveli maTgani
uSualod ukavSirdeba adamianis erTsa Tu or konkretul uflebas (ix. Tavi V, gv. 202, romelic
Seicavs am Temebis ganxilvas):
* moqalaqeoba
* demokratia
* diskriminacia
* ganaTleba da Tavisufali dro
* garemo
* ojaxi da alternatiuli zrunva
* genderuli Tanasworoba
* janmrTeloba da keTildReoba
* media da interneti
* monawileoba
* mSvidoba da adamianis usafrTxoeba
* siRaribe da socialuri gariyva
* Zaladoba
yvela es Tema erTnairad mniSvnelovania. isini imdenad mWidro kavSirSia erTmaneTTan, rom
nebismieri maTganis ganxilva warmoqmnis kavSirs nebismier sxva TemasTan. es im faqtis pirdapiri
Sedegia, rom adamianis uflebebi ganuyofelia, urTierTdamokidebuli da dakavSirebulia:
SeuZlebelia maTi erTmaneTisgan izolirebulad ganxilva, radgan yvela maTgani ase Tu ise
dakavSirebulia erTmaneTTan.
am urTierTdamokidebulebis erT-erTi ilustraciaa qvemoT warmodgenili diagrama. gare
wreSi arsebuli sakiTxebi gadadis erTmaneTSi, iseve, rogorc centralur wreSi erTmaneTSi
ereva ganaTlebis sferoebi. Sesabamisad, warmodgenili analizi unda ganvixiloT rogorc erT-
erTi aRwera, romlis mizania, dagvexmaros imis axsnaSi, Tu rogor Seesatyviseba sxvadasxva Tema
mraval arsebul sganmanaTleblo sferos da rogor faraven erTmaneTs es sferoebi.
29
kulturaTaSorisi globaluri
antirasistuli ganaTleba
ganaTleba
genderuli
ganaTleba
ganaTleba
mdgradi
ganviTarebisTvis
ganaTleba adamianis
uflebaTa sferoSi
ganaTleba
samoqalaqo ganaTleba
sferoSi mSvidobis
sferoSi
ganaTleba piradi
moqalaqeobrivi
da socialuri
ganaTleba
faseulobebis
sferoSi
2. ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi

saerTaSoriso konteqstSi
... demokratia fiqsirebuli da ucvleli ar aris, igi yoveldRiurad unda Sendebodes da
Sendebodes yovel sazogadoebaSi.
dakaris samoqmedo programa
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi adamianis uflebaTa kulturis ganviTarebis

umniSvnelovanesi saSualeba gaxda. miuxedavad imisa, rom 1948 wlidan kanonmdebloba adamianis
uflebaTa sferoSi sul ufro aqtiurad viTardeba rogorc saerTaSoriso, ise evropul doneebze
da adamianis uflebebisadmi miZRvnili dokumentebis umetesoba mxars uWers ganaTlebas
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi, misi potenciali jerjerobiT realizebuli ar aris. arasakmarisad
gamoxatulma politikurma nebam, resursebis ukmarisobam da saswavlo masalis araadekvaturobam
SezRuda adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis efeqtianoba. Tumca, bolo aTwleulebis
ganmavlobaSi, adamianis uflebebis sferoSi momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebis ganviTarebam
da centraluri da aRmosavleTi evropis araerTi qveynis demokratiuli ganviTarebisken
svlam didi stimuli misca ganaTlebas adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi moZraobas. saerTaSoriso
organizaciebma mniSvnelovani roli Seitanes adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis ufro
efeqtiani da Tanmimdvruli strategiis erovnul doneze SemuSavebis saqmeSi.
30
gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis gaero-s msoflio programa
1994 wlis dekemberSi gaero-s generalurma asambleam 1995-2004 wlebi gamoacxada adamianis
uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis gaero-s dekadad. oficialuri rekomendacia ganaTlebas adamianis
uflebaTa sferoSi aRiarebs ZiriTad faqtorad sazogadoebebs Soris stabiluri da harmoniuli
urTierTobebis mxardasaWerad da Camosayalibeblad da urTierTgagebis, Semwynareblobisa
da mSvidobis warmosaCenad. igi yvela Stats da organizacias mouwodebs, Seitanon adamianis
uflebebi, humanitaruli kanonmdebloba, demokratia da kanonis uzenaesoba yvela saswavlo
dawesebulebis saswavlo programaSi formaluri da araformaluri ganaTlebis formiT.1
dekadis Semdgomi RonisZiebis saxiT, 2004 wlis dekemberSi gaero-s generalurma asambleam
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis gaero-s msoflio programa gamoacxada (mimdinareobs
2005 wlidan). adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis gaero-s dekadis miRwevebze dafuZnebuli
es saerTaSoriso programa miznad isaxavs xeli Seuwyos adamianis uflebebis realizebas
yovel sazogadoebaSi. msoflio programis 2005-2007 wlebis samoqmedo gegma yuradRebas
amaxvilebs dawyebiTi da saSualo ganaTlebis sistemebze da gvTavazobs konkretul strategiul
gegmebsa da praqtikul mosazrebebs erovnul doneze adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis
ganxorcielebis mizniT.2
mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis ganaTlebis gaero-s dekada
mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis ganaTlebis gaero-s dekada (2005-2014ww.) garemos dacvis saqmianobis

ganviTarebas ukavSirebs ganaTlebas adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi da xazgasmiT aRniSnavs,
rom ganaTlebas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs imisTvis, rom adamianebma SeiZinon is unar-Cvevebi
da SesaZleblobebi, romlebic aucilebelia garemos dacvis da garemosdacviTi saqmianobis
ganviTarebis sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad.3
“CyberSchoolbus”-i – gaero-s specialuri proeqti bavSvebisTvis
“CyberSchoolbus”-i aris internetSi mimdinare gaero-s globaluri saswavlo da SemecnebiTi

proeqti, romlis mizania bavSvebis CarTva adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sakiTxebSi. “CyberSchoolbus”-i
agrovebs saintereso ambebs im klasebis an skolebis Sesaxeb, romlebic icaven da mxars uWeren
adamianis uflebebs TavianT TemebSi, samezobloebsa da qalaqebSi. es istoriebi moswavleebis
mier Catarebuli qmedebebis globaluri atlasis nawili xdeba, romelsac “CyberSchoolbus”-i
adgens da aqveynebs internetSi.
iunesko
iunesko – gaero-s organizacia ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis sakiTxebSi mTavar

rols TamaSobda im proeqtebis SemuSavebaSi, ganxorcielebasa da SefasebaSi, romlebic
gaTvaliswinebuli iyo adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis gaero-s dekadis farglebSi.
iTvaliswinebs ra, rom swavlis procesSi yuradReba unda gamaxvildes im faseulobebis,
damokidebulebebisa da unar-Cvevebis SeZenaze, romlebic aucilebelia Tanamedrove
sazogadoebebSi warmoqmnili problemebis mosagvareblad, ìuneskos~ Tavisi wvlili Seaqvs
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis erovnuli strategiebis SemuSavebaSi, igi amuSavebs
saswavlo masalas da moRvaweobs propagandis da kontaqtebis damyarebis sakiTxebze. iunesko
kvlavindeburad mTavar rols TamaSobs adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis gaero-s
msoflio programis ganxorcielebaSi (mimdinareobs 2005 wlidan).
ìuneskos~ moRvaweoba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis ganxriT damtkicebuli iqna
dakaris samoqmedo programiT (2000-2015ww.) – axali globaluri prioritetis mqone programiT,
romelic SemuSavda 2000 wels gamarTul ganaTlebis msoflio forumze. programa adasturebs
saerTaSoriso masStabiT ùmaRlesi xarisxis~ ganaTlebis saWiroebas, rac gulisxmobs tradiciuli
saskolo saswavlo programis gafarToebas adamianis uflebebisadmi damokidebulebisa da iseTi
axali dargebis CarTvis meSveobiT, rogoric aris kulturuli mravalferovneba, ganaTlebaSi
mravali enis arseboba, mSvidoba, Zaladobaze uaris Tqma, mdgradi ganviTareba da cxovrebisTvis
aucilebeli unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.4
31
iunisefi
ukve samoci welia, rac iunisefi bavSvebisTvis msoflio masStabis sayrdeni Zalaa. amJamad
igi msoflios 191 qveyanaSi funqcionirebs. igi partnioris saxiT TanamSromlobs gaero-s
saagentoebis, mTavrobebis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis da adgilobrivi masobrivi
organizaciebis farTo koaliciasTan, raTa daexmaros maT iseTi samyaros mSeneblobaSi, sadac
realizebuli iqneba yoveli bavSvis uflebebi. Tavis saqmianobaSi iunisefi bavSvis uflebaTa
konvenciiT xelmZRvanelobs.
2002 wlis maisSi gaero-s generaluri asambleis sgangebo sesiaze gamoica dokumenti _ `msoflio
bavSvebisTvis~, romelSic Camoyalibebulia Semdegi aTwleulis axali programa msoflios
bavSvebisTvis. igi aRiarebs, rom mTavrobebs, arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, aseve TviT bavSvebs
da mozardebs akisriaT arsebiTi roli bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciiT garantirebuli yvela
uflebiT bavSvebis mier sargeblobis uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi. amisTvis saswavlo programebi,
masalebi da TviT saswavlo garemo `srulad unda asaxavdes adamianis uflebebisa da mSvidobis,
Semwynareblobisa da genderuli Tanasworobis faseulobebis dacvas da mxardaWeras~.5
ìunisefs~ aqvs mravali programa, romlebsac wvlili Seaqvs adamianis uflebebis warmoCenis
saqmeSi saerTaSoriso da regionuli masStabiT, agreTve individualur qveynebSi. àxalgazrdobis
xmebi~ aris ìunisefis~ mier bavSvebisadmi miZRvnili vebgverdi, sadac moipoveba globaluri
masStabis informacia bavSvebis cxovrebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze, agreTve interaqtiuli
TamaSebi bavSvTa uflebebis mxardasaWerad.6 iunisefis “Innocenti Research Center” ikvlevs
bavSvebis mdgomareobas saerTaSoriso masStabiT im rwmeniT, rom bavSvTa uflebebis codna da
gaTviTcnobiereba aumjobesebs bavSvebis mdgomareobas msoflios yvela qveyanaSi.7
evropis sabWo
evropis sabWos wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis adamianis uflebebi gacilebiT metia, vidre maTi
samarTlebrivi sistemis Semadgeneli erT-erTi nawili: isini unda warmoadgendnen bavSvebis,
axalgazrdebisa da zrdasruli adamianebis ganaTlebis ganuyofel nawils. ministrTa komitetis
rekomendacia No. R(85)7 skolebSi adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da Seswavlis Sesaxeb xazs
usvams imas, rom yvela axalgazrda unda swavlobdes adamianis uflebebs, rac pluralistul
demokratiaSi cxovrebisTvis maTi momzadebis nawilia, da amgvari midgoma nel-nela vrceldeba
sxvadasxva evropul qveyanasa da organizaciaSi.8
saparlamento asambleis rekomendacia 1346 (1997), miZRvnili adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi
ganaTlebisadmi, gvTavazobs RonisZiebebis rigs evropaSi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi
ganaTlebis gasaZliereblad.
`garda amisa, asamblea iZleva rekomendacias, rom ministrTa komitetma

ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi dasaxos evropis sabWos momavali wlebis
saxelmwifoTaSorisi saqmianobis prioritetad.~9
evropis sabWo mWidrod TanamSromlobs gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris

ofisTan, iuneskosTan, evrokomisiasTan da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan adamianis
uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebisa da demokratiuli moqalaqeobis aRsazrdelad mimarTuli
ganaTlebis sferoSi. magaliTad, evropis sabWos gansakuTrebuli roli ukavia adamianis
uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis msoflio programis (2005-2007ww.) evropis doneze ganxorcielebis
monitoringis saqmeSi. aRniSnuli saqmianoba moicavs konkretuli samoqmedo programis
SemuSavebas da saerTaSoriso da adgilobriv doneebs Soris partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis
gaZlierebas.
2007 wels evropis sabWom wamoiwyo proeqti demokratiuli moqalaqeobis aRsazrdelad
ganaTlebis da adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis saprogramo dokumentis SemuSavebis
mizniT. zemoxsenebuli yovlismomcveli dokumentis miReba daawesebs wevr saxelmwifoTa
valdebulebebs da SesaZlebels gaxdis maT mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebis Sefasebas.
amgvari progresuli instrumenti iqneba am sferoSi momuSave araformaluri organizaciebis
mniSvnelovani aRiareba da uzrunvelyofs Sesabamisi standartebiT ufro farTo saerTaSoriso
garemos.
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis axalgazrduli programa
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis axalgazrduli programa wamowyebul iqna 2000

wels evropis sabWos axalgazrduli seqtoris saqmianobis prioritetuli mimarTulebis saxiT.
32
mis mTavar mizans warmoadgens adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis CarTva axalgazrduli
saqmianobis yvela mimarTulebaSi. pirveli sami weli moxmarda iseT mniSvnelovan saqmianobas,
rogoricaa axalgazrdebisTvis saswavlo saSualebebis SemuSaveba da maTTvis treningis Catarebis
SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofa, aseve partniorTa qselis Seqmna saxelmwifo da adgilobriv
doneebze. meore samwlian periodSi programa yuradRebas amaxvilebda axalgazrdebis konkretuli
daucveli jgufebisTvis SesaZleblobebis Seqmnaze da sxvadasxva strategiis SemuSavebaze
rasizmis, qsenofobiis, diskriminaciisa da genderuli Zaladobis sakiTxebze muSaobis mizniT.
2000 wlidan Seiqmna ramdenime axali saswavlo saSualeba, Catarda sxvadasxva xangrZlivi da
gaZlierebuli saswavlo kursi da ganxorcielda asobiT evropis masStabiT dafinansebuli
sacdeli proeqti. am programis mniSvnelovani saswavlo resursi – `kompasi~ – saxelmZRvanelo
adamianis uflebebis ganaTlebis sferoSi axalgazrdebis monawileobiT _ 2001 wels misi
gamoqveynebis Semdeg 20 ucxo enaze iTargmna. kaskaduri efeqtis wyalobiT programa gavrcelda
im asobiT arasamTavrobo organizaciaze evropis masStabiT, romlebic sargeblobdnen evropis
axalgazrduli fondis mier SemoTavazebuli sacdeli proeqtebis mxardaWeriT. ganaTleba
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi moeqca evropis axalgazrdobis saqmianobis centrSi, man formalur
ganaTlebazec sasargeblo gavlena moaxdina. 2006 wlidan programam yuradReba gaamaxvila,
agreTve, kulturaTaSoris dialogze.
ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisTvis
ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ZiriTadi komponentia kidev erTi midgomisa -

demokratiuli maqalaqeobisken mimarTuli ganaTlebisa, romelic bavSvebs, axalgazrdebs da
zrdasrul adamianebs aZlevs codnas, unar-Cvevebs da aswavlis damokidebulebebs, romlebic
maT daexmarebaT TavianT TemebSi qmediTi rolis SesrulebaSi. 1997 wlidan evropis sabWos
demokratiuli moqalaqeobisTvis mimarTuli ganaTlebis programis farglebSi SemuSavda
koncefciebi, debulebebi da politikuri strategiebi da Seiqmna saTanado qselebi am
saqmianobis ganxorcielebis xelSewyobis mizniT. 2005 welma, romelsac ewoda `ganaTlebis
meSveobiT moqalaqeobis weli~, ganamtkica wevr saxelmwifoTa mzadyofna _ demokratiuli
moqalaqeobisTvis ganaTleba saswavlo strategiis nawilad aqcion. amJamad programa miznad
isaxavs, zemoxsenebuli strategiebis ganviTarebis, kvlevisa da pedagogTa gadamzadebisa da
demokratiuli mmarTvelobis praqtikaSi saukeTeso praqtikis danergvis mxardaWeris gziT
uzrunvelyos mdgradoba. programis axali publikacia _ `bavSvTa uflebebis gamokvleva:
gakveTilebis Tanmimdevroba dawyebiTi skolebisTvis~ _ warmoadgens konkretul ideebs imasTan
dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor unda moxdes bavSvTa uflebebze muSaoba saklaso oTaxSi.10
àvaSenoT evropa bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan erTad~
àvaSenoT evropa bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan erTad” (2006-2008ww.) evropis sabWos programaa,

romlis mizania, daexmaros gadawyvetilebaTa mimReb pirebs da dainteresebul mxareebs
im erovnuli strategiisa da politikis SemuSavebaSi, romelic uzrunvelyofs erTobliv
midgomas bavSvis uflebebis mxardaWerisadmi da nebismieri formis Zaladobisgan bavSvebis
dacvisadmi. programis farglebSi evropis sabWo axorcielebs sakuTari samarTlebrivi
bazisa da instrumentebis gadaxedvas da awesebs axal standartebs evropaSi bavSvis uflebaTa
realizaciis gaumjobesebis mizniT. igi gamodis sainformacio kampaniebisa da saswavlo-
sawvrTneli programebis iniciatoradac, raTa daxmareba gauwios mTavrobebsa da arasamTavrobo
organizaciebs bavSvis uflebaTa ufro efeqtiani strategiis SemuSavebaSi.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi uzarmazar rols TamaSoben adamianis uflebaTa msoflio

kulturis ganviTarebaSi, gansakuTrebiT saxelmwifo da adgilobriv doneebze, vinaidan
mTavrobebi xSirad ar asruleben danapirebs, rodesac saqme exeba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi
ganaTlebis CarTvas saswavlo programebSi. es aris kvalificiuri specialistebisgan Semdgari
aqtiuri jgufebi, romlebmac TavianTi wvlili Seitanes adamianis uflebaTa kanonmdeblobis
SemuSavebaSi da yuradRebiT akvirdebian adamianis uflebebis realizacias saxelmwifo doneze.
adamianis uflebaTa zogierTi globaluri organizacia, magaliTad, “Amnesty International”,
sistematurad avrcelebs informacias adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebiT
da msoflio masStabiT gamoscems saswavlo programebs. adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis
xalxTa dekada (PDHRE-International) amuSavebs programebs adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi da
uzrunvelyofs am sferoSi ganaTlebis vebgverdis funqcionirebas, romelic Seesatyviseba
33
adamianebis yoveldRiur cxovrebas maT mier socialuri da ekonomikuri samarTlianobisTvis da
demokratiisTvis warmoebuli brZolis konteqstSi.
zogierTi axalgazrduli organizacia, magaliTad, “Human Rights Education Associates” (HREA),
”Democracy and Human Rights Education in Europe” (DARE) da mravali sxva, yuradRebas amaxvilebs
ganaTlebaze adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi. isini mxars uWeren adamianis uflebebis Seswavlas
da aqtivistebisa da profesionalebis gadamzadebas, amuSaveben saswavlo masalebs da muSaoben
demokratiuli moqalaqeobisTvis da adamianis uflebebis dacvis sferoSi ganaTlebis
gaumjobesebaze. sxva organizaciebi yuradRebas amaxvileben ganaTlebaze bavSvTa uflebebis
sferoSi. zogierTi maTganisTvis, magaliTad, organizaciebisTvis “Save the Children” an “Fondation
Terre des homes” (Tdh) es warmoadgens maTi msoflio masStabis misiis arss. kidev sxva organizaciebi,
rogoricaa “Children’s Rights Information Network”, emsaxurebian bavSvTa sakiTxebze momuSave asobiT
arasamTavrobo organizacias informaciis Segrovebisa da gavrcelebis meSveobiT. mravali
arasamTavrobo organizacia evropisa da msoflio masStabiT axdens adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi
ganaTlebis saswavlo programebisa da proeqtebis organizebas adgilobriv da saxelmwifo
doneebze bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis monawileobiT.
arsebobs adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis mravali tipi da im organizaciebisa da
kerZo pirebis farTo speqtri, romlebic cdiloben adamianis uflebebis swavlebis mxardaWeras.
am mcdelobebs aerTianebs is, rom yvela maTgani moqceulia adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso
sakanonmdeblo CarCoebSi da cdilobs misces adamianebs saSualeba, ganaxorcielon adamianis
uflebebi TavianT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi konkretuli da praqtikuli saSualebebiT. amasTan,
isini iziareben adamianis uflebebis faseulobebsa da principebs, romlebic Sejamebulia
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis preambulaSi: `... adamianTa ojaxis yvela wevrisTvis
Tandayolili Rirseba da Tanaswori da ganuyofeli uflebebi ...~.
--------------------------------
sasargeblo wyaroebi:
* ABC: Teaching Human Rights Education: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2004: www.
unhchr.ch/html/menu6/2/abc.htm#1.
* Claude, Richard, The Bells of Freedom; erc.hrea.org/Library/Bells_of_Freedom/index.html.
* Compendium of good practices in human rights education in the school system, including citizenship education
and education for mutual respect and understanding: www.hrea.org/compendium
* First steps: A Menual for Starting Human Rights Education: Amnesty International, 1996; http:/erc.hrea.org/
Library/First_Steps/index.html
* Flowers, Nancy, The Human Rights Education Handbook: University of Minnesota Human Rights Center,
2000: www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/hreduseries/hrhandbook/toc.html
* Gollob, Rolf and Kraft, Peter, Exploring Children’s Rights: lesson sequences for primary schools: Strasbourg,
Education for Democratic Citizenship, 2006: www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/edc/Source/Pdf/Documents/2006_17_
ExploringChildrensRights_En.pdf
* Play it Right! Human Rights Toolkit for Summer Camps in the City of Montreal: Equitas, International Centre
for Human Rights Education, 2006: www.equitas.org
* Set of drawings to discuss children’s rights: www.vormen.org/downloads/ChildrensRightsTextillustr.pps
* Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action: World Conference on Human Rights, United Nations, Vienna,
1993: www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/A.CONF.157.23.En?OpenDocument
34
------------------------------------
sasargeblo vebgverdebi:
* “Amnesty International”: www.amnesty.org

* àvaSenoT evropa bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan erTad~: www.coe.int/children
* `bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli~: www.crin.org
* demokratia da ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi evropaSi: www.dare-network.org
* èvropis bavSvTa qseli~ (EURONET): www.europeanchildrensnetwork.org
* “Fondation Terre des homes”: www.tdh.ch
* “Human Rights Watch”: www.hrw.org
* `partniorebi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis sakiTxebSi~: www.hrea.org
* adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis axalgazrduli programa: www.coe.int/compass
* gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisi: www.ohchr.org
* adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis xalxTa dekada/adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi
ganaTlebis saerTaSoriso moZraoba: www.pdhre.org/index.html
* gaero-s “CyberSchoolbus”: www0.un.org/cyberschoolbus
* iunesko: www.unesco.org
* iunisefi: www.unicef.org
* iunisefis Innocenti Research Centre: www.unicef-irc.org
* iunisefis àxalgazrdebis xmebi~: www.unicef.org/voy
* adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis gaero-s msoflio programa (2005 wlidan
dRemde): www.ohchr.org/english/issues/education/training/programme.htm
------------------------------------
gamoyenebuli literatura:
1. United Nations World Conference on Human Rights, 1993, Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,
para. 33 of Section 1.
2. ix.www.ohchr.org./english/issues/education/training/programme.htm
3. ix.http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php-URL_ID=272348&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_
SECTION=201.html
4. The Dakar Framework for Action – Education for All: meeting with our commitments, World Education
Forum, Dakar, Senegal, 26-28 April, 2000: www.unesco.org/education/efa/ed_for_all/framework.shtml
5. ix.www.unicef.org/specialsession/documentation/documents/A-S27-19-Rev1E-annex.pdf
6. ix. www.unicef.org/voy
7. ix. www.unicef-irc/org
8. Recommendation No R (85) 7 of the Committee of Ministers: https://wcd.coe.int/com.instranet.
InstraServlet?Command=com.instranet.CmdBlobGet&Docld=686452&SecMode=1&Admin=0&Usage=4&
InstranetImage=45239
9. Council of Europe’s Parliamentary Assembly Recommendation 1346 (1997) on human rights education,
point 12
10. Gollob, Rolf and Kraft, Peter, Exploring Children’s Rights: lesson sequences for primary schools: Strasbourg,
Education for Democratic Citizenship, 2006
35
36
III. rogor gamoviyenoT `kompasito~
`vercerTi bavSvi ver Seiswavlis adamianis uflebebs iseT garemoSi, romelic TviTon ar scems
pativs da mxars ar uWers adamianis uflebaTa kulturas. yvelaze didi wvlili, romelic SeiZleba
pedagogma Seitanos adamianis uflebebis SeswavlaSi bavSvis mier, aris amgvari garemos Seqmna.~
`kompasitos~ gamoyenebis sawyisi etapi

winamdebare Tavis mizania wamyvanebisTvis praqtikuli informaciis miwodeba `kompasitos~
gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT. magram nu SegaSinebT amdeni `rogor~ da ùnda~. aravin icnobs
Tqvens garemos da bavSvebs Tqvenze ukeTesad. isargebleT im informaciiT da rCevebiT, romlebic
gamogadgebaT, da CaatareT aqtivobebi Tqvens jgufSi. Tu gagiCndaT kiTxvebi, SegiZliaT am
dokumentSi moiZioT TqvenTvis sasargeblo pasuxebi. Tu moaxerxebT iseTi garemos Seqmnas,
romelic pativs scems da mxars uWers bavSvis uflebebs, CaTvaleT, rom Tqveni bavSvi ukve
swavlobs adamianis uflebebs!
saskolo programaSi Casmuli gakveTilebis gegmisgan gansxvavebiT, `kompasitos~ SemuSavebisas
SevecadeT, SesaZlebeli gagvexada misi optimaluri adaptireba im mraval garemosTan, romlebSic
bavSvebs SeuZliaT adamianis uflebebis Seswavla – dawyebuli sazafxulo banakebiTa da skolisgare
programebiT da damTavrebuli axalgazrduli jgufebiTa da treningiT savele pirobebSi,
saklaso oTaxSi Catarebuli gakveTilebis CaTvliT. miuxedavad imisa, rom `kompasitoSi~ Semavali
bevri savarjiSo moiTxovs winaswar momzadebas, maTi Catareba SesaZlebelia TiTqmis yvelgan da
nebismier dros. im momentis gamoZebna, rodesac bavSvebi yvelaze kargad aiTviseben gakveTilebs
adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb _ romelic, magaliTad, SeiZleba SeirCes jgufSi konfliqtis
warmoqmnis SemTxvevaSi an maSin, rodesac jgufSi aRniSnaven raime warmatebas _ wamyvanis mier
amocanis Sesrulebis xelSewyobis xelovnebis nawils _ Tqveni xelovnebisa!
winamdebare Tavi moicavs Semdeg Temebs:
* `kompasitos~ mizani
* swavla gamocdilebis safuZvelze
* wamyvanis mier amocanis gamartiveba
* azrovnebisa da swavlebis stili
* bavSvebis ganviTarebis stadiebi
* ras warmoadgens `kompasitos~ praqtikuli savarjiSo?
* bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia rogorc safuZveli
* praqtikul savarjiSoTa SerCeva
* praqtikul savarjiSoTa adaptireba
* rCevebi monawileobis xelSewyobis mizniT
* rCevebi amocanis gamartivebis mizniT
* adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis praqtikuli gamoyeneba
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis Semdgomi ganxilva SegiZliaT ixiloT II Tavis pirvel
nawilSi, gv. 25.
`kompasitos~ mizani
`kompasitos~ mizania bavSvebSi iseTi codnis, unar-Cvevebis, faseulobebisa da
damokidebulebebis ganviTareba, romlebic maT esaWiroebaT imisTvis, rom monawileoba miiRon
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi sakuTari da sxvaTa uflebebis codniT da dacviT, riTac bavSvebs
aqtiuri wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT adamianis uflebaTa kulturis CamoyalibebaSi.
zemoaRniSnuli miznebis misaRwevad `kompasitos~ saswavlo aqtivobebi Semdegnairad aris

dagegmili:
* dawyeba iqidan, rac bavSvebma ukve ician, rac iqneba axali ideebisa da perspeqtivebis
Seswavlis safuZveli;
* bavSvebisTvis stimulis micema, raTa maT aqtiuri monawileoba miiRon gamarTul
diskusiebSi da rac SeiZleba meti iswavlon erTmaneTisgan;
* bavSvebis STagoneba da maTTvis SesaZleblobis Seqmna, gamoiyenon Tavisi codna da martivi,
37
gaazrebuli da Sesaferisi qmedebebiT mxari dauWiron samarTlianobas, Tanasworobas da
adamianis uflebebs;
* bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ZiriTad faseulobaTa asaxva da bavSvebSi adamianis
uflebaTa kulturis danergvis xelSewyoba.
xSirad SeuZlebelia urTierTobebTan dakavSirebuli damokidebulebebisa da faseulobebis,

kritikuli azrovnebis, aqtiuri mxardaWeris, pasuxismgeblobis, sxvaTa mimarT Semwynareblobisa
da pativiscemis swavleba, amitom saWiroa maTi Seswavla gamocdilebis meSveobiT. Sesabamisad,
`kompasitos~ aqtivobebi mxars uWers TanamSromlobas, aqtiur monawileobas da swavlas. maTi
mizania bavSvis gonebis, gulis da xelebis erTiani CarTva procesSi. mxolod is bavSvi ikisrebs
personalur pasuxismgeblobas sxva adamianebis uflebaTa dacvaze, romelsac esmis, rom adamianis
uflebebi gamomdinareobs adamianis Zireuli moTxovnilebebidan, da romelic TanaugrZnobs sxva
adamianebs.
swavla gamocdilebis safuZvelze

rogor unda ganvaviTaroT bavSvSi sxva adamianebis uflebaTa gaTviTcnobiereba da
TanagrZnoba? ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi gulisxmobs codnis miRebas piradi da
socialuri gardaqmnis mizniT. am gardaqmnis misaRwevad `kompasitos~ praqtikuli savarjiSoebi
xuTfazian saswavlo cikls efuZneba:
gamocdilebis SeZena
(savarjiSo, `moqmedeba~)
gamoyeneba (naswavli masalis ganxilva (reaqciisa da dak-

gamoyeneba, adrindeli qcevis virvebebis gaziareba momxdar-
Secvla) Tan dakavSirebiT)
ganzogadeba (magaliTebis ganx- gaazreba (magaliTebisa da dina-

ilva, dadgena imisa, Tu rogor mikis ganxilva gamocdilebis
Seesabameba adamianebis mier siRrmiseuli gagebis mizniT)
naswavli `realur samyaros~)
miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela es faza SeiZleba yovelTvis ar iyos mkafiod gamoxatuli an
misdios zemoaRniSnul Tanmimdevrobas, isini damaxasiaTebelia `kompasitos~ yvela praqtikuli
savarjiSosTvis.
gamocdilebaze damyarebuli saswavlo meTodologia saSualebas aZlevs bavSvebs SeiZinon
da Secvalon codna, unar-Cvevebi, damokidebulebebi da faseulobebi maTTvis saintereso da
gasarTob usafrTxo garemoSi. vinaidan igi asabuTebs bavSvebis gamocdilebas da stimuls aZlevs
maT, ikisron pasuxismgebloba sakuTar swavlaze, gamocdilebaze damyarebuli swavla aaqtiurebs
bavSvebis monawileobas, aZlierebs maT TviTdajerebulobas da TviTrwmenas. am ciklis yoveli
faza pativiscemiT ekideba bavSvebis cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas da, amavdroulad, mouwodebs
maT, gamoTqvan azrebi, daakvirdnen da gaiazron nanaxi, dasvan kiTxvebi da gamoitanon daskvnebi.
gamocdilebis SeZena
pirveli fazis mizania ara `swori pasuxebis~ miReba, aramed yoveli bavSvis sakuTari
Tvalsazrisis, Teoriebisa da grZnobebis stimulireba. es pasuxebi umetes SemTxvevaSi
gamomdinareobs bavSvis adrindeli gamocdilebidan da ara skolaSi miRebuli codnidan.
magaliTad, praqtikul savarjiSoSi ìyo da ara iyo ra~, gv. 112, bavSvebi aTviTcnobiereben
38
genderul stereotipebs kargad cnobili istoriis mosmeniT, romelSic Sebrunebulia sqesTa
rolebi. praqtikul savarjiSoSi `msoflios bavSvTa sazafxulo banaki~, gv. 126, bavSvebi TamaSis
partnioris arCevisas awydebian maTTvis Seucnob winaswar Seqmnil warmodgenebs.
ganxilva
meore faza mouwodebs bavSvebs, isaubron maTi grZnobebisa da reaqciebis Sesaxeb. magaliTad,
`kompasitos~ yoveli praqtikuli savarjiSos nawilSi `savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilva da Sefaseba~
bavSvebi pasuxoben Semdeg kiTxvebs: `rogori STabeWdileba moaxdina Senze am savarjiSom?~,
`rogor grZnobdi Tavs am savarjiSos msvlelobis dros?~ an `ra moxda am TamaSis dros?~.
msgavsi araerTmniSvnelovani kiTxvebi iZleva farTo speqtris piradi Tvalsazrisis gamoTqmis
saSualebas arasubieqtur konteqstSi.
praqtikuli savarjoSos Semdgomi gamokiTxvis mniSvneloba uaRresad didia. Tu Cven ar
davuTmeT adekvaturi dro bavSvebis pasuxebis ganxilvas da mkafiod ar davukavSireT isini
adamianis uflebebs, es savarjiSo ukeTes SemTxvevaSi iqneba mxolod TamaSi, drostareba,
romelic advilad daaviwydebaT bavSvebs. uares SemTxvevaSi man SeiZleba gaaZlieros negatiuri
damokidebulebebi da stereotipebi, SecdomaSi Seiyvanos an daabnios bavSvebi, an SeiZleba
gauCinos da ar Seurbilos maT mtkivneuli gancdebi. Tu ar gagaCniaT sakmarisi dro detaluri
gamokiTxvisTvis, nu wamoiwyebT savarjiSos.
gaazreba
mesame fazas mihyavs bavSvebi praqtikuli savarjiSos Sedegad miRebuli gamocdilebidan
ganzogadebul daskvnebamde. magaliTad, savarjiSoSi `Rormucela~, gv. 180, bavSvebi igeben,
ramdenad mniSvnelovania erToblivi saqmianoba, xolo TamaSis Semdeg gamarTuli msjelobis
dros maT sTxoven, isaubron am aRmoCenaze. kiTxvebis `Tu gangicdiaT msgavsi ram cxovrebaSi?~ an
`Tu icnobT msgavs vinmes?~ dasma exmareba bavSvebs saTanado kavSirebis gabmaSi.
ganzogadeba
meoTxe faza akavSirebs praqtikuli savarjiSos procesSi miRebul gamocdilebas zogadad
`realur samyaros~ da konkretulad imas, Tu rogor xdeba adamianis uflebebis gancda
yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. magaliTad, im gaTamaSebuli savarjiSoebis Semdeg, rogoricaa
`Tvalaxveuli~, gv. 104, an ùxmo diqtori~, gv. 173, bavSvebi msjeloben imaze, Tu rogor SeuZliaT
fizikur defeqtebs SeuzRudon bavSvs adamianis uflebebiT sargeblobis unari. mesame da meoTxe
fazebi gansakuTrebiT efeqtiania damoukidebeli azrovnebis ganviTarebis da bavSvebisTvis
erTmaneTisgan swavlis SesaZleblobebis pirobis Seqmnis TvalsazrisiT. amasTan, swavla uaRresad
individualuria: yvela bavSvi rodi miiRebs erTsa da imave codnas erTsa da imave savarjiSoSi da
Semdgom msjelobaSi monawileobis Sedegad. saWiroa yuradRebiT movekidoT gacemul pasuxebSi
arsebul gansxvavebebsac.
gamoyeneba
mexuTe fazaSi bavSvebi iZieben imas, Tu risi gakeTeba SeuZliaT sakuTriv maT adamianis
uflebaTa sakiTxebis mosagvareblad. moqmedebis dawyeba aramarto saswavlo procesis logikuri
Sedegia, aramed axali codnis, unar-Cvevebisa da damokidebulebebis ganmtkicebis mniSvnelovani
saSualebac, rac qmnis safuZvels ciklis Semdegi etapis dawyebisTvis. es demokratiaSi aqtiuri
moqalaqeobis ganviTarebis procesis ZiriTadi elementic aris: calkeul adamianebs, bavSvobis
asakSic ki, SeuZliaT garkveuli cvlilebis Setana. magaliTad, savarjiSo `konstitucia Cveni
jgufisTvis~, gv. 120, ubiZgebs jgufs Camoayalibos sakuTari uflebebi da valdebulebebi,
romlebsac is mimarTavs konfliqtebis dasaregulireblad da romlebsac is saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi gadaxedavs demokratiuli principebidan gamomdinare, xolo savarjiSo `TiToeul
xmas mniSvneloba aqvs~, gv. 107, mouwodebs bavSvebs, moiZion jgufuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebis
demokratiuli meTodebi. Tumca `kompasitos~ praqtikuli savarjiSoebis mizani bavSvebis CarTva
da garTobaa, isini mizandasaxulia da sTavazobs bavSvebs SesaZleblobas, gamoiyenon naswavli
sakuTar socialur garemoSi. savarjiSoTa umetesobaSi aris nawili `ramdenime idea, romlebic
muSaobaSi dagexmarebaT~. moqmedeba SeiZleba iyos individualuri da aisaxos mxolod bavSvis
pirad cxovrebaSi, magaliTad, es SeiZleba iyos axleburi damokidebuleba debis da Zmebis mimarT.
moqmedeba SeiZleba iyos koleqtiuri, romlis Sedegadac SesaZlebelia SemuSavdes axali saklaso
wesebi an saTamaSo moedanze warmoqmnili konfliqtebis mogvarebis axali gzebi. adamianis
globaluri uflebebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT `moqmedebis~ axal da martiv saSualebebs
bavSvebs internetic sTavazobs. ixileT adamianis uflebebisa da garemosdacviTi arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis vebgverdebi da moiZieT samoqmedo ideebi.
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ra donis da tipisac ar unda iyos bavSvebis moqmedeba, mas Tavad bavSvebi unda irCevdnen
da marTavdnen. wamyvans SeuZlia waaxalisos da daexmaros bavSvebs maTi miznebis Sesaferisi
moqmedebis SerCevaSi, magram moqmedebis dawyebis iniciativa unda modiodes bavSvebisgan,
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi bavSvebi iswavlian ara imas, Tu rogor gaxdnen aqtiuri moqalaqeebi,
aramed maTi ufrosis miTiTebebis Sesrulebas.
mcire zomis jgufebSic ki SeiZleba arsebobdes didi gansxvaveba bavSvebs Soris moqmedebis
dawyebis mzadyofnis da survilis TvalsazrisiT. arc yvela maTgani, vinc moisurvebs raimes
gakeTebas, daTanxmdeba erTsa da imave moqmedebaze. wamyvani unda daexmaros bavSvebs im moqmedebis
variantebis diapazonis moZiebaSi, romelic daakmayofilebs maT mravalferovan SesaZleblobebsa
da interesebs. wamyvanis roli uaRresad mniSvnelovania, radgan igi valdebulia, mouwodos
bavSvebs, ifiqron TavianTi gamocdilebis WrilSi, gansakuTrebiT ki daukavSiron adamianis
uflebebs sakiTxebi, romlebic maT awuxebT. magaliTad, bavSvebs SeuZliaT miiRon damoukidebeli
gadawyvetileba imis Taobaze, rom maTi skola ukeT unda xvdebodes axal mowafeebs, magram maT
SesaZloa dasWirdeT wamyvanis daxmareba maTi qmedebebis dasakavSireblad adamianis uflebebiT
sargeblobisas diskriminaciis akrZalvis principTan.
wamyvanis mier gaweuli daxmareba

`kompasito~ `wamyvans~ uwodebs yvela im adamians, romelic amzadebs, warmoadgens da
koordinacias uwevs yvela savarjiSos da qmnis iseT garemos, romelSic bavSvebs SeuZliaT
iswavlon, ganicadon da gamoscadon adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. wamyvani
qmnis scenas da warmoadgens siuJets, romelSic pativiscemiT epyrobian adamianis uflebebs,
magram am scenaze mTavari rolebis Semsruleblebi bavSvebi arian. Tumca srulyofili garemo
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis misaRebad ar arsebobs. TviT is situaciebic, rodesac
bavSvebi arRveven erTmaneTis uflebebs, SeiZleba gaxdes saswavlo gamocdileba. amasTan,
nebismieri savarjiSos warmateba damokidebulia, ZiriTadad, wamyvanis taqtze, unarze da
praqtikul gamocdilebaze.
bavSvebTan momuSave mravalma adamianma ar icis, ra aris daxmareba swavlaSi, da miaCnia, rom
igi moiTxovs did Zalisxmevas da mouxerxebelia. maT eWvi ar eparebaT TavianT tradiciul
_ `lideris~ an `maswavleblis~ _ rolSi. bavSvebis umravlesobac, rogorc wesi, moelis,
rom ufrosebi miawodeben informacias, Tumca bavSvebi meti enTuziazmiT kisruloben
pasuxismgeblobas TavianTi swavlisadmi, vidre ufrosebi, romlebic Znelad Tmoben TavianT,
rogorc avtoritetebisa da eqspertebis, rols. Tumca daxmareba Zneli ar aris, da bevri wamyvani
swavlobs mas `saqmis keTebis procesSi~, Tu, ra Tqma unda, maT esmiT da isini Tanaxmani arian
gadavidnen swavlebis iseT stilze, romlis centrSi bavSvia da romlisadmi midgoma gulisxmobs
swavlas miRebuls gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT.
daxmarebis xelovneba moiTxovs aramarto yuradRebis fokusis Senacvlebas, aramed maRali
donis TviTanalizsac. vinaidan bavSvebze uzarmazar gavlenas axdens ufrosebis saqcieli,
wamyvanebma didi sifrTxile unda gamoiCinon adamianis uflebaTa faseulobebis im modelebis
Seqmnisas, romelTa gadacemac surT bavSvebisTvis. magaliTad, genderuli stereotipis
Seqmnisadmi miZRvnili praqtikuli savarjiSo azrs dakargavs, Tu wamyvani gamoavlens winaswar
Seqmnil tradicul damokidebulebas sqesebisadmi. swored amitom wamyvanebma unda gamoavlinon
da gulaxdilad aRiaron sakuTari crurwmenebi da winaswar Seqmnili warmodgenebi, miT umetes,
Tu isini jgufSi myofi bavSvebis winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli.
kiTxva: yvela adamians aqvs crurwmena! ra crurwmena gagaCniaT Tqven? SesaZlebelia Tu ara,
rom zogma Tqvenma crurwmenam gavlena iqonios im bavSvebze, romlebTanac muSaobT? ra SeiZleba
iRonoT am crurwmenis winaaRmdeg?
azrovnebis da swavlis sxvadasxva stili

bavSvis niWisa da interesebis gamosaRviZeblad wamyvanebs didad waadgebaT, Tu maTTvis cnobili
iqneba adamianebis, maT Soris sakuTari azrovnebisa da swavlis saSualebebis mravalferovneba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela adamiani iyenebs azrovnebisa da swavlis sxvadasxva stilis narevs,
TiToeul adamians gaaCnia misTvis sasurveli an mTavari stili.
rogoria Tqveni fiqris stili?

* isini, vinc nanaxidan swavlobs, samyaros, Cveulebriv, xedaven suraTebSi. isini SesaZloa
iyeneben iseT frazas, rogoricaa: `vxedav, rasac gulisxmob~.
* isini, vinc smeniT swavlobs, mets ixseneben mosmenilidan da SeiZleba iyeneben iseT frazas,
rogoricaa: `mesmis, rom kargi azria~.
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* maT, vinc kinestetikurad swavlobs, nanaxi, mosmenili, gagonili axsovT SegrZnebebiTa da
grZnobebiT. isini, Cveulebriv, iyeneben iseT gamoTqmebs, rogoricaa: `me es miyvars~ (`momwons~),
(`modi, vcadoT~).
romelia swavlis TqvenTvis sayvareli an mTavari stili?

* aqtivistebi saukeTesod swavloben axal gamocdilebaze, gamocdilebidan warmoqmnil
problemebsa da SesaZleblobebze dayrdnobiT. maT uyvarT TamaSebi, gunduri muSaoba, aqtivobebi,
romlebSic mocemulia davaleba da ganawilebulia rolebi. isini uaryofiTad reagireben pasiur
swavlebasa da individualur saqmianobaze, rogoricaakiTxva da damoukidebeli kvleva, agreTve
davalebebze, romlebic moiTxoven yuradRebis gamaxvilebas detalebze.
* moazrovneebi saukeTesod swavloben, rodesac SeuZliaT raime savarjiSos gaazreba. maT
uyvarT kvleva-Ziebis Catareba, momxdaris da naswavlis gaazreba. isini uaryofiTad reagireben
sxvaTa mcdelobebze, moaxvedron yuradRebis centrSi, rodesac ar gaaCniaT sakmarisi raodenobis
monacemebi daskvnis gamosatanad da uxdebaT mokle gziT siaruli an zedapiruli samuSaos
Sesruleba.
* Teoretikosebi saukeTesod swavloben, rodesac is, rasac Seiswavlian, aris sistemis,
modelis, cnebis an Teoriis nawili. maT moswonT mkafiod dasaxuli miznis mqone struqturuli
situaciebi, saintereso ideebisa da koncefciebis garCeva. maT xSirad ar moswonT iseT
aqtivobebSi monawileoba, romlebSic yuradRebis centrSia grZnobebi.
* pragmatistebi saukeTesod swavloben im aqtivobebidan, romlebSic ganxilvis Tema
pirdapir ukavSirdeba realur problemas da maT SeuZliaT gamoiyenon ukve naswavli masala.
isini uaryofiTad reagireben iseT swavlaze, romelic, maTi azriT, ganyenebulia realobisgan,
agreTve `yvela Teoriaze da zogad principze~.
kiTxva: SeecadeT, gaixsenoT sayvareli maswavlebeli, treneri an wamyvani. ra saSualebebi

gamoiyena am adamianma imisTvis, rom dagxmarebodaT swavlis procesSi?
Seesabameba Tu ara am adamianisTvis damaxasiaTebeli urTierTobis stili Tqveni azrovnebis
da swavlis stils?
adamianebis umravlesoba, bunebrivia, aswavlis da muSaobs jgufebTan ise, rogorc es
Seesabameba maTi azrovnebisa da swavlis stils. samarTliania Tu ara es Tqvens SemTxvevaSi?
* rogori tipis moswavleebTan miaRwevdiT yvelaze met Sedegs?
* rogori tipis moswavleebs gauZneldebodaT yvelaze metad Tqvengan codnis SeZena?
* ramdenad moqnili SegiZliaT gaxadoT Tqveni urTierTobis stili, raTa meti moswavle
daainteresoT swavlis procesiT?
praqtikaSi yvela adamiani iyenebs azrovnebisa da swavlis saSualebaTa kombinacias. bavSvTa

yoveli jgufi wamyvans ayenebs swavlis moTxovnilebebisa da aTvisebis mravali sxvadasxva
stilis SerCevis problemis winaSe. es unda gaxsovdeT `kompasitodan~ praqtikuli savarjiSoebis
SerCevisas, raTa savarjiSoTa tipebi SesabamisobaSi moiyvanoT Tqveni bavSvebis moTxovnilebebTan
da aTvisebis stilTan.
azrovnebasa da swavlaSi arsebuli gansxvavebebiT SeiZleba aixsnas is, Tu rogor tardeba
praqtikuli savarjiSoebi, rogor monawileoben bavSvebi Semdgom ganxilvebSi da rogor
Sefasebas aZleven maT. Tqven SeamCnevT, rom erTi da igive savarjiSo sxvadasxva bavSvSi
monawileobis gansxvavebul dones da gansxvavebul Sedegebs warmoSobs. zogi bavSvi sxvebze meti
mondomebiT pasuxobs kiTxvebs gamokiTxvis dros. saWiroa, agreTve, gaxsovdeT, rom sxvadasxva
azrovnebisa da swavlis stiliT SesaZlebelia aixsnas am gansxvavebebis mxolod nawili. mTeli
rigi faqtorebis gamo (romlebsac Tqven ver gaakontrolebT) bavSvebma SeiZleba sul sxvanairi
reagireba moaxdinon sxva dRes Catarebul imave tipis savarjiSoze! rodesac ukeTesad gaecnobiT
`kompasitos~ savarjiSoebs, ufro advilad axsniT am gansxvavebebs.
bavSvebis ganviTarebis doneebi

`kompasitoSi~ Sesuli praqtikuli savarjiSoebi SemuSavebuli iqna 6-dan 13 wlis asakamde
bavSvebisTvis, Tumca bevri maTgani advilad mosargebia ufro mcire an ufro meti asakis
bavSvebze da mozrdilebzec. bavSvoba idealuri droa adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis
dawyebisTvis, radgan, miuxedavad imisa, rom mcirewlovan bavSvebs ukve gaaCniaT mtkice
faseulobebi da damokideblebebi, isini Tavisuflad iTviseben axal perspeqtivebsa da
gamocdilebas. iseTi faseulobebis ganviTareba, rogoricaa pativiscema sxvaTa mimarT da
Semwynarebluri damokidebuleba gansxvavebebisadmi, an iseTi Tvisebebis da unarebis ganviTareba,
rogoricaa TanagrZnoba da kritikuli azrovneba, saWiroebs araerT weliwads. dawyeba arasdros
ar aris Zalian adre!
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amave dros, bavSvebi Zalze damokidebuli arian ufrosebis, gansakuTrebiT maTi ojaxis
wevrebis, mzrunvelebisa da maswavleblebis, agreTve TavianTi Tanatolebis xelmZRvanelobasa
da mxardaWeraze. adamianis uflebaTa zogierTi faseuloba da damokidebuleba, romlebsac
`kompasito~ gvaswavlis, SeiZleba winaaRmdegobaSi movides bavSvebis cxovrebis sxva sferoebSi
nanax faseulobebTan da damokidebulebebTan. mSoblebisTvis, maswavleblebisa da Temis
liderebisTvis `kompasitos~ miznebisa da meTodebis Sesaxeb axsna-ganmartebebis micema
uzrunvelyofs potenciuri konfliqtis Tavidan acilebas. wamyvanebma gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba unda dauTmon potenciuri konfliqtis warmoqmnis safrTxes rogorc TviT bavSvSi,
ise bavSvis ojaxur, skolis da Temis garemoSi. yvela SemTxvevaSi ganviTarebis nebismier doneze
myofi bavSvi ar unda moxvdes amgvari konfliqtis centrSi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom yoveli bavSvi unikaluria, qvemoT mocemul siebSi Sejamebulia
asakobrivi jgufebis mTavari maxasiaTeblebi. kvalificiurma wamyvanma unda daadginos jgufis
ganviTarebis done da SearCios da/an miusadagos praqtikuli savarjiSoebi maT fizikur,
SemecnebiT, emociur da socialur ganviTarebas.
6-7 wlis asaki:

fizikuri ganviTareba
* moswonT ezoSi an quCaSi TamaSi, axasiaTebT aqtiurobis xanmokle, magram mkveTri

momateba
* urCevniaT martivi, xelebiT Sesasrulebeli davalebebi, gansakuTrebiT iseTebi,
romlebic kombinirebulia konkretuli fizikuri Tvisebis ganviTarebasTan
SemecnebiTi da emociuri ganviTareba
* uyvarT laparaki, magram yuradRebis koncentrirebas cota xniT axerxeben da uWirT

sxvaTa mosmena
* arian Zalian cnobismoyvareebi
* saukeTesod iTviseben fizikuri gamocdilebis meSveobiT
* uWirT gadawyvetilebis miReba
* ician wera-kiTxva, magram es unar-Cveva jer kidev sawyis etapzea
* aqvT maRali warmosaxvis unari da Tavisuflad uerTdebian TamaSebs rolebis
ganawilebiT da fantaziis moSveliebiT
* uyvarT zRaprebi, moTxrobebi megobrobaze da supergmirebze
* uyvarT multfilmebi
socialuri ganviTareba
* Zalian uyvarT SejibrebaSi monawileoba

* zogjer uWirT erTobliv saqmianobaSi CarTva
8-10 wlis asaki:

* rCeba STabeWdileba, rom aqvT ulevi fizikuri energia
* uyvarT axali masalis Seswavla, magram ara siRrmiseulad

* ufro meti esmiT sxva adamianebs Soris gansxvavebebisa da uTanasworobis Sesaxeb
* moswonT problemebis gadawyveta
* moswonTkiTxva-pasuxis TamaSebi
* SeiZleba Zalian daswydeT guli, Tu maT mier Sesrulebuli samuSao ar upasuxebs
maT molodins
* moswonT meti damoukidebloba, Tumca mainc esaWiroebaT daxmareba

* moswonT TanatolebTan saubari da maTTan sxvadasxva sakiTxze msjeloba
* axasiaTebT Zalze kritikuli midgoma sakuTari Tavis da sxva adamianebis mimarT
42
* ukeT SeuZliaT erToblivi saqmianobis Sesruleba
* moswonT jgufis wevroba
* iwyeben namdvili gmirebis, telegmirebis da sportis varskvlavebis idealizacias
multfilmebis gmirebis nacvlad
11-13 wlis asaki:

* aRweven garkveul simwifes, Tumca es cvlilebebi gansxvavebulad vlindeba bavSvebSi da

SeiZleba gamoiwvios simorcxve da uxerxulobis grZnoba
* aRweven garkveul simwifes abstraqtuli azrovnebis ufro metad ganviTarebis mxriv

* siamovnebiT monawileoben davebSi da msjelobebSi raime sakiTxis irgvliv
* zogi TamaSi maTTvis Zalze martivi da mosawyeni Cans, urCevniaT kompleqsuri
aqtivobebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs originaluri strategiisa da produqtebis Seqmnas
* axasiaTebT swrafva srulyofilebisken TavianT saqmianobaSi
* uCndebaT SegrZneba, rom sxvadaxva ambavi an movlena SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnes erTze
meti perspeqtividan
* sul ufro metad ainteresebT socialuri da mimdinare movlenebi
* sul ufro met yuradRebas iCenen ufro farTo socialuri da fizikuri garemos mimarT
* moswonT sakuTari da sxvaTa SesaZleblobebis sazRvrebis gamocda
* SeuZliaT erTsa da imave dros silaRisa da seriozulobis SeTavseba
* sul ufro metad awuxebT, rogor gamoiyurebian sxvaTa TvalSi
* uyvarT swavla misabaZi magaliTebidan
* iwyeben ufro srulyofili TamaSis mofiqrebas jgufebsa da gundebSi
* moswonT erToblivi muSaoba saerTo miznebis misaRwevad
* arian Tanatolebis Sexedulebebisa da qcevebis Zlieri gavlenis qveS
ras warmoadgens `kompasitos~

praqtikuli savarjiSo?
`kompasitos~ praqtikuli savarjiSoebis SemuSaveba miznad isaxavda adamianis uflebaTa
sakiTxebis gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT da situaciebis, swavlis stilisa da ganviTarebis donis
didi mravalferovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT Seswavlis xelSewyobas. `kompasitos~ savarjiSo iwyeba
abstraqtuli, warmosaxviTi situaciis SeqmniT, romelSic bavSvebi CarTulni arian rogorc
jgufi, Tumca Semdgomi ganxilvisa da Sefasebis nawils mivyavarT ufro individualur donemde.
mraval specialists ganxilva da Sefaseba savarjiSos yvelaze mniSvnelovan nawilad miaCnia.
maT gareSe `kompasito~ mxolod savarjiSoa da meti araferi. Tumca adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb
swavlebis SesaZleblobis xelidan gaSvebaze gacilebiT meti da realuri ziani ganxilvisTvis
Tavis aridebas moaqvs: aman SeiZleba warmoqmnas stereotipebi da bavSvebSi aqtivobiT gamowveuli
grZnobebi trivialur grZnobebamde daiyvanos.
amgvari tipis araformaluri ganaTleba Zlier grZnobebs iwvevs. adamianis uflebebis zogierTi
Tema SeiZleba Zalian waagavdes ama Tu im bavSvis cxovrebis realobas, rac uxerxulobas iwvevs.
wamyvanebs mudmivad unda axsovdeT amis Sesaxeb maT jgufSi Casatarebeli nebismieri praqtikuli
savarjiSos SerCevis an adaptirebis dros.
`kompasitoSi~ yvela savarjiSo warmodgenilia iseT formatSi, romlis mizania wamyvanebisTvis
daxmarebis aRmoCena im savarjiSoTa SerCevis da Catarebis saqmeSi, romlebic yvelaze metad
Seesatyviseba jgufis saWiroebebs. aq aris gansaxilveli sakiTxi, rCevebi savarjiSos CatarebasTan
da adaptirebasTan dakavSirebiT, aseve rCevebi, Tu ra damatebiTi aqtivobebi SeiZleba Cautardes
SemdgomSi jgufs mocemul savarjiSoSi ganxilul adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT.
43
praqtikuli savarjiSos dasaxeleba
aRwerilobiTi qvesaxelwodeba
Temebi savarjiSoSi ganxiluli adamianis uflebebis Temebi (am Temebis
gansaxilvelad ix. Tavi V, gv.???). savarjiSoTa umetesobisTvis
SemoTavazebulia sami Tema, romlebic wamyvanebs saSualebas
aZlevs, yuradReba gaamaxvilon sakiTxze, romelic yvelaze
axlosaa bavSvebis problemebTan da interesebTan. Temebi aseve
gulisxmobs urTierTdamokidebulebas da urTierTkavSirs
adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebul sxvadasxva sakiTxs Soris.
sirTulis done qulebi 1, 2 an 3, iseT faqtorebze dayrdnobiT, rogoricaa
bavSvebis codnis done da saWiro monacemebi, swavlis miznebi,
sagnis sirTule, wesebis ganrigis sirTule, potenciuri riskebi
da jgufuri dinamika. sirTulis ufro maRali xarisxi
gulisxmobs met sirTules saswavlo amocanebis misaRwevad.
Tumca SesaZlebelia mravali savarjiSos adaptireba sirTulis
xarisxis Secvlis mizniT. kompleqsuri savarjiSoebi, rogorc
wesi, ufro mdidaria dinamikis, sakiTxebis da, Sesabamisad,
miRebuli Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT.
asaki savarjiSosTvis Sesaferisi asakobrivi jgufi.
xangrZlivoba savarjiSos CatarebisTvis da ganxilvisTvis saWiro saSualo
dro. realuri dro SeiZleba damokidebuli iyos bevr iseT
faqtorze, rogoric aris jgufis sidide da mowifuloba.
jgufis sidide savarjiSos Casatareblad saWiro bavSvebis optimaluri
raodenoba.
savarjiSos tipi moqmedebaTa tipebi, romlebsac saWiroebs savarjiSo (magaliTad,
TamaSi rolebis ganawilebiT, xatva, diskusia, TamaSebi
baraTebiT).
savarjiSos aRwera mokle Sejameba imisa, Tu ra xdeba savarjiSos Catarebisas.
Miznebi savarjiSos dagegmili Sedegebi adamianis uflebebis
Sesaxeb/adamianis uflebebis dasacavad codnis, unar-Cvevebis
SeZenis, damokidebulebebis, moqmedebis an qcevis Seswavlis
TvalsazrisiT.
Momzadeba savarjiSos dasawyebad saWiro nivTebis CamonaTvali.
Masalebi savarjiSos Casatareblad saWiro masalebis CamonaTvali.
miTiTebebi Tanmimdevruli miTiTebebi savarjiSos organizebisa da
CatarebisaTvis.
savarjiSosSemdgomi gansaxilveli Temebi savarjiSos Sesaxeb dafiqrebis, misi
ganxilva da Sefaseba ZiriTadi ideebis sityvieri saxiT Camoyalibebis da
ganzogadebis, agreTve adamianis uflebebTan maTi dakavSirebis
mizniT. ganxilva nebismieri savarjiSos umniSvnelovanesi
nawilia da dauSvebelia misi Tundac erTxel gamotoveba!
rCevebi Semdgomi Semdgomi jgufuri moqmedeba an `kompasitos~ sxva savarjiSoebi,
muSaobisTvis romlebic SeiZleba daematos mocemul savarjiSos.
Ramdenime idea, winadadebebi savarjiSos mier dasmuli sakiTxebis garkvevis
romlebic muSaobaSi gzebTan dakavSirebiT.
dagexmarebaT
sasargeblo rCevebi rCevebi savarjiSos gaumjobesebis da/an adaptirebis an
wamyvans potenciuri problemebis Tavidan acilebasTan dakavSirebiT.
damatebiTi savarjiSosTvis sasargeblo damatebiTi informacia.
informacia
dasarigebeli masala savarjiSos Casatareblad saWiro masalebi (magaliTad, baraTebi
rolebiT, situaciis amsaxveli baraTebi, naxazebi, naxatebi,
rukebi).
44
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia rogorc safuZveli
`kompasitos~ yoveli praqtikuli savarjiSo pirdapir an iribad Seexeba bavSvis uflebaTa
konvencias. zogierTi savarjiSo acnobs bavSvebs ama Tu im dokuments (magaliTad, `kurdRlis
uflebebi~, gv. 124; `gemiT mgzavroba axali kontinentisken ~, gv. 74). sxva praqtikuli savarjiSoebi
eyrdnoba winamdebare Sesavals, raTa bavSvebs gaacnon maTi uflebebi (magaliTad, àdamianis
uflebaTa kalendari~, gv. 54; àdamianis uflebebi axal ambebSi~, gv. 61; ùflebebis moniSvna
rukaze~, gv. 166). zogi, ufro rTuli savarjiSos farglebSi, bavSvebs sTxoven gadawyviton, ra
aris an ra ar aris maTi ufleba an daasaxelon konkretuli uflebebi (magaliTad, `samagido
TamaSebi~, gv. 147).
vinaidan bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias centraluri adgili ukavia `kompasitoSi~, wamyvanebi
jer TviTon unda gaecnon am dokuments da SeZlon misi Sinaarsis ganmarteba bavSvebisTvis.
`kompasitoSi~ mocemulia bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis bavSvebisTvis adaptirebuli versia
(danarTi VI, gv. 285). vinaidan aRniSnuli dokumenti gamoiyeneba mraval savarjiSoSi, Tqven
SeiZleba dagWirdeT laminirebuli aslebis damzadeba maTi xSirad gamoyenebis mizniT. Tqven
SeiZleba mogindeT dokumentis posteris zomis versiis damzadebac, raTa dakidoT im adgilas,
sadac xvdebiT bavSvebs, da advilad moaxdinoT konvenciis citireba.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi aris ramdenime rTuli cneba, romlebic aucileblad unda
ganemartos bavSvebs:
Rirseba: yoveli adamianis Tanasworoba da Tandayolili Rirseba adamianis uflebaTa
fundamenturi cnebaa. bavSvebs SesaZloa dasWirdeT am cnebis axsna-ganmarteba konkretuli
sityvebis moSveliebiT.
diskriminacia: diskriminaciis ararseboba adamianis uflebebis kidev erTi fundamenturi
cnebaa, romelic CarTulia adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebul yvela ZiriTad dokumentSi.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-2 muxli krZalavs diskriminacias ramdenime konkretul sferoSi,
rac bavSvebma SeiZleba bolomde ver gaigon. es aris:
* rasa
* eTnikuri da socialuri warmomavloba, qoneba (socialuri da ekonomikuri statusi)
* dabadeba, rac gulisxmobs bavSvebs, romlebic daibadnen qorwinebaSi an qorwinebis
gareSe
mzardi SesaZleblobebi (`mowifulobis zrda~): es fraza me-5 muxlSi Seexeba bavSvis mier
uflebebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobis zrdas asakis momatebasTan erTad meti pasuxismgeblobisa
da damoukidebeli msjelobis unaris SeZenis wyalobiT.
ltolvili (`Tqven CamoxvediT axal qveyanaSi, vinaidan Tqveni samSoblo ar iyo usafrTxo~):
22-e muxli Seexeba ltolvilebs. bavSvebis umravlesoba (da bevri zrdasruli adamianic) ver
xedavs gansxvavebas emigrants, romelic Camovida axal qveyanaSi axali cxovrebis dasawyebad, da
ltolvils Soris, romelmac datova Tavisi samSoblo safrTxisa da devnis savsebiT dasabuTebuli
SiSis gamo. emigrantebisgan gansxvavebiT ltolvilTa umetesobas surs samSobloSi dabrundes,
rodesac maT aRaraferi daemuqrebaT, da maT ekuTvniT im qveynis mTavrobis mxardaWera, romelsac
Tavi Seafares. Tqven albaT imis axsnac mogiwevT, rom adamianebi, romlebic aiZules mietovebinaT
TavianTi saxlebi, magram rCebian sakuTar samSobloSi, iTvlebian ara ltolvilebad, aramed
ìZulebiT adgilnacval pirebad~ (`devnilebad~).
SesaZlebelia, saWiro gaxdes bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis sabavSvo versiaSi gamoyenebuli,
qvemoT CamoTvlili terminebis mniSvnelobis ganmartebac da imis axsnac, Tu ratom aris es
cnebebi mniSvnelovani adamianis uflebebisTvis. zogierT termins SeiZleba hqondes ramdenime
mniSvneloba da yvela maTgani SesaZloa arc iyos cnobili bavSvebisTvis (magaliTad, is, rom
`Zaladoba~ SeiZleba iyos rogorc fizikuri, aseve fsiqologiuri, realuri da muqaris formiT;
rom ùnarSezRuduloba~ SeiZleba iyos fizikuri, fsiqikuri da fsiqo-socialuri). sxva
terminebi bavSvebma SeiZleba bolomde verc gaigon da saWiro iqneba konkretuli magaliTebis
moSvelieba (magaliTad, èqspluatacia~, `kultura~, `Seuracxyofa~, ùyuradReboba~). sTxoveT
bavSvebs, daasaxelon magaliTebi TavianTi cxovrebidan.
45
x Seuracxyofa/cudi x arasrulwlovanTa
mopyroba/uyuradReboba marTlmsajuleba
x `miRebulia yvelgan rogorc x Tavisufali dro
piri kanonis Sesabamisad~
x gaerTianebebis Seqmna x Tavisuflebis dakargva
x kulturebi/tradiciebi x media
x `fizikuri, gonebrivi, x erovneba
sulieri, moraluri da
socialuri ganviTareba~
x unarSezRuduloba x saTanado sakvebi
x ìsargebleT Tqveni x pornografia
uflebebiT~
x eqspluatacia x piradi cxovreba
x mTavroba x prostitucia
x `daaregistrireT Tqveni x reabilitacia
dabadebis TariRi da
adgili~
x `moiTxoveT Tqveni x socialuri uzrunvelyofa
mdgomareobis gadaxedva~
x jandacvis sferos muSakebi x profkavSiri, kavSiri
x `Rirseba da reputacia~ x Zaladoba
x individualoba x saomari moqmedebebi
x saomari zona
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis cnebebis gacnobisas bavSvebs ar esaWiroebaT am donis detaluri

informacia, magram rac ufro mets igeben isini adamianis uflebebze, miT ufro sWirdebaT Tqvens
mier moZiebuli SesaZleblobebi miRebuli informaciis sworad gasagebad an arasworad gagebuli
informaciis gamosasworeblad. yovelTvis mzad iyaviT, daiWiroT `swavlebisTvis mosaxerxebeli
momenti~.
praqtikul savarjiSoTa SerCeva

pedagogma mravali faqtori unda gaiTvaliswinos, rodesac Rebulobs gadawyvetilebas
`kompasitodan~ ama Tu im praqtikuli savarjiSos arCevasTan dakavSirebiT. am faqtorebidan
yvelaze mniSvnelovania Semdegi:
1. Tqveni bavSvebi: romelime savarjiSos SerCevamde wamyvanma unda icodes:
a. rogoria bavSvebis ganviTarebis done, interesebi, problemebi da swavlis stili?
b. arsebobs Tu ara jgufSi konfliqtebi da problemebi?
g. dganan Tu ara bavSvebi TavianT TemebSi raime konkretuli sakiTxis an problemis winaSe?
d. ramdenad gaTviTcnobierebulni arian bavSvebi adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebSi? magaliTad,
`kompasitos~ zogierTi savarjiSo iTvaliswinebs bavSvebisTvis bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
winaswar gacnobas.
magram nu CaTvliT, rom unda SeikavoT Tavi `kompasitos~ savarjiSoebis gamoyenebisgan, vidre
ar miiRebT pasuxs zemoT CamoTvlil yvelakiTxvaze. TamaSis tipis aqtivobebi xSirad yvelaze
efeqtiani saSualebaa Tqveni jgufis Sesaxeb informaciis misaRebad!
2. Tqvens mier dasaxuli saswavlo amocana: zogi savarjiSo SeiZleba Catardes imisTvis, rom
gaizardos zogadi warmodgena adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb an ubralod gasarTobad, Tumca maTi
umetesoba SeiZleba da unda exebodes im Temebs, romlebic axlosaa bavSvebisTvis an sakamaTo
Temas warmoadgens jgufis, Temis an msoflios masStabiT. `kompasitos~ savarjiSoebi yuradRebas
amaxvilebs adamianis uflebebis Semdeg Temebze:
a. moqalaqeoba
b. demokratia
g. diskriminacia
d. ganaTleba da Tavisufali dro
e. garemos dacva
v. ojaxi da alternatiuli zrunva
z. genderuli Tanasworoba
T. janmrTeloba da keTildReoba
i. media da interneti
k. monawileoba
l. mSvidoba da adamianis usafrTxoeba
m. siRaribe da socialuri gariyva
n. Zaladoba
46
`kompasitoSi~ Semavali, adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli Temebis sruli ganxilva ix. V
TavSi, gv. 202.
3. swavlis Tanmimdevroba: siRrmiseuli codnis, unar-Cvevebisa da Sexedulebebis miReba
SeuZlebelia mxolod erTi praqtikuli savarjiSos Catarebis Sedegad. ecadeT, SearCioT
iseTi savarjiSoebi, romlebic qmnian adamianis uflebaTa konkretul Temaze an garkveuli
SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis amocanaze dafuZnebul serias. am seriam SeiZleba moicvas erTi
Tve, saskolo meoTxedi an mTliani saswavlo weli. Tqven SesaZloa SeCerdeT iseT savarjiSoebze,
romlebic Seesabameba saswavlo programaSi Semavali sagnebis sferoebs an jgufisa Tu
sazogadoebis mimdinare sakiTxebs.
yvela SemTxvevaSi SeecadeT, moZebnoT balansi savarjiSoTa tipebs Soris da prioritetul
amocanad daisaxoT Tqveni bavSvebis moTxovnilebebi. meTodologiuri mravalferovneba
aramarto xaliss matebs savarjiSoebs, aramed saSualebas aZlevs bavSvebs, iswavlon rogorc
SegrZnebebisa da emociebis, aseve gonebis meSveobiT. amisTvis `kompasito~ gTavazobT
procedurebisa da meTodologiebis farTo arCevans (magaliTad, ganxilva, debati, Txroba,
situaciis simulireba, rolebis gaTamaSeba, TamaSebi baraTebiT, SemoqmedebiTi savarjiSo,
aqtiuri jgufuri Sejibrebebi).
SerCevis procesSi Semdgomi daxmarebis mizniT ixileT 52-e gverdze cxrili Sesabamisi
informaciiT `kompasitos~ yvela praqtikuli savarjiSos Sesaxeb.
praqtikul savarjiSoTa adaptireba

gTavazobT, gamoiyenoT `kompasito~ rogorc kerZebis receptebis wigni. kargi mzareulebis
msgavsad, wamyvanebma Tavisuflad unda SeZlon savarjiSos ìngredientebis~ Secvla, raTa
mourgon isini maTi jgufisTvis xelmisawvdom dros, masalas, zomas, SesaZleblobebsa da
garemoebebs. savarjiSoTa umravlesobaSi mocemulia rCevebi adaptaciasTan dakavSirebiT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom yovel jgufSi Tqven xvdebiT gansxvavebuli swavlis stilisa da
SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebs. TqvenTvis, rogorc wamyvanisTvis, gacilebiT ufro ioli
iqneba bavSvebisTvis swavlis sxvadasxva meTodis SeTavazeba, vidre bavSvebisTvis im erTaderT
meTodTan adaptireba, romelsac Tqven moiTxovT. magaliTad, realur cxovrebiseul sakiTxebze
dafuZnebulma savarjiSom, rogoric aris àdamianis uflebebi axal ambebSi~, gv. 61, SeiZleba
aRafrTovanos `pragmatistebi~, magram ar moewonos `Teoretikosebs~. Tqven SegiZliaT am
savarjiSos adaptireba da misi analitikuri aspeqtebis gazrda, Tu moiyvanT mediis sxvadasxva
saSualebebis mier am problemis gansxvavebuli gaSuqebis Sedarebas. SesaZlebelia, agreTve,
mravali savarjiSos adaptireba wera-kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis gansxvavebuli donis asaxvis
mizniT. magaliTad, wamyvans SeuZlia gaakontrolos iseTi savarjiSoebis werilobiT formaSi
Sesasrulebeli davalebebi, rogoricaa `kurdRlis uflebebi~, mimarTeT SemoqmedebiT gzebs, raTa
bavSvebs hqondeT saSualeba, reagireba moaxdinon naswavlze. magaliTad, jgufur ganxilvebTan
erTad bavSvebma SeiZleba xaton, mimarTon pantomimas, sakuTari azrebi daafiqsiron JurnalSi an
gauziaron TavianT partniorebs wyvilSi.
praqtikuli savarjiSoebis gulmodgine SerCeva da adaptireba uaRresad mniSvnelovania iseTi
gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebis aqtivobebSi CarTvis da Tanabari monawileobisTvis,
rogoric arian usaxlkaro, emigranti, ltolvili bavSvebi da sgangebo dawesebulebebSi
mcxovrebi bavSvebi. nu SeexebiT imas, rac SeiZleba asaxavdes mtkivneul gansxvavebebs bavSvebs
Soris.
gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT moeqeciT unarSezRudul bavSvebs da ecadeT, ar CaagdoT
iseT situaciaSi, rodesac isini `daTanxmdebian~, miiRon monawileoba savarjiSoSi, romelSic
isini ver SeZleben asparezobas Tanabar pirobebze. amis sanacvlod, rodesac iciT, rom Tqvens
jgufSi CarTuli bavSvi fizikurad SezRudulia, moaxdineT savarjiSos adaptireba bavSvis
SesaZleblobebTan, nacvlad lodinisa, rom bavSvi TviTon moaxdens adaptacias savarjiSosTan.
magaliTad, unarSezRuduli bavSvis mdgomareobasTan adaptaciis mizniT:
• savarjiSos msvlelobis dros Tavi aarideT wiTeli da mwvane ferebis gamoyenebas, vinaidan
daltonizmiT daavadebuli bavSvebi Znelad arCeven am ferebs.
• SezRuduli mxedvelobis mqone bavSvebisTvis iqonieT brailis SriftiT Sesrulebuli
ganmartebebi da dasarigebeli masala.
• bavSvebi, romlebic damoukideblad ver moZraoben, moaTavseT iseT mdgomareobaSi,
romelic uzrunvelyofs maT maqsimalur CarTvas savarjiSoSi.
• gamoiyeneT gamosaxulebebi da werilobiTi instruqciebi SezRuduli smenis mqone
bavSvebis savarjiSoSi CarTvis mizniT.
47
rCevebi monawileobis xelSewyobis mizniT
kvalificiur wamyvans SeuZlia uzrunvelyos yvela bavSvis, maT Soris sakuTar TavSi Caketili
da gafantuli gonebis mqone bavSvebis, sruli monawileoba. qvemoT mocemulia ramdenime rCeva
amasTan dakavSirebiT:
• ramdenimejer xelaxla CamoayalibeT Tqveni kiTxvebi imisTvis, rom yvela bavSvma gaigos
maTi Sinaarsi.
• gamoiyeneT bavSvebisTvis advilad gasagebi sityvebi, moerideT Jargonul gamoTqmebs.
• informaciis miwodebisas darwmundiT, rom igi sworad aris gagebuli (magaliTad, ikiTxeT:
`gasagebad vTqvi?~ da ara: `gaigeT Tu ara?~).
• dasviT Ria kiTxvebi, romlebzec bevSvebi ver upasuxeben mxolod `diax~-s an àra~-s
(magaliTad, nacvlad kiTxvisa: `mogewona Tu ara es savarjiSo?~ SeekiTxeT: `ra STabeWdileba
moaxdina Tqvenze am savarjiSom?~).
• daaweseT diskusiis warmarTvis wesebi (magaliTad, rom ar SeiZleba Seawyvetino sxvas
saubari _ nacvlad amisa saWiroa xelis aweva, Tu bavSvebs surT azris gamoTqma).
• mimarTeT pasiur bavSvs da sTxoveT, mogiyveT an gagiziaroT Tavisi gamocdileba, magram
nurasdros aiZulebT mas monawileobis miRebas.
• SeqmeniT sxvadasxva rolebi jgufuri savarjiSos Casatareblad (magaliTad, masalebis
menejeri, reportiori, klerki).
• xazgasmiT aRniSneT, rom yvela bavSvs SeuZlia sakuTari wvlilis Setana savarjiSoSi.
• regularulad SeajameT Sedegebi an sTxoveT bavSvebs amis gakeTeba.
• savarjiSos dawyebamde gasagebad auxseniT bavSvebs misi mizani, raTa bavSvebma icodnen, ras
unda moelodnen.
• daukavSireT mimdinare savarjiSo winandel da momaval savarjiSoebs.
• gamoiCineT sifrTxile, raTa savarjiSom ar gaxados bavSvi dacinvis obieqti, ar Caagdos
igi uxerxul mdgomareobaSi an ar gamoiwvios ukmayofileba misi ojaxis mxridan.
• rodesac SesaZlebelia, isargebleT sxva wamyvanebis daxmarebiT, riTac bavSvebs meti Sansi
uCndebaT, daukavSirdnen sxva wamyvanebs da eziaron swavlebisa da swavlis sxvadasxva stils.
• dagveTanxmeT, rom vercerTi wamyvani ver gaakontrolebs absoluturad yvelafers,
rac xdeba, an yovel calkeul bavSvs nebismier momentSi. gaxsovdeT mxolod, rom unda iyoT
yuradRebiT da Tavi SeikavoT gadametebuli zrunvisgan.
rCevebi wamyvans
yovel wamyvans esaWiroeba garkveuli meTodebisa da mcire aqtivobebis repertuari
specialuri miznebisTvis, romlebic xSir SemTxvevaSi xels uwyobs jgufis motivaciis Seqmnas,
bavSvebis CarTvas, maTi yuradRebis mozidvas, daZabulobis an winaaRmdegobis daZlevas,
bavSvebis ndobisa da interesis mopovebas an, ubralod, `yinulis galRobas~ da garTobas! qvemoT
warmogidgenT ramdenime gamocdil da CvenTvis sayvarel meTods. sxva meTodebis naxva SegiZliaT
iseT vebgverdebze, rogoricaa Salto-Youth Support Centre: www.salto-youth.net
savarjiSoebi yinulis galRobis, ganwyobis Seqmnis da stimulis

micemis mizniT
am savarjiSoebis mizania jgufisTvis stimulis micema da solidarobis ganwyobis Seqmna:
• jgufis natiurmorti: sTxoveT bavSvebs, saxlebidan moitanon iseTi nivTi, romelsac

isini gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWeben. yoveli bavSvi ganmartavs nivTis mniSvnelobas da
nivTi xdeba jgufuri gamofenis eqsponati.
• mec!1 ganumarteT bavSvebs, rom maT unda moZebnon sxva bavSvebi, romlebTanac aerTianebT
erTnairi maxasiaTeblebi. Semdeg gamoacxadeT zogierTi kategoria (magaliTad, dabadebis
Tve; debisa da Zmebis raodenoba; fexsacmlis Sesakravis tipi). saTanado viTarebis arsebobisas
gamoiyeneT ufro faqizi kategoriebi (magaliTad, religia, sasaubro ena, kanis feri).
• musikaluri skamebi: SekariT skamebiT wre da sTxoveT bavSvebs, dasxdnen maTze. dadeqiT
wris centrSi da auxseniT bavSvebs, rom apirebT Tqveni saxelis daZaxebas da raime gancxadebis
gakeTebas Tqvens Sesaxeb. gamocxadebis dros yvelam, visac Seexeba gancxadebaSi moyvanili
faqtebi, unda Secvalos skami (magaliTad, `me var X-i da vwer marcxena xeliT~ da `me var X-i da myavs
kata~ an `me var X-i da mejavreba _____ -is Wama~). ecadeT, daeufloT skams TqvenTvis. Semdeg
48
is, vinc skamis gareSe rCeba, akeTebs gancxadebas Tavisi Tavis Sesaxeb. gaagrZeleT iqamde, vidre
bavSvebis umravlesoba ar gamoiyenebs sakuTari Tavis sxvaTaTvis gacnobis SesaZleblobas.
• portretebi: dayaviT bavSvebi wyvilebad da TiToeuls mieciT sufTa furceli da kalami.
auxseniT, rom yovelma maTganma unda gaakeTos mis wyvilSi myofi bavSvis swrafi Canaxati da
dausvas ramdenimekiTxva (magaliTad, SeekiTxos, ra hqvia, hkiTxos hobis, momxdari sakvirveli
faqtis Sesaxeb), romlebic aisaxeba portretSi. mieciT amisTvis cota dro da yvelas mouwodeT,
daxaton rac SeiZleba didi zomis portretebi da saxelebic didad miuTiTon. Semdeg sTxoveT
bavSvebs, aCvenon jgufs maT mier daxatuli portretebi da gaacnon òriginalebi~. bavSvebis
saxelebis dasamaxsovreblad portretebi yvelaze TvalsaCino adgilas dakideT.
• gunduri muSaoba: dayaviT bavSvebi patar-patara jgufebad da mieciT dro imisTvis, rom
aRmoaCinon erTmaneTSi saerTo Tvisebebi (magaliTad, kultura, garegnoba, piradi gemovneba,
hobi). yovel gunds sTxoveT, dairqvas saxeli, romelic damyarebuli iqneba wevrTa saziaro
Tvisebebze. Semdeg yoveli jgufi acnobs Tavis Tavs sxva jgufebs da ganmartavs Tavisi saxelis
mniSvnelobas.
ènerjaizerebi~
jgufisTvis energiis momatebis an sxva raimeze yuradRebis gadatanis mizniT:

• jaWvi: sTxoveT bavSvebs, dadgnen wreSi da daxuWon Tvalebi. SeabruneT da daaWerineT
erTmaneTis xelebi ise, rom xelebi Seikras kvanZSi. Semdeg sTxoveT, gaaxilon Tvalebi da scadon,
gainTavisuflon Tavi erTmaneTisTvis xelis gauSveblad.
• feierverki: daavaleT patara jgufebs, xmebis da Jestikulaciis meSveobiT ganasaxieron
sxvadasxva feierverki. zogi maTgani bombia, romelic sisinebs da feTqdeba. zogi feTqdeba
xmauriT, romelic waagavs taSis kvras. zogi mbrunavi `cecxlovani borbalia~ da a.S. sTxoveT
yovel jgufs, jer cal-calke warmoadginon feierverki. Semdeg mTliani jgufi awyobs did
warmodgenas.
• jgufo, Caicucqe: sTxoveT bavSvebs, dadgnen wreSi da SeaerTon fexis TiTebi. sTxoveT
Caicucqon ise, rom ar moacilon fexis TiTebi erTmaneTs. Tu amas kulturuli tradiciebi
uSvebs, bavSvebs SeuZliaT, agreTve, dadgnen wreSi erTmaneTis ukan da xelebi win mdgom bavSvs
mxrebze daadon. am poziciaSi dajdomisas yoveli maTgani jdeba mis ukan mdgomi bavSvis muxlebze.
bunebrivia, arcerTi varianti ar gamodgeba im jgufebisTvis, romlebSic ama Tu im bavSvs raime
fizikuri nakli aqvs.
• tropikuli tye: dadeqiT bavSvebis centrSi da sTxoveT, gaimeoron Tqveni moqmedebebi,
gaaxmaureT da aCveneT Sesaferisi JestebiT tyisTvis damaxasiaTebeli xmebi da xmauri (magaliTad,
Citebis WikWiki, mwerebis bzuili, foTlebis Sriali, qaris qrola, cxovelebis Zaxili) wkipurtis
kvris, gverdebSi xelebis cemis, taSis cemis da cxovelebis imitaciis meSveobiT. yovelive amis
Sedegad warmoqmnili xmauri waagavs tropikuli tyis xmaurs.
• munji kalendari: sTxoveT yvela bavSvs, dadgnen rigSi dabadebis dRisa da Tvis mixedviT.
magram davalebis Sesrulebis dros maT ar unda ilaparakon. igive SeiZleba Catardes fexsacmlis
zomis, kviris ganmavlobaSi televizorTan gatarebuli saaTebis raodenobis an nebismieri sxva
personaluri informaciis gamoyenebiT.
• Tavsxma wvima: daavaleT bavSvebis patar-patara jgufebs, gamoscen sxvadasxva xma
(magaliTad, qari, wvima, elva, mexi). Semdeg moyeviT, rogor iwyeba nel-nela wvima da, rogorc
diriJori orkestrs, ise gauZexiT am xmebs (magaliTad, `Semdeg gaielvebs ca! da ismis quxili!~)
wvimis gadaRebamde.
• sami wre: sTxoveT bavSvebs, dadgnen wreSi, Cumad airCion romelime sxva bavSvi da aravis
gaumxilon Tavisi arCevani. auxseniT, rom rodesac Tqven ityviT: `viwyebT~, maT samjer unda
Semourbinon arCeul bavSvs. Sedegad miviRebT srul qaoss, magram Zalian sasacilos, radgan
yoveli bavSvi viRacas misdevs, xolo sxva viRaca misdevs mas.
• `win, maSvel navebTan!~: upirveles yovlisa, aCveneT, rogoria `maSveli navi~: or adamians
xelebi aqvs Cakiduli navis formis msgavsad, xolo mgzavrebi dganan xelebiT Sekrul wreSi.
Semdeg auxseniT, rom isini midian samogzaurod. `Tavidan zRva wynaria da mgzavroba yvelasTvis
Zalian sasiamovnoa. Semdeg gemi moulodnelad ejaxeba kldes. yvela unda Cajdes maSvel navebSi
samkacian (an erTkacian, an oTxkacian da a.S.) jgufebad~. bavSvebi wrialeben da cdiloben, Seqmnan
`maSveli navebi~ da Casvan mgzavrebis saWiro raodenoba. rogorc wesi, romelime bavSvi mainc
ìxrCoba~. amis Semdeg uTxariT bavSvebs, dabrundnen gemSi da gaagrZeleT Txroba. àxla gemi
kvlav wynarad micuravs ..., magram uecrad daiwyo saSineli qariSxali, gemi iZireba. yvela Cajdes
maSvel navSi orkacian jgufebad~. ramdenimejer gaimeoreT `gemis daRupvis~ scena.
49
Sefasebisa da gaazrebis SesaZleblobebi
dRis an gakveTilis dasasruls:
• burTis srola: bavSvebi esvrian erTmaneTs burTs. yvela, vinc iWers burTs, asaxelebs
raime erTs, rac man iswavla an SeuZlia gamoiyenos Catarebuli savarjiSodan.
• erToblivi Sejameba: dausviT SemajamebelikiTxva (magaliTad: `gansakuTrebiT ra
dagamaxsovrdeba dRevandeli savarjiSodan?~ an mimarTeT Ria winadadebiT (magaliTad:
ècade moifiqro sityva an fraza, romelic ajamebs Sens grZnobebs am dRis bolos~ an `da mainc
sainteresoa ...~). sTxoveT bavSvebs, rigrigobiT gagcen pasuxi.
• jgufuri sainformacio dafa: yvela bavSvi rigrigobiT amatebs sityvas an suraTs jgufur
sainformacio dafaze da ganmartavs, ratom aris mniSvnelovani is, rasac igi grZnobs an rac man
iswavla.
• mSvidobis mtredis gaSveba: wamyvani JestebiT aCvenebs, TiTqos uWiravs raRac saTuTi
arseba (magaliTad, Citi, axalSobili) da yvela bavSvs mouwodebs, mimarTos mas ramdenime sityviT,
sanam is gadadis xelidan xelSi. rodesac àrseba~ yvela xels gaivlis, bavSvebi kraven viwro wres
da erTad uSveben mas haerSi.
konfliqtebis marTva
konfliqtebis mosagvareblad jgufSi da calkeul bavSvebSi.

konfliqturi grZnobebisa da faseulobebis warmoSoba gardauvalia, rodesac saqme exeba
adamianis uflebebs, gansakuTrebiT `kompasitos~ araformalur aqtivobebSi monawileobisas,
romlebic Segnebulad mimarTaven bavSvebis grZnobebs da inteleqts. amgvari konfliqti,
romelic SeiZleba warmoiSvas rogorc bavSvebs Soris, ise calkeul bavSvSi, ar aris aucileblad
uaryofiTi da faqizi manipulirebis Sedegad konstruqciul gamocdilebad SeiZleba gardaiqmnas.
konfliqtis mogvarebis codna erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani cxovrebiseuli unar-Cvevaa,
romelic unda SeiZinon bavSvebma da romelic aucilebelia adamianis uflebaTa kulturis
ganviTarebisTvis maT garSemo arsebul samyaroSi. gTavazobT ramdenime rCevas:
• winaswar gansazRvre SesaZlo konfliqti: savarjiSos momzadebis dros ifiqreT im

konfliqtur situaciebze, romlebic SeiZleba warmoSvas am savarjiSom jgufSi an calkeul
bavSvebSi. xom ar aris Tema, wesebi an terminologia metismetad delikaturi zogierTi an yvela
bavSvisTvis?
• nu gamoiwvevT konfliqtebs da nu idgebiT gverdze maTi warmoqmnis SemTxvevaSi.
• nu CaTvliT, rom konfliqtebi Tqveni an sxvisi bralia. konfliqtebi normaluri movlenaa
da gardauvalia yovel jgufSi. daexmareT bavSvebs am faqtis aRiarebaSi da moerideT damnaSaveebis
Ziebas. yuradReba gaamaxvileT konfliqtis mogvarebaze da ara vinmes dadanaSaulebaze.
• gverds nu auvliT erTmaneTisadmi uaryofiT ganwyobas jgufSi. aRiareT misi arseboba
da daexmareT bavSvebs situaciis mogvarebaSi.
• gamokiTxvas da ganxilvas unda daeTmos sakmaod bevri dro yoveli savarjiSos Semdeg,
raTa bavSvebs hqondeT saSualeba, gamoxaton is, Tu ras grZnoben savarjiSos da erTmaneTis
mimarT. es SeiZleba seriozuli Sansi iyos TqvenTvis konfliqtis marTvis modelis Sesaqmnelad.
• gaesaubreT bavSvebs individualurad: bavSvis grZnobebi xSirad imdenad piraduli
da saTuTia, rom SeuZlebelia maTi ganxilva jgufSi. rodesac amas igrZnobT, gamoZebneT dro
imisTvis, rom piradad daelaparakoT bavSvs misi gancdebis gamomwvev mizezebze. agrZnobineT,
rom mzad xarT, mousminoT, rodesac igi mzad iqneba Tavis problemebze sasaubrod.
ix., agreTve, V Tavi, gv. 259, mSvidobis ganaTlebis ganxilva.
adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis praqtikuli

gamoyeneba
vercerTi bavSvi ver Seiswavlis adamianis uflebebs im garemoSi, romelic TviTon ar scems
pativs da ar uWers mxars adamianis uflebaTa kulturas. yvelaze didi wvlili, romelic wamyvans
SeuZlia Seitanos bavSvis mier adamianis uflebebis gagebaSi, aris msgavsi garemos Seqmna.
saWiroa bavSvis interesebisTvis yvelaze sasargeblo arCevanis principze damyarebuli
modelis Seqmna. magaliTad, bavSvebs Soris gardauvali konfliqtebis im principze dayrdnobiT
mogvareba, romelic xazs usvams yvela adamianis uflebas _ miiRos monawileoba da gamoTqvas
50
azri da yvela adamianis pasuxismgeblobas jgufis keTildReobaze da harmoniuli urTierTobebis
damyarebaze. aqtiurad CarTeT bavSvebi konfliqtebis mogvarebis saqmeSi.
realur cxovrebaSi gamoricxeT yovelgvari diskriminacia, Tu gindaT, rom bavSvebic ase
moiqcnen. gaxsovdeT, rom, saukeTeso ganzraxvebis miuxedavad, yvela Cvengani ireklavs sakuTari
kulturis winaswar Seqmnil Sexedulebebs. es winaswar Seqmnili Sexedulebebi da stereotipebi
gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa genderuli Tanasworobis sferoSi. gamokvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom
instinqturad, yovelgvari winaswari ganzraxvis gareSe, wamyvanebis umetesoba biWebs met drosa
da yuradRebas uTmobs, vidre gogonebs. gansakuTrebiT izruneT imaze, rom gogonebma biWebis
Tanabari monawileoba miiRon praqtikul savarjiSoTa yvela nawilSi. Tu saWiroa, mimarTeT
pozitiur diskriminacias. `kompasitos~ efeqtianoba adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferoSi
mTlianad aris damokidebuli Tqveni, wamyvanebis, saqmianobis efeqtianobaze!
-------------------
1 All different - All equal, Education Pack on ideas, resources, methods and activities for informal intercultural educa-
tion with young people and adults, Council of Europe, 2004, p.122
51
IV. praqtikuli savarjiSoebi
praqtikul savarjiSoTa CamonaTvali
xangr- gver-
# saxelwodeba savarjiSos tipi sirTule Temebi Temebi Temebi
Zlivoba di
adamianis adamianis
xatva, gaferadeba,
1 uflebaTa me-2 120 zogadi 54
gamoWra
kalendari uflebebi
adamianis adamianis
ambebis Txroba, media da
2 uflebaTa me-3 120-180 zogadi 58
xatva, wera interneti
reklamireba uflebebi
adamianis mediis ganxilva, adamianis
media da
3 uflebebi plakatis Seqmna, me-2 45 zogadi 61
interneti
axal ambebSi ganxilva uflebebi
diskusia, gancxade- genderuli adamianis
biWebi ar diskrimi-
4 bebis Teatraluri me-2 90 Tanas- zogadi 63
tirian nacia
warmodgena woroba uflebebi
brZola mSvidoba
jgufuri Sejibri da
5 forTox- 1-li 30 da usa- 66
diskusia
lisTvis frTxoeba
rolebis gaTamaSeba, adamianis siRaribe da
gadadgi diskrimi-
6 simulireba, ganx- me-2 60 zogadi socialuri 68
nabiji win nacia
ilva uflebebi gariyva
gemiT mgza-
adamianis
vroba axali prioritetebis
7 1-li 45 zogadi 74
kontinen- dadgena, diskusia
uflebebi
tisken
mSvidoba
aqtiuri saTavga-
da ada-
daipyari dasavlo TamaSi,
8 me-2 120 mianebis 81
cixe-simagre swavla eqsperimen-
usafrTx-
tis safuZvelze
oeba
damkvirveb- mSvidoba
ambis Txroba, ganx-
9 lis nacvlad me-2 60 da usa- Zaladoba 84
ilva
– damxmare frTxoeba
ojaxi da
vin unda mi-
gadawyvetilebis alter- monawi-
10 iRos gadaw- me-2 45 86
miReba, diskusia natiuli leoba
yvetileba?
zrunva
adamianis
zabder- ambebis moyola, diskrimi-
11 1-li 35 zogadi 90
filio gansja nacia
uflebebi
zRapars adamianis
TojinebiT zRapris
12 Tojinebi me-2 120 zogadi 94
dadgma, diskusia
yvebian uflebebi
adamianis
TamaSebi diskrimi- media da
13 TamaSi suraTebiT me-2 30 zogadi 96
suraTebiT nacia interneti
uflebebi
ganaTleba
Tanamedrove ambis Txroba, diskrimi-
14 me-2 60 da Tavisu- Zaladoba 99
zRapari diskusia nacia
fali dro
janmrTe-
Tvalax- simulireba, disku- diskrimi- loba da
15 1-li 45 monawileoba 104
veuli sia nacia keTil-
dReoba
TiToeul
ganxilva, dagegmva, moqalaqeo- demokra-
16 xmas mniS- me-3 2X60 107
simulireba ba tia
vneloba aqvs
iyo da ara ambis Txroba, dis- demokra- diskrimi- genderuli
17 me-2 40 112
iyo ra kusia tia nacia Tanasworoba
janmrTe-
`kompasi-
foto an sxva tipis loba da
18 tos~ repor- me-2 90-120 garemo monawileoba 117
reportaJi keTil-
tiori
dReoba
konstitu-
konsensusis miRweva, oqalaqeo- demokra-
19 cia Cveni me-3 90-135 monawileoba 120
wesis Camoyalibeba ba tia
jgufisTvis
52
adamianis
kurdRlis warmosaxva, erTad
20 1-li 30 zogadi 124
uflebebi mofiqreba, diskusia
uflebebi
msoflios
prioritetebis adamianis
bavSvTa diskrimi-
21 dadgena, molapar- me-2 da me-3 45-60 zogadi 126
sazafxulo nacia
akeba, diskusia uflebebi
banaki
adamianis ganaTleba siRaribe da
analizi, diskusia,
22 ra iqneba ... me-3 60 zogadi da Tavisu- socialuri 130
sketCis gaTamaSeba
uflebebi fali dro gariyva
ra mSven- siRaribe da
diskrimi- garemos
23 ieria sam- xatva, diskusia 1-li 50 socialuri 135
nacia dacva
yaro gariyva
risi keTeba ojaxi da
momwons survilebis gamox- diskrimi- alter- genderuli
24 me-2 45 138
da da ras atva, diskusia nacia natiuli Tanasworoba
vakeTeb zrunva
rogor
adamianTa fotoebis
25 aviciloT 1-li 60 Zaladoba 140
Seqmna, diskusia
Zaladoba
adamianis
sabrZolo aqtiuri jgufuri
26 me-2 60 zogadi 142
mzadyofna TamaSi Ria cis qveS
uflebebi
adamianis
samagido
27 TamaSebi baraTebiT me-2 45 zogadi 147
TamaSebi
uflebebi
sityvebi,
siis Sedgena, prior- genderuli
romlebic diskrimi-
28 itetebis dadgena, me-2 60 Tanas- Zaladoba 159
guls gvt- nacia
diskusia woroba
kens
umniSvnelo- prioritetebis gan- adamianis
29 vanesi visT- sazRvra, konsensu- me-3 60 zogadi 162
vis? sis miRweva, diskusia uflebebi
uflebebis adamianis
xatva, analizi, dis-
30 moniSvna ru- me-2 da me-3 60 zogadi 166
kusia
kaze uflebebi
uflebebis adamianis genderuli
SemoqmedebiTi sa-
31 moZravi kon- me-2 120-180 zogadi Tanas- 169
varjiSo
struqcia uflebebi woroba
janmrTe-
uxmo diq- rolebis gaTamaSeba, diskrimi- loba da
32 me-2 45 monawileoba 173
tori gamocnoba nacia keTil-
dReoba
fizikuri/
fsiqologi- diskrimi-
33 diskusia, moZraoba me-2 60 Zaladoba 176
uri zewolis nacia
magaliTebi
mSvidoba
siRaribe
da ada-
jgufuri molapar- da so-
34 Rormucela me-2 40-60 mianebis 180
akebebi, ganxilva cialuri
usafrTx-
gariyva
oeba
adamianis
Sen ra azris diskusia fizikur sa- monawil-
35 1-li 30-40 zogadi 184
xar? varjiSosTan erTad eoba
uflebebi
ganaTleba janmrTeloba
codnis kolaJis gakeTeba, iskrimi-
36 1-li 2X60 da Tavisu- da keTil- 187
moculoba diskusia nacia
fali dro dReoba
janmrTe-
siRaribe da
Zvirfasi diskrimi- loba da
37 Txroba, ganxilva me-2 60 socialuri 190
dRiuri nacia keTil-
gariyva
dReoba
adamianis
wylis garemos
38 TamaSi, diskusia me-2 60 zogadi 194
wveTebi dacva
uflebebi
ojaxi da
Cven erTi diskrimi- alter- genderuli
39 xatva, diskusia me-2 60 198
ojaxi varT nacia natiuli Tanasworoba
zrunva
visi suraTi adamianis
TamaSi-gamocnoba, diskrimi- media da
40 maqvs zurgze me-2 30 zogadi 200
diskusia nacia interneti
dakruli? uflebebi
53
1. adamianis uflebaTa kalendari
wlis yoveli dRe adamianis uflebaTa dRea!
Temebi: adamianis zogadi uflebebi
sirTulis done: me-2 done
asaki: 8 — 13 weli
xangrZlivoba: 120 wuTi kalendris Sesaqmnelad; damatebiTi mecadineobebi

yovelTviurad.
jgufis sidide: 2-24 bavSvi
savarjiSos tipi: xatva, gaferadeba, gamoWra, informaciis

grafikulad warmodgena.
savarjiSos aRwera: jgufuri kalendris gakeTeba adamianis uflebebTan

dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani TariRebis aRniSvniT.
miznebi: x zogadi codnis gaRrmaveba adamianis uflebaTa

sxvadasxva aspeqtis Sesaxeb
x zogadi codnis gaRrmaveba drois dayofis (mag. Tve,
kvira, kviris dReebi) da sagangebo movlenebis
aRsaniSnavi drois Sesaxeb
x dagegmvis unar-Cevevebis ganviTareba
x warmosaxvis unaris ganviTareba sxvadasxva
dResaswaulis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebiT
momzadeba: x TiToeuli TvisaTvis moamzadeT kalendris calke

gverdi, sadac kviris dReebi svetis saxiT iqneba
Camowerili
x TiToeuli jgufisTvis dasamaxsovreblad SeadgineT
da gadaiReT sagangebo dReebis CamonaTvali
x moamzadeT qaRaldis kvadratuli naWrebi jgufis
wevri TiToeuli bavSvisa da ufrosisTvis, romelzec
iqneba warwera `dabadebis dRe!~
masalebi: x AA4 formatis qaRaldis 12 furceli, Tu SesaZlebelia,

laminirebuli an muyaoze dakruli
x dasamaxsovrebeli sagangebo dReebis sailustracio
masalis aslebi
x kalmistrebi, markerebi an feradi fanqrebi TiToeuli
jgufisTvis
x webovani lenti, webo an `velkro~
x survilisamebr: damatebiTi masalebi, patara kalendari,
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis adaptirebuli versia (ix.
sailustracio masala).
miTiTebebi
1. auxseniT bavSvebs, rom gaakeTeben kalendars, romelic daexmarebaT imis gagebaSi, Tu ra

sgangebo dReebia mosalodneli, gansakuTrebiT iseTi, romlebic adamianis uflebebTan aris
dakavSirebuli.
2. auxseniT bavSvebs, Tu ra aris adamianis ufleba (Tu maT jer ar ician es) da uTxariT, rom
bavSvis
v v ufle
uflebebic e c arsebobs.
e sTxoveT maT, daasaxelon bavSvis uflebebi da, Tu saWiro iqneba,
T
Tqvenc daasaxeleT.
3. hkiTxeT bavSvebs, Tu ician iseTi sgangebo dRis
wyaro: adaptirebulia Sesaxeb,
S romelic ukavSirdeba bavSvis an adamianis uflebebs
`kompasidan~: saxelmZR- (magaliTad,
(m religiuri dResaswaulebi SeiZleba daukavSiroT
vanelo adamianis ufle- azrovnebis,
a sindisis da rwmenis Tavisuflebis uflebas; erovnuli
baTa ganaTlebis sferoSi d
dResaswaulebi SeiZleba daukavSiroT erovnebis qonis uflebas;
axalgazrdebis monawile-
k
kulturuli dResaswaulebi SeiZleba daukavSiroT kulturis
obiT (evropis sabWo,
2002w.), gv. 263
m
monapovrebze uflebas). CamowereT es yovelive. gauRviZeT
b
bavSvebs survili, rom SemoqmedebiTad miudgnen am sakiTxs da
54
moifiqron iseTi dReebi, romlebic adamianis uflebebs SeiZleba daukavSirdes. waaxaliseT
isini, rom gamoicnon zogierTi ram. Semdeg daarigeT `dasamaxsovrebeli sgangebo dReebis~ sia da
miumateT mas diskusiis msvlelobaSi aRniSnuli sxva dResaswaulebi. imsjeleT imaze, Tu rogor
unda izeimon aseTi dResaswaulebi, rom adamianis uflebaTa mniSvnelobam wina planze wamoiwios.
dayaviT bavSvebi oTx jgufad da TiToeul jgufs sami Tve gamouyaviT mecadineobisTvis.
mieciT TiToeul jgufs kalendris sami furceli, gasaferadebeli masala da sxva saWiro sagnebi
kalendrebis Sesavsebad.
4. ganumarteT miTiTebebi:
a. pirvel rigSi CawereT TiToeuli Tvis dReebi.
b. Semdeg CamowereT da kvadratSi CasviT am Tveebis mniSvnelovani uqme dReebi, rom
sadResaswaulo dReebi gamorCeuli iyos sxva dReebisgan. maTi gaformeba dakavSirebuli unda
iyos gansaxilveli dResaswaulis da/an adamianis uflebis TemasTan. rodesac uqme erT dReze
met xans grZeldeba, moniSneT yvela dRe. skolis ardadegebic miuTiTeT.
g. Semdeg am sgangebo dReebs gaukeTeT safari da zed daawereT `dResaswauli~, ise,
rom safaris gadaweviT bavSvebs elodebodeT siurprizi. daawebeT safari webovani lentiT an
`velkroTi~.
5. rodesac furclebi Seivseba, CamokideT kedelze an dadeT iatakze ise, rom yvela xedavdes.
axseniT, rom zogierTi Zalze mniSvnelovani dResaswauli gamotovebulia.
6. mieciT TiToeul bavSvs erTi kvadrati warweriT `dabadebis dRe!~, sTxoveT, mividnen
kalendarTan da moZebnon TavianTi dabadebis dReebi; Semdeg daawereT kalendarze `---------------~
dabadebis dRe da daafareT zed kvadrati warweriT `dabadebis dRe!~ (romelsac webovani lentiT
miamagrebT ise, rom SeiZlebodes misi aweva an moxsna). rodesac es davaleba Sesruldeba, hkiTxeT,
ratom ukavSirdeba dabadebis dRe adamianis uflebebs da ganmarteT, rom yvela adamians aqvs
sicocxlis ufleba da ufleba, hqondes saxeli.
savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilva da Sefaseba
1. imsjeleT savarjiSoze Semdegi kiTxvebis gamoyenebiT:

a. mogewonaT es savarjiSo?
b. ra iswavleT kalendris Sesaxeb?
g. romeli sgangebo dRis mosvlas eliT? ratom?
2. ganmarteT, rom sgangebo dReebs aRvniSnavT, xolo adamianis uflebebiT yoveldRiurad
vsargeblobT. dasviT aseTi kiTxvebi:
a. adamianis romeli uflebiT vsargeblobT yoveldRiurad? romeli uflebiT
(uflebebiT) vsargeblobT am wuTas?
b. yvela bavSvs aqvs Tu ara es uflebebi? yvela bavSvs SeuZlia Tu ara, isargeblos
am uflebebiT?
g. ra SegviZlia gavakeToT imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom yvela bavSvis ufleba
daculi iyos? visi saqmea amis gakeTeba?
3. yoveli Tvis dasawyisSi gadaSaleT kalendris axali gverdi.
a. gadawieT safarebi, rom dainaxoT, ra movlenebia mosalodneli.
b. ganmarteT dResaswaulis mniSvneloba, gaavleT kavSiri adamianis uflebebTan.
g. erTad dagegmeT, rogor izeimebT TiToeul dResaswauls.
rCevebi Semdgomi muSaobisTvis
im kviris ganmavlobaSi, rodesac adamianis sgangebo uflebis dRea mosalodneli, SearCieT

savarjiSo `kompasitodan~, romelic exeba konkretul dResaswaulTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs.
gamoiyeneT 52-e gverdze mocemuli Tematuri sqema, romelic SerCevis dros dagexmarebaT.
ramdenime idea, romlebic muSaobaSi dagexmarebaT
* sTxoveT bavSvebs, gaarkvion, aris Tu ara maT skolaSi, jgufSi an klubSi bavSvis uflebaTa
dacvis wesebi da procedurebi da maT movaleobebsac adgens Tu ara es wesebi. Tu es asea, sTxoveT
Seafason es wesebi:
visi Sedgenilia isini?
eTanxmebiT Tu ara maT?
* sTxoveT bavSvebs, dagegmon sgangebo dReebis aRniSvna, maT Soris dabadebis dReebisa.
* bavSvebs SesaZloa moundeT, rom zogierTi dResaswauli, magaliTad, adamianis uflebaTa
dRe an bavSvis uflebaTa dRe Temis sxva wevrebTan erTad aRniSnon.
55
sasargeblo rCevebi wamyvans
* nu SeecdebiT, sgangebo dReebis mTliani CamonaTvali gaacnoT auditorias, SearCieT

Tqveni jgufisTvis Sesaferisi dReebi, Tundac bavSvebi jer ar icnobdnen am dResaswaulebs.
varskvlaviT aRniSnuli dReebi gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis aris bavSvebisTvis da/an adamianis
uflebebisTvis.
* imoZraveT jgufebs Soris, sanam bavSvebi kalendarze muSaoben, da darwmundiT, rom
bavSvebs esmiT TiToeuli im dResaswaulis mniSvneloba, romelzec muSaoben.
* Tu kalendarSi erovnul an adgilobriv kulturul da religiur dResaswaulebs SeitanT,
uzrunvelyaviT, rom gaTvaliswinebuli iyos is dResaswaulebi, romlebsac jgufis wevri
bavSvebis ojaxebi da Temebi aRniSnaven. Tu raime eWvi gagiCndebaT, sTxoveT bavSvebs, saxlebidan
moitanon dResaswaulebis sia.
* imisTvis, rom TiToeuli bavSvis dabadebis dRe erTnairad aRiniSnos, SeimuSaveT
jgufuri rituali, romlis Tanaxmad yvela iubilar bavSvs erTnairi privilegia mieniWeba, yvelas
erTnairad miulocaven da gaumaspinZldebian. adgilobrivi kulturidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa
bavSvis saxelobis dRe aRniSnoT da ara misi dabadebis dRe.
* ecadeT, kalendari lamazi da dekoratiuli gamovides. waaxaliseT bavSvebi, rom TiToeuli
dResaswaulisTvis saTanado simboloebi da, Tu saWiroa, ucxoenovani saxelebi gamoiyenon.
* adaptirebuli varianti:
patara bavSvebisTvis:
- darTeT neba, rom Tvis dReebi kalendridan gadmoixaton. gaumaxvileT yuradReba,
rom TveebSi gansxvavebuli raodenobis dReebia 28/29, 30 an 31. amis gamo yvela Tve
kviris sxvadasxva dRes iwyeba.
- mieciT maT kalendari, sadac dReebia aRniSnuli, da sTxoveT, aRniSnon sgangebo
dReebi.
mozrdili bavSvebisTvis: mieciT maT bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis da/an adamianis
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis sabavSvo versiebi da sTxoveT, daukavSiron maT
kalendarze aRniSnuli dResaswaulebi dokumentis konkretul muxlebs.
dasarigebeli masala: dasamaxsovrebeli dReebi
1 ianvari mSvidobis msoflio dRe
8 marti qalTa saerTaSoriso dRe
21 marti tyis msoflio dRe
22 marti wylis msoflio dRe
7 aprili janmrTelobis dacvis msoflio dRe
22 aprili dedamiwis dRe
1 maisi mSromelTa saerTaSoriso solidarobis dRe
8 maisi wiTeli jvrisa da wiTeli naxevarmTvaris msoflio dRe
9 maisi evropis dRe
15 maisi ojaxebis saerTaSoriso dRe
1 ivnisi bavSvTa msoflio dRe*
5 ivnisi garemos dacvis msoflio dRe
21 ivnisi mSvidobisa da locvis msoflio dRe
7 agvisto ganaTlebis dRe
8 seqtemberi wera-kiTxvis saerTaSoriso dRe
1 oqtomberi musikis saerTaSoriso dRe
5 oqtomberi maswavleblis saerTaSoriso dRe
16 oqtomberi sursaTis msoflio dRe
25 oqtomberi gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis dRe
9 noemberi rasizmis sawinaaRmdego dRe
16 noemberi Semwynareblobis saerTaSoriso dRe
20 noemberi bavSvTa sayovelTao dRe
3 dekemberi SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa saerTaSoriso dRe
10 dekemberi adamianis uflebaTa dRe*
* bavSvebs eZRvneba rogorc 1 ivnisi - bavSvTa msoflio dRe, aseve 20 noemberi - bavSvTa sayovelTao dRe, romleb-
sac aRniSnaven gaero da iunesko. garda amisa, bevr qveyanaSi aRiniSneba bavSvTa sakuTari dReebi.
56
orSabaTi samSabaTi oTxSabaTi xuTSabaTi paraskevi SabaTi kvira
dasarigebeli masala: kalendris furceli
57
2. adamianis uflebaTa reklamireba
modi, vamcnoT msoflios adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb!
Temebi: adamianis zogadi uflebebi, romlebic yvela Temas miesadageba,

media da interneti
xangrZlivoba: 120-180 wuTi
savarjiSos tipi: ambebis Txroba, xatva, wera
savarjiSos aRwera:
sa bavSvebi qmnian satelevizio reklamas bavSvis uflebaTa
Sesaxeb.
miznebi: x reklamirebasTan da mediasTan dakavSirebiT kritikuli

azrovnebis unaris ganviTareba
x varjiSi SemoqmedebiTi da komunikaciis unar-Cvevebis
ganviTarebis mizniT
x ideebis SemuSaveba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor
unda moxdes bavSvis uflebaTa reklamireba
x adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb ukeT gaTviTcnobiereba
momzadeba: x Tu amis SesaZlebloba arsebobs, gamoiyeneT

videoaparatura reklamebis gadasaRebad
masalebi: x qaRaldebi da saxatavi saSualebebi
miTiTebebi
1. dayaviT bavSvebi sam an oTxkacian jgufebad. ganumarteT, rom TiToeul jgufs evaleba
bavSvis uflebebis reklamireba. maT unda gaakeTon satelevizio reklama, romelic erTidan sam
wuTamde grZeldeba da adamianebs saSualebas aZlevs, gaigon da/an gaiazron aRniSnuli ufleba.
2. sTxoveT bavSvebs, aRweron zogierTi satelevizio reklama, romelmac maTi yuradReba
miipyro. CaatareT ,,gonebrivi Sturmi~ kargi reklamis mosafiqreblad (Wkvianuri frazebi,
xmovani efeqtebi, musika, iumori, seriozuli gzavnili).
3. imsjeleT auditoriaze, romlisTvisac aris gankuTvnili reklama. visTvis aris is
gankuTvnili _ bavSvebisTvis, mSoblebisTvis, maswavleblebisTvis, farTo auditoriisTvis Tu
yvela maTganisTvis.
4. ganmarteT, rom TiToeulma jgufma unda airCios ufleba, romlis reklamirebac surs, da
auditoria, romelsac unda mimarTos. waaxaliseT bavSvebi, rom airCion iseTi ufleba, romelic,
maTi azriT, namdvilad unda icodnen adamianebma, da is adamianebi, romlebmac unda icodnen am
uflebis Sesaxeb. sTxoveT TiToeuli jgufis warmomadgenlebs, angariSi Cagabaron maT mier
arCeuli uflebis da im auditoriis Sesaxeb, romelsac maT unda mimarTon.
5. mas Semdeg, rac jgufebi airCeven uflebas, maT unda Camoayalibon idea, Tu rogor moaxdenen
mis reklamirebas. waaxaliseT bavSvebi, rom uflebis prezentaciis bevri sxvadasxva gza ganixilon
(magaliTad, moTxroba, romelsac gaiTamaSeben, simRera, romelsac imRereben, multfilmi,
romlis scenars Tavad daweren). SeaxseneT bavSvebs, rom es iqneba videosiuJeti televiziisTvis,
romelic saintereso unda iyos vizualurad da Seicavdes moqmedebas da aramarto laparaks. arc
Zalian rTuli unda iyos, rom prezentacias sam wuTze meti ar dasWirdes.
6. iareT jgufebs Soris da Tvalyuri adevneT maT muSaobas. mas Semdeg, rac jgufi
daamTavrebs reklamas, sTxoveT, moifiqron saTauri da daiwyon praqtikuli mecadineoba.
7. rodesac yvela jgufi dagegmavs sakuTar reklamas, SekribeT yvela da sTxoveT, erTmaneTs
gauziaron ideebi. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs, rom ganmartos mis mier arCeuli ufleba, auditoria
da ideebi. Tu jgufi mzad aris, SeuZlia scados da warmodgena moawyos. TiToeuli aRweris an
58
warmodgenis Semdeg waaxaliseT konstruqciuli winadadebebi da dasviT aseTi kiTxvebi:
a. moewoneba Tu ara es idea sgangebod SerCeul auditorias?
b. sworad gaigebs Tu ara auditoria uflebis ideas?
g. ra mogwonT am ideaSi?
d. winadadebebi xom ar gaqvT mis gasaumjobeseblad?
8. mieciT jgufebs dro TavianTi reklamebis gasaumjobeseblad da savarjiSod.
9. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs, erTmaneTs mouwyon sakuTari reklamebis da gegmebis
prezentacia.
1. ganixileT savarjiSo Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:

a. xom ar iyo am savarjiSos romelime nawili gansakuTrebiT Zneli? gansakuTrebiT
mxiaruli?
b. gaigeT Tu ara raime axali reklamis Seqmnaze?
g. mxatvruli saxeebiT azrovneba ufro Zneli iyo Tu sityvebiT?
d. Zneli iyo Tu ara imis mofiqreba, Tu rogor migeRwiaT konkretul
auditoriamde?
e. yovelTvis pozitiuri aris Tu ara reklamebi? Tu aris, ratom? Tu ar aris, ratom?
v. ra SeityveT sxva scenarebidan?
z. daiwyebT Tu ara televizoris sxvagvarad yurebas am savarjiSos Semdeg?
2. daukavSireT savarjiSo adamianis uflebebs, dasviT Semdegi kiTxvebi:
a. ratom airCia Tqvenma jgufma es konkretuli ufleba?
b. ratom airCieT es konkretuli auditoria?
g. rogor fiqrobT, ra tipis reaqcia an moqmedeba SeiZleba mohyves Tqvens
reklamas?
d. aris Tu ara satelevizio reklama kargi saSualeba adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb
gzavnilis gasagzavnad? Tu aris, ratom? Tu ar aris, ratom?
e. ganixileboda Tu ara Tqvens reklamaSi sxva uflebebi, garda imisa, razec yuradReba
gaamaxvileT?
v. SeiZleba Tu ara ufleba calke iyos, Tu is yovelTvis sxva uflebebTan aris
dakavSirebuli?
z. SegiZliaT Tu ara moifiqroT iseTi ufleba, romlis reklamireba an warmodgena
Znelia?
T. romelime Tqvenma personaJma stereotipi xom ar warmoadgina? Tu asea, aqvs Tu ara
amas negatiuri efeqti? ratom aqvs an ratom ara aqvs?
i. ratom aris mniSvnelovani, rom adamianebma icodnen TavianTi uflebebi?
k. vis sWirdeba adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb ganaTlebis SeZena?
1. ganmarteT, rom bevri sareklamo kampania aerTianebs satelevizio reklamas da grafikul

reklamas beWdviT mediaSi, rogoric aris Jurnalebi da gazeTebi, an plakatebi kioskebze,
avtobusebze da sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris sxva adgilebSi. daiwyeT imiT, rom bavSvebs sTxoveT,
gadaxedon beWdviT medias an daakvirdnen TavianT ubnebs, rom ipovon mosawoni reklama da Semdeg
imsjelon imaze, Tu ra aniWebs am reklamebs momxibvlelobas. Semdeg sTxoveT bavSvebs, gaakeTon
organzomilebiani grafikuli reklama uflebasTan dakavSirebiT. Tu saTanado teqnikaze
migiwvdebaT xeli, grafikuli reklama kompiuterzec SeiZleba gakeTdes. moawyveT maTi gamofena
bavSvTa centrSi an skolaSi.
2. aRniSneT, rom bevri sareklamo kompania qiraobs cnobil orators. sTxoveT bavSvebs,
daasaxelon magaliTebi TavianTi gamocdilebidan. vin surT, rom gagacnon da/an TavianT
reklamaSi warmoadginon? ratom miaCniaT, rom is piri Seefereba maT mier arCeul uflebas an
auditorias?
3. imsjeleT bavSvebTan erTad, Tu rogor SeiZleba adamianis uflebis Sesaxeb ufro
xangrZlivi videorgolis gadaReba, romelSic ambavi iqneba moTxrobili.
a. ramdenad gansxvavebuli iqneboda is sxva reklamebisgan?
b. am ambis romeli aspeqtebi iqneboda mniSvnelovani (magaliTad, kargi siuJeti,
praqtikuli mosazrebebi, rogoric aris, vTqvaT, xarjebi; adamianis
uflebis Sesaxeb gzavnili)?
g. SemoTavazebuli videorgolis ra aspeqtebi iqneboda mniSvnelovani (magaliTad,
59
jgufis wevri bavSvebis garda, sxva msaxiobebis monawileoba xom ar gaxdeboda
saWiro, bevri rekviziti da kostiumi xom ar dagWirdebodaT, saxifaTo scenebi xom ar
iqneboda)?
* Tu SesaZlebelia, gadaiReT reklamebi videokameriT! ganaTebasa da xmasTan dakavSirebiT

daxmarebisTvis, agreTve, teqnikuri saSualebebisTvis SegiZliaT adgilobriv satelevizio
studiebsa da kinoskolebs mimarToT. cudad gadaRebuli videorgolic ki gamodgeba saswavlo
gamocdilebis misaRebad.
* Tu videorgolis gadaReba SeuZlebelia, SegiZliaT gaiTamaSoT siuJetebi, TiTqos maTi
gadaReba xdebodes. ramdenime aseTi reklama adamianis uflebebis cocxali gakveTili iqneba sxva
bavSvebisTvis an mSoblebisTvis.
* waaxaliseT bavSvebi, rom Seafason maT mier nanaxi satelevizio reklamebi.
ratom uSveben aRniSnul reklamebs televiziiT?
romeli auditoriisTvis aris isini gankuTvnili?
ra gzavnili aris gaTvaliswinebuli?
rogori unda iyos mnaxvelTa savaraudo reaqcia?
* es kompleqsuri savarjiSoa, romelic bavSvebs axladnaswavli unar-Cvevebis gamoyenebisken

ubiZgebs (magaliTad, dialogis an simRerebis wera, scenaris mofiqreba). wamyvanma monitoringi
unda gauwios bavSvebis savarjiSos da daexmaros arCeuli kursis SenarCunebaSi.
* zogierTi jgufi SesaZloa ufro swrafad miiwevdes win, vidre sxvebi. Tu jgufma erTi
davaleba Seasrula, mieciT miTiTebebi momdevno safexurTan dakavSirebiT. bevri dro mieciT
savarjiSod da mopovebuli masalis gasaanalizeblad.
* gamoiyeneT savarjiSo reklamirebasTan da mis miznebTan dakavSirebiT kritikuli
azrovnebis ganviTarebisTvis.
* gamoiyeneT savarjiSo konstruqciuli kritikis gamoTqmasa da miRebaSi savarjiSod.
adaptireba
es savarjiSo moiTxovs zogadad adamianis uflebebis, konkretulad ki bavSvis uflebaTa

konvenciis codnas. SegiZliaT daiwyoT adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb `gonebrivi SturmiT~ da
gansazRvroT, Tu ramdenma bavSvma icis adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb. Tu savarjiSos warmatebiT
gamosayeneblad meti informacia sWirdebaT, daiwyeT Sesavali savarjiSoTi, rogoric aris
`samagido TamaSebi~ gv. 147. bavSvebisTvis bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis gasacnobad SegiZliaT
TiToeul bavSvs daavaloT konvenciis erTi muxlis ilustraciis gakeTeba, Semdeg ki sTxovoT,
waikiTxon muxli da axsnan ilustracia.
60
3. adamianis uflebebi axal ambebSi
axali ambebis ararseboba yvelaze kargi
axali ambavia – marTla asea?
Temebi: adamianis zogadi uflebebi, media da interneti
jgufis sidide: 10 — 30 bavSvi
xangrZlivoba: 45 wT
savarjiSos tipi: mediis ganxilva, plakatis Seqmna, ganxilva
savarjiSos aRwera: bavSvebi aTvaliereben Jurnal-gazeTebs adamianis uflebebis

gamoyenebasTan, darRvevasTan da dacvasTan dakavSirebiT.
miznebi: x mediasa da yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi adamianis uflebaTa

Sesaxeb codnis gafarToeba
x mediaSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis ganxilvis Semowmeba
momzadeba: x sxvadasxva gazeTis Segroveba

x plakatisTvis qaRaldis momzadeba yoveli jgufisTvis
masalebi: x gazeTebis furclebi

x didi formatis furclebi
x webovani qaRaldi an webo da makrateli
x markerebi
x adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis
adaptirebuli versia
miTiTebebi
1. auxseniT bavSvebs, rom es TamaSi exeba axal ambebSi adamianis uflebebis ganxilvas. SeaxseneT
bavSvebs wina TamaSebi da adamianis uflebaTa ganxilva. kidev erTxel esaubreT maT adamianis
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis Sesaxeb.
2. dayaviT bavSvebi patara jgufebad. mieciT TiToeul jgufs gazeTi an gazeTis furclebi,
makratlebi, webovani furclebi an webo, markeri da furceli, momzadebuli ise, rogorc es qvemoTaa
mocemuli.
3. auxseniT bavSvebs TamaSi. gaacaniT maT ramdenime magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba sxva
informacia, axali ambebis garda, exebodes adamianis uflebebs.
a. TiToeuli jufi moamzadebs plakats gazeTebidan mopovebuli istoriebis
gamoenebiT.sTxoveT maT moiZion istoriebi, romlebic Semdeg sam kategorias
ukavSirdeba:
i. amoyenebuli uflbebi
ii. aryofili uflebebi
iii. aculi uflebebi.
b. uTxariT, rom maT mxolod ki ar unda moiZion istoriebi, aramed elementebi,
romlebic sports, gancxadebebsa da reklamebs exeba.
g. rodesac ipovian statias, romelic adamianis uflebebs exeba, unda amoWran da
miakran Tavis plakats Sesaferisi kategoriis qveS.
d. rodesac ipovian sagazeTo istorias TiToel kategoriasTan mimarTebaSi,
sTxoveT SearCion erTi istoria gaanalizebisTvis, Semdeg itxvebze pasuxis
gacemis gziT:
4. romeli uflebebi iyo konkretulad ganxiluli istoriaSi? CamowereT isini satiis
gverdiT.
a. ipoveT adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis muxli/muxlebi, romelic
TiToeul uflebas exeba da CamowereT muxlis nomeri/nomrebi siis saxiT.
i. uTxariT, rom Camoweron
TavianTi pasuxebi plakatis
bolos arsebul cariel
adgilze da daxaton maT mier wyaro: adaptirebulia naSromidan
gaanalizebuli istoriaze
mimarTuli isari. “Human Rights Here and Now” (minesotis
5. yoveli jgufidan TiTo bavSvs sTxoveT universitetis adamianis uflebaTa
jgufis plakatis warmodgena. resurs-centri, 1998w.),
www.umn/edu/humanrts/edumat/
hreduseries/hereandnow/Part-3/Activity6.htm
61
1. amoirCieT erTi-ori istoria TiToeuli jgufis plakatidan da sTxoveT jgufis wevrebs, axsnan
istoriis analizi adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis TvalsazrisiT:
a. Zneli iyo Tu ara istoriebis dakavSireba adamianis uflebebTan?
b. bevri istoria exeboda Tu ara adamianis uflebebs?
g. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis romeli muxlebi gamogadgaT?
d. rogorc axalgazrdas, romeli ufleba gexeba yvelaze metad?
2. ganixileT TamaSi iseTi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT, rogoricaa:
a. romeli kategoriis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT iyo yvelaze advili ambis moZebna?
b. iyo Tu ara adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciidan romelime iseTi sakiTxi,
romelic yvelaze xSirad gxvdebodaT?
g. ramdeni statia exeba gansakuTrebiT adamianis uflebebs? ramdeni statia exeboda
adamianis uflebebs, Tumca maTSi ar iyo moxseniebuli es sityvebi? rogor fiqrobT,
ratom ar iyo naxsenebi am statiebSi adamianis uflebebi?
d. iyo Tu ara naxsenebi kerZod bavSvis uflebebi?
e. am statiebidan gamomdinare, rogor fiqrobT, rogoria adamianis uflebaTa dacvis
mdgomareoba dRevandel msoflioSi? evropaSi? Tqvens TemSi?
v. am statiebis mixedviT, ra ganxorcielda adamianis uflebebis dasacavad?
vin ganaxorciela Sesabamisi qmedebebi?

* TamaSebi ùflebebis moniSvna rukaze~ (gv. 166) da `kompasitos~ reportiori~ (gv. 117)
mouwodeben bavSvebs, Sexedon Tavis sazogadoebas adamianis uflebaTa dacvis TvalsazrisiT. garda
amisa, TamaSi aswavlis bavSvebs maTi dakvirvebis Sedegebis warmodgenas.

* datoveT plakatebi gamofenili da sTxoveT bavSvebs kidev sxva sagazeTo amonaWrebis motana.
kidev erTxel gadaxedeT plakatebs mas Semdeg, rac maT axali statiebi daemateba.
* amoarCieT romelime erTi ufleba, yvelaze saintereso jgufisTvis, da CaatareT codnis
gafarToebis kampania (magaliTad, qonebis ufleba, SesaZloa dakavSirebuli siRaribesTan;
ganaTlebis ufleba, gansakuTrebiT xarisxiani ganaTlebisa) jgufis mier arCeul doneze
(adgilobrivi, saxelmwifo, saerTaSoriso doneebi).

* amoarCieT masalebi sxvadasxva gazeTidan da Jurnalidan, maT Soris adgilobrivi da
sareklamo gazeTebidan. ar aris aucilebeli, rom Jurnal-gazeTebi axali iyos.
* gauCineT bavSvebs gazeTebis sxva nawilebis wakiTxvis survili, magaliTad, gancxadebebis:
qonebis ufleba; qorwinebis an gardacvalebis Setyobinebebis: kulturis, qorwinebis, gansjis,
sindisis da rwmenis ufleba; sportulis: dasvenebis ufleba; piradi gancxadebebis da Sexvedrebis
Taobaze Setyobinebebis: gaerTianebis ufleba.
* Tavidan ecadeT yvela jgufTan muSaobas, raTa yvelam kargad gaigos davaleba.
* alternatiuli varianti: yvela jgufs sam sxvadasxva plakatSi Seaqvs TiTo kategoria,
statiebis kombinirebiT isini axerxeben mTliani klasis plakatis Seqmnas.
* adaptireba umcrosi bavSvebisTvis:
* mosTxoveT maT mxolod or kategoriaze muSaoba: uflebebis gamoyeneba da uari uflebebze.
* gamotoveT me-3 nabijSi mocemuli analizi.
* dasviT gamokiTxvasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebi, romlebic efuZneba bavSvebis gamocdilebas
adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT maT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.
* adaptireba ufrosi bavSvebisTvis:
* sTxoveT bavSvebs, gaarCion, rogor aris erTi da imave uflebebTan dakavSirebuli movlena
gaSuqebuli sxvadasxva gazeTSi. ra gansxvavebas xedaven isini sakiTxis mniSvnelobis ganxilvaSi?
razea gadatanili aqcenti? arsebobs Tu ara erTi da imave movlenis sxvadasxva versiebi? romelime
versiaSi aris Tu ara moxseniebuli kerZod adamianis uflebebi?
* sTxoveT monawileebs, uyuron axal ambebs televiziiT, Caiweron iq ganxiluli sakiTxebi da
dro, romelic daeTmo adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs.
dasarigebeli masala: plakatis nimuSi
gamoyenebuli uflebebi uari uflebebze daculi uflebebi
analizi analizi analizi

ufleba adamianis ufleba adamianis ufleba adamianis
62
4. biWebi ar tirian!
xolo gogonebi ufro sazrianebi arian. . .
Temebi: diskriminacia, genderuli Tanasworoba, adamianis zogadi

uflebebi
asaki: 8 - 13 weli
xangrZlivoba: 90 wuTi
savarjiSos tipi: diskusia, gancxadebebis Teatraluri warmodgena
savarjiSos aRwera: bavSvebi kamaToben da warmoadgenen TavianT sketCebs

maprovocirebeli gancxadebebis Sesaxeb.
miznebi: x genderuli stereotipebis da genderuli Tanasworobis

ganxilva
x Semwynareblobis xelSewyoba
x imis ilustrireba, Tu rogor warmoSobs stereotipi
genderul uTanasworobas
momzadeba: x airCieT CamonaTvalidan sami gancxadeba an dawereT axali

x moamzadeT 4 niSani: `veTanxmebi~, àr vici~, `vfiqrob,~ àr
veTanxmebi~
x moaTavseT TiToeuli niSani oTaxis kuTxeebSi
x airCieT damatebiTi gancxadebebi sketCSi gamosayeneblad
da dawereT calke furclebze
masalebi: furclebi niSnebisTvis, qaRaldis zolebi gancxadebebisTvis
miTiTebebi
pirveli nawili: poziciis dakaveba
1. auxseniT bavSvebs savarjiSos pirveli nawili:

a. oTaxi daiyo oTx kuTxed. TiToeul kuTxeSi aris niSani: `veTanxmebi~, àr vici~,
`vfiqrob~, àr veTanxmebi~.
b. xmamaRla da saTiTaod waikiTxeT sami sxvadasxva gancxadeba. bavSvebi kuTxeebSi
ikaveben pozicias imis mixedviT, eTanxmebian, ar eTanxmebian, azri ar gaaCniaT
Tu meti dafiqreba sWirdebaT.
2. waikiTxeT pirveli gancxadeba da daicadeT, sanam bavSvebi pozicias airCeven. Semdeg
hkiTxeT sxvadasxva kuTxeSi myof bavSvebs, ratom airCies es konkretuli pozicia. uTxariT
bavSvebs, Seicvalon pozicia, Tu sxvaTa argumentebis mosmenis Semdeg azrs Seicvlian. samive
gancxadebis SemTxvevaSi gaimeoreT es procesi.
3. kvlav erT jgufad gaaerTianeT bavSvebi da imsjeleT savarjiSos am nawilze:
a. ramem xom ar gagaocaT am savarjiSosTan dakavSirebiT?
b. rogor fiqrobT, ratom aqvT adamianebs gansxvavebuli azri am
gancxadebebTan dakavSirebiT?
g. xom ar SegacvlevinaT azri vinmes argumentebma? ratom?
d. rogor gavigoT, romeli poziciaa swori?
meore nawili: poziciis gaTamaSeba
4. dayaviT bavSvebi patara xuTkacian jgufebad da TiToeul jgufs mieciT gansxvavebuli

gancxadeba. auxseniT, rom maT aqvT 15 wuTi gancxadebis wasakiTxad, msjelobisTvis da mokle
sketCis dasadgmelad (mini speqtakli), romelic am gancxadebis Sesaxeb gzavnils Seicavs.
5. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs, warmoadginos Tavisi sketCi. yoveli prezentaciis Semdeg
63
hkiTxeT auditorias, ra gzavnilis gadmocemas isaxavda miznad es prezentacia. Semdeg hkiTxeT
prezentaciis avtorebs, ra gzavnilis gadmocema surdaT maT.
1. imsjeleT genderuli stereotipebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb da dasviT Semdegi kiTxvebi:

a. ra saerTo hqonda am gancxadebebs? xom ar iciT amis msgavsi sxva gancxadebebi?
b. aris Tu ara gansxvavebuli wesebi da moTxovnebi biWebis an gogonebisTvis
am jgufSi? saklaso oTaxSi an skolaSi? ojaxSi? ra damokidebuleba aqvT
amis mimarT?
g. SegiZliaT gamoTqvaT sxva mosazrebebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogorebi unda
iyvnen gogonebi da biWebi an ra unda akeTon maT? aris Tu ara msgavsi ideebi Cveni
qveynis sxva nawilebSi? evropaSi? msoflioSi?
d. ra xdeba, rodesac romelime biWi an gogona ar eTanxmeba am ideebs da
surs sxvanairi iyos an sxvanairad moiqces? Tu yofilxarT msgavs situaciaSi?
rogor grZnobdiT Tavs? rogor moiqeciT?
e. iseve moqmedebs Tu ara zrdasrul adamianebze ideebi imis Taobaze, Tu rogorebi
unda iyvnen mamakacebi da qalebi, rogorc bavSvebze?
2. daukavSireT genderuli stereotipebi diskriminacias da dasviT Semdegi kiTxvebi:
a. ramdenad zRudavs ideebi mamakacebis da qalebis Taobaze Cvens arCevans?
SegiZliaT magaliTebis dasaxeleba?
b. ra gavlenas axdens es SezRudvebi adamianis uflebebze?
g. risi gakeTeba SegviZlia momavalSi, rom biWebi da gogonebi ufro
Tavisuflad moqmedebdnen, Tu amis survili aqvT?
* savarjiSo `ra mSvenieria samyaro~, gv. 135 yuradRebas amaxvilebs garegnul saxeze da
realobaze.
* genderul stereotipebs exeba, agreTve, savarjiSo ìyo da ara iyo ra~, gv. 112.
bavSvebTan erTad SeimuSaveT personaluri `qcevis kodeqsi~, sadac aRwerili iqneba, Tu rogor
unda moeqcnen erTmaneTs jgufis wevrebi da rogor unda iqnes uzrunvelyofili gogonebis
da biWebis Tanasworoba. daamagreT kedelze da gamoiyeneT, rodesac jgufSi konfliqti
wamoiWreba.
* frTxilad iyaviT, rom ar ganamtkicoT is stereotipi, romelsac savarjiSos msvlelobaSi

ganixilavT. gaxsovdeT Tqveni sakuTari crurwmenebi da stereotipebi genderTan dakavSirebiT
da is, Tu rogor unda gaacnoT isini bavSvebs rogorc wamyvanma.
* airCieT gancxadebebi, romlebic aCvenebs, rogor xdeba, rom gogonebs da biWebs,
maTi fizikuri gansxvavebis miuxedavad, erTnairi uflebebi aqvT. airCieT winaaRmdegobrivi
gancxadebebi, rom gansxvavebuli azrebis demonstrireba moaxdinoT.
* erideT gogonebis da biWebis polarizebas. jgufis mixedviT SegiZliaT sketCebisTvis
SearCioT erTsqesiani an Sereulsqesiani jgufebi.
* mSoblebis pozicias Zlieri gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia bavSvebis poziciaze. mSoblebs
SeiZleba pozitiuri reaqciac hqondeT da negatiuric am savarjiSosTan dakavSirebiT.
adaptirebuli varianti
savarjiSos Semoklebis mizniT mxolod Tqveni jgufisTvis misadagebuli nawili

gaiTamaSeT.
sketCis warmodgenas sjobia, sTxovoT bavSvebs, moawyon vizualuri prezentacia
(magaliTad, naxatebi, multfilmebi, kolaJebi Jurnalebidan amoWrili
suraTebiT da a.S.)
64
gancxadebebis nimuSebi
* Tojinebi mxolod gogonebs aqvT
* biWebi ar tirian
* biWebi ar atareben qveda boloebs
* gogona ver iqneba xelmZRvaneli piri
* fexburTs mxolod biWebi TamaSoben
* gogonebi sustebi arian, biWebi Zlierebi
* gogonebi exmarebian dedebs, biWebi – mamebs
* sjobia gogo iyo, vidre biWi
* rodesac rame daSavdeba, pirvel rigSi biWebs adanaSauleben
* biWebs SeuZliaT uzrdeli sityvebis Tqma, gogonebs _ ara
* gogonebi ufro sazrianebi arian, vidre biWebi
* gogonebi igeben CxubSi, radgan `binZuri~ xerxebiT Cxuboben
* biWebisTvis normaluria erTmaneTs rom urtyamen, gogonebisTvis _ ara
* biWebi ufro zarmacebi arian, vidre gogonebi
* gogonebi ufro matyuarebi arian, vidre biWebi
65
5. brZola forToxlisTvis
SeiZleba am brZolaSi orive mxarem gaimarjvos?
Temebi: mSvidoba
sirTulis done: pirveli
asaki: 8-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: jgufuri Sejibri da diskusia
savarjiSos bavSvebi erTmaneTs forToxlis xelSi

aRwera: CagdebaSi ejibrebian da konfliqtis
mogvarebis gzebs ganixilaven
miznebi: x konfliqtur situaciebSi komunikaciis

aucileblobis ganxilva
x konfliqtis mogvarebis gzebis ganxilva
momzadeba: ar aris saWiro
masalebi: erTi forToxali
miTiTebebi
1. uTxariT bavSvebs, rom `forToxlis TamaSi“ unda iTamaSon. sTxoveT à~ jgufs, gareT
dagelodoT, `b“ jgufs ki uTxariT, rom maTi mizani forToxlis mopovebaa, radgan maT am
forToxlis wveni sWirdebaT.
2. gadiT gareT da uTxariT à“ jgufs, rom maTi mizani forToxlis mopovebaa, radgan maT
forToxlis kani sWirdebaT forToxlis namcxvris gamosacxobad.
3. SekribeT orive jgufi oTaxSi da sTxoveT, dasxdnen erTmaneTis pirispir.
4. uTxariT TiToeul jgufs, rom sasurveli nivTis misaRebad mxolod sami wuTi aqvT.
xazgasmiT sTxoveT, rom Zaladoba dauSvebelia. Semdeg dadeT forToxali SuaSi da daiZaxeT
`midi.“
rogorc wesi, viRac stacebs xels forToxals da is erT-erTi jgufis sakuTreba gaxdeba,
magram saintereso isaa, Tu rogor gaarTmeven jgufebi Tavs am situacias. xandaxan isini cdiloben,
moilaparakon da forToxali Suaze gayon. xandaxan sul ar cdiloben molaparakebas. zogjer
erTmaneTSi saubris Sedegad aRmoaCenen, rom maT forToxlis sxvadasxva nawili sWirdebaT. am
SemTxvevaSi jgufis wevri forToxals gafcqvnis da orive jgufi imas miiRebs, rac sWirdeba. nu
CaereviT.
5. sami wuTis Semdeg daiZaxeT `SeCerdiT“ an `dro“
1. savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvisas Semdegi kiTxvebi dagexmarebaT:

a. miiRo Tqvenma jgufma is, rac undoda, da Tanac 3 wuTis amowurvamde?
b. ra iyo Tqveni jgufis mizani?
g. ra SedegiT dasrulda dava forToxlis garSemo?
d. ra gaakeTeT am Sedegis misaRwevad?
e. ratom aris aucilebeli adamianebs Soris komunikacia konfliqtis mosagvareblad?
v. konfliqtis dros adamianebi gana yovelTvis urTierToben erTmaneTTan? ratom?
ratom ara?
66
z. konfliqtis dros adamianebs erTi da igive ram undaT?
T. odesme yofilxarT msgavs situaciaSi? ra SedegiT damTavrda is?
2. miusadageT es savarjiSo adamianis uflebebs Semdegi kiTxvis daxmarebiT:

a. adamianis romeli uflebebi irRveva konfliqtisas?
* konfliqtebis mogvarebas Seexeba aseve savarjiSo `rogor aviciloT Zaladoba“, gv. 133.
* aris kidev ramdenime savarjiSo, sadac molaparakebebis warmarTvaa saWiro, esenia:
`daipyari cixe-simagre“ gv. 89; `Rormucela“ gv. 95.
SeimuSaveT jgufis SigniT SesaZlo konfliqtis mogvarebis gzebi. CamowereT es gzebi didi
formatis furcelze da dakideT oTaxis romelime kedelze.
* imisTvis, rom savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvisas bavSvebis yuradReba forToxalze ar iyos

koncentrirebuli, sami wuTis gasvlis Semdeg aiReT forToxali (an forToxlis narCenebi).
* ecadeT, ar moaxdinoT gavlena konfliqtze, Tumca sifrTxilea saWiro: bavSvebs xazgasmiT
unda uTxraT, rom ZaladobiT sasurveli Sedegis miRweva dauSvebelia.
* ufro mravalricxovani jgufebisTvis morgebuli varianti: ori jgufis nacvlad bavSvebi
oTx jgufad dayaviT; gaimarTeba erTdroulad ori `brZola forToxlisTvis“. SeadgineT ori
à“ da ori `b“ jgufi da maT igive miTiTebebi mieciT, rac zemoTaa moyvanili. pirveli à“ jgufi
pirveli `b“ jgufis pirispir dajdes, meore à“ jgufi ki meore `b“ jgufis pirispir. forToxlebi
jgufebs Soris dadeT. jgufebma savarjiSo erTdroulad unda daiwyon da erTdroulad unda
daasrulon. orive `brZolis“ dros mimdinare sxvadasxva procesis da Sedegebis ganxilva SesaZloa
saintereso aRmoCndes.
67
6. gadadgi nabiji win
yvela Tanasworia, Tumca erTni ufro
Tanasworni arian, vidre meoreni
Temebi: adamianis zogadi uflebebi, diskriminacia, siRaribe da socialuri

gariyva
sirTulis done: me-2
asaki: 10-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: roluri TamaSi, simulacia, diskusia
savarjiSos bavSvebma unda warmoidginon TavianTi Tavi sxvis adgilas da

aRwera: ifiqron imaze, rom diskriminaciis da gariyulobis saTave aris
uTanasworoba
miznebi: x gansxvavebuli adamianebis mimarT TanagrZnobis kultivacia

x sazogadoebis wevrebs Soris araTanabar SesaZleblobebSi
garkveva
x imis Secnoba, Tu ra Sedegi moaqvs umciresobis jgufis
SesaZlo wevrobas
momzadeba: x moargeT rolebi da `situaciebi“ jgufs

x daamzadeT baraTi TiToeuli rolisTvis
x gaamravleT rolebis amsaxveli furclebi, daWeriT isini
wvril zolebad da gadakeceT
masalebi: x baraTebi
x situaciebis amsaxveli sia
x SesaZlebelia, agreTve, feradi qaRaldebis gamoyeneba
baraTebis da (an) suraTebis dasamzadeblad
miTiTebebi
1. sanam savarjiSos daiwyebT, hkiTxeT bavSvebs, odesme Tu warmoudgeniaT TavianTi Tavi

sxvis adgilas? sTxoveT, dagisaxelon magaliTebi. auxseniT, rom am savarjiSoSi TiToeulma
bavSvma unda warmoidginos, viTom sxva aris, sakuTari Tavisgan Zalze gansxvavebuli.
2. ganmarteT, rom TiToeulma bavSvma unda aiRos furceli, romelzec misi axali vinaobaa
miTiTebuli, da is aravis unda gaumxilos. Tuki romelime bavSvs Tavisi rolis amsaxvel baraTze
romelime sityvis mniSvneloba ar esmis, Cumad unda aiwios xeli da daelodos wamyvans, romelic
auxsnis.
3. ecadeT, savarjiSos am etapze bavSvemba kiTxvebi ar dagisvan. auxseniT, rom Tu am
adamianis Sesaxeb maT bevri araferi ician, ubralod fantazia daixmaron. daexmareT bavSvebs
rolis gaTavisebaSi da sTxoveT, ramdenime konkretuli ram gaakeTon, rac rolis gaTavisebaSi
daexmarebaT. magaliTad:
a. dairqviT saxeli. dawereT es saxeli baraTze, rom gaxsovdeT, vis rols TamaSobT.
b. daxateT Tqveni Tavi.
g. daxateT Tqveni saxli, oTaxi an quCa.
d. moiareT oTaxi ise, TiTqos es adamiani xarT.
4. maTi fantaziis gasaxaliseblad daukariT wynari musika da sTxoveT bavSvebs, dasxdnen,
Tvalebi daxuWon da moisminon da warmoidginon pasuxebi qvemoT moyvanil itxvebze, romlebsac
waukiTxavT:
a. gaxsovT pataraobidan? rogori ojaxi gyavdaT pataraobaSi?
sad daibadeT? ra g
axla Seicvala rame?
wyaro: adaptirebulia b. rogoria Tqveni yoveldRiuri cxovreba dRes?
“kompasidan“: saxelmZ- sad cxovrobT?
Rvanelo adamianis romel skolaSi swavlobT?
uflebaTa ganaTlebis g. ras akeTebT dilaobiT? naSuadRevs? saRamos?
sferoSi axalgazrdebis d. ra TamaSebi giyvarT? visTan erTad TamaSobT xolme?
monawileobiT (evropis e. ras akeTeben Tqveni mSoblebi? ramdenia maTi
sabWo, 2002 w.), gv. 217 yovelTviuri Semosavali?
kargad cxovrobT?
68
v. rogor atarebT ardadegebs? Sinauri cxoveli xom ar gyavT?
z. ra gaxarebT xolme? risi geSiniaT?
5. sTxoveT bavSvebs, Cumad damwkrivdnen, TiTqos rigSi dganan. rodesac damwkrivdebian,
auxseniT, rom Tqven maT zogierT iseT ambavs mouyvebiT, romelic bavSvsac SeiZleba SeemTxves.
Tuki es ambavi maTi warmosaxviT Seqmnil adamians marTla SeiZleba gadaxdes, maT win erTi nabiji
unda gadadgan. Tu ara, TavianT adgilze unda darCnen.
6. saTiTaod waikiTxeT situaciebi. gaakeTeT pauza yoveli winadadebis Semdeg, rom bavSvebs win
nabijis gadmodgmis dro hqondeT. sTxoveT maT, gaixed-gamoixedon da naxon, sad dganan sxvebi.
7. savarjiSos bolos sTxoveT yvelas, Tavis adgilze dajdes. sTxoveT bavSvebs, rigrigobiT
moyvnen TavianTi rolebi. roca moswavleebi monaTxrobs daasruleben, sTxoveT, daakvirdnen,
vin sad dgas savarjiSos dasasruls.
8. savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvis dawyebamde daasruleT rolebis TamaSi. sTxoveT bavSvebs,
daxuWon Tvalebi da isev TavianT Tavs daubrundnen. Tvlaze `sami“ saTiTaod unda daiZaxon
TavianTi saxeli. am saxiT daasruleT savarjiSo da uzrunvelyaviT, rom bavSvebma ar ganagrZon
sxva adamianebis rolis TamaSi.
1. savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvisTvis dausviT moswavleebs Semdegi kiTxvebi:

a. ra moxda am savarjiSoSi?
b. ramdenad Zneli an advili iyo mocemuli rolis TamaSi?
g. rogori iyo Tqvens mier warmodgenili adamiani, romlis rolsac TamaSobdiT?
icnobT aseT adamians?
d. ras ganicdidiT, rodesac Tavs im adamianad warmoidgendiT? ggavT es adamiani?
icnobT vinmes, vinc am adamians hgavs?
2. daukavSireT savarjiSo diskriminaciis da socialuri Tu ekonomikuri uTanasworobis
sakiTxebs da dasviT Semdegi kiTxvebi:
a. ras ganicdidiT nabijis win gadadgmisas?
b. Tuki win nabijis gadadgma xSirad giwevdaT, rodis amCnevdiT, rom sxvebi
TqvensaviT swrafad ar gadaadgildebodnen?
g. is adamiani, romlis rolsac Tqven asrulebdiT, dawinaurda? ratom?
d. usamarTlobis grZnoba xom ar gagiCndaT?
e. hgavs Tu ara am savarjiSoSi momxdari movlenebi realur cxovrebas?
ra saerTo aqvs?
v. ratom aqvs sazogadoebis zogierT wevrs sxvaze meti SesaZlebloba?
sxvaze naklebi SesaZlebloba?
umcrosi asakis bevri bavSvisTvis stereotipebis cnebis aTviseba rTulia. am savarjiSos

Sedegad miRebuli codna SeiZleba gamyardes msgavsi tipis aqtivobebiT: `TamaSebi suraTebiT“
gv. 96, `msoflios bavSvTa sazafxulo banaki“, gv. 126, `zabderfilio“, gv. 90.
ganixileT bavSvebTan erTad is, Tu vis aqvs maT garSemo ufro meti an ufro naklebi
SesaZleblobebi. ra nabijebi unda gadaidgas imisTvis, rom yvelas Tanabari SesaZleblobebi
hqondes? aris iseTi uTanasworobis magaliTebi jgufSi an bavSvebis garSemo myof sazogadoebaSi,
romelTa aRmofxvra bavSvebs SeuZliaT?
* Tqven TviTon SeadgineT baraTebi rolebis aRweriT. magaliTisTvis saxelmZRvaneloSi

mocemuli baraTebi gamoiyeneT. rac ufro kargad asaxavs Tqveni baraTebi bavSvebis garSemo
arsebul samyaros, miT ufro mets iswavlian isini am savarjiSodan.
* ise moargeT roli situacias, rom is ar hgavdes bavSvis realur cxovrebas, raTa mas
uxerxuloba ar Seeqmnas.
* wamyvanma SeiZleba ar icodes yvela bavSvis cxovrebasTan dakavSirebuli situacia, amitom
ama Tu im rolma SesaZloa bavSvis emociur mdgomareobaze moaxdinos gavlena. wamyvani didi
sifrTxiliT unda moekidos am savarjiSos da gansakuTrebuli yuradReba im bavSvebs dauTmos,
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romlebsac savarjiSos damTavrebis Semdeg uWirT rolidan gamosvla an ucnaurad iqcevian. aseT
bavSvs wamyvani individualurad unda gaesaubros.
* Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom rolebis darigebisas bavSvebma siCume SeinarCunon da
warmoidginon im adamianis cxovreba, romlis rolsac TamaSoben; aseve, gadadgan nabiji, romelic
am adamianis cxovrebas Seesabameba. siCume exmareba bavSvebs rolze koncentrirebaSi; maTi
yuradReba ZiriTadad rolzea gadatanili.
* daexmareT bavSvebs, rom savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvisas yvelas mieces azris gamoTqmis
SesaZlebloba. am savarjiSom didi vnebaTa Relva SeiZleba gamoiwvios; rac ufro bevri bavSvi
SeZlebs Tavisi azris da emociis gamoxatvas, ufro Sedegiani iqneba savarjiSo. Tu saWiro gaxdeba,
SegiZliaT meti dro dauTmoT savarjiSosSemdgom ganxilvas.
* am savarjiSos Catareba SeiZleba Ria cis qveS an did oTaxSi. mas Semdeg, rac rols
Seasruleben, bavSvebi TavianT adgilebze unda darCnen, radgan umcrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis
mniSvnelovania gansxvavebebis vizualurad ganmtkiceba. savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvis
Casatareblad dasviT bavSvebi wreSi an SenobaSi SemoiyvaneT, rom bavSvebs erTmaneTis esmodeT.
* am savarjiSos Zlieri mxare imaSia, rom TvalnaTliv Cans monawileTa Soris mzardi
distancia, gansakuTrebiT savarjiSos bolos. am Sedegis gansamtkiceblad arsebuli realobis
amsaxveli rolebi SearCieT. ise moargeT rolebi bavSvebs, rom mxolod ramdenimem gadadgas
nabiji win (magaliTad, SeZlon pasuxi `ki“).
* savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvis da Sefasebisas gamoarkvieT, saidan icodnen bavSvebma im
adamianebis cxovrebis Sesaxeb, romelTa rolsac asaxierebdnen – piradi gamocdilebidan Tu sxva
sainformacio wyaroebidan (magaliTad, sxva bavSvebisgan, ufrosebisgan, wignebidan, mediidan,
anekdotebidan). gamohkiTxeT, Tu ramdenad sandoa maTi wyaroebi. am gziT SegiZliaT auxsnaT
bavSvebs, Tu rogor moqmedebs stereotipebi da winaswari ganwyoba.
* zogadad, bavSvebma ician, Tu ra materialuri SesaZleblobebi aqvT - sxvebze meti Tu
naklebi. Tumca bavSvebs xSirad uWirT sakuTari privilegiebis gaazreba. es savarjiSo daexmareba
maT TavianTi cxovrebis ufro farTo konteqstSi danaxvaSi.
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baraTebi rolebis aRweriT
SeniSvna wamyvanisTvis: baraTebi TviTon daamzadeT! rac ufro metad hgavs baraTebze asax-
uli situacia bavSvebis realur cxovrebas, miT ufro Sedegiani iqneba savarjiSo. qvemoT ba-
raTebis magaliTebia mocemuli
rva wlis xar. Sen da Seni ori Zma karg saxlSi Sen am qalaqSi daibade, magram Seni mSoblebi
cxovrobT, romelsac didi baRi da auzi aqvs. aziidan Camovidnen. maT kargi restorani aqvT.
mamaSeni qalaqis erT–erTi bankis menejeria. Sen da Seni da restornis Tavze mdebare oTax-
dedaSeni diasaxlisia da ojaxs uvlis. ebSi cxovrobT. skolis Semdeg Sen da Seni da
restoranSi CadixarT da mSoblebs exmarebiT.
Sen cameti wlis xar.
aTi wlis xar da soflis fermaSi cxovrob. dedasTan erTad qalaqis erT-erT saxlSi
mamaSeni fermeria, deda ki Zroxebs, batebs da cxovrob. da-Zma ar gyavs. dedaSeni qarxanaSi
qaTmebs uvlis. Sen sami Zma da erTi da gyavs. muSaobs. Sen musika da cekva gexerxeba. cxra
wlis xar.
Sen Tormeti wlis boSa xar; patara soflis mSobiarobis dros miRebuli travmis gamo
ganapiras erT patara saxlSi cxovrob, sadac etlSi zixar. mSoblebTan da or dasTan er-
abazana ar aris. eqvsi da-Zma gyavs. Tad qalaqSi, erT-erT saxlSi cxovrob. Seni
mSoblebi maswavleblebi arian. Sen Tormeti
wlis xar.
TerTmeti wlis xar. bavSvobidan obolTa cxra wlis xar da identuri tyupis cali
TavSesafarSi cxovrob da ar ici, vin iyvnen gyavs. dedasTan erTad qalaqis erT-erT binaSi
Seni mSoblebi. cxovrobT. deda maRaziaSi muSaobs. mama cix-
eSia.
cxra wlis xar da da-Zma ar gyavs. mSoblebT- Sen da Seni mSoblebi Sen samSoblobSi – af-
an erTad binaSi cxovrob. mamaSeni mSenebelia, rikaSi – mimdinare oms gamoeqeciT da am qveya-
deda – fostalioni. Zalian sportuli xar. naSi CamoxvediT. axla TerTmeti wlis xar da
ukve sami welia aq cxovrob (cxra wlidan). Sen
ar ici, rodis SeZleb samSobloSi dabrunebas.
cameti wlis xar da eqvs da-Zmas Soris yve- Seni mSoblebi gaeyarnen, rodesac Sen jer
laze ufrosi. mamaSeni satvirTo manqanis mZ- kidev patara iyavi. axla Tormeti wlis xar da
Rolia da xSirad mivlinebaSia. deda mimtania dedasTan da mis megobar mamakacTan erTad cx-
da Ram-RamobiT muSaobs xolme. xSirad gixdeba ovrob. SabaT-kviras mamasTan, mis axal col-
bavSvebTan yofna. Tan da maT or patara SvilTan midixar xolme
stumrad.
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baraTebi rolebis aRweriT
TerTmeti wlis xar. pataraobidan ramden- rva wlis xar. Sen da Seni da bebiasTan da
ime dedobilTan da mamobilTan gixdeboda babuasTan erTad patara qalaqSi cxovrobT.
cxovreba, radgan Seni sakuTari mSoblebi ar Seni mSoblebi gayrilebi arian. dedaSeni did
givlidnen; Zalian karg ojaxebSi gixdeboda qalaqSi mdivnad muSaobs. mamaSens iSviaTad xe-
cxovreba. SenTan erTad Svilad ayvanili oTxi dav.
bavSvi cxovrobs.
swavla giWirs da amitom skolaSi ori kla- dedaSeni Sens dabadebas gadayva – mSobiaro-
siT CamorCi. aTi wlis xar, magram yvelaze bisas gardaicvala. mamam sxva coli SeirTo da
maRali, radgan Seni klaselebi mxolod rva Sen mamasTan, dedinacvalTan da mis or qaliS-
wlis arian. Seni mSoblebi muSaoben da saSinao vilTan erTad cxovrob. Sen rva wlis xar, isini
davalebis SesarulebaSi ver gexmarebian – dro ki Tineijerebi arian. mama iuristia.
ar aqvT.
xar rva wlis da sami da-Zmidan yvelaze pa- emigrantebis ojaxidan xar; am qveyanaSi
tara. Seni ojaxi didi qalaqis patara binaSi Cvili Camogiyvanes. axla aTi wlis xar. Sens
cxovrobs. mamaSeni meqanikosia, magram amJa- samezobloSi, sadac mamaSens maRazia aqvs, bev-
mad samuSao ara aqvs, Seni ojaxis Semosavali ri emigranti cxovrobs. Sen im qveynis enaze
mcirea, magram mamaSens SenTan saTamaSod meti laparakob, saidanac Seni ojaxi Camovida, da
dro aqvs. Seni dRevandeli samSoblos enac ici, ase rom
dedas da bebias xSirad uTargmni.
TerTmeti wlis xar da sofelSi cxovrob astma gaqvs da avadmyofobis gamo bevri
mSoblebTan da umcros da-ZmasTan erTad. sim- gakveTilis gacdena giwevs, gansakuTrebiT
suqnis gamo dagcinian xolme. zamTarSi. did dros atareb saxlSi, loginSi da
Tan televizors uyureb, internetSi muSaob
da internetTamaSebiT erTobi. Tavs marto
grZnob, radgan mSoblebi samsaxurSi arian. Sen
cameti wlis xar.
amerikis elCis Svili xar da saerTaSoriso Sen da Seni ufrosi Zma Zalian niWierebi
skolaSi swavlob. didi saTvale gikeTia da xarT TiTqmis yvela sganSi – maTematikaSi,
cota ena gebmeba. TerTmeti wlis xar. fizikaSi, enebSi. Seni mSoblebi universitetis
profesorebi arian. isini specialur kurse-
bze da saswavlo banakebSi gagzavnidnen, rom
konkursebisTvis momzadebuliyavi.
72
gamonaTqvamebi
situaciebi da movlenebi
xmamaRla waikiTxeT qvemoT moyvanili gamonaTqvamebi. TiToeuli situaciis wakiTxvis
Semdeg mieciT bavSvebs sakmarisi dro imisTvis, rom gadadgan nabiji win, mimoixedon da gan-
sazRvron, Tu sad dganan sxvebTan mimarTebaSi.
1. Sen da Sens ojaxs yovelTvis gaqvT sakmarisi fuli Tqveni saWiroebebis dasakmayofile-
blad.
2. Sen karg ubanSi cxovrob, gaqvs telefoni da televizori.
3. aravin gabrazebs da ar grZnob Tavs gariyulad imis gamo, rom sxvebs ar hgavxar an SezRudu-
li unari gaqvs.
4. isini, visTan erTadac cxovrob, gekiTxebian azrs im mniSvnelovan gadawyvetlebebze, rom-

lebic Sen Segexeba.
5. Sen karg skolaSi swavlob da gakveTilebis Semdeg saskolo da sportul RonisZiebebSi iReb
monawileobas.
6. skolis Semdeg musikis da xatvis damatebiT gakveTilebze dadixar.
7. policiis ar geSinia.
8. cxovrob ufrosebTan erTad. maT uyvarxar da SenTvis yvelaferi saukeTeso undaT.
9. arasodes gigrZvnia Tavi diskriminirebulad Seni an Seni mSoblebis warmomavlobis, religi-

is an kulturis gamo.
10. regularulad itareb samedicino da stomatologiur Semowmebas, maSinac, roca avad ar

xar.
11. ojaxTan erTad weliwadSi erTxel dasasveneblad midixar.
12. SegiZlia moiwvio megobrebi sadilad an Rame dasarCenad.
13. roca gaizrdebi, SegiZlia Caabaro universitetSi an airCio nebismieri samsaxuri an profe-
sia.
14. ar geSinia, rom quCaSi, skolaSi an saxlTan axlos vinme gagabrazebs, dagcinebs an Tavs dag-
esxmeba.
15. kinoSi da televizorSi xSirad xedav im adamianebs, romlebic SensaviT gamoiyurebian an

SensaviT cxovroben.
16. TveSi erxel mainc Sen da Seni ojaxi dadixarT kinoSi, zooparkSi, muzeumSi, qalaqgareT an
sxva gasarTob adgilas.
17. Seni ded-mama, bebia, babua, didi bebia da babuac ki am qveyanaSi daibadnen.
18. roca mogindeba, SegiZlia axali tansacmeli da fexsacmeli iyido.
19. bevri dro gaqvs saTamaSod, bevri megobaric gyavs.
20. SegiZlia isargeblo kompiuteriT da internetiT.
21. yvelaferi, rasac akeTeb, gifasdeba; xels giwyoben yvela SesaZleblobis gamoyenebaSi.
22. gjera, rom, roca gaizrdebi, bednieri momavali geqneba.
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7. gemiT mgzavroba axali kontinentisken
ras gadaagdeb zRvaSi
asaki: 8—13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: prioritebebis dadgena, diskusia
savarjiSos bavSvebma unda warmoidginon, rom gemiT axal kontinentze

aRwera: miemgzavrebian, Tumca iq misaRwevad maT zRvaSi is nivTebi unda
gadayaron, romlebic ar aris aucilebeli
miznebi: x imis gansazRvra, Tu ra aris sasicocxlod aucilebeli

gadarCenisTvis da Semdgomi ganviTarebisTvis
x survilis da saWiroebis erTmaneTisgan gamijvna
x adamianis uflebebis da saWiroebebis erTmaneTTan
dakavSireba
momzadeba: x gadaiReT da gamoWeriT `survilebis“ da `saWiroebebis“

baraTebi yoveli jgufisTvis da CadeT konvertSi
masalebi: x konvertebi
x `survilis“ da `saWiroebis“ baraTebis aslebi
x webo an webovani lenti da furclebi
miTiTebebi
1. sTxoveT bavSvebs, warmoidginon, rom isini axal kontinentze gemiT gasamgzavreblad
emzadebian. am kontinentze amJamad aravin cxovrobs, ase rom isini kontinentze Casuli pirveli
adamianebi iqnebian da axali qveynis daarseba mouwevT.
2. dayaviT bavSvebi patara jgufebad. mieciT TiToeul jgufs konvertebi `survilis“ da
`saWiroebis“ baraTebiT da auxseniT, rom baraTebze yvela is nivTia aRniSnuli, romlebic maT
axal qveyanaSi cxovrebis dasawyebad Tan unda waiRon. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs, gaxsnan konverti
da kargad gaecnon baraTebs.
alternatiuli varianti: daurigeT bavSvebs carieli baraTebi da sTxoveT, rom maTze is
nivTebi Camoweron, romlebic dasWirdebaT an undaT, rom Tan hqondeT.
3. uTxariT bavSvebs, rom gemi ukve zRvaSi gadis; aseTi Sesavali gaakeTeT:
Tavidan mogzauroba Zalze sasiamovnoa. mze anaTebs da zRva mSvidia. magram uceb didi Stormi
iwyeba da gemis rwevas iwyebs. ufro sworad, CaZirvas! imisTvis, rom gemi ar CaiZiros, gembanidan
sami baraTi unda gadaagdoT.
sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs, moifiqros da gadawyitos, Tu ras Seeleva; auxseniT,

rom bavSvebi am nivTebs veRar daibruneben. SeagroveT `zRvaSi gadagdebuli“
baraTebi da erTad SekariT.
kiTxeT TviToeul jgufs Tu romel baraTs Seecileba. auxseniT rom isini veRar daibruneben
mogvianebiT am sagnebs. SeagroveT “gembansgareT gadayrili” baraTebi da calke SeinaxeT.
4. gaagrZeleT Txroba:
zRva rogorc iqna damSvidda. yvelam SvebiT amoisunTqa, Tumca amindis biurom
gamoacxada rom mexuTe kategoriis qariSxali amovarda da gemisken moemarTeba.
Tu gindaT, rom qariSxals gadaurCeT, kidev sami baraTi unda gadaagdoT zRvaSi.
gaxsovdeT: ar gadaagdoT is, rac SesaZloa axal qveyanaSi dagWirdeT.
iseve, rogorc wina jerze, SeagroveT baraTebi da calke SeinaxeT.

5. gaagrZeleT Txroba:
Zlivs gadavrCiT! TiTqmis mivadeqiT axal kontinents. yvela gaxarebuli

da aRelvebulia. Tumca, rogorc ki horizontze miwa gamoCnda, gems
uzarmazari veSapi daejaxa da mis gverdze naprali gaCnda, ase rom gemi ufro
mCate unda gaxdes! kidev sami baraTis gadagdeba mogiwevT.
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SeagroveT da calke SekariT es baraTebi.
6. gamoucxadeT bavSvebs, rom maT mSvidobiT miaRwies axal kontinents da mzad arian axali
qveynis asaSeneblad. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs, daawebon darCenili baraTebi furcelze, rom
yvelas axsovdes, Tu ra miaqvT axal kontinentze. gaqvT yvela is nivTi, romlebic axal kontinentze
gagaZlebinebT? romelic gazrdasa da ganviTarebaSi mogexmarebaT?
7. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs, Camokidon TavianTi furceli oTaxSi da axsnan, ra miaqvT axal
kontinentze. amis Semdeg hkiTxeT mTel jgufs, xom ar rCebaT raime iseTi, rac axal kontinentze
aucilebelia, rac Semdgomi ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas miscems.

1. SeafaseT es savarjiSo Semdegi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT:
a. ra mogewonaT am savarjiSoSi?
b. rogor gadawyviteT, rom ama Tu im nivTis gareSe gaZlebdiT? ra iyo am dros
yvelaze mniSvnelovani?
g. iyo Tu ara rTuli zogierTi gadawyvetilebis miReba? romlis?
d. iyo Tu ara jgufSi uTanxmoeba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra dagetovebinaT da
ra gadagegdoT? rogor moagvareT es uTanxmoeba?
e. yvelas erTi da igive ram sWirdeba? vis SeiZleba hqondes gansxvavebuli
saWiroebebi?
v. ras fiqrobT Tqvens saboloo arCevanze? SeZlebT axal qveyanaSi cxovrebas?
SeZlebT normalurad ganagrZoT zrda da ganviTareba?
z. rogor miiRo Tqvenma jgufma gadawyvetileba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra gadaegdo?
T. gagakvirvaT saboloo Sedegma?
i. meored rom mogixdeT am savarjiSos Catareba, sxva nivTebs gadaagdebdiT?
2. xazgasmiT aRniSneT, rom adamianis uflebebi adamianis saWiroebebidan gamomdinareobs
da imas efuZneba, rac yvela adamians gadarCenis, zrdisa da ganviTarebisTvis da Rirsuli
cxovrebisTvis sWirdeba. dausviT bavSvebs Semdegi kiTxvebi:
a. gqondaT yvela is nivTi, rac gadarCenaSi dagexmaraT?
b. gqondaT yvela is nivTi, rac zrdasa da ganviTarebaSi dagexmaraT?
g. romeli iyo is nivTi, romlis qonis survili gqondaT, magram gadawyviteT, rom
is ar iyo aucilebeli?
3. xazi gausviT imas, rom adamians yvela ufleba Tanabrad sWirdeba. zogierTi ufleba
sicocxlis SesanarCunebladaa aucilebeli, magaliTad sakvebi, samedicino momsaxureba, sufTa
wyali da TavSesafari. zogi ki imisTvisaa saWiro, rom adamianma kargad icxovros da ganviTardes.
mxolod is, rom cocxali xar ar aris sakmarisi. SeekiTxeT bavSvebs:
a. romel baraTebzea gamosaxuli nivTebi, romlebic SesaZloa gindodeT, magram
Tavis gadasarCenad ar aris ucilebeli?
b. romel baraTebzea gamosaxuli nivTebi, romlebic fizikuri
gadarCenisTvisaa aucilebeli?
g. romel baraTebzea gamosaxuli nivTebi, romlebic Cven zrdisa da
ganviTarebisTvis SeiZleba dagvWirdes?
d. ra moxdeba am axal qveyanaSi, rom ar gqondeT ––––––––––?
(airCieT baraTebze mocemuli ramdenime magaliTi)

* Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom bavSvebma swori daskvna gamoitanon am savarjiSodan. maT
ar unda CaTvalon, rom adamianis erTi ufleba meoreze ufro mniSvnelovania da amis gamo misi
ugulebelyofa SeiZleba. savarjiSosSemdgom saubarSi xazgasmiT aRniSneT, rom uflebebi
erTmaneTzea gadajaWvuli.
* auxseniT bavSvebs, rom im nivTebs, romlebzec uars ityvian, veRar daibruneben, darCenili
nivTebi ki axali qveynis asaSenebladaa saWiro da ara imisTvis, rom Tavi gadairCinon, sanam vinme
gadaarCens.
* zogi nivTi ganzrax aris SerCeuli, rom kamaTs Seuwyos xeli da ganisazRvros, Tu ras
niSnavs sasicocxlod aucilebeli nivTi (magaliTad, mobilur telefons SesaZloa erTni
fufunebis sagnad miiCneven, meoreni ki komunikaciis aucilebel saSualebad).
* mcire asakis bavSvebs SeiZleba gauWirdeT sxvaobis dadgena survilsa da saWiroebas
Soris. daexmareT maT imis garCevaSi, Tu ra dasWirdebaT axal qveyanaSi cxovrebis dasawyebad.
sxvadasxva varianti
savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvisas SeadareT erTmaneTs `zRvaSi gadagdebuli“ baraTebi,
romlebic yoveli krizisuli situaciis dros SeagroveT. sTxoveT bavSvebs, agixsnan, Tu ra
gansxvavebas xedaven sxvaTa mier gakeTebul arCevanSi.
75
dasarigebeli masala: `survilis“ da
`saWiroebis“ baraTebi
sakuTari azris sxvisTvis gaziarebis fuli, romlis daxarjva SemiZlia Cemi

saSualeba survilis mixedviT
sufTa wyali sakuTari saZinebeli
internetis qselSi CarTuli Tanasworoba da diskriminaciis

kompiuteri dauSvebloba
76
sufTa garemo mobiluri telefoni
koka–kola da hamburgeri dasvenebis da TamaSis saSualeba
televizori da gazeTi religiuri mrwamsis gamovlenis

saSualeba
77
komfortuli sacxovrebeli moduri tansacmeli
dasveneba zRvis sanapiroze noyieri sakvebi
Seuracxyofisa da ganaTleba
Zalmomreobisgan dacva
78
eqimebi velosipedi
tkbileuloba samkaulebi
MP3 da diskmeni Tbili tansacmeli
79
mSoblebi saTamaSoebi da TamaSebi
wamlebi da daavadebebis winaaRmdeg

acrebis Catareba demokratiuli arCevnebi da demokra-
tiuli kanonebi
saaTi Cems enaze saubris da Cemi kulturiT

sargeblobis saSualeba
80
8. daipyari cixe-simagre
waageb, Tu ar ifiqreb!
Temebi: mSvidoba da adamianebis usafrTxoeba
jgufis sidide: 16-30 bavSvi, 2-3 wamyvani an ufrosi adamiani
savarjiSos tipi: aqtiuri saTavgadasavlo TamaSi, swavla eqsperimentis

safuZvelze
savarjiSos aRwera: bavSvebi warmoadgenen brZolis monawile sxvadasxva jgufs da

gasamarjveblad sWirdebaT organizeba. Semdeg isini
msjeloben konfliqtis monawile sxvadasxva mxares arsebuli
sxvadasxva grZnobis, konfliqtis mizezebisa da arsebuli
meqanizmebis Sesaxeb
miznebi: x TanagrZnobis Camoyalibeba konfliqtis monawile orive

mxaris mimarT
x TanamSromloba erTmaneTTan
x konfliqtisas arsebuli emociebis aRqma
x strategiuli azrovnebisa da dagegmarebis unar-Cvevbis
ganviTarebis xelSewyoba
momzadeba: x Tu TamaSi mimdinareobs gareT, daaTvaliereT garemo da

mkafiod moniSneT samoqmedo are. gansazRvreT
potenciurad saxifaTo adgilebi da aCveneT isini bavSvebs
da jgufebis liderebs.
x moamzadeT warmodgeniTi `samoqmedo gegma~, TiToeuli
sxvadasxva feris furcelze. daWeriT isini aT nawilad da
CadeT TiToeuli maTgani calke konvertSi.
masalebi: x didi sivrce, romelic bavSvebs miscems sirbilis da

damalvis saSualebas.
x 6 warmodgeniTi `samoqmedo gegma~, TiToeuli sxvadasxva
feris furcelze, daWrili aT nawilad.
x 3 sxvadasxva ganmasxvavebeli niSani 3 gansxvavebuli
jgufisTvis (magaliTad, saxis gasaferadebeli saRebavebi
an mkveTri ferebis lentebi).
x gamagrilebeli sasmelebi TamaSis dasrulebis Semdeg.
miTiTebebi
1. mouyeviT bavSvebs lamazi qalaqis Sesaxeb, romlis centrSic ganlagebulia cixe-

simagre. qalaqs akontrolebs ìasamnisferi partia~, magram arsebobs ori mowinaaRmdege jgufi,
romlebsac undaT qalaqis dapyroba da cixe-simagris aReba. es jgufebia `lurji partia~,
romelic moemarTeba samxreTidan, da `narinjisferi partia~ - CrdiloeTidan.
2. dayaviT bavSvebi sam jgufad: 50% - ìasamnisferebi~, 25% - `lurjebi~ da 25% -
`narinjisferebi~. mieciT `lurj partias~ da `narinjisfer partias~ sam-sami `samoqmedo gegma~
TiToeuls.
3. kargad auxseniT bavSvebs TamaSis wesebi ise, rom yvelasTvis gasagebi gaxdes, rom:
a. TamaSis ganmavlobaSi yvela unda darCes moniSnul sazRvrebSi;
b. TiToeulma jgufma unda moawyos banaki moniSnul sazRvrebSi; arcerT jgufs
ara aqvs meore jgufis teritoriaze Sesvlis ufleba. qalaqi, romelsac
ìasamnisferi partia~ icavs, unda idges zustad teritoriis Sua adgilas.
aqeT-iqidan ganlagebuli unda iyos `lurjebis~ da `narinjisferebis~ partiebi.
g. cixe-simagris asaRebad ori mowinaaRmdege partia unda ecados erTmaneTSi
`samoqmedo gegmebis~ gacvlas. yovel maTgans aqvs sam-sami sxvadasxva feris
furclebze dawerili gegma. TiToeuli daWrilia 10 nawilad. TiToeuli am
nawilTagani cal-calke unda iqnes gadatanili mowinaaRmdegeebis erTi banakidan
meoreSi. erT jerze SeiZleba mxolod erTi naWris waReba. `lurjebs~ ara aqvT
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`narijisferebis~ naWrebis gadatanis ufleba da piriqiT. naWris gadacema
SeiZleba mxolod maSin, roca `lurji~ an `narinjisferi~ kurieri
miaRwevs mokavSiris banaks.
d. cixe-simagris dasacavad ìasamnisferebma~ xeli unda SeuSalon mowinaaRmdegeebs
maTi `samoqmedo gegmis~ erTmaneTisTvis gadacemaSi. isini cdiloben maT daWeras
da maTi gegmebis nawilebis warTmevas. `daWera~ niSnavs ubralod mxarze an xelze
Sexebas.
e. daWeril momxvdurs aqvs mxolod ori arCevani: 1) misces Tavisi gegmis furceli
ìasamnisferebs~ da kvlav SeuerTdes Tavis partias; 2) uari Tqvas gegmis
furclis gadacemaze da darCes `tyved~ qalaqSi TamaSis bolomde an furclis
ìasamnisferebisTvis~ gadacemamde. `lurj~ da `narinjisfer~ partiebs
SeuZliaT erTmaneTis daxmareba.
v. gegmis furclebis danaxva yvelas unda SeeZlos gadatanisas.
z. ori an sami wamyvani ar miiRebs monawileobas TamaSSi. isini yuradRebas miaqceven
yvela wesis dacvas.
T. Tu `lurji~ an `narinjisferi~ partia Sekrebs yvela aT nawils da, amgvarad, maT
eqnebaT mTliani samoqmedo gegma, maT SeuZliaT miiRon ìasamnisferi partiis~
samoqmedeo gegmis yvela nawili, es ki niSnavs gamarjvebas! Tu ìasamnisferi
partia~ moaxerxebs `lurjebis~ an `narijisferebis~ gegmis aTive nawilis xelSi
Cagdebas, maSin Sesabamisi jgufi gamoeTiSeba TamaSs. miuxedavad amisa, darCenil
partias mainc SeuZlia warmatebis miRweva: Tu igi SeZlebs mTliani gegmis mitanas
meore banakSi, maSin gamarjveba darCebaT maT da TamaSidan gavardnil partias.
i. TamaSi mTavrdeba maSin, roca imarjvebs erT-erTi partia, an roca iwureba
wamyvanis mier TamaSisTvis gamoyofili dro.
1. moawyeT TamaSTan dakavSirebuli TamaSis ganxilva iseTi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT,

rogoricaa:
a. ras grZnobT?
b. ra mouvida Tqvens samoqmedo gegmas?
g. moaxerxeT mTliani gegmis mopoveba? rogori iyo Tqveni strategia?
rogor iRebdiT gadawyvetilebas?
d. yvela monawileobda TamaSSi? iyo Tu ara sxvadasxva rolebi?
e. ras fiqrob or danarCen partiaze?
v. `lurjebi~ da `narijisferebi~ Seikrnen erTad Tu ebrZodnen erTmaneTs?
rogor imoqmeda erTad moqmedebam saerTo Sedegze?
z. ibrZodnen `lurjebi~ da `narinjisferi~ partiebi ìasamnisferi partiis~
winaaRmdeg Tu piriqiT? Tu ki, ratom? saidan iRebda konfliqti saTaves?
T. hgavda situacia realurs? cnobilia Tu ara TqvenTvis raime msgavsi namdvili
situacia? ra mizezebis dasaxeleba SegiZliaT aseT konfliqtebTan
dakavSirebiT realur cxovrebaSi?
i. rogor ggoniaT, rogor unda Seicvalos aseTi situacia? rogor SeiZleba
amgvari konfliqtebis Tavidan acileba?
k. raime sxva konfliqti Tu gagigiaT kidev? ras akeTebT (saerTod Tu akeTebT
raimes) amgvari konfliqtis mosagvareblad?
l. rogor Cndeba konfliqtebi? risi gakeTeba SegviZlia am konfliqtebis Tavidan
asacileblad, gadasaWrelad, samarTavad da/an mSvidobis dasacavad
(ganxiluli magaliTebidan gamomdinare)?
2. daukavSireT TamaSi adamianis uflebebis dacvas iseTi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT, rogoricaa:
a. romelia adamianis is zogierTi ufleba, romelic SeiZleba dairRves konfliqtisas?
SeiaraRebuli konfliqtisas?
b. rogor zegavlenas axdens TiToeul mxareze maTi uflebebis darRveva? rogor
SeiZleba aman imoqmedos maTze momavalSi?
g. rogor moqmedebs konfliqti bavSvebze? rogor imoqmedebs es maT momavalze?
d. risi gakeTeba SeiZleba konfliqtebis da adamianebis uflebaTa darRvevis
Tavidan asacileblad?
e. SeiZleba Tu ara yvela konfliqtis gadaWra? Tu ara, ra daxmarebis gaweva SeuZlia
adamianis uflebebis dacvas individebisTvis konfliqtis marTvis saqmeSi?
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* Rrmad CawvdiT sazogadoebaSi, qveyanaSi, regionsa Tu msoflioSi mimdinare konfliqtebs.

SeecadeT maTi mizezebis garkvevas, ganixileT situacia.
* Tu Tqveni gamokiTxva umTavresad exeba SeiaraRebul konfliqtebs da mSvidobas, SeecadeT

mSvidobis mxardamWeri demonstraciis mowyobas da/an romelime samSvidobo organizaciis
stumrobas. daanaxeT bavSvebs, rogor esmiT samSvidobo organizaciebs mSvidoba da rogor
udgebian isini konfliqtis gadaWras.
* ganixileT, Tu rogor agvareben isini konfliqtebs erTmaneTs Soris. daexmareT maT
ramdenime ZiriTadi wesis CamoyalibebaSi konfliqtebTan dakavSirebiT jgufSi, romelSic
asaxuli iqneba adamianis uflebaTa standartebi (magaliTad, araviTari fizikuri Zaladoba,
araviTari Seuracxmyofeli gamoTqmebi, yvelas aqvs Tavisi azris gamoTqmis da monawileobis
Tanaswori ufleba).
sasargeblo rCevebi wamyvans:
* aravian unda iCxubos TamaSisas. ufro susti fizikuri Zalis bavSvebs ufro metis miRweva
SeuZliaT strategiis, siswrafis da TanamSromlobis daxmarebiT, vidre maT, visac mxolod
agresiis da Zalis imedi aqvT.
* mzad gyavdeT damxmare wamyvanebi an damxmareebi. darwmundiT, rom maT namdvilad esmiT
TamaSis wesebi da ician garemoSi arsebuli yvela potenciuri safrTxe.
* auxseniT `lurj~ da `narinjisfer~ partiebs strategiis Camoyalibebis saWiroeba, rac
aucilebelia gegmis furclebis dakargvis Tavidan asacileblad.
* xazgasmiT auxseniT monawileebs, rom `daWera~ niSnavs ubralod xelis Sexebas. qvemoT
ixileT ramdenime varianti, romlis morgeba SeiZleba sxvadasxvanairi unaris mqone jgufebze.
* TamaSis xangrZlivoba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli jgufze. mzad iyaviT mosalodnelze
xanmokle an xangrZlivi TamaSisTvis.
* TamaSis Semdgomi ganxilvisas mkafiod gamoyaviT erTmaneTisgan SeiaraRebuli konfliqti
da mSvidoba, an zogadad konfliqtebi, rogorc amas grZnoben bavSvebi yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.
orive mniSvnelovania, magram moiTxovs sxvadasxva saxis midgomas.
adaptirebuli varianti:
* Tu erTi jgufi an erTi bavSvi sxvebze sustia, SesTavazeT daxmareba SesaZlo strategiasTan
dakavSirebiT (magaliTad, dauzusteT, samoqmedo gegmis ukve ramdenma nawilma miaRwia meore
banakSi; urCieT, gariskos gegmis ramdenime nawilis dakargva, rac gadaarCens danarCenebs; ar
gagzavnos gegmis yvela nawili TamaSis dasawyisSive, aramed Seinaxos ramdenime maTgani TamaSis
ritmis kargad SegrZnebamde).
* vinmes ubralod `daWeris~ nacvlad, CarTeT damatebiTi TamaSebi mas Semdeg, rac
ìasamnisferi partia~ daiWers `lurji~ an `narinjisferi~ partiebis wevrs (magaliTad,
Sexvedrisas iTamaSon `qva, qaRaldi, makrateli~; Tu ìasamnisferi~ gaimarjvebs, maSin `lurji~ an
`narinjisferi~ dauTmobs mas gegmis nawils, xolo Tu gaimarjveben `lurji~ an `narinjisferi~,
ìasamnisferi~ gaaTavisuflebs maT). es efeqtiania maSin, roca bavSvebi gansxvavdebian asakiT da
fizikuri momzadebiT, vinaidan TamaSi patarebs da ufro sustebs Tanabar Sanss aZlevs.
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9. damkvirveblis nacvlad - damxmare
magram risi gakeTeba SemiZlia?
Temebi: mSvidoba da usafrTxoeba, Zaladoba
Aasaki: 7 — 13 weli
xangrZlivoba: 60 wT
savarjiSos aRwera: bavSvebi yvebian ambebs im periodis Sesaxeb, roca isini

aRmoCndnen msxverpli, Seuracxmyofelebi, damkvirveblebi an
damxmareebi adamianis uflebebis dacvasTan dakavSirebul
situaciebSi
savarjiSos tipi: ambis Txroba, ganxilva
Mmiznebi: x dadgena imisa, rom yvela xvdeba cxovrebaSi Zaladobas ama

Tu im formiT
x erTmaneTis pativiscemis da dacvis pasuxismgeblobis
xazgasmiT aRniSvna
x yuradRebis gamaxvileba `damxmaris~ mniSvnelobaze
Mmomzadeba: alternatiuli varianti: gaakeTeT alternatiuli ganxilvis

saxelmZRvanelos aslebi TiToeuli jgufisTvis
Mmasalebi: x didi furceli da markerebi an dafa da carci

x alternatiuli varianti: alternatiuli ganxilvis
saxelmZRvanelo
miTiTebebi
1. SeaxseneT bavSvebs, rom Zaladoba da Seuracxyofa, ara mxolod fizikuri, aramed
sityvieric da emociuric, warmoadgens adamianis uflebaTa darRvevas. hkiTxeT maT Zaladobis
da Seuracxyofis sxva magaliTebi.
2. dayaviT bavSvebi sam-oTxkacian jgufebad. auxseniT TamaSi ise, rom bavSvebma kargad
gaigon TiToeuli kategoria.
a. TiToeuli partniori ilaparakebs Zaladobis da Seuracxyofis
sxvadasxva magaliTis Sesaxeb:
i. roca xedavT, rom vinmes Seuracxyofas ayeneben an usamarTlod eqcevian;
ii. roca monawileobas iRebT vinmesTvis Seuracxyofis miyenebaSi an
usamarTlod mopyrobaSi;
iii. roca xedavT, rom vinmes Seuracxyofas ayeneben an usamarTlod eqcevian da
maT aravin exmareba;
iv. roca xedavT, rom exmarebian adamians, romelsac Seuracxyofas ayeneben
an usamarTlod eqcevian.
sTxoveT maT magaliTebis moyvana TiToeul kategoriaze – TiTo jerze erTi magaliTis.
daarwmuneT isini, rom aravin daisjeba Tavisi azris gamoTqmisTvis.
b. TamaSis am nawilisTvis geqnebaT 15 wuTi. dasawyisisTvis cota xans isxediT
Cumad da ifiqreT imaze, risi Tqmac gsurT.
SeniSvna: Tu bavSvebma iciankiTxva, mieciT TiToeul maTgans furceli, romelic gayofili
iqneba oTx nawilad. TiToeul nawilSi Cawerili iqneba gansxvavebuli situacia, rac daxmarebas
gagiwevT ganxilvisTvis mimarTulebis micemaSi.
3. isev erT jgufad SekribeT bavSvebi maTi dakvirvebebis gansaxilvelad. Tavdapirvelad
sTxoveT magaliTebis moyvana adamianebis SeuracxyofasTan dakavSirebiT. am etapze nu ecdebiT
im ambebis gamoyofas, romlebSic bavSvebs TviTon aqvT miRebuli monawileoba. aRniSneT es
magaliTebi rogorc `Zaladoba~ qvemoT moyvanil did furcelze.
4. axla ikiTxeT magaliTebi, romlebSic bavSvebi `damxmareebis~ rols asrulebdnen.
5. bolos ikiTxeT magaliTebi, romlebSic isini `damkvirveblis~ kategorias
ganekuTvnebodnen. ikiTxeT: `risi gakeTeba SeiZleboda zogierT am situaciaSi imisTvis, rom
`damkvirveblis~ nacvlad `damxmared~ qceuliyaviT?~ daitaneT maTi pasuxebi did furcelze.
a. Zaladoba: gamoiyeneT me-3 nabijSi moyvanili Zaladoba da Seuracxyofa da ikiTxeT,
rogor SeeZlo vinmes amaSi daxmareba. CaiwereT maTi pasuxebi.
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1. xmamaRla waikiTxeT daxmarebisTvis SemoTavazebuli qcevebis CamonaTvali, mocemuli me-5
nabijSi. aRwereT, rogor SeuZliaT adamianebs damxmareebad gadaqceva.
a. romeli SemoTavazebuli moqmedebis Sesruleba iqneba rTuli?
romeli iqneba Sesasruleblad advili?
b. aris Tu ara CamonaTvalSi mocemuli raime iseTi moqmedeba, romlis Sesrulebasac
Tqven SeZlebdiT?
g. ra uSlis adamianebs xels daxmarebaSi?
d. Tu ufro meti adamiani gaxdeba damxmare, vidre damkvirvebeli, gaumjobesdeba Tu
ara adamianis uflebaTa dacvis mdgomareoba?
2. ganixileT, rogor SegviZlia erTmaneTis daxmareba iseTi kiTxvebiT, rogoricaa:
a. ra Tvisebebi da azrovneba unda hqondes adamians imisTvis, rom gaxdes `damxmare~,
anu imoqmedos rogorc adamianis uflebaTa damcvelma?
b. rogor unda davexmaroT adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebs?
g. rogor wavaxalisoT Cveni jgufis adamianebi imisTvis, rom isini
`damxmareebi~ gaxdnen?
3. ganacxadeT daskvnis saxiT, rom nebismieri Seuracxyofa da Zaladoba bavSvebis winaaRmdeg,
im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca es bavSvebi SemCneulni arian ZaladobaSi erTmaneTis mimarT, warmoadgens
adamianis uflebaTa darRvevas. es xdeba nebismier sazogadoebaSi da msoflios nebismier
qveyanaSi. gansakuTrebiT aRniSneT, rom adamianis uflebaTa Seswavla aseve niSnavs sakuTari
da sxvisi uflebebis dacvas. Cven ver movspobT Zaladobas an Seuracxyofas mTlianad, magram
SegviZlia erTmaneTis daxmareba.

iseTi TamaSi, rogoricaa `sityvebi, romlebic guls gvtkens~ (gv. 159), romelic exeba bavSvebis
realur qcevas, uadvilebs maT ganxilvis realur cxovrebasTan dakavSirebas.

Tu Tqvenma jgufma Camoayaliba wesebi erTmaneTSi urTierTobisTvis, imsjeleT, rogor
SeiZleba am wesebis nawili gadaiqces `damxmaris qcevad~.

* gadadiT erTi jgufidan meorisken da darwmundiT, rom yvela bavSvma kargad gaigo
davaleba, rom isini rig-rigobiT ganixilaven TiToeul kategorias da yvelas Tavisi azris
gamoTqmis Tanabari SesaZlebloba aqvs.
* gaufrTxildiT bavSvebis grZnobebs, alaparakeT dakvirvebis Sedegad miRebul
gamocdilebaze da ara pirad gamocdilebaze, garda Zaladobis da Seuracxyofis SemTxvevebSi
monawileobis magaliTebisa.
* es TamaSi unda Catardes mxolod im bavSvebTan, romlebTanac adre ukve gimuSaviaT.
mniSvnelovania TamaSis dawyebamde jgufSi ùsafrTxo zonis~ gancdis Camoyalibeba.
alternatiuli ganxilvis saxelmZRvanelo
roca xedavT, rom viRacas roca iRebT monawileobas

Seuracxyofas ayeneben sxvis SeuracxyofaSi
roca xedavT, rom viRacas Seuracxyofas roca xedavT, rom Seuracxyofil
ayeneben da aravin exmareba mas adamians exmarebian
didi furceli
Zaladoba risi gakeTeba SeiZleba?
85
10. vin unda miiRos gadawyvetileba?
rodis SegiZlia Tqva ùkve didi var?“
Temebi: ojaxi da alternatiuli mzrunveloba,

monawileoba
sirTulis done: me-2
asaki: 7-10 weli
savarjiSos tipi: gadawyvetilebis miReba, diskusia mcirericxovan

jgufebSi
savarjiSos bavSvebi pasuxs scemen SekiTxvebis CamonaTvals

aRwera: imis Sesaxeb, Tu vin unda miiRos gadawyetileba
yovel konkretul situaciaSi. yoveli SekiTxvis
bolos pasuxis gacemisTvis bavSvebi ferad
baraTebs iyeneben
miznebi: x ojaxSi gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesze

fiqri
x ojaxur cxovrebaSi bavSvebis monawileobis
ganxilva
x unarebis ganviTarebis cnebis Semotana
momzadeba: x moamzadeT SekiTxvebi xmamaRla wasakiTxad

x daamzadeT baraTebis Sekvra TiToeuli
bavSvisTvis
masalebi: x mwvane, yviTeli da narinjisferi

baraTi TiToeuli bavSvisTvis
miTiTebebi
1. sTxoveT bavSvebs, daakvirdnen, ra acviaT da Tavis gverdze mjdomTan erTad isaubron

imaze, Tu ra acviaT da vin gadawyvita, ras Caicvamdnen isini im dRes – mSoblebma, TviTon, Tu
es mSoblebis da maTi erToblivi gadawyvetileba iyo. auxseniT bavSvebs, rom es savarjiSo
gadawyvetilebebis miRebas eZRvneba.
2. daurigeT bavSvebs baraTebi (mwvane, yviTeli da narinjisferi). ganumarteT, rom Tqven
xmamaRla waikiTxavT itxvebs da yoveli itxvis Semdeg sTxovT bavSvebs, gipasuxon, vin unda
miiRos esa Tu is gadawyvetileba. Tuki bavSvebi fiqroben, rom es mSoblebis mier misaRebi
gadawyvetilebaa, mwvane baraTi unda aswion. Tuki gadawyvetileba bavSvma unda miiRos – yviTeli
baraTi unda aswion. Tuki fiqroben, rom gadawyvetileba bavSvmac da mSobelmac erToblivad
unda miiRon – narinjisferi baraTi unda aswion.
3. rigrigobiT waikiTxeT kiTxvebi da daelodeT, sanam jgufis yvela wevri ar aswevs
baraTs. sTxoveT bavSvebs, gaixed-gamoixedon da naxon, Tu romel baraTebs asweven jgufis
wevrebi. zogierT bavSvs albaT komentarebis gakeTeba moundeba, magram nu gamarTavT diskusias
savarjiSos am etapze – diskusia savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvisTvis SemoinaxeT.
1. savarjiSosSemdgom ganxilvaSi Semdegi kiTxvebi dagexmarebaT:

a. rogor mogewonaT es savarjiSo?
b. rTuli iyo zogierTkiTxvaze pasuxis gacema? ratom?
g. romeli kiTxvebi iyo ioli da romeli rTuli? ratom?
d. ratom hqonda zogierTebs gansxvavebuli pasuxebi?
e. arsebobskiTxvaze swori pasuxi da araswori pasuxi?
v. aqvs Tu ara bavSvis asaks mniSvneloba im gadawyvetilebebTan dakavSirebiT,
romlebic TviTon bavSvs Seexeba? ratom an ratom ara?
86
2. SemoitaneT fraza ùnar-Cvevebis ganviTareba“ da ganmarteT misi mniSvneloba. axseniT,
rom asakis zrdasTan erTad bavSvebs meti saSualeba aqvT da meti pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT
pirad sakiTxebTan dakaSirebiT gadawyetilebis miRebaSi. ufrosi asakis bavSvebs SeiZleba
mouyvanoT magaliTad uSualod bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-5 da me-14 muxlebi da isaubroT
im debulebebze, romlebic bavSvebs Seexeba. dasviT qvemoT moyvanili kiTxvebi bavSvebis rolze
gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi:
a. monawileobT ojaxuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi? romelSi?
b. aris sakiTxebi, romlebsac Tqven TviTon wyvetT? romeli sakiTxebia es?
g. aris sakiTxebi, romelTa gadasawyvetad Tqven daxmareba da mSoblebis rCeva
gWirdebaT? ra sakiTxebia es?
d. ra gziT sTxovT xolme mSoblebs rCevas?
e. aris Tu ara mniSvnelovani TqvenTvis da Tqveni mSoblebisTvis ojaxur
cxovrebaSi monawileoba? ratom ki an ratom ara?
v. ra gzebi arsebobs imisTvis, rom Tqven ufro aqtiuri monawileoba miiRoT ojaxis
cxovrebaSi?
z. mogwonT Tqvens ojaxSi gadawyvetilebis miRebis gzebi? aris raime iseTi
sakiTxebi, romelSi monawileobac gsurT, magram saSualeba ar gaqvT?
risi gakeTeba SegiZliaT imisTvis, rom gaizardos Tqveni monawileoba
gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi?
3. daukavSireT es savarjiSo adamianis uflebebs da dasviT Semdegi kiTxvebi:
a. ratom Seexeba adamianis zogierTi ufleba bavSvebs da maT ojaxebs?
b. Tqveni azriT, ratom iTvleba bavSvis monawileoba mis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis procesSi bavSvis uflebad?
g. vin iRebs gadawyvetilebas bavSvebis cxovrebaze, garda TviT bavSvebis da
maTi mSoblebisa? ratom aris es mniSvnelovani?

* ojaxze yuradRebis gadasatanad jer SegiZliaT CaataroT savarjiSo `Cven erTi ojaxi
varT“, gv. 198.
* savarjiSo `konstitucia Cveni jgufisTvis“, gv. 120, aseve Seexeba bavSvebis monawileobas
molaparakebebisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi.

* sTxoveT bavSvebs, mSoblebTan erTad SeimuSaon ojaxis strategia imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor
miiRebs monawileobas ojaxis yoveli wevri ojaxis cxovrebaSi.
* moiwvieT mSoblebi da sTxoveT, gauziaron bavSvebs TavianTi Sexedulebebi ojaxis
cxovrebaSi monawileobis Sesaxeb, aseve imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra rols TamaSoben isini bavSvebis pirad
cxovrebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSi da rogor icvleba es roli bavSvebis zrdasTan erTad.

* zogierT bavSvs SesaZloa gauWirdes zogkiTxvaze pasuxi. unda daexmaroT Sesabamisi
baraTis an im pasuxis SerCevaSi, romelic maTTvis misaRebia.
* aucilebelia, rom icodeT bavSvebis ojaxuri mdgomareoba. zogi bavSvi SesaZloa ara
mSoblebTan, aramed meurvesTan cxovrobs. am SemTxvevaSi saqmeSi mSoblebTan erTad meurvec
unda CarToT.
* zogi bavSvi iqve, itxvis dasmisas iwyebs saubars Tavisi arCevanis Sesaxeb da ar elodeba
diskusias; SeaxseneT maT, rom diskusiisas saubris ufro meti SesaZlebloba miecemaT.
* kiTxvebis xmamaRla wakiTxvamde sTxoveT bavSvebs, daxaton suraTi yvela ferad baraTze,
raTa axsovdeT, romeli baraTi romelkiTxvas gamoxatavs. SegiZliaT aseve dakidoT es naxatebi
dafaze, rom bavSvebs ar daaviwydeT, Tu romeli feri romelkiTxvaze pasuxs gamoxatavs.
ufro xangrZlivi da siRrmiseuli saubrisTvis sTxoveT bavSvebs, ganixilon TavianTi
gadawyvetilebebi yovelkiTxvaze pasuxis Semdeg.
ufrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis: sTxoveT maT, gansazRvron, bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
romel muxls Seexeba esa Tu iskiTxva.
umcrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis: hkiTxeT, Tu romeli adamianis uflebebi icavs bavSvebis
da mSoblebis ojaxur cxovrebaSi monawileobas? rotomaa es uflebebi mniSvnelovani?
87
xmamaRla wasakiTxi kiTxvebi
vin wyvets, darCe Tu aramarto saxlSi, rodesac mTeli ojaxi sayidlebze midis:
5 wlis asakSi?
10 wlis asakSi?
15 wlis asakSi?
vin wyvets, SegiZlia Tu ara orive mSobelTan gaagrZelo urTierToba mas Semdeg, rac
isini gaSordebian erTmaneTs:
4 wlis asakSi?
9 wlis asakSi?
17 wlis asakSi?
vin wyvets, unda waxvide Tu ara jarSi:

6 wlis asakSi?
11 wlis asakSi?
16 wlis asakSi?
vin wyvets, unda gecvas Tu ara sawvimari, rodesac wvimaSi gadixar:

3 wlis asakSi?
9 wlis asakSi?
14 wlis asakSi?
vin wyvets, vegetarianeli unda iyo Tu ara:

4 wlis asakSi?
8 wlis asakSi?
13 wlis asakSi?
vin wyvets, sigarets mowev Tu ara:

6 wlis asakSi?
9 wlis asakSi?
15 wlis asakSi?
vin wyvets, SegiZlia Tu ara SuaRamemde ar daiZino:

5 wlis asakSi?
9 wlis asakSi?
14 wlis asakSi?
vin wyvets, SegiZlia Tu ara internetis xmareba meTvalyureobis gareSe:

6 wlis asakSi?
10 wlis asakSi?
16 wlis asakSi?
vin wyvets, SegiZlia Tu ara religiis arCeva:

5 wlis asakSi?
9 wlis asakSi?
13 wlis asakSi?
vin wyvets, SegiZlia Tu ara skolas Tavi daanebo:

6 wlis asakSi?
10 wlis asakSi?
15 wlis asakSi?
vin wyvets, SegiZlia Tu ara gawevriande adgilobriv momReralTa gundSi:

5 wlis asakSi?
9 wlis asakSi?
17 wlis asakSi?
88
xmamaRla wasakiTxi kiTxvebi
vin wyvets, SegiZlia Tu ara gqondes sakuTari mobiluri telefoni:

4 wlis asakSi?
8 wlis asakSi?
15 wlis asakSi?
vin wyvets Seni mzrunvelobis qveS ayvanis sakiTxs:

4 wlis asakSi?
10 wlis asakSi?
16 wlis asakSi?
89
11. zabderfilio
erTi yvelasTvis da arcerTi erTisTvis
Temebi: adamianis zogadi uflebebi, diskriminacia
asaki: 7-10 weli
savarjiSos tipi: ambebis moyola, gansja
miznebi: x ganxilva cnebisa `yvela gansxvavebulia,

magram Tanasworia“
x tolerantobis da mravalferovnebis
raobis ganxilva
x diskusia Zaladobis da konfliqtis
marTvis Sesaxeb
x sayovelTaobis principis gageba
momzadeba: x winaswar gaiareT repeticia Tojinebis

gamoyenebiT
x daamzadeT Tojina zabderfilio —
cxoveli, romelsac sxvadasxva cxovelis
maxasiaTeblebi aqvs (ix. sailustracio masala)
masalebi: x Tojinebis Teatri an msgavsi mowyobiloba

x Tojinebi sxvadasxva cxovelis gamosaxulebiT,
monadire Tojina, wamyvani Tojina da
zabderfilio — iseTi, rogorc sailustracio
masalazea mocemuli
miTiTebebi
1. dasviT bavSvebi Tojinebis Teatris sayureblad. sTxoveT, rom daicvan siCume da isxdnen
TavianT adgilebze warmodgenis msvlelobisas. maT saubari mxolod maSin unda daiwyon, roca
warmodgenis personaJi kiTxvas dausvams. aravin unda Seexos Tojinebs.
2. daiwyeT warmodgena. regularulad dausviT bavSvebs kiTxvebi, rom maTi yuradReba
savarjiSoSi dasmul amocanebze iyos koncentrirebuli.

a. rogori ganwyoba gaqvT warmodgenis mimarT?
b. ra moxda warmodgenaSi?
g. romeli cxoveli mogewonaT yvelaze ufro? yvelaze naklebad? ratom?
d. samarTlianad moeqcnen sxva cxovelebi zabderfilios?
e. ratom moiqcnen ase?
v. Tqveni azriT, ratom daumegobrdnen sxva cxovelebi
zabderfilios? imis gamo, rom yvelaze Ronieri
iyo? yvelaze lamazi? Tu mamaci da guluxvi? Tu bevri sxvadasxva unaris gamo?
2. daukavSireT es savarjiSo adamianis uflebebs Semdegi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT:
a. ginaxavT odesme, ise moqceodnen vinmes,
rogorc cxovelebi moeqcnen zabderfilios?
b. ratom xdeba ase realur cxovrebaSi?
wyaro: portugali-
g. Cven yvelani erTnairebi varT da mainc
uri Tojinebis Sous
ganvsxvavdebiT? raSi vgavarT erTmaneTs?
“Animacao e Inovacao
riT varT gansxvavebulebi?
Social” (MAIS) adaptire-
d. ra unda vqnaT imisTvis, rom bavSvebma ar igrZnon
buli varianti
Tavi ise, rogorc zabderfiliom, rodesac mas
www.mais.online.pt
aravin emegobreboda?
90
bavSvebs TviTon SeuZliaT am martivi Tojinuri warmodgenis dadgma sxva bavSvebisTvis.

Tojinebis damzadebac Tavad SeuZliaT da sxva fabulis mogonebac. `kompasitoSi“ mocemul
savarjiSoebSi aRwerili ambebi Tojinebis daxmarebiT SeiZleba iqnes warmodgenili (magaliTad,
`Tanamedrove zRapari“, gv. 99, ìyo da ara iyo ra“, gv. 112).
sTxoveT bavSvebs, warmoidginon, ra iqneba, zabderfilio rom maT jgufSi iyos. daexmareT maT
Sida `qcevis wesebis“ SemuSavebaSi, erTmaneTis mimarT kargi damokidebulebis CamoyalibebaSi
da maT Soris gansxvavebebis pativiscemaSi. dakideT es wesebi sajaro adgilas da saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi SeaxseneT bavSvebs.
* nacvlad namdvili Tojinebis Teatrisa, gamoiyeneT gadasafarebeli, romlis ukan

gaimarTeba warmodgena;
* gamoiyeneT nebismieri Tojina, romelic gaqvT. Tuki saWiro Tojinebi ar gaqvT, gaakeTeT
isini muyaosgan an Zveli windebisgan;
* SecvaleT zabderfilio Tqveni warmosaxvis mixedviT. SeiZleba mas hqondes kurdRlis
yurebi, martorqis rqa, Tagvis cxviri da ulvaSebi, lomis fafari, kengurus CanTa an nebismieri
sxva kombinacia, romelic Tqvens mier gamogonil ambavs dasWirdeba. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, is
ucnaurad unda gamoiyurebodes da unda hqondes didi cxviri, xmamaRali xma da uxmod siarulis
unari. SegiZliaT, aseve, ise SecvaloT fabula, rom nebismier Tojinas moergos.
* ufro did jgufebSi meore pedagogis daxmareba iqneba saWiro, rom bavSvebsa da Tojinebs
SoriskiTxva-pasuxi mSvidad warimarTos.
scenari
Sesavali: (iwyebs Tojina-wamyvani, romelic TviTon ambavSi ar monawileobs)

Tojina-wamyvani: gamarjoba, qalbatonebo da batonebo, biWebo da gogonebo.
Zalian mixaria, rom mzad xarT moisminoT da naxoT Cveni dRevandeli gansakuTrebuli
warmodgena!
Tavidanve SemiZlia erTi dRevandeli ucnauri ambavi giamboT. es ambavi cxovelebis
samyaroSi xdeba. am samyaroSi, iseve, rogorc CvenTan, yvelaferi lamazi ar aris,
magram arc uSnoa. yvelaferi normaluri ar aris, magram arc aranormaluria. magram
moulodnelobebi yovelTvis xdeba!
es ambavic swored am moulodnelobas Seexeba. es aris ambavi erT gansakuTrebul
cxovelze, romelsac zabderfilio hqvia. uyureT da usmineT yuradRebiT. gTxovT, nu
adgebiT Tqveni adgilebidan, radgan cxovelebi SeiZleba SeSindnen da gaiqcnen da Cven
verasdros gavigebT, ra moxdeba am ambis bolos. aba, droebiT!
91
ambavi
mokle Sinaarsi: zabderfilio saTiTaod xvdeba sxvadasxva cxovels. yoveli maTgani
miiCnevs, rom zabderfilio Zalian ucnauri cxovelia. zabderfilio eZebs megobars,
magram arcerT cxovels ar unda masTan megobroba, imitom rom is.... ucnauria!
qvemoT mocemulia erT-erT cxovelTan Sexvedra:
Jirafi: (gamodis scenaze da mimarTavs bavSvebs) gamarjoba, bavSvebo! iciT, vin var?
(auditoria: Jirafi xar)
Jirafi: saidan iciT? sadme maweria?

(auditoria: imitom rom grZeli kiseri gaqvs da Seni ferebis qurqi..)
Jirafi: sworia. me msoflios yvela cxovelze grZeli kiseri maqvs, Sors vxedav da
iolad SemiZlia maRali xeebidan foTlebis Wama.
(scenaze gamodis zabderfilio)
zabderfilio: (megobrulad da didi mondomebiT) gamarjoba!
Jirafi: vaime! SemeSinda uceb, ase rom momepare! moica, Sen vin xar?
zabderfilio: me zabderfilio var.
Jirafi: zabderbaderafiloioo – vinao???
zabderfilio: me zabderfilio mqvia da megobars veZeb. ginda vimegobroT?
Jirafi: mm.. ra vici. Zalian ucnaurad gamoiyurebi. arc Tagvi xar, arc lomi, arc
kenguru, magram yvelas hgavxar. yvela Cemi megobari an erTi cxovelia an
meore da ara SensaviT narevi! ukacravad, magram megobrebi unda vnaxo!
Sen marTla ucnauri xar da uSno!
zabderfilio: (gulnatkenia) ki magram – moica...

(Jirafi ukve gaiqca. zabderfilio auditorias mimarTavs)
zabderfilio: aman Zalian damaRona. ratom ar unda Jirafs CemTan megobroba? modi,
cotas kidev gaviseirneb tyeSi da egeb kidev romelime cxovels
Sevxvde da veTamaSo.
arcerT cxovels, romelsac zabderfilio Sexvda, ar unda masTan megobroba. uceb

scenaze monadire gamodis. is cxovelebze nadirobs. rodesac scenaze cxoveli gamoCndeba,
monadire mis daWeras cdilobs, magram cxovelebi gaurbian.
monadire scenidan qreba – tyeSi midis cxovelebis sapovnelad, scenaze ki zabderfilio
gamoCndeba. zabderfilio ekiTxeba mayureblebs, ra xmauriao.
mas Semdeg, rac mayureblebi zabderfilios auxsnian, ra xdeba, is cxviriT eZebs
monadiris suns (Cemi cxviris daxmarebiT SemiZlia viynoso monadiris moaxloeba), katis
fexebiT uxmod gadaadgildeba (katis fexebis wyalobiT SemiZlia miveparo mas!) da lomis
RrialiT SeuZlia daafrTxos monadire (axla Cems box xmas gamoviyeneb da lomiviT
daviRrialeb, rom SevaSino is – Rrrrr!)
am gmiruli saqcielis Semdeg sxva cxovelebi zabderfiliosTan modian da bodiSs
uxdian uRirsi saqcielisTvis. isini sTxoven zabderfilios, gaxdes maTi megobari da
zabderfilio didi siamovnebiT Tanxmdeba. yvela cxoveli mayurebels emSvidobeba da
scenaze Tojina-wamyvani Cndeba.
92
daskvna
Tojina-wamyvani: gogonebo da biWebo, qalbatonebo da batonebo, es iyo zabderfilios

ambavi. mogewonaT?
rasakvirvelia, Sesaxedavad zabderfilio sasacilo cxovelia! magaram is megobrebs

daexmara, radgan bevri sxvadasxva ramis gakeTeba SeeZlo. SemdegSi, roca naxavT, rom
viRac cota ucnaurad gamoiyureba, zabderfilio gagaxsendebaT. imasac SesaZloa iseTi
unari gaaCndes, romelzec Tqven arc ki giocnebiaT. is SeiZleba SesaniSnavi megobari
gamodges!
dasarigebeli masala: zabderfilio
93
12. zRapars Tojinebi yvebian
... bednier dasasruls ki Sen igoneb!
aAsaki: 8-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: TojinebiT zRapris dadgma, diskusia
savarjiSos bavSvebi Tojinebis speqtakls dgamen cnobili zRapris mixedviT,

aRwera: romelSic adamianis uflebebi irRveva
mMiznebi: x adamianis uflebebis Temebis amocnoba cnobil zRaprebSi

x adamianis uflebebis darRvevebis mogvarebis gzebis povna
x erTad garToba da muSaoba
Mmomzadeba: x daamzadeT nimuSad erTi Tojina, bavSvebisTvis demonstrirebis

mizniT
mMasalebi: x Tojinebi an masala Tojinebis dasamzadeblad

x Tojinebis Teatri an masala scenis gasakeTeblad
miTiTebebi
1. gauRviZeT bavSvebs interesi imiT, rom sTxoveT, gaixsenon maTTvis cnobili zRaprebidan
is personaJebi, romlebsac usamarTlod moeqcnen. daexmareT, gaigon, rom es personaJebi da
zRaprebi xSirad gazviadebulad asaxaven realur situaciebs. SesTavazeT istoriebis wyaroebi
(magaliTad, xalxuri gadmocema an zRapari, scena sabavSvo wignidan, epizodi mediis iseTi
saSualebidan, rogoricaa televizia an filmebi).
2. mas Semdeg, rac bavSvebi ramdenime ideas daasaxeleben, dayaviT isini sam-oTx wevrian
jgufebad. sTxoveT jgufis TiToeul wevrs, daasaxelos misTvis cnobili zRapari da Tu es
zRapari sxvebma ar ician, mouyves maT. yoveli zRapris dasrulebis Semdeg daexmareT jgufs,
daasaxelos ufleba (uflebebi), romelic am zRaparSi dairRva.
3. rodesac zRaprebis erTad moyolis dro amoiwureba, sTxoveT maT, airCion erTi zRapari,
romelsac jgufs aCveneben Tojinebis speqtaklis saxiT. auxseniT, rom mxolod 30 wuTi aqvT
Tojinebis momzadebisa da warmodgenis repeticiisTvis. jgufis TiToeulma wevrma warmodgenaSi
erTi roli mainc unda Seasrulos. aCveneT, rogor gaakeTon Tojina im meTodis mixedviT,
romelsac airCevT.
4. rigrigobiT sTxoveT jgufebs, warmoadginon TavianTi Tojinebis speqtaklebi. im epizodis
gaTamaSebisas, romelSic adamianis ufleba irRveva, Tqven an warmodgenis Semsruleblebma unda
daiZaxoT `gaSeSdi!~. moqmedeba wydeba da bavSvebi iwyeben ganxilvas:
a. adamianis romeli ufleba irRveva?
b. rogor SevcvaloT moqmedeba, rom aRvkveToT darRveva da davicvaT personaJebi?
5. sTxoveT warmodgenis damdgmel jgufs, Secvalos speqtaklis daboloeba im erTi an meti
rekomendaciis gamoyenebiT, romlebic ganxilvis dros gamoiTqva.
1. ganixileT savarjiSo TiToeuli jgufisTvis Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:

a. ras fiqrobT speqtaklze?
b. rogor SearCia Tqvenma jgufma es zRapari dasadgmelad?
g. rogor imuSava Tqvenma jgufma rogorc gundma?
d. ra meTodi gamoiyeneT zRapris SerCevaze gadawyvetilebis misaRebad?
rolebis gasanawileblad?
e. ras grZnobdi Seni rolis Sesrulebis dros?
2. daukavSireT savarjiSo adamianis uflebebs Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:
a. odesme Tu gangicdia an Seswrebixar iseT situaciebs, rogoric
warmodgenaSi iyo?
94
b. ra kavSiria am situaciebsa da adamianis uflebebs Soris? dairRva Tu ara
raime ufleba? daculi an gamoyenebuli iyo Tu ara raime ufleba?
g. iqna Tu ara warmodgenaSi uflebis (uflebebis) darRvevis SemTxveva
mogvarebuli? rogor? arsebobda Tu ara problemis gadaWris sxva SesaZlo
gzebi?
d. ras gaakeTebdi realur cxovrebaSi msgavsi problemis mosagvareblad?
* zRaprebma da, gansakuTrebiT, mogvarebis gzebis povnis mcdelobam SeiZleba iseTi

kiTxvebi wamoWras adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb, romelTa sapasuxod bavSvebs meti informacia
sWirdebaT. daexmareT maT, ipovnon pasuxebi sakuTar kiTxvebze, gansakuTrebiT bavSvis uflebaTa
konvenciaSi. ifiqreT Sesabamisi organizaciebis warmomadgenlebis mowvevaze, romlebic
isaubreben TavianT samuSaoze da mogvarebis iseT gzebze, romlebsac bavSvebi mxars dauWeren.
SeasruleT speqtaklebi sxva bavSvebisTvis, mSoblebisTvis da sazogadoebis sxva wevrebisTvis.

sTxoveT bavSvebs, auditorias auxsnan maTi speqtaklebis adamianis uflebaTa konteqsti da
darRveva, romelic masSia naCvenebi.
* zogadi Temis nacvlad umjobesia koncentrireba erT konkretul problemaze an Temaze,

romelsac jgufi ganixilavs (magaliTad,, daSineba, genderuli diskriminacia an sityvieri
Seuracxyofa).
* wamyvanma unda icodes zRaprebSi ganxiluli adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebi, raTa
daexmaros bavSvebs, daakavSiron zRapari adamianis uflebebTan.
* wamyvani ar unda Caerios jgufis muSaobaSi garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac jgufs
gauWirdeba zRapris mixedviT warmodgenis dadgma.
* SedarebiT mcirewlovan bavSvebs SeiZleba daxmareba dasWirdeT problemis gadaWris
Sesaferisi gzis mofiqrebaSi. problemis mogvarebis ramdenime gzis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi
bavSvebs SeiZleba daxmareba dasWirdeT arCevanis gakeTebaSi. daexmareT maT TiToeuli gzis
upiratesobebis awon-dawonaSi, SeiZleba gaiTamaSoT dasasrulis ramdenime varianti.
* Tu bavSvebi grZel nawarmoebs, magaliTad, romans an films SearCeven, daexmareT maT
warmodgenisTvis erTi scenis SerCevaSi.
* es savarjiSo advilad SeiZleba ori an sami dRis ganmavlobaSi gagrZeldes.
* Tu Tojinebis Teatri ar gaqvT, gamoiyeneT didi pledi, romelsac bavSvebi amoefarebian
da iqidan gaiTamaSeben Tojinebis speqtakls.
* Tojinebis damzadebis mravali gza arsebobs: gamoiyeneT arsebuli Cveulebrivi Tojinebi
an cnobili personaJebis Tojinebi; moxateT windebi; qaRaldisgan gamoWeriT da joxebze
wamoacviT; moxateT muyaos rgolebi an qaRaldis Wiqebi. did dros nu daxarjavT Tojinebis
damzadebaze. aq mTavaria speqtakli.
* rekomendebuli sabavSvo klasika: konkia, piter peni, hanseli da greteli, sami daTvi,
wiTelquda, maxinji ixvis WuWuli.
* rekomendebuli istoriebi `kompasitos~ sxva savarjiSoebSi: `Zvirfasi dRiuri~, gv. 190;
`Tanamedrove zRapari~, gv. 99; ìyo da ara iyo ra...~, gv. 112; `zabderfilio~, gv. 90.
sxvadasxva varianti
* SedarebiT mozrdil bavSvebTan: daexmareT, moigonon istoriebi, romlebSic moTxrobili

iqneba problemebze bavSvebis piradi gamocdilebidan an problemebze, romlebsac jgufi
ganixilavs (magaliTad, daSineba, diskriminacia, Zaladoba an konfliqtis marTva).
* sTxoveT bavSvebs, Secvalon cnobili zRapris zogi aspeqti (magaliTad, `wiTelqudaSi~
mgeli aqcieT boroti Woris msxverplad; SecvaleT personaJebis sqesi, rogorc es gakeTda
savarjiSoSi ìyo da ara iyo ra...~, gv. 112).
damatebiTi informacia
es savarjiSo SeiZleba aseve Catardes saxlSi, ojaxis wevrebTan erTad.
95
13. TamaSebi suraTebiT
suraTi TavisTavad mravlismetyvelia – metic!
Temebi: diskriminacia, adamianis zogadi uflebebi, media da interneti
asaki: 8-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: TamaSi suraTebiT
savarjiSos bavSvebi muSaoben suraTebiT da ikvleven stereotipebs, sxvadasxva

aRwera: midgomas, rogor SeiZleba suraTebiT informireba da
dezinformireba
miznebi: x yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb codnis

gaRrmaveba
x `vizualuri aRqmis~, mosmenis da komunikaciis unar-Cvevebis
ganviTareba
x TanagrZnobis da adamianuri Rirsebis pativiscemis ganviTareba
am savarjiSoSi mocemulia adamianis uflebaTa Temebze suraTebiT muSaobis sami sxvadasxva

idea. airCieT bavSvebis gundisTvis yvelaze Sesaferisi erT-erTi varianti.
13a. suraTis nawili
savarjiSos bavSvebi daskvnebs akeTeben suraTis mxolod erTi nawilis mixedviT

aRwera: da marto amis Semdeg naxuloben mTlian suraTs.
momzadeba: x moiZieT iseTi suraTebi, romlebiTac martivi ambavia

moTxrobili siRaribis an cxovrebis msgavsi donis Sesaxeb.
suraTebi miakariT muyaos qaRaldze da gaWeriT orad ise, rom
TiToeul nawilSi asaxuli situacia gansxvavdebodes mTliani
suraTis situaciisagan.
x suraTebis kompleqtebi cal-calke moaTavseT konvertebSi,
TiTo kompleqti TiTo bavSvisTvis
masalebi: x suraTebi
x muyaos qaRaldi da webo
x konvertebi
x evropis sabWos vebgverdidan CamotvirTuli naxatebiani wigni
miTiTebebi
1. dayaviT bavSvebi or-orad. TiToeul wyvils mieciT ori konverti, romlebSic suraTebis
erTi kompleqtia moTavsebuli.
2. auxseniT savarjiSo:
a. erTi bavSvi xsnis konverts da suraTis erT nawils
aZlevs partniors.
wyaro: adaptire-
b. sTxoveT partniors Tqvas ra xdeba am suraTze (vin
bulia `kompasidan~:
aris suraTze, ra xdeba suraTze).
adamianis uflebaTa
g. hkiTxeT partniors, exeba Tu ara suraTi adamianis
ganaTlebis sferoSi
romelime uflebas.
saxelmZRvanelodan ax-
d. Semdeg mieciT partniors suraTis meore nawili da
algazrdebis monawile-
sTxoveT, giTxraT, ra xdeba suraTze axla,
obiT (evropis sabWo,
roca mTliani suraTi aqvs.
2002w.), gv. 192.
e. exeba Tu ara mTliani suraTi adamianis romelime
uflebas?
v. SecvaleT rolebi.
96

a. Tu gagakvirvaT raimem am savarjiSoSi?
b. rogor Seicvala suraTi meore nawilis mocemis Semdeg?
g. ra uflebebia asaxuli mTlian suraTze?
2. daakavSireT savarjiSo aRqmasTan Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:
a. Tu SegiZlia gaixseno iseTi situaciebi, rodesac advilia Segeqmnas mcdari
warmodgena, radgan situacias mxolod nawilobriv xedav an gesmis?
b. ramdenad xSirad ijerebs xalxi imas, rasac xedavs, da aviwydeba, rom es SeiZleba
ar iyos `sruli ambavi~?
* es savarjiSo SegiZliaT `yinulis galRobisTvis~ gamoiyenoT.

* sxvadasxva varianti:
* ganavrceT savarjiSo imiT, rom orma wyvilma gacvalos suraTebi da gaimeoros savarjiSo.
uadvildebaT bavSvebs savarjiSo meored Sesrulebisas? Tu unarebis meti mobilizeba sWirdebaT?
ratom?
* mieciT erTi da igive suraTebi or wyvils. Semdeg sTxoveT, gaerTiandnen da Seadaron
TavianTi pasuxebi.
* gamoiyeneT gazeTSi dabeWdili suraTebi, SeafaseT es suraTebi da Semdeg waikiTxeT
statia, romelic am suraTebiT aris ilustrirebuli.
13b. suraTis titrebi
savarjiSos bavSvebi weren suraTebis erTi kompleqtis titrebs, Semdeg adareben

aRwera: TavianT STabeWdilebebs.
momzadeba: x SearCieT da danomreT 8-10 saintereso suraTi.

x samuSao furceli dayaviT rac SeiZleba bevr grZel naWrad
masalebi: x danomrili suraTebi

x samuSao furceli, qaRaldi da kalami TiToeuli wyvilisaTvis
x webo an webovani lenti da makrateli TiToeuli wyvilisaTvis
miTiTebebi
1. daawyveT suraTebi magidaze. dayaviT bavSvebi or-orad da sTxoveT, daweron titrebi

TiToeuli suraTisTvis. sTxoveT, daweron garkveviT, raTa sxvebma maTi wakiTxva SeZlon.
2. rodesac yvela Seasrulebs davalebas, rigrigobiT awieT suraTebi da moxaliseebs
sTxoveT, waikiTxon TavianTi titrebi.
3. miakariT TiToeuli suraTi qaRaldze an sainformacio dafaze da sTxoveT bavSvebs,
naxatis qveS miawebon an webovani lentiT miakran TavianTi titrebi, raTa gakeTdes `plakati~.

a. Zneli iyo titrebis dawera? ratom iyo an ar iyo Zneli?
b. ra aris saWiro kargi titris dasawerad?
g. suraTi Tu TavisTavad mravlismetyvelia, ra saWiroa titri?
2. daukavSireT savarjiSo mravalferovnebas Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:
a. didi gansxvavebebi iyo adamianebis mier suraTis interpretaciebs Soris? ratom?
b. Tu fiqrobdi, rom Seni romelime titri araswori iyo?
g. ratom aris kargi erTi da imave ramis sxvadasxvagvari inetrpretacia?
97
* moZebneT iseTi suraTebi, romlebze asaxuli qmedeba sainteresoc iqneba da

mravalferovanic da, SesaZloa, bundovanic.
* gamoiyeneT feradi furclebi da kalmebi, plakatebi rom lamazi gamovides.
13g. laparakoben personaJebi
savarjiSos bavSvebi aanalizeben suraTebs da weren, ras amboben personaJebi,

aRwera: Semdeg adareben TavianT STabeWdilebebs.
momzadeba: x daamzadeT suraTebis aslebi: or an met wyvils erTi da igive

suraTi unda misceT. SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT me-V TavSi mocemuli
adamianis uflebaTa ilustraciebi.
x samuSao furcelze dawereT kiTxvebi: vin? ra? sad? rodis?
rogor?
masalebi: x samuSao furceli, qaRaldi da kalami TiToeuli wyvilisaTvis

x webo
miTiTebebi
1. dayaviT bavSvebi or-orad. mieciT TiToeul wyvils suraTi, samuSao furceli, qaRaldi,
kalami da webo.
2. bavSvebs mieciT Semdegi miTiTebebi:
a. daakvirdnen suraTs da samuSao furcelze gascen pasuxebi suraTis Sesaxeb
dasmul kiTxvebs: vin? ra? sad? rodis? rogor?
b. Semdeg miawebon suraTi samuSao furcelze.
g. suraTze personaJebis pirTan daxaton rgolebi da Caweron, ras amboben
personaJebi.
3. sTxoveT wyvilebs, gaakran TavianTi suraTebi kedelze ise, rom gverdigverd ganaTavson
erTi da igive suraTi Sesadareblad. sTxoveT bavSvebs, Sexedon yvela suraTs da waikiTxon, ras-
ac personaJebi amboben.

a. ramdenad Zneli iyo suraTis Sesaxeb dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacema? imis
dawera, Tu ras amboben personaJebi?
b. ra gansxvavebaa erTi da imave suraTis Tqveni wyvilisa da meore wyvilis
analizebs Soris?
g. ra stereotipebi gamoCnda am suraTebSi? personaJebis naTqvamSi?
adamianebis suraTebis garda, gamoiyeneT cxovelebis suraTebi. es efeqtiani iqneba stereo-

tipebis Sesaxeb diskusiis dros. daiwyeT imis aRniSvniT, rom multfilmebSi cxovelebi xSir-
ad gamoiyeneba stereotipebis gamosaxatad da Semdeg sTxoveT jgufs, moiZion stereotipebis
magaliTebi TavianT suraTebSi da personaJebis naTqvamebSi.
98
14. Tanamedrove zRapari
qviSaze fexis nakvalevs jdomiT ver datoveb!
Temebi: diskriminacia, ganaTleba da Tavisufali dro, Zaladoba
asaki: 8-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: ambis Txroba, diskusia
savarjiSos aRwera: bavSvebi rigrigobiT yvebian ambavs suraTebis mixedviT
miznebi: x bavSvTa Sromisa da Tanamedrove monobis problemis gacnoba

x aqtiuri mosmenis unaris ganviTareba
x SedarebiT mozrdili bavSvebisaTvis: adamianis uflebaTa
evropuli sasamarTlos gacnoba
momzadeba: x moamzadeT xis swori joxi

x daamzadeT naxatebis aslebi yoveli ori bavSvisTvis
x daamzadeT bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis adaptirebuli
versiis aslebi
masalebi: x xis joxi

x naxatebis aslebi dasarigebel masalad
x bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis adaptirebuli versiis aslebi
miTiTebebi
1. sTxoveT bavSvebs, Segrovdnen wreSi sgangebo ambis mosasmenad. SeecadeT, SeqmnaT

jadosnuri atmosfero. aCveneT bavSvebs xis joxi; auxseniT, rom es `sasaubro joxia~ da laparakis
ufleba mxolod imas aqvs, visac xelSi es joxi uWiravs. laparak s rom daasruleben, joxi sxva
bavSvs unda gadascen.
2. daawyveT naxatebi ise, rom bavSvebma SeZlon maTi danaxva da auxseniT, rom am suraTebis
mixedviT erTad unda moigonon ambavi gogonaze, romelsac siva hqvia. Semdeg daarigeT naxatebi,
TiTo naxati TiTo bavSvs an bavSvebis erT wyvils mieciT. ganmarteT, rom TiToeul naxatze ambis
is nawilia asaxuli, romelsac bavSvi an bavSvTa wyvili moyveba. mieciT bavSvebs dro ifiqron da,
wyvilSi muSaobis SemTxvevaSi, erTad ganixilon, ra aris naxatze naCvenebi.
3. pirvelma Tqven aiReT joxi da TqviT ramdenime sityva, rom bavSvebs aCvenoT, rogor iqneba
ambavi moTxrobili. Semdeg gadaeciT joxi im bavSvs, romelic ambis moyolas daiwyebs. auxseniT
bavSvebs, rom Txrobis gagrZelebis msurvelma naxati unda awios. Tu gagrZelebis msurveli
ramdenimea, mTxrobeli gadawyvets, vis gadasces sasaubro joxi.
4. ambis Txrobis dasrulebis Semdeg hkiTxeT bavSvebs, surT Tu ara im namdvili ambis mosmena,
romelic am suraTebzea asaxuli. mouyeviT an waukiTxeT sivas ambavi.
1. ganixileT Catarebuli savarjiSo Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:

a. ras efuZneba Seni ambavi? xom ar mogagona naxatebma iseTi ram, rac Tavad
gangicdia an ris Sesaxebac gsmenia?
b. hgavs Tu ara am naxatebis mixedviT mogonili ambavi namdvil istorias?
g. ra ifiqre sivas istoriaze? ra igrZeni?
d. raimekiTxva xom ar gaqvs sivas istoriasTan dakavSirebiT?
2. imsjeleT bavSvis Sromasa da Tanamedrove monobaze Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:
a. ras niSnavs mona?
b. ratom hgavda sivas mdgomareoba monobas?
g. rogor fiqrobT, SesaZlebelia sivas msgavsi ambavi Tqvens qveyanaSic moxdes?
xom ar gsmeniaT msgavsi SemTxvevis Sesaxeb?
d. kidev arian msoflioSi monebi?
3. mieciT bavSvebs bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis, adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao
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deklaraciis an adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis adaptirebul versiaTa aslebi.
daukavSireT sivas ambavi adamianis uflebebs:
a. ra emarTebaT bavSvebs, romlebsac aiZuleben, iSromon?
b. rogor aisaxeba es maT uflebebze? SegiZliaT daasaxeloT sivas romelime ufleba
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciidan, romelic dairRva?
g. rogor icavs bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia bavSvebs?
d. icavs Tu ara bavSvebs adamianis uflebaTa sxva dokumentebi?
* savarjiSo iseT sakiTxze, romelmac SeiZleba bavSvebi SeaSinos, ar unda Catardes

izolirebulad. gaagrZeleT igi optimisturi da pozitiuri aqtivobebiT, rogoric aris,
magaliTad, ùflebebis moniSvna rukaze~, gv. 166, an `damkvirveblis nacvlad – damxmare~, gv. 84,
Tumca Semoklebuli versiiT.
* gamoiyeneT evropis sabWos komiqsebi, romlebic msgavs istorias asaxavs. winaswar
SeamowmeT am komiqsebis Sesaferisoba. es komiqsebi SegiZliaT naxoT vebgverdze: www.hurights.eu/
notforsale/fabia/en/01.html
* bavSvebma SeiZleba moiZion maTi qveynis is kanonebi, romlebic krZalavs bavSvTa Sromas. ra
moculobis samuSao SeiZleba kanoniT Seasrulos bavSvma? icavs Tu ara kanoni bavSvebs garkveuli
formis Sromisgan?
* bavSvebma SeiZleba SeadginonkiTxvari da Caataron gamokiTxva imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra
moculobis da ra tipis samuSaos asruleben bavSvebi saxlSi. iTvleba ojaxisTvis da ojaxis
wevrebTan erTad muSaoba (magaliTad,, bavSvis movla, saxlis dalageba, mSoblebis daxmareba
saojaxo saqmis SesrulebaSi) bavSvis Sromad? Tanabrad exmarebian gogonebi da biWebi TavianT
mSoblebs saojaxo saqmis keTebaSi?
* bavSvebTan erTad dagegmeT kampania bavSvis Sromisa da adamianebiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg,
anu iseT Temaze, romelic SesaZloa bavSvebisTvis ucxo iyos, magram daainteresebs da daafiqrebs
maT.
* bavSvebs SeiZleba dasWirdeT daxmareba suraTebis mixedviT ambis moyolaSi. SegiZliaT

Txroba namdvil versiasTan ufro miaxloebulad warmarToT, Tu monawileobas miiRebT, rogorc
erT-erTi mTxrobeli. bavSvebs SeiZleba naxatebis TanmimdevrobiT dalagebac gauWirdeT.
* SeiZleba dagWirdeT adamianebiT vaWrobis anu trefikingis cnebis axsna.
* mzad iyaviT, upasuxoT bavSvebis kiTxvebs sivas istoriis Sesaxeb, romelmac SeiZleba bevri
maTgani gaakvirvos an cud gunebaze daayenos. aseve, unda SegeZloT auxsnaT bavSvebs, visgan da
rogor SeiZleba daxmarebis miReba, Tu isini an sxvebi msgavs situaciaSi aRmoCndebian.
* sivas istoria efuZneba namdvil ambavs, romelic adamianis uflebaTa evropulma
sasamarTlom ganixila (`silidani safrangeTis winaaRmdeg~, 73316/01). `kompasitoSi~ moTxrobil
ambavSi gangeb ar aris miTiTebuli sivas samSoblo (sinamdvileSi, siva togodan iyo) da qveyana,
sadac is gaagzavnes (sinamdvileSi, safrangeTSi), raTa ar Seiqmnas STabeWdileba, rom trefikingis
msxverpli bavSvebis umetesoba afrikidan an araevropuli qveynebidan aris, anda safrangeTi
erTaderTi qveyanaa, sadac aseTi ambebi xdeba. SegiZliaT es istoria SecvaloT, raTa Tqvens
qveyanaSi arsebuli viTareba asaxoT. Tumca sifrTxile gamoiCineT, ise ar gamogivideT, TiTqos
trefikingi mxolod araevropul qveynebSi xdeba. samwuxarod, erTi evropuli qveynidan meoreSi
trefikingis bevri SemTxvevaa cnobili.
* unda SegeZloT auxsnaT bavSvebs Sromisgan bavSvis dacvis sxva instrumentebic, garda
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciisa. ixileT Tavi V, bavSvis Sromis (gv. 221) da trefikingis (gv. 270)
sakiTxebis ganxilva.
* daexmareT bavSvebs, ganasxvavon samuSao, romelsac isini SeiZleba TavianTi ojaxebis
dasaxmareblad akeTeben, bavSvisTvis Seuferebeli Sromisgan. daukavSireT es bavSvis iseT
uflebebs, rogorebicaa dasvenebis da garTobis, swavlisa da sxva uflebebi.
* saerTod gogonebs, biWebTan SedarebiT, garTobis naklebi saSualeba eZlevaT da maTgan
met ufaso Sromas moelian. SegiZliaT ganixiloT biWebisa da gogonebis mimarT arsebuli
gansxvavebuli molodinebi da daukavSiroT es genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxs.
100
* SedarebiT mozrdili bavSvebisTvis: daukavSireT sivas istoria adamianis uflebaTa

evropul sasamarTlos aseTi kiTxvebis dasmiT:
* sivam da misma advokatma sivas saqme adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi Seitanes.
Tu gsmeniaT odesme am sasamarTlos Sesaxeb? vin an ra unda Seecvala sivas saqmes?
* ra gadawyvetileba miiRo sivas saqmeze adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom? ra
Sedegi mohyva am gadawyvetilebas?
* aris Tu ara Tqveni qveyana adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis xelmomweri mxare?
* SegiZliaT Tu ara Tqven, rogorc bavSvma, mimarToT adamianis uflebaTa evropul
sasamarTlos? riT SeuZlia adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos Tqveni daxmareba?
* SedarebiT mozrdili bavSvebisTvis: SeadareT adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaracia da bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvencias.
konvenciis adaptirebuli versia ixileT vebgverdze: www.youthinformation.com/Templates?Internal.
asp?NodeID=90847
* SedarebiT mcirewlovani bavSvebisTvis: danomreT naxatebi da daawyveT rigis mixedviT
ise, rom bavSvebma movlenaTa Tanmimdevroba dainaxon.
* adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciaze: www.echr.coe.int

* adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos videomasalebi ixileT: www.echr.coe.int/t/e/
multimedia/defaulten.asp
* evropis sabWos mier warmoebuli adamianebiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolis kampaniis
Sesaxeb ixileT: www.echr.coe.int/t/dg2/trafficking/campaign/default_en.asp
* evropis sabWos broSura àdamianebiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZola~, komunikaciis
direqtorati – sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxuri, adamianis uflebaTa generaluri
direqtorati – Tanasworobis ganyofilebasTan TanamSromlobiT, 2006w. (aseve xelmisawvdomia
vebgverdze: www.echr.coe.int/t/dg2/trafficking/campaign/Source/English%20brochure.pdf)
* adamianebiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb evropis sabWos konvencia (aseve
xelmisawvdomia vebgverdze: www.echr.coe.int/t/dg2/trafficking/campaign)
101
dasarigebeli masala
102
sivas ambavi
sivas ambavi
arcTu didi xnis win, erT Zalian Rarib qveyanaSi, cxovrobda gogona, romelsac siva erqva.
siva biZasTan cxovrobda, radgan mSoblebi maSin gardaecvala, roca patara iyo.
roca wamoizarda, siva mixvda, rom samyaro gacilebiT didi iyo, vidre misi samSoblo da
bevri sxva saintereso qveyana arsebobda, sadac wasvla SeiZleboda. magram siva, TanamemamuleTa
umetesobis msgavsad, Raribi iyo da samogzauro fuli ar hqonda.
erTxelac sivasTan biZia mivida da erT-erT mdidar qveyanaSi qalbaton X-Tan cxovreba
SesTavaza. sivas moewona mogzaurobis idea da Zalian mounda wasvla. biZia qalbaton X-s
SeuTanxmda, rom TviTmfrinavis bileTs qalbatoni iyidda, siva mis saxlSi icxovrebda
da saojaxo saqmeSi daexmareboda manam, sanam siva TviTmfrinavis bileTis Rirebulebas
gamoimuSavebda. amrigad, siva Cajda TviTmfrinavSi da im mdidar qveyanaSi gaemgzavra. gogona
sixaruliT eloda yvela im siaxles, rac iq unda enaxa da ganecada. qalbatoni X sivas dahpirda,
rom skolaSi gauSvebda da mis yvela iuridiul sabuTs moagvarebda, raTa mas Tavisuflad
emogzaura da es axali qveyana enaxa.
Tumca qalbatoni X-is saxlSi misvlis Semdeg saqme cudad wavida. qalbatoni X arc iseTi
megobruli aRmoCnda, rogoric sivas warmoedgina. igi sivas Tavisi Svilebis movlas da yvela
saojaxo saqmis gakeTebas sTxovda. rodesac sivam skolis Sesaxeb hkiTxa, man uTxra, skola
moicdiso.
cota xnis Semdeg qalbatonma X-ma sivas uTxra, qalbaton Y-Tan gadaxval sacxovreblado.
sivas imedi gauCnda, axla mainc vivli skolaSi da visiamovneb am axal qveyanaSi yofniTo.
samwuxarod, qalbatoni Y qalbaton X-ze uaresi aRmoCnda. sivas cxovreba kidev ufro
mZime gaxda. muSaobas diliT adre iwyebda da dasaZineblad gvian Ramemde ver wveboda.
Tumca RamiTac ver axerxebda gamoZinebas, vinaidan bavSvebis oTaxSi iatakze eZina da patara
bavSvs uvlida, romelic Ramis ganmavlobaSi ramdenjerme tiriliT iRviZebda. garda imisa,
rom saxlis dalagebas, saWmlis momzadebas da bavSvebis movlas aiZulebdnen, sivas qalaqSi
saseirnod gasvlis uflebasac ar aZlevdnen. siva ubeduri iyo da nanobda, rom afrikidan
wamovida.
erT dilas sivam moaxerxa, mieRo nebarTva wirvaze dasaswrebad wasuliyo. magram eklesiaSi
wasvlis nacvlad man gambedaoba moikriba da mezoblis saxlis karze daakakuna. am saxlSi
mcxovreb axalgazrda wyvils sivam daxmareba sTxova da Tavisi istoria uambo. mosmenilma
wyvili gaaogna. maT ver warmoedginaT, rom Tanamedrove epoqaSi SeiZleboda vinmes monasaviT
mopyrobodnen. sivas istoria Zvelebur zRapars hgavda, oRond am zRaparSi ar iyo is keTili
feria, romelic mas daexmareboda. sivas sakuTari Tavi TviTon unda gadaerCina.
am wyvilma siva saxlSi Seiyvana, misi ambavi ki policias Seatyobina. policiam gamoiZia es
SemTxveva da qalbaton X-sa da qalbaton Y-s brali wauyena. Tumca am qalbatonebis dasjiT
siva ar dakmayofilda. mas surda, rom misnairi bavSvebi aRarasdros aRmoCeniliyvnen msgavs
situaciaSi. amitom advokatis daxmarebiT sivam sarCeli adamianis uflebaTa evropul
sasamarTloSi Seitana da mosTxova qveyanas, romelSic qalbatoni X-i cxovrobda, kanonebis ise
Secvla, rom bavSvebi daculebi yofiliyvnen msgavsi monobisgan. sasamarTlom daakmayofila
sivas Txovna da is qveyana iZulebuli gaxda, mieRo zomebi, rom momavalSi iZulebiTi Sromis
msgavsi SemTxvevebi aRar ganmeorebuliyo. siva bednieri iyo. man aramarto qalbatoni Y-is
saxlSi tyveobas daaRwia Tavi, aramed isic uzrunvelyo, rom am qveyanaSi arcerTi bavSvi aRar
gadaitanda imas, rac man ganicada.
wyaro: adaptirebulia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos saqmidan Siliadin v.

France # 73316/01.
103
15. Tvalaxveuli
nu SexedavT, mxolod moismineT!
Temebi: diskriminacia, janmrTeloba da keTildReoba, monawileoba
sirTulis done: 1-li done
asaki: 6 - 8 weli
savarjiSos tipi: simulacia, diskusia
savarjiSos aRwera: Tvalaxveuli bavSvebi cdiloben Caacvan qaRaldis Tojinas.
miznebi: x SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebis

specifikuri uflebebisa da saWiroebebis Sesaxeb
warmodgenis Seqmna
x jgufis SigniT TanamSromlobisa da komunikaciis
sxvadasxva formis ganviTareba
momzadeba: x gaakeTeT bavSvis konturuli gamosaxuleba an

qaRaldis/muyaos Tojina yoveli 4 bavSvisTvis
x CamokideT gamosaxulebebi kedelze
x TiToeuli konturuli gamosaxulebisaTvis gaakeTeT
tansacmeli
x TiToeul jgufs gadaeciT masalebis nakrebi
(konturuli gamosaxuleba, tansacmeli, yelsaxvevi)
masalebi: x erTi yelsaxvevi yoveli 4 kaciani jgufisTvis

x qaRaldi an muyao konturuli gamosaxulebisTvis da
tansacmlisTvis
x webo, webovani lenti an Wikartebi konturul
gamosaxulebaze tansacmlis dasamagreblad
miTiTebebi
1. hkiTxeT bavSvebs, Tu icnoben SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamians. sTxoveT,

CamoTvalon maTTvis cnobili zogierTi SezRuduli unari.
2. hkiTxeT bavSvebs, Tu ufiqriaT imaze, ras niSnavs iyo usinaTlo? ganmarteT, rom es
savarjiSo warmodgenas SeuqmniT im adamianebze, visac mxedvelobis problemebi aqvs.
3. dayaviT bavSvebi oTxkacian jgufebad. aCveneT maT qaRaldis Tojinebi da tansacmlis
kompleqtebi TiToeuli am figurisTvis. ganumarteT jgufis TiToeul wevrs, rom isini
monacvleobiT, Tvalaxveulebi Caacmeven tansacmels qaRaldis Tojinas. jgufis danarCen
wevrebs SeuZliaT rCevebiT gauwion daxmareba.
4. miuTiTeT jgufebs, rom yelsaxveviT auxvion Tvali erT bavSvs. Semdeg uTxariT, rom
Tvalaxveul bavSvs TiTo-TiTod miscen tansacmlis detalebi, romlebic man swor adgilze unda
daados qaRaldis Tojinas. uTxariT maT, rom rac SeiZleba naklebi ilaparakon, magram miTiTeba
miscen Tvalaxveul bavSvs, rodesac mas daxmareba dasWirdeba.
5. imisTvis, rom savarjiSo cocxlad mimdinareobdes, yovel oTx wuTSi SecvaleT rolebi,
miuxedavad imisa, Tu rogori warmatebiT acmevs bavSvi qaRaldis Tojinas. iqamde gaagrZeleT,
sanam yvela bavSvi ar iqneba Tvalaxveuli.

1. dasviT kiTxvebi savarjiSos Sesaxeb:
a. ra grZnobaa, roca usinaTlo xar?
b. Zneli iyo davalebis Sesruleba?
104
g. miiReT Tu ara jgufisgan sasargeblo miTiTebebi? SeeZlo jgufs, rom ufro
metad dagxmarebodaT?
d. rogor mogwonT miTiTebebis micema? Zneli iyo Tu ara zogierTi
miTiTebis ganmarteba?
e. usinaTlo rom iyoT sinamdvileSi, kidev risi gakeTeba gagiWirdebodaT?
romeli davalebaa ufro advili an ufro Zneli?
v. risi keTeba mogwonT, Tundac SezRuduli unaris pirobebSi?
rTul raRaceebze ras ityviT? mainc mogewonebodaT maTi keTeba?
2. isaubreT SezRudul unarTan dakavSirebul stereotipebze da dasviT Semdegi kiTxvebi:
a. rogor fiqrobT, risi gakeTeba moswonT SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis
mqone bavSvebs? gansxvavdeba es imisgan, rac Tqven mogwonT? ratom gansxvavdeba
an ar gansxvavdeba?
b. rogor fiqrobT, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebs hyavT megobrebi?
yvela maTi megobaric unarSezRudulia? ratom SeiZleba iyos Zneli
unarSezRudul bavSvTan megobroba? ratom aris es saintereso?
g. rogor fiqrobT, ra undaT unarSezRudul bavSvebs, rom gamovidnen,
roca gaizrdebian? rogor fiqrobT, gansxvavdebian isini Tqvengan?
riT gansxvavdebian an ar gansxvavdebian Tqvengan unarSezRuduli bavSvebi?
d. es savarjiSo dagexmarebaT gaigoT, rom mxedvelobadaqveiTebul bavSvebs
zogjer daxmareba sWirdebaT iseTi ramis gasakeTeblad, rac kargi
mxedvelobis mqone adamianebisTvis advilia. SegiZliaT moifiqroT sxva
saxis unarSezRuduloba, romelic daxmarebas saWiroebs?
e. yvelas aqvs iseTi raRacis xelmisawvdomobis ufleba, rac
srulfasovani cxovrebisTvis aris saWiro. SegiZliaT daasaxeloT
iseTi raRaceebi, rac gWirdebaT? unarSezRudul bavSvebsac sWirdebaT igive
rameebi?
* sTxoveT bavSvebs, moifiqron savarjiSo, romelic Tvalaxveulebs SeuZliaT Seasrulon.

usafrTxoebis mizniT airCieT mjdomare savarjiSo (magaliTad, TamaSi gamocnobaze, Tavsatexi,
rolebis gaTamaSeba). auxseniT bavSvebs savarjiSos pirobebi da yuradReba gaumaxvileT rogorc
ararsebul unarze, aseve imazec, romelic arsebobs. rogor SeiZleba savarjiSos imgvarad
adaptireba, rom masSi mxedvelobadaqveiTebulma bavSvebma miiRon monawileoba?
* imis sailustraciod, rom daxmarebis gawevac garkveul siZneleebTan aris dakavSirebuli,
scadeT usafrTxo adgilze mokle savarjiSos Catareba, rogoric aris `siaruli sxvisi
daxmarebiT,~ rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom erT Tvalaxveul bavSvs meore bavSvi daatarebs. Semdeg
sTxoveT maT, rom gacvalon rolebi. ganixileT es savarjiSo.
* mieciT bavSvebs SesaZlebloba, eqsperimentebi awarmoon sxva saxis SezRudul unarebTan
dakavSirebiT, rogoric aris SezRuduli moZraoba (Sejibri tomrebiT sirbilSi, eqsperimentebi
yavarjnebiT, Camokidebuli cali xeliT da a.S.) an laparakis, kiTxvis, angariSis SezRuduli
unari.
* ramdenime sxva savarjiSoc arsebobs unarSezRudul bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad,
ùxmo diqtori,~ gv. 173, smenadaqveiTebuli bavSvebis gamocdilebas exeba. savarjiSoSi `codnis
moculoba~ 187-e gverdze ganxilulia is, Tu ra gavlenas axdens unarSezRuduli bavSvebis
ganviTarebaze maTi gamoTiSva danarCeni sazogadoebidan.
ramdenime idea, romelic Semdgom muSaobaSi dagexmarebaT
* bavSvebs SeuZliaT TavianTi Sexvedris adgili an sacxovrebeli, skola an Temi ganixilon

im kuTxiT, Tu ramdenad SesaZlebelia unarSezRuduli adamianisTvis am garemoSi komfortulad
da usafrTxod cxovreba Tu TamaSi. SeiZleba Tu ara raimes gakeTeba am adgilebis ufro meti
misawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad?
* sad cxovroben da romel skolebSi swavloben am Temis unarSezRuduli bavSvebi? bavSvebs
SeuZliaT gaikiTxon, Tu sad cxovroben da swavloben unarSezRuduli bavSvebi, romlebsac
sgangebo pirobebi sWirdebaT, da ratom arian an ar arian isini sxva bavSvebTan erTad.
* moawyveT gacvlis dRe sxva skolis, organizaciis an bavSvebis centris unarSezRuduli an
Sereuli unaris mqone bavSvebis jgufTan.
105
* es savarjiSo gulisxmobs, rom arcerT monawile bavSvs ara aqvs SezRuduli unari.
bavSvebis bevr jgufSi arian SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebi, Tumca es SesaZloa
TvalsaCino ar iyos (magaliTad, bavSvebi, romlebic saTvales atareben, SeiZleba miCneuli
iqnen mxedvelobadaqveiTebulebad). faqizad moepyariT bavSvebs da maT mier sakuTari Tavis,
TavianTi unarebis da/an SezRuduli unaris aRqmas. gamoiyeneT klasis unarSezRuduli bavSvebi
saSualebad, rom pasuxi gaeces ganxilvaze dasmul zogierTkiTxvas, magram jer calke gaiyvaneT
da hkiTxeT, ramdenad misaRebia maTTvis am rolSi gamosvla.
* SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis nawilisTvis daxmarebis aucileblobis
Sesaxeb diskusia daabalanseT imis mtkicebiT, rom maT SeuZliaT bevri ram damoukideblad
gaakeTon. xazi gausviT imas, rom unarSezRudul adamianebs igive ZiriTadi moTxovnilebebi da
uflebebi aqvT, rac yvela sxva adamians.
* qaRaldisgan gamoWrili bavSvis figurebi SegiZliaT daamagroT `velkroTi~, webovani
lentiT an WikartebiT (SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT muyao an qaRaldi, damagrebuli dapresili sacobis
dafaze).
variaciebi
* SegiZliaT qaRaldis mxolod erTi an ori Tojina gamoiyenoT da sxvadasxva bavSvs

sTxovoT, daamagros zed tansacmlis sxvadasxva detali. ori figuris gamoyeneba saSualebas
gaZlevT, rom erTi gogonas figura iyos, meore – biWisa. Tu mxolod erTi figura gaqvT, SegiZliaT
orjer gamoiyenoT: erTxel rogorc biWi, xolo meored _ rogorc gogona. SegiZliaT ganixiloT
SezRudul unarTan dakavSirebuli genderuli sakiTxebi da stereotipebi.
* Tu qaRaldis didi furclebi gaqvT, SegiZliaT jgufis wevrebis konturebi SemoxazoT da
gamoiyenoT isini qaRldis Tojinebad.
106
16. TiToeul xmas mniSvneloba aqvs
magram yvela maTgani erTsa da imaves niSnavs?
Temebi: moqalaqeoba, demokratia
xangrZlivoba: 60 wuTiani 2 mecadineoba
savarjiSos tipi: ganxilva, dagegmva, simulireba
savarjiSos aRwera: bavSvebi ayalibeben demokratiuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis

process da awyoben fiqtiur arCevnebs erT-erTi maTi gegmis
mixedviT
miznebi: x samarTliani da demokratiuli arCevnebis mniSvnelobis

gageba
x varjiSi samarTliani arCevnebis mowyobaSi
x demokratiuli arCevnebis meqanizmis Seswavla
x moqalaqeTa monawileobis mniSvnelobis aRiareba
momzadeba: x TiToeuli jgufisTvis `situaciis amsaxveli furclis~

aslis momzadeba
x rolebis Sedgena da Sesabamisi baraTebis daWra
masalebi: x TiToeuli jgufisTvis `situaciis amsaxveli furclis~

aslis momzadeba
x furclebi da kalmistrebi xmebisTvis
miTiTebebi
pirveli mecadineoba:
1. auxseniT monawileebs, rom adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia yvelas aZlevs

garantias, rom eqneba ufleba `monawileoba miiRos Tavisi qveynis marTva-gamgeobaSi uSualod
an mis mier Tavisuflad arCeul warmomadgenelTa meSveobiT~ da rom `saxelmwifo xelisufleba
unda irCeodes regularulad samarTliani da faruli kenWisyriT~ (muxli 21). hkiTxeT bavSvebs:
a. ras niSnavs `samarTliani~ arCevnebi?
b. ratom unda iyos kenWisyra faruli?
g. vis aqvs arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba?
d. ras niSnavs `Seni warmomadgeneli~?
e. rogoria aseTi adamianis pasuxismgebloba?
v. vin arian is adamianebi, romlebic warmoadgenen sxvebs an Tavis regions
saxelmwifo doneze? adgilobriv doneze?
2. gaamaxvileT yuradReba imaze, rom Tumca bavSvebi ar iReben monawileobas kenWisyraSi
srulwlovanebamde, mainc aris arCevnebis sxvadasxva formebi, romlebic wyveten maTi piradi
cxovrebis sakiTxebs. sTxoveT bavSvebs, ganixilon arCevanis gakeTebis maTeuli saSualebebi:
a. aris Tu ara iseTi situaciebi, roca Tqven geTqmiT sityva an gaqvT xmis ufleba?
b. es `samarTliani~ gadawyvetileba an arCevania?
g. farulia?
d. vin iRebs gadawyvetilebas an monawileobas arCevnebSi?
e. vin wyvets, ra sakiTxi unda gadawydes an gatanili iqnes kenWisyraze?
3. auxseniT bavSvebs, rom am TamaSisas maT mouxdebaT gadawyvetilebis miRebis demokratiuli
meTodebis Camoyalibeba. dayaviT bavSvebi luwi raodenobis jgufebad ise, rom TiToeul maTganSi
Sediodes 5-6 bavSvi. mieciT TiToeul jgufs `situaciis amsaxveli furceli~ da TiToeul
situaciaze samuSaod miiwvieT, sul cota, ori jgufi. situaciaze samuSaod aucileblad
daniSneT ori jgufi. es sabolood gamoyenebuli iqneba simulaciisTvis. gansaxilveli kiTxvebi
moaTavseT furclis qveda nawilSi da auxseniT bavSvebs yvela is termini, romelic SeiZleba
maTTvis ucnobi aRmoCndes.
107
a. alternativa: mieciT yvela jgufs situacia da miuTiTeT, rom erTsa da imave
sakiTxs SeiZleba sxvadasxva gadawyveta hqondes, da urCieT, mimarTon me-5 nabijSi
miTiTebul molaparakebaTa process.
4. roca bavSvebs eqnebaT dro dagegmvisTvis (15-20 wT.) patara jgufebSi, sTxoveT TiToeul
jgufs, axsnas sakuTari situacia da mis mier am miznisTvis Camoyalibebuli gadawyvetilebis
miRebis procesi. gamoiZaxeT jgufebi, romlebsac micemuli aqvT situacia. TiToeuli
prezentaciis Semdeg sTxoveT sxva bavSvebs Sefaseba:
a. demokratiulia igi?
b. yvela monawiles hqonda cvlilebis gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba?
g. samarTliania igi?
d. farulia igi?
e. icis Tu ara arCevnebSi monawile yvela adamianma, ras aZlevs igi xmas?
5. roca warmodgenili iqneba yvela situacia, sTxoveT bavSvebs, yuradReba miaqcion
situacias. uTxariT, rom maT mouwevT imitirebuli arCevnebis Catareba am situaciis
gadawyvetasTan dakavSirebiT. magram amisTvis isini unda SeTanxmdnen erT samoqmedo gegmaze.
sTxoveT maT situaciasTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva gegmis Sedareba:
a. riTi hgavs erTmaneTs gegmebi? SeiZleba Tu ara am SeTanxmebebis
gamoyeneba fiqtiuri kenWisyrisTvis?
b. riTi gansxvavdeba isini? romeli idea iqneba ukeTesi? romeli gamoviyenoT?
6. roca bavSvebi miaRweven SeTanxmebas, dawereT maTi gadawyvetilebebi furcelze da
ganixileT isini. dausviT Semdegis msgavsi kiTxvebi:
a. rame xom ar gamogvrCa axal gegmaSi situaciasTan dakavSirebiT?
b. rogor ggonia, demokratiuli iqneba es?
meore mecadineoba:
1. SeaxseneT bavSvebs pirveli mecadineoba da situaciis faqtebi. kidev erTxel warmoadgineT

pirvel mecadineobaze Camoyalibebuli gegma da auxseniT, rom gamoiyenebT maT gegmas fiqtiuri
arCevnebisas situaciasTan dakavSirebiT.
2. daurigeT baraTebi bavSvebs da auxseniT simulaciuri situacia:
a. arCevnebis menejeri sTxovs 3 warmomadgenels Tavisi azris gamoTqmas.
b. arCevnebis menejeri Semdeg sTxovs auditorias, dasvan kiTxvebi da, aseve,
gamoTqvan Tavisi azri.
g. arCevnebis menejeri kiTxulobs, aris Tu ara yvela mzad arCevnebisTvis, da xsnis,
rogor xdeba kenWisyris mogeba jgufis gegmis mixedviT (magaliTad,
martivi umravlesoba, xmaTa proporcia).
d. oficialuri piri Txovs yvelas arCevnebSi monawileobis miRebas jgufis gegmaSi
motanili meTodis mixedviT. oficialuri piri da arCevnebis menejeri
Seagroveben xmebs da daTvlian maT.
e. oficialuri piri acxadebs kenWisyris Sedegebs. Tu es niSnavs gamarjvebas,
arCevnebis menejeri acxadebs jgufis gadawyvetilebas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi
arCevnebis menejeri acxadebs, rom unda Catardes arCevnebis damatebiTi turi.
v. arCevnebis damatebiTi turis Catarebis SemTxvevaSi oficialuri piri akeTebs
axal biuletenebs da iwyebs moqmedebas zemoT mocemuli nabijis mixedviT.
1. savarjiSos ganxolva iseTi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT, rogoricaa:

a. fiqrobT, rom simulirebisas arCevnebi samarTliani da demokratiuli iyo?
b. cxovrebiseuli situacia xom ar amogicniaT TamaSisas?
g. rogor xdeba Cveulebriv amgvari situaciebis gadawyveta? aqvT Tu ara bavSvebs
Tavisi azris gamoTqmis an arCevanis gakeTebis saSualeba?
d. aris Tu ara raime iseTi gadawyvetilebebi, romelTa miRebac mxolod
ufrosebs SeuZliaT?
e. Tqvens jgufSi Cveulebriv demokratiulad miiReba gadawyvetilebebi? ratom ki
an ratom ara?
v. risi gakeTeba SegiZliaT imisTvis, rom uzrunvelyoT Tqveni jgufis
mier demokratiuli gadawyvetilebis miReba?
a. ras vgulisxmobT, roca vlaparakobT `mTavrobaze~?
108
b. romelia Tqvens maxloblad kenWisyriT arCeuli uwyeba? Tqvens qveyanaSi?
g. arCeuli uwyebis garda, kidev ra gzebiT SeuZliaT adamianebs monawileoba
qveynis marTvaSi?
d. ramdeni wlis unda iyos adamiani Tqvens qveyanaSi, rom monawileoba
miiRos arCevnebSi?
e. aris Tu ara imis saSualeba, rom ramenairad miiRoT monawileoba qveynis marTvaSi
kenWisyris asakis dadgomamde?
v. ratom fiqrobT, rom qveynis marTvaSi monawileobis ufleba imdenad
mniSvnelovnia, rom adamianis uflebad iTvleba?
z. ra moxdeboda, rom erT-erT moTamaSes uari eTqva kenWisyraSi monawileobaze?
ra xdeba, roca adamianebi ar iyeneben Tavis uflebas, miiRon monawileoba
qveynis marTvaSi?
T. ratomaa mniSvnelovani TqvenTvis moniWebuli adamianis uflebebis gamoyeneba?
TamaSi `konstitucia Cveni jgufisTvis~ (gv. 120) bavSvebs aZlevs realur SesaZleblobas,
monawileoba miiRon demokratiul debatebSi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor unda moiqces
jgufi, da praqtikulad gamocadon kenWisyris unar-Cvevebi.
gamoiyeneT yoveli SesaZlebloba, romelic esaxeba Tqvens jgufs gadawyvetilebis

demokratiulad miRebis modelirebisTvis, umniSvnelo sakiTxebTan (magaliTad, ra vWamoT;
darbazSi viTamaSoT Tu ezoSi) dakavSirebiT iqneba es, Tu seriozul sakiTxebTan. bavSvebi
demokratiul procedurebs saukeTesod swavloben maTi praqtikaSi gamoyenebisas. aseve kargia,
roca maT ekiTxebian, gamokiTxuli iqna Tu ara yvela monawile.
* am sakmaod rTuli TamaSis Catarebis umartivesi gzaa yvela bavSvis erTad CarTva g
situaciisTvis gegmis SedgenaSi. am xerxiT yvela kargad gaigebs situacias da xazgasmiT aRiniSneba
kompromisuli gegmis Sedgenis saWiroeba, rac ukve TavisTavad demokratiuli procesia.
* Tu amjobinebT ramdenime gansxvavebul situacias, gamoiyeneT, sul cota, erTi situacia,
romlis drosac arCeuli unda iqnes adamiani (situaciebi da ), da erTi – romlis drosac miRebuli
unda iqnes politikuri gadawyvetileba (situaciebi d da e). politikur gadawyvetilebasTan
dakavSirebuli arCevnebi ukeTesia fiqtiuri kenWisyris mosawyobad, vinaidan warmomadgenlebi
warmoadgenen ufro Sexedulebebs, vidre sakuTar Tavs.
* es TamaSi moicavs zogierT iseT termins, romelic SeiZleba ucnobi iyos bavSvebisTvis
(magaliTad, nominaciebi, kandidatebi, kampaniasTan dakavSirebuli gamosvlebi, debatebi,
damatebiTi arCevnebi, xmebis proporciuloba, biuleteni). vidre bavSvebi imuSaveben mcire
jgufebSi, SemoiareT isini da darwmundiT, rom maTTvis yvela termini gasagebia. ufro patara
bavSvebs proporciuli warmomadgenloba unda auxsnaT, rogorc `naxevarze meti~ an `martivi
umravlesoba~.
* instruqciebis mixedviT simulirebisTvis gamoyenebuli unda iqnes mxolod situacia,
magram aseve SegiZliaT rolebis adaptireba nebismieri sxva situaciis gamosayeneblad.
* moigoneT gadawyvetilebebze dafuZnebuli sxva situaciebi, romlebic Tqveni jgufis
bavSvebma unda gadaWran
* ufro didi jgufisTvis: debatebs daumateT sxva azris mqone warmomadgenlebi.
adaptireba
im sakiTxis gadasawyvetad, Tu vin miiRebs monawileobas arCevnebSi, SegiZliaT sxva iseTi

alternatiuli rolebis Camoyalibeba, rogoric moyvanilia qvemoT. xmamaRla waikiTxeT isini
simulaciuri TamaSis dawyebamde da moawyeT bavSvebTan debatebi, unda miiRon Tu ara aRniSnulma
bavSvebma monawileoba arCevnebSi. TavisTavad es gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gaxdes kenWisyriT
gadawyvetilebis miRebis safuZveli.
109
alternatiuli rolebi
* eqvsi wlis xar da swavlob pirvel klasSi. Sen jer arckiTxva SegiZlia da arc bevri ram ici
jgufis Sesaxeb. unda miiRo Tu ara monawileoba arCevnebSi?
* cameti wlis xar, magram mexuTe klasSi xar, vinaidan SezRuduli gaqvs swavlis unari. unda
miiRo Tu ara monawileoba arCevnebSi?
* axlaxan gadmoxvedi am raionSi da jer ar icnob adamianebs. unda miiRo Tu ara monawileoba
arCevnebSi?
* maCxubari xar. uxeSad eqcevi patarebs da mouwodeb Sens tolebs, SemogierTdnen sxvaTaTvis
Seuracxmyofeli saxelebis SerqmevaSi. unda miiRo Tu ara monawileoba arCevnebSi?
dasarigebeli masala: situaciis amsaxveli furceli,

pirveli mecadineoba
situacia a
Tqvenma skolam unda gagzavnos warmomadgeneli, vinc warmoadgens skolas bavSvTa

saerTaSoriso dRis zeimze qalaqis meriaSi. arCevani bavSvebma unda gaakeTon. skolaSi 500
moswavlea. rogor amoirCevT warmomdgenels demokratiuli gziT?
situacia b
Tqvens sportul klubs sWirdeba prezidenti. klubSi samoci wevria. rogor gadawyvetT
demokratiulad, vin unda iyos prezidenti?
situacia g
Tqveni skolis moswavleebi Tavad gadawyveten, romelma naxatma unda miiRos pirveli,
meore da mesame prizi. konkursze gamotanili iqna 50 naxati. skolaSi 300 moswavlea. rogor
gamoavlenT gamarjvebuls demokratiuli gziT?
situacia d
Tqveni skolis moswavleebi msjeloben imaze, unda atarebdnen Tu ara bavSvebi mobilur
telefonebs skolaSi. zogierTs unda mobiluris tareba, sxvebi ki Tvlian, rom es usmarTlobaa
im bavSvebis mimarT, romlebsac ara aqvT mobiluri telefonebi. skolis direqtori acxadebs,
rom es sakiTxi bavSvebma Tavadve unda gadawyviton. skolaSi 350 moswavlea. rogor SeiZleba
am sakiTxis demokratiuli gziT gadaWra?
situacia e
Tqvenma jgufma saCuqrad miiRo daaxloebiT 500 lari. jgufis xelmZRvanelma Tqva,
rom jgufma Tavad unda gadawyvitos, rogor unda daixarjos es Tanxa. zogierTs unda
wveulebis gamarTva gemrieli saWmelebiT. zogierTs laSqrobaSi wasvla surs. zogierTs
unda axali TamaSebisa da xatvisTvis saWiro masalebis SeZena. erTma gamoTqva am fulis
gauTvaliswinebeli SemTxvevebisTvis gadadebis survili. sxvas eleqtroklaviaturis yidva
mounda. jgufSi 30 bavSvia. rogor gadawyvetT demokratiuli gziT am Tanxis daxarjvis
sakiTxs?
110
zogierTi gasaTvaliswinebeli garemoeba
* rogor gadawyvetT, ra sakiTxi unda daayenoT kenWisyraze? geyolebaT dasaxelebuli

kandidatebi? Tu ki, rogor?
* ramdeni kandidati geyolebaT? SezRuduli iqneba Tu ara raodenoba?
* rogor gaigebs yvela, vis an ras uyrian kenWs? SesTavazebT Tu ara adamianebs, warmoTqvan
saarCevno kampaniasTan dakavSirebuli sityva an gamarTon debatebi?
* rogor miscems xalxi xmas? faruli iqneba kenWisyra?
* rogor gadawyvetT gamarjvebulis vinaobas?
ras izamT, Tu kandidatebisTvis gankuTvnil xmebSi sul odnavi gansxvavebaa? geqnebaT Tu ara
damatebiTi arCevnebi? dasWirdeba Tu ara gamarjvebuls xmebis garkveuli proporcia (magaliTad,
50%-ze meti)?
dasarigebeli masala: situaciis amsaxveli furceli,

meore mecadineoba
fiqtiuri arCevnebis rolebi situaciisTvis e
Tqven arCevnebis menejeri xarT. organizebas uwevT debatebs, axseniT, ra aris saWiro
imisTvis, rom gaimarjvos gadawyetilebam, da daxmareba gauwieT sxvebs xmebis daTvlaSi. Tu
saWiro gaxdeba damatebiTi arCevnebi, isev Tqven unda gauwioT maT organizeba.
Tqven kenWisyris procesis oficialuri warmomadgeneli xarT. Tqven adgenT

biuletenebs, organizebas uwevT arCevnebs, iTvliT xmebs da acxadebT Sedegebs. Tu saWiro
xdeba damatebiTi arCevnebi, Tqven organizebas uwevT biuletenebs da kenWisyras.
Tqven warmomadgeneli xarT. Tqven fiqrobT, rom fuli unda daixarjos did wveulebaze.
moitaneT amis damadasturebeli mizezi.
Tqven warmomadgeneli xarT. Tqven fiqrobT, rom fuli unda daixarjos axali TamaSebisa
da aRWurvilobis SeZenaze. moitaneT amis damadasturebeli mizezi.
Tqven warmomadgeneli xarT. Tqven fiqrobT, rom fuli unda daixarjos araCveulebriv
eqskursiaze yvela bavSvisTvis. moitaneT amis damadasturebeli mizezi.
111
17. iyo da ara iyo ra...
naxe ra xdeba, rodesac cnobili zRapris
personaJebs sqess Seucvli
Temebi: demokratia, diskriminacia, genderuli Tanasworoba
asaki: 7-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: ambis Txroba, diskusia
savarjiSos aRwera: cnobili zRapris moyola, romelSic personaJebs sqesi aqvT

Secvlili, rasac genderul stereotipebze diskusia mohyveba
miznebi: x sxvadasxva ambavsa da yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi

stereotipuli genderuli funqciebis da damaxasiaTebeli
Tvisebebis amocnoba
x tradiciuli da aratradiciuli genderuli funqciebis
ganxilva
x genderuli Tanasworobis xelSewyoba
momzadeba: gadaakeTeT/xelaxla dawereT maqsimum 10 wuTiani cnobili

ambavi (mag., moTxroba, zRapari, filmi), romelSic
personaJebis umetesobas sqesi eqneba Secvlili. Tu saWiroa,
SecvaleT maTi saxelebi da sxva detalebic. SearCieT iseTi
ambavi, romelSic orive sqesis personaJebis tradiciuli
qcevaa aRwerili (ixileT qvemoT sqesSecvlili konkias
magaliTi)
masalebi: x formati da kalmebi
miTiTebebi
1. sTxoveT bavSvebs, moxerxebulad dasxdnen wreSi. auxseniT, rom mouyvebiT ambavs, maT
yuradRebiT unda mogisminon da aRniSnon, Tu aris raime ucnauri am ambavSi. waukiTxeT bavSvebs
gadakeTebuli ambavi. drodadro SewyviteTkiTxva da hkiTxeT, Tu SeniSnes raime ucnauri am
ambavSi. mas Semdeg, rac yvela bavSvi mixvdeba, rom rolebi Secvlilia, SeiZleba aRar dagWirdeT
mTeli ambis wakiTxva anda SeiZleba pirdapir daskvnis wakiTxvaze gadaxvideT.
2. imsjeleT ambavze Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:
a. mogewonaT ambavi?
b. raime ucnauri xom ar aRmogiCeniaT masSi?
g. rodis mixvdiT, rom raRac ucnauri xdeboda? sTxoveT, moitanon magaliTebi.
3. auxseniT, rom, Cveulebriv, ucnaurad iseTi
wyaro: adaptire-
ram gveCveneba, rac Cveni yoveldRiuri gamocdilebisa da
bulia savarjiSodan molodinebisgan gansxvavdeba. sTxoveT bavSvebs, gaixsenon is
`sqesebs Soris gan- Tvisebebi da saqmianobebi, romlebic maT miaCniaT yoveldRiur
sxvavebis gaqroba~, cxovrebaSi mamakacisa da qalisTvis damaxasiaTeblad. CamowereT
adamianis uflebaTa maTi mosazrebebi cxrilSi, rogoric qvemoT aris naCvenebi.
swavlebis anabana,
praqtikuli sa-
varjiSoebi dawyebiTi
da saSualo skolebi-
sTvis, gaerTianebuli
erebis organizacia,
adamianis uflebaTa
umaRlesi komisris
ofisi, niu-iorki,
Jeneva, 2004w., da mira
sadkeris advokatebi:
www.sadker.org
112
cxrili 1: stereotipuli genderuli rolebi
kacebi/biWebi qalebi/gogonebi
damaxasiaTebeli cnobismoyvare, Wkviani, zrdilobiani, mgrZnobi-
Tvisebebi mamaci, xmauriani, riskiani, are, sxvaTaadmi yuradRebiani,
agresiuli, ambiciuri, mok- gaubedavi, damjere, cxvirs
leTmiani yofs yvelaferSi, acvia kaba,
grZelTmiani
damaxasiaTebeli uyvars sporti, CxubSi saxlSi aris, saojaxo
qmedebebi ereva, samsaxurSi dadis, saqmes akeTebs, advilad ti-
moqmedebs, marTavs satvirTo ris, Woraobs, uyvars lamazi
manqanas tansacmeli, mwerebis eSinia
4. ganixileT es cxrili:
a. SeadareT es cxrili zRapris realur versias. personaJebs tipiuri Tvisebebi
aqvT da tipiur saqmianobas asruleben? (magaliTad, konkia saxlSia, tiris, mas
cudad epyrobian, lamaz tansacmels aZleven, xolo ufliswuli Rebulobs zomebs,
sacole rom moZebnos da igonebs Wkvianur gegmas konkias sapovnelad).
b. hkiTxeT bavSvebs, Tu SeuZliaT gaixsenon sxva zRaprebi, romlebSic personaJebs
aseTi tipiuri Tvisebebi aqvT da aseT Cveul saqmianobebs asruleben? CamowereT
es zRaprebi da sTxoveT bavSvebs, axsnan, ratom daasaxeles isini.
5. es Tvisebebi da saqmianobebi damaxasiaTebelia Tanamedrove qalisTvis da mamakacisTvis?
a. SeadgineT cxrili, rogoric qvemoT aris naCvenebi, da sTxoveT bavSvebs, daweron
ucnauri qcevis magaliTebi, romlebic aRmoaCines jer zRaparSi, Semdeg ki
realur cxovrebaSi.
cxrili 2: arastereotipuli genderuli rolebi

kacebi/biWebi qalebi/gogonebi
aradamaxasiaTebeli zRaparSi: daxmareba sWirdeba zRaparSi: mbrZanebluri,
Tvisebebi Tqveni azriT: Wkviani
Tqveni azriT:
aradamaxasiaTebeli zRaparSi: tiris, saxlis zRaparSi: aqtiurad eZebs
qmedebebi saqmes akeTebs, unda lamazi qmars, organizebas ukeTebs
tansacmeli, saxlSi rCeba Ziebas
Tqveni azriT: Tqveni azriT:
6. SeadareT es ori cxrili erTmaneTs da ganixileT Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:

a. SegiZliaT gaixsenoT sxva zRaprebi, romlebSic personaJebs aseTi atipiuri
Tvisebebi aqvT da aseT uCveulo qmedebebs Cadian? CamowereT es zRaprebi da
sTxoveT bavSvebs, axsnan, ratom daasaxeles isini.
b. Tu icnobT realur kacebs da qalebs aseTi atipiuri TvisebebiT da qmedebebiT?
sTxoveT bavSvebs, aRweron am adamianebis uCveulo Tvisebebi da qmedebebi
da axsnan, riT aris isini uCveulo.
7. gansazRvreT sityva `stereotipi~ da moitaneT magaliTebi.
8. sTxoveT bavSvebs, Sexedon tipiuri Tvisebebisa da qmedebebis TavianT cxrils. sTxoveT
maT, gansazRvron, romeli Tviseba da qmedeba warmoadgens biologiur faqts qalisa da kacis
Sesaxeb da romeli warmodgenas, Sexedulebas an stereotips.
9. aRniSneT, rom iseTi funqciebi, rogorebicaa Semosavlis Sovna, bavSvebis gazrda da
saojaxo saqmis keTeba, rogorc qalis, iseve mamakacis saerTo pasuxismgeblobaa.
1. rodesac bavSvebi gaigeben stereotipebis cnebas, dausviT maT aseTi kiTxvebi:

a. rogor epyrobian im adamianebs, romlebic ar Seesabamebian kacisa da qalis qcevis
stereotipebs?
b. ratom aris stereotipebi usamarTlo kacebis da biWebis mimarT? qalebis da
gogonebis mimarT?
g. rogor qmnis genderuli stereotipebi uTanasworobas kacebsa da qalebs Soris?
biWebsa da gogonebs Soris?
2. ra SegiZlia gaakeTo stereotipebis winaaRmdeg?
113
3. hkiTxeT bavSvebs, Tu xedaven raime kavSirs genderul stereotipebsa da adamianis uflebebs
Soris? daexmareT, gaigon, rom yvela adamianis uflebaa, daculi iyos diskriminaciisgan, maT
Soris sqesis an genderuli stereotipis niSniT diskriminaciisgan.
4. hkiTxeT bavSvebs, ra azrisa arian am savarjiSoze.
* sTxoveT bavSvebs, moiZion sxva ambebi an filmebi, sadac gogonebi da biWebi ufro
Tanasworuflebianebi arian da aratradiciuli funqciebi da Tvisebebi gaaCniaT.
* savarjiSo `biWebi ar tirian~, gv. 63, da `risi keTeba momwons da ras vakeTeb~, gv. 138, aseve
genderul stereotipebsa da maT gavlenas exeba.
5. dasviTkiTxva: `ganicdian adamianebi diskriminacias Cvens sazogadoebaSi imis gamo, rom

ar iqcevian ise, rogorc xalxis azriT kacebi/biWebi an qalebi/gogonebi unda iqceodnen?
a. sTxoveT magaliTebis motana, gansakuTrebiT bavSvis yoveldRiuri cxovrebidan.
b. sTxoveT bavSvebs, gaiTamaSon, ras ityodnen an moimoqmedebdnen diskriminaciis
winaaRmdeg aseT situaciaSi.
* am savarjiSoSi Tqveni mizania, gaaZlieroT genderuli Tanasworobis idea da ubiZgoT

bavSvebs, kritikulad Sexedon TavianT da sxvaTa warmodgenebs genderul rolebze.
* aRniSneT, rom molodinebi kacebisa da qalebis qcevis mimarT SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes
qveynebis, sazogadoebebis da ojaxebis mixedviTac ki. xazi gausviT, rom Tanasworoba aucileblad
ar niSnavs ìseTives~.
* savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvis da Sefasebis kiTxvebis dasmis dros gaiTvaliswineT, rom
zog bavSvs SeiZleba dascinian an gariyulia kidec aratradiciuli genderuli qcevis gamo. ar
dauSvaT diskusia, raTa maT diskomforti ar SeuqmnaT.
* mcirewlovan bavSvebTan ar aris saWiro, gamoiyenoT terminebi `genderi~ an `genderuli
roli~. Tumca ganviTarebis gamokvlevam aCvena, rom skolamdeli asakis bavSvebsac ki esmiT
gansxvaveba genderul molodinebs Soris.
* mravalricxovani gundisTvis: SeqmeniT oTxwevriani patara jgufebi. TiToeul jgufs

mieciT pirveli cxrilis asli da sTxoveT, Caweron kacebis da qalebis tipiuri qmedebebi da
Tvisebebi. jgufebidan TiTo-TiTo wevrma warmoadginos maTi Sedegebi. mTel gundTan erTad
ganixileT tradiciuli da aratradiciuli rolebi. Semdeg sTxoveT bavSvebs, daubrundnen
TavianT mcire jgufebs da Seavson cxrili kacebis da qalebis aratradiciuli TvisebebiTa da
qmedebebiT rogorc zRaprebSi, aseve yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. daasruleT savarjiSo diskusiiT
mTel gundTan.
* SedarebiT mozrdili bavSvebisTvis: zRapris nacvlad SearCieT moTxroba an cnobili
filmi. daiwyeT moTxroba Secvlili genderuli rolebiT da bavSvebs gaagrZelebineT Txroba.
zogma mozrdilma bavSvma SeiZleba Tavad SeZlos cnobili moTxrobis gadakeTeba da moyola.
Semdeg TiToeuli mcirericxovani jgufi Tavis moTxrobas mTel gunds mouyveba.
114
zRapris nimuSi, romelSic personaJebs
sqesi aqvT Secvlili
konkia
iyo da ara iyo ra, iyo erTi ubeduri biWi. biWs mama gardaecvala, deda ki xelmeored
gaTxovda, erT qvrivs gahyva colad, romelsac ori vaJi hyavda. axal maminacvals odnavadac
ar uyvarda biWi. saukeTeso nivTebs, keTil sityvebsa da gansakuTrebul privilegiebs mxolod
maminacvlis vaJebi Rebulobdnen. maT modur tansacmels acmevdnen, gemriel sakvebs aWmevdnen
da gansakuTrebulad epyrobodnen. am sacodavi biWisTvis ki araferi emetebodaT - kargi
tansacmlis nacvlad maminacvlis Svilebis gamonacvali ecva, gemrieli kerZebis magivrad
ki mxolod narCenebiT ikvebeboda. arc raime privilegiiT sargebloba da arc dasvenebis
saSualeba hqonda, vinaidan mTeli dRe Sromobda – maRaziaSi produqtebs yidulobda, sadils
amzadebda, tansacmels recxavda da mTel saxls alagebda. mxolod saRamoobiT samzareuloSi
mbJutav buxarTan ganmartoebiT jdomis ufleba hqonda.
martoobis am grZeli saRamoebis dros biWi tiroda xolme da katas elaparakeboda. kata
ki ambobda `miau~, riTic sinamdvileSi eubneboda: `guls nu gaitex! Sen iseTi ram gaqvs, rac
maminacvlis arcerT Svils ara aqvs - es Seni silamazea~.
kata simarTles eubneboda. ZonZebSi Cacmuli da WvartliT gamuruli saxiTac ki igi
mimzidveli axalgazrda kaci iyo, xolo maminacvlis vaJebi, miuxedavad maTi eleganturi
tansacmlisa, uxeSebi da uSnoebi iyvnen da mudam aseTebad darCebodnen.
erT mSvenier dRes saxlSi axali tansacmeli, fexsacmeli da samkaulebi moitanes. dedofali
mejliss marTavda da maminacvlis Svilebi am mejlisze wasasvlelad emzadebodnen. isini
sarkes ar Sordebodnen. biWi maT mdidruli samosiT gamowyobaSi exmareboda. man ver gabeda
ekiTxa `me ar movdivar?~, vinaidan mSvenivrad icoda, rom pasuxad miiRebda: `Sen? Cemo kargo,
Sen saxlSi darCebi, rom WurWeli darecxo, iataki moxexo da maminacvlis Svilebs loginebi
gauSalo. isini daRlilebi dabrundebian Sin da Zili endomebaT~.
roca maminacvali da misi vaJebi mejlisze wavidnen sabralo biWma cremlebi moiwminda,
amoioxra da katas SesCivla: `RmerTo, ra ubeduri var!~ katam ki Tqva `miau~.
am dros sinaTlis Suqma samzareulo gaanaTa da kaci feria gamoCnda. `nu xar daRvremili,
biWuna~, uTxra feriam. `qarma Seni oxvra Cemamde moitana. vici, rom Zalian ginda mejlisze
wasvla da waxval kidec!~
`rogor waval ZonZebSi Cacmuli?~ upasuxa sabralo biWma. `msaxurebi iq ar SemiSveben!~
feriam gaiRima. jadosnuri joxis erTi SexebiT sabralo biWi iseT ulamazes tansacmelSi
gamoawyo, rogoric mTel samefoSi arasdros enaxaT.
àxla, rodesac tansacmlis saqme movagvareT~, Tqva feriam, ùnda vizrunoT Sens etlze.
namdvili jentlmeni mejlisze fexiT ar midis! swrafad! gogra momeci!~ _ brZana man.
òh, ra Tqma unda~, _ Tqva biWma da gogris mosatanad gaiqca.
Semdeg feria katas miubrunda da ubrZana `Sen ki Svidi Tagvi momiyvane!~
sabralo biWi male mozrdili gogriT dabrunda, katam ki Svidi Tagvi moiyvana, romlebic
sardafSi daeWira. `mSvenieria!~, _ SesZaxa feriam, gogras jadosnuri joxi Seaxo da - hoi,
saocrebav! - gogra bzinvare etlad gadaiqca, eqvsi Tagvi TeTr raSebad, meSvide ki lamaz
kabaSi gamowyobil meetle qalad, romelsac xelSi maTraxi ekava. sabralo biWi Tvalebs ar
ujerebda.
`me Sen sasaxleSi wargadgen. male princesa, vis sapativsacemodac mejlisi imarTeba,
Seni mSvenieri garegnobiT moixibleba. magram gaxsovdes! mejlisi SuaRamis 12 saaTze unda
datovo da Sin wamoxvide, vinaidan zustad am dros dasruldeba jadosnoba. etli isev gograd
gadaiqceva, xolo cxenebi da qali meetle _ Tagvebad. Sen ki isev ZonZebiT Seimosebi da am
lamazi sacekvao fexsacmlis nacvlad xisZiriani fexsacmeli gecmeva! gaige, rac giTxari?~
biWma ferias gauRima da uTxra: `diax, gavige!~
rodesac biWi samejliso darbazSi Sevida, siCume Camovarda. yvelam Sewyvita saubari, raTa
biWis momxiblaobiT, silamaziTa da moxdenilobiT damtkbariyo.
`neta vin aris?~ _ erTmaneTs ekiTxeboda xalxi. maminacvlis Svilebsac ainteresebdaT am
axali stumris vinaoba, radgan verasdros warmoidgendnen, rom es mSvenieri biWi sinamdvileSi
maTi dedinacvlis vaJi iyo, romelsac katasTan saubari uyvarda!
Semdeg princesam Tvali mohkra am lamaz biWs. miuaxlovda mas, miesalma da sTxova,
vicekvoTo. princesa mTeli saRamo cekvavda masTan, riTic yvela sxva axalgazrda jentlmeni
gaawbila.
`vina xar, lamazo biWo?~, _ ekiTxeboda biWs princesa.
115
zRapris nimuSi, romelSic personaJebs
sqesi aqvT Secvlili
sabralo biWma ki upasuxa: `ra mniSvneloba aqvs, vin var! mainc veRarasdros mnaxav.~
òh, aucileblad gnaxav, amaSi darwmunebuli var!~, _ upasuxa princesam.
sabralo biWi SesaniSnav dros atarebda mejlisze da ucbad saaTis rekvis xma Semoesma –
saaTma Tormeti saaTis pirveli zari Camokra! mas feriis gafrTxileba gaaxsenda; yovelgvari
damSvidobebis gareSe igi princesis mklavebs dauZvra da karisken gaiqca. kibeebze rom
Carboda, erTi sacekvao fexsacmeli gaZvra, magram wuTiTac ar ufiqria mis asaRebad
SeCereba! Tormeti saaTis bolo zars rom Camoekra... oh, saSineleba moxdeboda! biWi gaiqca
da sibneleSi gauCinarda.
princesam, romelsac ukve sigiJemde Seuyvarda biWi, aiRo misi sacekvao fexsacmeli
da gamoacxada, rom colad im kacs gahyveboda, visac es fexsacmeli moergeboda. man Tavis
ministrebs uTxra: `wadiT da yvelgan moZebneT is biWi, visac es fexsacmeli moergeba. ar
davwynardebi, sanam ar vipovni!~. ministrebma es fexsacmeli yvela biWs moazomes.
erT-erTi qali ministri im saxlSi mivida, sadac sabralo biWi Tavis maminacvalsa da
maminacvlis SvilebTan erTad cxovrobda. ministrma ikiTxa, Tu moizomebdnen fexsacmels
axalgazrda kacebi, romlebic am saxlSi cxovrobdnen. maminacvlis Svilebs TiTic ki ar
CaetiaT fexsacmelSi. ministriskiTxvaze, xom ar cxovrobda kidev sxva axalgazrda kaci
am saxlSi, maminacvalma upasuxa àra~. magram am dros, ministris yuradReba miipyro katam,
romelmac mas Sarvlis totze moqaCa da samzareulosken gauZRva.
samzareuloSi nakverCxlebTan sabralo biWi ijda. ministrma fexsacmeli moazoma da,
misda gasakvirad, biWs fexsacmeli zustad moergo.
ès saSineli, feTxumi biWi ubralod ver iqneboda mejlisze!~ _ mkvaxed Tqva maminacvalma.
ùTxariT princesas, rom erT-erT Cems vaJs unda gahyves colad! SexedeT, ra maxinjia es
biWi. ver xedavT?~
igi ucbad gaCumda, vinaidan kaci feria gamoCnda.
`kmara!~ _ wamoiZaxa feriam, moiqnia jadosnuri joxi da wamic ar gasula, rom maT winaSe
lamaz samosSi gamowyobili, kargi garegnobis axalgazrda biWi idga. maminacvali da misi
Svilebi gaocebulebi misCerebodnen mas, ministrma ki biWs uTxra: `wamomyevi, mSveniero
biWo! princesa gelodeba, rom niSnobis beWedi mogarTvas!~. ase rom gaxarebuli biWi
gahyva mas. ramdenime dRis Semdeg biWi da princesa daqorwindnen da mas Semdeg bednierad
cxovrobdnen.
katam ki Tqva `miau!~.
zRapris wyaro: konkias zRaprebi: www.ucalgary.ca/~dkbrown/cinderella.html
116
18. `kompasitos~ reportiori
`kompasitos~ mimdevrebi TavianTi fotoaparatebiT
adamianis uflebebs icaven!
Temebi: garemo, janmrTeloba da keTildReoba, monawileoba
xangrZlivoba: 90-120 wT.
savarjiSos tipi: foto an sxva tipis reportaJi
savarjiSos aRwera: bavSvebi mogviTxroben adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli

mdgomareobis Sesaxeb maT regionSi
miznebi: x yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi adamianis uflebebis mniSvnelobis

gaTviTcnobiereba
x gageba, Tu rogor SeiZleba uflebebis dacva da darRveva
x adamianis uflebebis dacvasa da maTi darRvevebis
aRmofxvraSi aqtiuri monawileobisaTvis aucilebeli
TanamSromlobis unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibeba
momzadeba: x amoirCieT janmrTelobasTan, usafrTxoebasa da

garemosTan dakavSirebuli regionSi arsebuli ramdenime
situacia (magaliTad, tualetebi, restornebi, narCenebis
gadamuSavebis mdgomareoba)
x gamoyaviT adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis da
bavSvis uflebaTa konveneciis Sesabamisi muxlebi sabavSvo
versiebSi da gadaiReT aslebi TiToeuli bavSvisTvis
x moamzadeT regionis rukebi
x vinaidan TamaSi moicavs zogierTi adgilobrivi
dawesebulebis kritikul ganxilvas, winaswar
gaafrTxileT Sesabamisi oficialuri pirebi
x SeecadeT mecadineobis mowyobas im Sesabamis adgilobriv
oficialur pirebTan, romlebisTvisac bavSvebi SeZleben
Tavisi Sedegebisa da winadadebebis wardgenas; ganixileT
SesaZlo cvlilebebi
masalebi: x adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis da bavSvis

uflebaTa konvenciis bavSvebisTvis adaptirebuli versiis
aslebi TiToeuli gundisTvis da/an didi aslebi
gamosafenad
x erTi cifruli an polaroidis tipis fotoaparati
TiToeuli gundisTvis
x bloknotebi da kalmistrebi CanawerebisTvis an
CanaxatebisTvis
x regionis rukebis aslebi
x alternatiuli varianti: printeri cifruli
fotosuraTebis dasabeWdad
miTiTebebi
1. ganixileT bavSvebTan, ras akeTeben reportiorebi, rogorc beWdviT mediaSi, aseve

televiziaSi. auxseniT, rom isini Tavad iqnebian reportiorebi da gadaiReben suraTebs, romlebic
aRweren, Tu rogor xdeba maT regionSi janmrTelobasTan, usafrTxoebasa da garemos dacvasTan
dakavSirebuli uflebebis dacva. maT unda moZebnon uflebebis dacvis an, piriqiT, darRvevis
magaliTebi.
2. ganixileT es uflebebi bavSvebTan erTa d. daurigeT maT adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaraciis da bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis sabavSvo versiebis aslebi da mouniSneT Sesabamisi
muxlebi. aseve did furcelze SegiZliaT gadaiRoT adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis
25-e muxli da bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-3.3, 24-e da 27-e muxlebi TvalsaCinod gamosakravad
da ganixiloT maTi Sinaarsi bavSvebTan erTad. auxseniT, rom es is uflebebia, romlebzec maT
unda imuSaon; miuTiTeT, sad SeiZleba Sesabamisi magaliTebis moZebna regionSi (magaliTad,
saxanZro usafrTxoeba skolaSi; jansaRi pirobebi kvebis produqtebis moyvanis, gayidvis an
momzadebis adgilebSi; sufTa haeri, wyali da garemo). sTxoveT bavSvebs, ganixilon, Tu rogor
SeiZleba daculi iqnes uflebebi regionSi. sTxoveT maT sxva magaliTebis moyvana.
3. dayaviT bavSvebi sam-oTxkacian jgufebad. mieciT TiToeul jgufs fotoaparati da
konkretuli davaleba. magaliTad:
a. jgufma SeiZleba Seamowmos usafrTxoebis pirobebi skolaSi da sxva adgilebSi
117
(magaliTad, sad aris ganlagebuli cecxlmaqrebi? aris Tu ara isini wesrigSi?
advilia Tu ara midgoma avariul karebTan? ician Tu ara bavSvebma, rogor unda
moiqcnen avariul situaciaSi?)
b. jgufma SeiZleba Seamowmos moZraobis usafrTxoeba (magaliTad, usafrTxoa Tu
ara fexiT mosiaruleTa savali gzebi? aris Tu ara usafrTxod mowyobili
gadasasvlelebi? aris Tu ara gzebi karg mdgomareobaSi? kontroldeba Tu ara
manqanebis moZraobis siCqare? muSaobs Tu ara SuqniSnebi RamiT?)
g. C jgufma SeiZleba Seamowmos kvebis pirobebi (magaliTad, maRaziebis da
restornebis higienuri pirobebi, informacia menius, sakvebi produqtis da
sasmelis xarisxis Sesaxeb, wylis mowodebis usafrTxoeba)
d. jgufi SeiZleba daakvirdes garemosTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs (SeiZleba Tu
ara haeris xarisxis gageba? aris Tu ara maxloblad gamwvanebuli adgilebi?
sufTaa Tu ara quCebi da adamianebis TavSeyris adgilebi? regularulad gaaqvT
Tu ara nagavi? aris Tu ara specialuri yuTebi plastmasis, qaRaldis, minis da a.S.
nakeTobebis gadasayrelad?)
4. mieciT jgufebs dro sakiTxze msjelobisTvisa da mamtkicebeli sabuTebis moZebnis
dagegmvisTvis. darwmundiT, rom bavSvebma ician, vis unda mimarTon garkveul adgilebSi Sesvlis
nebarTvis misaRebad (magaliTad, skolis an parkis zedamxedvels). yvela bavSvma unda icodes
fotoaparatis gamoyeneba. TiToeul jgufSi gamoyofili unda iyos erTi bavSvi, romelic
gaakeTebs Canawerebs da dawers fotoebisTvis saTaurebs, erTi – romelic fotos daukavSirebs
adamianis garkveul uflebas, da erTi – romelic werilobiT Camoayalibebs jgufis rCevebs
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.
5. sTxoveT TiToeul gunds angariSis wardgena mTliani jgufisTvis. am davalebisTvis
daudgineT sgangebo TariRi.
6. suraTebis gadaRebis Semdeg mieciT jgufebs dro patara gamofenis mosawyobad. gamofenas
unda hqondes:
a. saxelwodeba
b. jgufis wevri bavSvebis saxelebi da gvarebi
g. TiToeuli fotos saTauri, rodis da sad aris gadaRebuli da ras aRwers igi
d. adamianis romeli ufleba iqna daculi da/an darRveuli
e. rekomendaciebi aRmoCenil darRvevebTan dakavSirebiT da keTili sityvebi
karg magaliTebTan dakavSirebiT.
7. gamofenaze moiwvieT mSoblebi da mezobeli mosaxleoba.
8. SeecadeT regionis warmomadgenlebis mowvevas (magaliTad, meris, skolis direqtoris,
qalaqis sabWos wevrebis, adgilobrivi asociaciebis waromadgenlebis) gamofenis sanaxavad,
bavSvebTan Sesaxvedrad, maTi azrisa da winadadebebis mosasmenad da SesaZlo cvlilebebis
gansaxilvelad.
1. moawyeT TamaSTan dakavSirebuli gamokiTxva iseTi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT, rogoricaa:

a. rogor mogewonaT reportioroba?
b. gagiWirdaT TqvenTvis saWiro magaliTebis moZebna?
g. Zneli iyo situaciis `daWera~ fotoaparatiT?
d. Zneli iyo saTaurebis mogoneba?
e. Zneli iyo rekomendaciebis an keTili sityvebis Camoyalibeba?
v. iswavleT raime Tqveni regionis Sesaxeb? sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb? axleburad xom
ar daginaxavT raime?
z. kargi iaraRia Tu ara fotoaparati situaciis gamosavlenad? aseve sasargebloa
Tu ara wera?
T. raime sxva saSualeba xom ar gaxsendebaT situaciis gamosavlenad?
a. ra iswavleT adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb Tqvens regionSi?
b. romelia is dadebiTi magaliTebi, roca xdeba adamianis uflebebis dacva
da pativiscema?
g. romelia is uaryofiTi magaliTebi, roca irRveva adamianis uflebebi?
d. SegviZlia Tu ara raime konkretuli winadadebebis miwodeba adamianis uflebaTa
dacvis gasaumjobeseblad? visTvis (magaliTad, skolis administraciisTvis,
mSoblebisTvis, merisTvis, adgilobrivi sabWosTvis, mediisTvis,
maswavleblebisTvis)?
118
e. bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia uzrunvelyofs bavSvebisTvis maTi azris
Tavisuflad gamoxatvis uflebas maTTan dakavSirebuli yvela sakiTxis Taobaze.
iyenebT Tu ara Tqven am uflebas? Tu ki, rogor? rogor SeiZleba am uflebis
ufro efeqtianad gamoyeneba? rogori unarebi gWirdebaT amisTvis?
* TamaSi ùflebebis moniSvna rukaze ~ (gv. 166) aseve ikvlevs, Tu rogor xdeba uflebebis
praqtikulad gamoyeneba sazogadoebaSi.
* sTxoveT bavSvebs, gaixsenon sul cota erTi situacia, romlis gamosworebasac

isurvebdnen. imsjeleT arCevanis mizezebze da problemis gadaWris SesaZlo gzebze.
* Sesrulebuli samuSaos gacnoba mTeli skolisTvis da mezobeli sazogadoebisTvis
aseve saintereso da mniSvnelovani iqneba. SeecadeT gamofenis mowyobas xalxmraval adgilas
(magaliTad, fostis ganyofilebaSi, qalaqis meriaSi, skolaSi, axalgazrdobis centrSi) da
moiwvieT sazogadoeba.
* miswereT madlobis werilebi im organizaciebs, romlebic warmatebiT axorcieleben
janmrTelobis da usafrTxoebis dacvas samuSao adgilebze. aseve gamoxateT Tqveni ukmayofileba
im organizaciebis mimarT, romlebic arRveven am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebul standartebs.
* Tu es jer ar gagikeTebiaT, moiwvieT adgilobrivi sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi
aRniSnuli sakiTxebis bavSvebTan erTad gansaxilvelad. miznad daisaxeT cvlilebis Setanis
saqmeSi bavSvebis TanamSromloba sxva adamianebTan.
* es savarjiSo advilad SeiZleba iqnes adaptirebuli adamianis sxva uflebebTan

dakavSirebiTac (magaliTad, Zaladoba, sqesTa Tanasworoba, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone
an umciresobaTa jgufis warmomadgeneli bavSvebi, informirebuloba, TamaSi da Tavisufali
dro).
* Tu bavSvebis angariSi exeba skolebs da sxva dawesebulebebs, SeecadeT aRniSnuli
organizaciebis xelmZRvanelebTan TanamSromlobas. maTi urTierToba bavSvebTan mniSvnelovania
cvlilebebis ganxorcielebisTvis.
* auxseniT bavSvebs, rom es muSaoba mxolod darRvevebis aRmoCenas ar isaxavs miznad da rom
aseve aucilebelia kargi mxareebis aRniSvna. xazgasmiT miuTiTeT, rom didi mniSvneloba aqvs im
organizaciebis dasaxelebas, romlebic icaven janrmTelobis, usafrTxoebis da garemos dacvis
standartebs.
* SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes bavSvebisTvis martivi miTiTebebis micema fotoaparatis
moxmarebasTan dakavSirebiT.
sxvadasxva varianti
* daaxatineT bavSvebs suraTebi, romlebic saukeTesod gamoxatavs maT grZnobebs

(magaliTad, sadac gamoxatulia SiSi, saidumloeba, simSvide, bedniereba, usiamovneba da a.S.).
* Tu fotoaparati ar aris xelmisawvdomi, bavSvebs SeuZliaT danaxulis sityvebiT,
naxatebiT an magnitofoniT aRwera.
119
19. konstitucia Cveni jgufisTvis
vin aris pasuxismgebeli Cems uflebebze?
Temebi: moqalaqeoba, demokratia, monawileoba
xangrZlivoba: I faza: 60-90 wuTi; II faza: 30-45 wuTi
savarjiSos tipi: diskusia, konsensusis miRweva, wesis Camoyalibeba
savarjiSos aRwera:
s bavSvebi SeimuSaveben jgufis `konstitucias~, sadac ganisazRvreba
maTi uflebebi da movaleobebi
miznebi: x uflebebisa da movaleobebis urTierTkavSiris gaazreba

x uflebebisa da movaleobebis dakavSireba yoveldRiur
cxovrebasTan
x uflebebis Seqmnasa da dacvaSi monawileobis xazgasma
x jgufisTvis SeTanxmebuli wesebis da movaleobebis
formulireba
masalebi: x fanqari da qaRaldi yvela monawilisTvis

x saleqcio plakatebi da markerebi
x survilisamebr: bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis adaptirebuli
versia
miTiTebebi
pirveli faza
* gamoikvlieT bavSvebis gamocdileba da gaTviTcnobiereba wesebTan da movaleobebTan

mimarTebaSi, daiwyeT zogierTi akrZalviT, romelic maT ukve esmiT. sTxoveT, daamTavron
winadadeba: `me ufleba ara maqvs, rom ______, radgan ______~ (magaliTad, ufleba ara
maqvs, rom adamianebs davartya rodesac gabrazebuli var, radgan ... _____/ ufleba ara maqvs,
rom adamianebs usamarTlod moveqce). CamoTvaleT es yvelaferi da sTxoveT bavSvebs, rom es
winadadebebi uaryofiTidan mtkicebiTSi gadaiyvanon (magaliTad, ufleba maqvs, rom ar damartyan/
ufleba maqvs, rom samarTlianad momeqcnen).
* rodesc bavSvebi gaigeben pozitiuri uflebebis Sesaxeb gancxadebebis Seqmnis process,
rogoric zemoaRniSnuli iyo, dayaviT isini oTx an xuTkacian patar-patara jgufebad. mieciT
TiToeul jgufs qaRaldi da markerebi. auxseniT, rom:
TiToeulma mcire jgufma unda Camoayalibos sami an oTxi ZiriTadi wesi mTeli jgufisTvis.
maT unda gamoiyenon fraza `yvelas aqvs ufleba, rom ...~ (magaliTad, yvelas aqvs
sazogadoebriv
cxovrebaSi monawileobis ufleba).
bavSvebs mxolod maSin aqvT wesis Caweris ufleba, rodesac jgufis yvela wevri Tanaxmaa.
mizani bevri wesis mofiqreba ki ar aris, aramed iseTi wesebis Camoyalibebaa, romlebic
jgufis yvela wevrisTvis misaRebia.
* SekribeT yvela jgufi da TiToeuls sTxoveT, warmoadginos Tavisi wesebi. dawereT es wesebi
saleqcio plakatze, rogorc es qvemoT aris mocemuli.
pirvelad ikiTxeT, ra konkretuli uflebis identificireba moaxdines jgufebma. gaaerTianeT
erTnairi uflebebi, enobrivi Sesworebebis SemTxvevaSi nebarTva sTxoveT jgufs. es yovelive
saleqcio plakatze dawereT iq, sadac ùflebebis~ svetia.
uflebis dafiqsirebis Semdeg ikiTxeT, ra konkretuli movaleoba ekisreba TiToeul
adamians imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom yvela adamiani sargeblobdes am uflebiT. CawereT es
`movaleobis~ svetSi ùflebis~ marjvniv da gamoiyeneT fraza: `Cemi movaleobaa, rom...~, an `me
unda...~
* amis Semdeg ikiTxeT, ra movaleobas akisrebs adamians TiToeuli ufleba. dawereT es marjvniv
dafiqsirebuli gancxadebis gverdiT, pirveli piris gamoyenebiT (magaliTad, Cemi movaleobaa, xeli
ar SevuSalo sxva adamianis monawileobas).
120
konstitucia
uflebebi movaleobebi
yvelas aqvs ufleba, rom samarTlianad Cemi movaleobaa, yvelas samarTlianad
moeqcnen. moveqce.
yvelas aqvs azris gamoxatvis ufleba. yvelas unda mivce azris gamoxatvis ufleba.
* patara jgufebis mier CamoTvlili yvela uflebis da movaleobis siaSi Setanis Semdeg
sTxoveT bavSvebs, ganixilon TavianTi konstituciis proeqti.
aRniSneT, rom umjobesia, cota da kargi wesi gqondeT, vidre bevri, magram arc Tu ise
kargi. SeiZleba Tu ara romelime am uflebis da movaleobis gaerTianeba? SeiZleba Tu ara
romelime maTganis amoReba?
xom ar unda daematos romelime ufleba an movaleoba?
* rodesac uflebebis da movaleobebis sia dasruldeba, hkiTxeT bavSvebs, SeuZliaT Tu ara
gamoiyenon es gancxadebebi rogorc TavianTi jgufis konstitucia.
surT Tu ara, daicvan maT mierve Seqmnili wesebi?
vin aris pasuxismgebeli imaze, rom yvelam daicvas `konstitucia~?
ra moxdeba, Tu vinme daarRvevs romelime uflebas?
aris Tu ara saWiro, rom wesebis darRvevas Sedegi mohyves? ratom?
* rodesac `konstituciis~ saboloo versias SeqmniT, gaakeTeT misi sufTa asli da
TvalsaCino adgilze dakideT kedelze. gamoacxadeT, rom es iqneba erTad muSaobis da TamaSis
wesebi rogorc bavSvebisTvis, aseve ufrosebisTvis.
* daasruleT diskusia imis xazgasmiT, rom wesebi da movaleobebi gvexmareba erTad
vicxovroT ise, rom yvelas uflebas pativs scemdnen. wesebi icavs Cvens uflebebs (magaliTad,
monawileobis, sakuTari azris gamoxatvis, swavlis, TamaSis da a.S.), uzrunvelyofs Cvens
usafrTxoebas da janmrTelobas da, amasTan erTad, gvakisrebs sxvisi uflebebis dacvis
pasuxismgeblobas.
1. sTxoveT bavSvebs, ganixilon am savarjiSos Sedegad miRebuli gamocdileba.

a. ramdenad advili iyo patara jgufisTvis uflebebis siis Sedgena?
ramdenad advili iyo maTTvis movaleobebis siis Sedgena?
b. ramdenad advili iyo jgufSi muSaoba? ra upiratesoba da nakli aqvs
jgufur muSaobas?
g. Tu iyo iseTi ideebi uflebebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic ar gaiziara
mTelma jgufma? ratom?
d. ra uqeniT im ideebs, romlebic ver SeaTanxmeT? Tu scada vinmem, rom
jgufis danarCeni nawili daerwmunebina da TanxmobisTvis mieRwia? moxda Tu ara
romelime ideis gadaxedva?
e. ra gaigeT sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb am savarjiSos Sedegad? ra gaigeT wesebis
da movaleobebis Sesaxeb?
v. iswavleT Tu ara raime demokratiis Sesaxeb?
2. ganixileT wesebis da movaleobebis mizani qvemoT mocemuli kiTxvebis dasmiT da pasuxebis
CaweriT.
a. ra wesebiT xelmZRvanelobT cxovrebaSi (magaliTad, saxlSi, skolaSi, sxva
garemoSi)?
vin Seqmna es wesebi?
b. ra movaleobebi gakisriaT? vin dagakisraT es movaleobebi?
g. aqvT Tu ara ufrosebsac wesebi da movaleobebi? saidan gaCnda yovelive es?
d. ratom gvaqvs yvelas wesebi da movaleobebi? ramdenad gvWirdeba isini?
e. ra xdeba, rodesac vinme arRvevs wesebs? saWiroa Tu ara, rom wesebis darRvevas
Sedegebi mohyves? ratom?
3. imsjeleT uflebebis da movaleobebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb da dasviT Semdegi saxis
kiTxvebi:
a. axla, rodesac uflebebis da movaleobebis Sesaxeb SevTanxmdiT,
rogor uzrunvelyofT, rom yvelam daicvas isini?
121
b. vin aris pasuxismgebeli am uflebebis dacvaze?
g. unda iyos Tu ara miRebuli raime zoma im adamianis mimarT, romelic ar icavs am
wesebs? vin unda miiRos gadawyvetileba am zomebis Sesaxeb?
meore faza
1. konstituciis Sedgenidan ramdenime dRis an kviris Semdeg sTxoveT bavSvebs, gadaxedon

mas. miuTiTeT, rom kanonebi xSirad saWiroebs gaumjobesebas, gauqmebas an damatebis Setanas.
a. kvlav eTanxmebian Tu ara adre maT mierve SemuSavebul uflebebs da movaleobebs?
b. aris Tu ara zogierTi movaleoba sxvebze ufro Zneli Sesasrulebeli?
g. aris Tu ara maT konstituciaSi raime Sesacvleli, gasauqmebeli an dasamatebeli?
2. imsjeleT wesebis da movaleobebis Sesrulebaze Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:

a. xom ar aris iseTi ufleba, romelic sxvebze ufro xSirad irRveva? ratom?
b. vis ekisreba pasuxismgebloba uflebebis dacvaze?
g. vin iRebs gadawyvetilebas imis Taobaze, Tu rogori reagireba unda mohyves
vinmes mier jgufis romelime wesis darRvevas?
d. aris Tu ara saWiro jgufis erToblivi muSaoba wesebis darRvevis sawinaaRmdego
zomebis dasaweseblad?
* imsjeleT, ras niSnavs, rodesac jgufs aqvs wesebi, SemuSavebuli Tavad jgufis mier.
daukavSireT es procesi kanonSemoqmedebas demokratiuli wyobis pirobebSi.
exmareba Tu ara es jgufs, rom hqondes konstitucia?
ras cvlis is faqti, rom jgufma Tavad Seadgina sakuTari wesebi?
* albaT gendomebaT, rom TiToeul bavSvs hqondes jgufis `konstituciis~ asli, romelsac
is Seinaxavs.
* rodesac jgufSi konfliqti an uTanxmoeba wamoiWreba, scadeT, gamoiyenoT jgufis
`konstitucia~ maT gadasaWrelad. realuri problemebi xSirad gvexmareba `konstituciis~
gadasinjvis saWiroebis gamovlenaSi.
* SegiZliaT meore fazis meore safexuri gamoiyenoT, raTa bavSvebs SesaZlebloba misceT,
erToblivad SeimuSaon zomebi wesebis darRvevis SemTxvevebisTvis.
* mieciT bavSvebs bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis adaptirebuli versia, gv. 285. sTxoveT,
Seadaron TavianTi konstitucia bavSvis uflebaTa am msoflio masStabis dokuments. aris Tu
ara bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi iseTi uflebebi da Sesabamisi movaleobebi, romlebsac isini
TavianT konstituciaSi Seitandnen?
* SedarebiT ufrosi asakis bavSvebTan erTad imsjeleT imaze, Tu ratom sWirdebaT
bavSvebs maTi uflebebis ganmsazRvreli sgangebo konvencia. aqvT Tu ara bavSvebs ufrosebisgan
gansxvavebuli uflebebi? gansxvavebuli movaleobebi? daexmareT bavSvebs, gaigon, Tu ra kavSiria
movaleobebsa da bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi asaxul mzardi SesaZleblobebis princips
Soris.
* `TiToeul xmas mniSvneloba aqvs~, gv. 107, romelic bavSvebs CarTavs demokratiuli
gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi, kargi savarjiSoa winaswari an Semdgomi muSaobisTvis.
ramdenime idea, romelic muSaobaSi dagexmarebaT
* sTxoveT bavSvebs, gaarkvion, aris Tu ara maT skolaSi, jgufSi an klubSi bavSvis uflebaTa
dacvis wesebi da procedurebi da maT movaleobebsac adgens Tu ara es wesebi. Tu es asea, sTxoveT
Seafason es wesebi:
visi Sedgenilia es wesebi?
eTanxmebiT Tu ara maT?
SeiZleba Tu ara maTi Secvla? rogor?
ra xdeba, rodesac adamianebi ar icaven wesebs?
122
* zogierTma adamianma SeiZleba ar icodes sityva an cneba `konstitucia.~ Tqven SegiZliaT

ar axsenoT es sityva (pirveli faza, meoTxe safexuri) da am dokuments martivad uwodoT `Cveni
jgufis uflebebi da movaleobebi.~ meore mxriv, Tqven SegiZliaT konstituciis cneba ufro
adre gaacnoT bavSvebs, vidre am savarjiSos daiwyebT da sTxovoT bavSvebs, pasuxi gascen Semdeg
kiTxvebs:
aqvs Tu ara Cvens qveyanas konstitucia?
ra weria Cvens konstituciaSi?
vin da rodis dawera Cveni konstitucia?
vin aqcevs yuradRebas imas, Tu ramdenad icaven konstitucias?
ra xdeba, rodesac vinme arRvevs konstitucias?
* bevri bavSvi uaryofiTad aris ganwyobili wesebis mimarT da sakuTari Tavisuflebis
SemzRudvelad aRiqvams. garkveuli dro dauTmeT imaze msjelobas da magaliTebis moyvanas, Tu
ratom gvWirdeba wesebi erToblivi cxovrebisTvis.
* patara bavSvebs daxmareba dasWirdebaT, rom gansxvaveba aRmoaCinon sxvaTa mimarT pirad
valdebulebebs (magaliTad, rigis dacva, adamianis gansxvavebulobis pativiscema, Zaladobis
dauSvebloba) da maTTvis ufrosebis mier dawesebul SezRudvebsa da davalebebs (magaliTad,
kbilebis gaxexva, loginis gasworeba, skolaSi xelis aweva, saSinao davalebis Sesruleba) Soris.
* xazi gausviT kavSirs yvela adamianis _ rogorc zrdasrulis, ise bavSvis _ uflebebsa
da rolebs/movaleobebs Soris. aRniSneT rogorc wesebis ganxorcielebis, ise maTi pativiscemis
pasuxismgebloba.
1. imisTvis, rom gaamartivoT es savarjiSo patara bavSvebisTvis, mianiWeT mas konkretuli

saxe:
a. diskusiis dros yuradReba gaamaxvileT uflebebsa da movaleobebze;
b. nu SeexebiT wesebis sirTuleebs, ganxorcielebas, ganxorcielebis movaleobas.
2. SedarebiT ufrosi asakis bavSvebs SegiZliaT auxsnaT abstraqtuli damokidebuleba
uflebebs, wesebs da movaleobebs Soris Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:
a. ra kavSiria uflebebsa da wesebs Soris?
b. ra gansxvavebaa wesebsa da movaleobebs Soris?
123
20. kurdRlis uflebebi
Cven gvaqvs ufleba, viyoT bednieri,
daculi da janmrTeli
asaki: 8-10 weli
savarjiSos tipi: warmosaxva, erTad mofiqreba, diskusia
savarjiSos bavSvebi warmoidgenen im zrunvas, romelic esaWiroeba saxlis

aRwera: kurdRels, da ganazogadeben amas bavSvis saWiroebebze da
gadarCenis da ganviTarebis uflebebze
miznebi: x bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis gacnoba

x bavSvebisTvis imis Cveneba, rom isini instinqturad icnoben
bavSvis uflebebs
x adamianis saWiroebebis dakavSireba adamianis uflebebTan
momzadeba: x moamzadeT cxrili, bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis aslebi
masalebi: x cxriliani furceli da markerebi

x cxrili, bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis aslebi
miTiTebebi
1. bavSvebs sTxoveT, warmoidginon, rom saxlSi kurdReli hyavT da daarqvan mas saxeli.
bavSvebma unda daasaxelon yvelaferi, rac kurdRlisTvis aris saWiro, rom iyos bednieri,
daculi da janmrTeli. hkiTxeT: `ra aris is yvelaferi, rac kurdRels dasWirdeba?~ bavSvebma
SeiZleba daasaxelon kurdRlis galia, Cala, sakvebi, wyali, varjiSi, yuradReba, siyvaruli an
meore kurdReli, marto rom ar iyos. dawereT sityva `kurdReli~ (an kurdRlis saxeli) cxrilis
marcxena svetis zeda grafaSi, rogorc es qvemoT aris naCvenebi, da CawereT bavSvebis pasuxebi.
2. Semdeg bavSvebs hkiTxeT: `vin unda uzrunvelyos is yvelaferi, rac kurdRels sWirdeba?~.
CaiwereT bavSvebis pasuxebi; pasuxebSi bavSvebma SeiZleba Tqvan, rom Tavad arian an kurdRlis
patronia pasuxismgebeli am yvelafris uzrunvelyofaze.
3. daazusteT is, rac kurdRels gadarCenisa da gazrdisTvis sWirdeba, magaliTad, sakvebi,
wyali da galia. Semdeg hkiTxeT bavSvebs:
a. Tu es yvelaferi kurdRels marTlac sWirdeba, rom gadarCes, unda hqondes Tu
ara kurdRels am yvelafris ufleba?
b. vin aris pasuxismgebeli imaze, rom uzrunvelyos kurdRlis es uflebebi?
4. dawereT sityva `bavSvebi~ cxrilis marjvena svetis zeda grafaSi da sTxoveT bavSvebs,
erTad moifiqron, `ra aris saWiro bavSvebisTvis, rom ganviTardnen da ra unda hqondeT maT
bednieri, daculi da janmrTeli cxovrebisTvis~. CamowereT bavSvebis pasuxebi da daexmareT maT,
daasaxelon iseTi raRaceebi, rogoricaa saxli, sakvebi, wyali, ojaxi, megobrebi, saTamaSoebi,
ganaTleba, siyvaruli da yuradReba.
5. hkiTxeT bavSvebs: `vin unda uzrunvelyos bavSvebi
im yvelafriT, rac saWiroa, rom bednierebi, daculebi da
janmrTelebi iyvnen?~. daexmareT maT, rom pasuxebSi moxvdnen
ufrosebi, mSoblebi, ojaxi da mzrunvelebi. wyaro: sakuTari
6. dausviT bavSvebs qvemoT moyvanili kiTxvebi, raTa ZalebiT sazogadoe-
gaafarTovoT bavSvis uflebebis areali, damatebiTi bis gaumjobesebis
saWiroebebis CamatebiT: saxelmZRvanelo – bavS-
a. ra aris saWiro bavSvebis dacvis, gadarCenis, vebis da axalgazrdebis
ganviTarebisa da CarTulobisTvis? CarTva, Save the Chil-
b. Tu es bavSvebisTvis aris saWiro, unda hqondeT dren, Sotlandia, 2005w.
Tu ara maT amis ufleba?
g. vin unda uzrunvelyos bavSvebi am uflebebiT?
124
7. hkiTxeT bavSvebs, Tu smeniaT odesme bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Sesaxeb. mieciT maT
konvenciis adaptirebuli versia an gamoiyeneT saplakato versia. auxseniT, rom am dokumentSi
gansazRvrulia is, risi uflebac yvela bavSvs aqvs msoflioSi.
1. sTxoveT bavSvebs, Seadaron maT cxrilSi CamoTvlili uflebebi bavSvis uflebaTa

konvenciaSi gansazRvrul uflebebs. uTxariT bavSvebs, rom maT Seadgines bavSvis uflebaTa sia.
dausviT aseTi kiTxvebi:
a. ra saWiroebebi daasaxeleT, romlebic bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSic aris
mocemuli? aRniSneT isini cxrilze varskvlaviT.
b. rogor SeZeliT Tqven TviTon amdeni uflebis dasaxeleba?
2. uTxariT bavSvebs, rom maT Tavidanve, ufrosebis daxmarebis gareSe, icodnen, ra sWirdebaT
bavSvebs aRzrda-ganviTarebisTvis. isini eqspertebi arian sakuTari cxovrebis sakiTxebSi!
auxseniT, rom bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia arsebobs imisTvis, rom xeli Seuwyos bavSvis uflebebis
ganxorcielebas, daicvas bavSvebi, uzrunvelyos bavSvebi am uflebebiT, uzrunvelyos, agreTve,
bavSvebis srulfasovani monawileoba garemomcvel samyaroSi.
* es savarjiSo bavSvis uflebebis gacnobis saukeTeso SesaZleblobaa da igi amyarebs

mZlavr kavSirs saWiroebebsa da uflebebs Soris. mas pirdapir mivyavarT sxva iseT savarjiSosTan,
rogoric aris ùflebebis moZravi konstruqcia~, gv. 169, romelSic bavSvis uflebebi ufro
vrclad Seiswavleba.
* vinaidan am savarjiSosTvis kiTxvis unar-Cvevebi ar aris saWiro, misi Catareba mcirewlovan

bavSvebTanac SeiZleba. Tumca maT martivi sityvebiT unda auxsnaT ùflebis~ mniSvneloba. bavSvis
uflebaTa konvenciis gacnoba mogvianebiT SeiZleba.
* SegiZliaT `kurdReli~ nebismieri sxva saxlis cxoveliT SecvaloT.
* sxvadasxva varianti: Tu Sesaferisi iqneba jgufisTvis, savarjiSo SeiZleba daasruloT
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis xmamaRla wakiTxviT, sadac TiTo bavSvi konvenciis TiTo muxls
waikiTxavs.
* adaptacia SedarebiT mozrdili bavSvebisTvis: bavSvebis mier Sedgenili uflebaTa
CamonaTvalisa da bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Sedarebisas bavSvebma imsjelon imaze, Tu ra
gamotoves Semdegi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT:
* aris Tu ara sxva saWiroebebi da uflebebi bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi, romlebic ar
yofila Tqvens CamonaTvalSi?
* rogor fiqrobT, ratom aris isini bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi?
* ratom SeiZleboda gefiqraT am saWiroebebsa da uflebebze?
cxrilis nimuSi
kurdReli bavSvebi
125
21. msoflios bavSvTa sazafxulo banaki
Cemi sayvareli saqme Cemi sayvareli
adamianebis amorCevaa!
Temebi: diskriminacia, adamianis zogadi uflebebi
sirTulis done: me-2-me-3
asaki: 8-13 weli
jgufis sidide: maqsimum 20 bavSvi
savarjiSos tipi: prioritetebis dadgena, diskusia
savarjiSos siidan bavSvebi arCeven `karvis megobrebs“ da saubroben

aRwera: imaze, Tu ris safuZvelze gaakeTes esa Tu is arCevani
miznebi: x stereotipebis da winaswari ganwyobis ganxilva

da imis dadgena, Tu ra udevs maT safuZvlad
x Tanasworobis da diskriminaciis
dauSveblobis popularizeba
momzadeba: x mocemuli siidan amoarCieT 12 bavSvi,

romelic banakSi icxovrebs, an SeadgineT banakis
wevrTa sia, romelic Tqvens jgufs miesadageba.
erTi bavSvi mainc unda iyos gamogonili adgilidan
x varianti: CamowereT sia dafaze
x yoveli bavSvisTvis gadaiReT am savarjiSos
aslebi, sadac aRwerili iqneba banaki, davaleba
da banakis 12 wevri
masalebi: x savarjiSos asli da fanqari TiToeuli bavSvisTvis

x furceli da markeri yoveli jgufisTvis
miTiTebebi
1. mieciT TiToeul bavSvs savarjiSos asli da fanqari. aRwereT scenari da instruqciebi

sailustracio furcelze. xmamaRla waikiTxeT TiToeuli wevris aRweriloba.
2. sTxoveT bavSvebs, imuSaon saTiTaod da airCion sxva sami wevri, romlebTan erTadac
icxovrebdnen karavSi. am dros aravin unda saubrobdes.
3. rodesac SerCevis process yvela daasrulebs, dayaviT bavSvebi sam an xuTkacian jgufebad
da auxseniT maT davaleba:
a. banakis nawilSi oTxi karavia. TiTo karavSi oTxi adamiani eteva. Tqvens
jgufSi sami wevria, xolo TiToeul Tqvengans sami kaci hyavs siaSi, ase rom sul
16 kaci unda iyos. Tqvens jgufSi moiTaTbireT da gadawyviteT, vin icxovrebs
erTad karvebSi. daxateT oTxi karavi da TiToeul maTgans im bavSvebis saxelebi
daawereT, vinc iq icxovrebs; Semdeg miakariT furclebi dafaze.
b. Tu gyavT 16 adamianze meti, jgufma unda gadawyvitos vin amoiRos siidan. Tu
jgufis erT wevrze meti SearCevs erTidaimave bavSvs, romelTanac eqneba karavSi
erTad cxovrebis survili, jgufma unda SearCios kidev erTi
adamiani siidan.
4. mieciT bavSvebs dro, rom sxva jgufebis karvebis
wyaro: adaptire- sqemas Sexedon. Semdeg xmamaRla waikiTxeT banakis wevrTa sia
buli varianti sgan- da gamoarkvieT, romel karavSi gaanawila es wevri jgufma. es
manaTleblo kom- miscems bavSvebs saSualebas, naxon, kidev vin airCia maT mier
pleqtidan Euro-rail a arCeuli wevri.
la carte, kampaniisTvis
`yvela gansxvavebulia,
magram Tanasworia“,
evropis sabWo, 1995 w.
126
1. ganixileT savarjiSos Sedegebi:

a. rTuli iyo sami bavSvis SerCeva Tqvens karavSi dasabinaveblad? ratom?
ratom ara?
b. iyo Tu ara erTi da igive bavSvi bevrjer SerCeuli? ratom?
g. iyo vinme iseTi, vinc aravin SearCia? ratom?
d. rogor SearCie bavSvi im adgilidan, romelic arasdros gagigia?
2. ras grZnobT savarjiSos Semdeg?
a. iyo raime sasacilo jgufSi ganxilvisas?
b. rTuli iyo Tanxmobis miRweva jgufSi?
g. vin aris kmayofili saboloo SedegiT da vin ara?
d. raime axali xom ar gaigeT sakuTri Tavis Sesaxeb? imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor
akeTeben adamianebi arCevans?
3. Seadare es savarjiSo cxovrebiseul situacias:
a. realisturi iyo es situacia?
b. sxva situacia xom ar gagondeba, sadac unda airCio, visTan erTad iyo?
g. rogor grZnob Tavs arCevanis gakeTebisas?
d. ras ganicdi, rodesac realur cxovrebaSi girCeven? roca ar girCeven?
e. romeli cxovrebiseuli arCevani hgavs savarjiSoSi mocemuls?
v. yvela bavSvs aqvs arCevanis ufleba? ufleba, rom iyos arCeuli?
4. isaubreT imaze, Tu rogor gveqmneba azri sxvaTa Sesaxeb, imaTzec, visac arasdros
SevxvedrivarT:
a. ra aris yvela bavSvisTvis saerTo? riT arian isini gansxvavebulebi?
b. rogor geqmnebaT azri im bavSvebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac arasdros SexvedrixarT?
g. rogor igebT, Tu saidan arian isini warmoSobiT?
d. arian adamianebi, romlebsac stereotipuli damokidebuleba aqvT Tqvens mimarT?
bavSvebis mimarT?
e. Tqven TviTon gaqvT stereotipuli damokidebuleba sxva adamianebis mimarT?
v. ra unda vqnaT imisTvis, rom aviridoT usamarTlo damokidebuleba adamianebis
mimarT, romelic stereotips emyareba?
z. ratom iwvevs stereotipebi diskriminacias?
* savarjiSoSi `Zvirfasi dRiuri“, gv. 190, erTsa da imave dRes miRebuli STabeWdilebebia
dapirispirebuli.
* savarjiSoSi `zabderfilio“, gv. 90, laparakia ucnobis SiSze da amis Sedegebze.
* savarjiSoebSi `Tvalaxveuli“, gv. 104 da `TamaSebi suraTebiT“, gv. 96 , sxvadasxva
stereotipebia ganxiluli.
* Semdeg jerze, rodesac jgufs partniorebis an jgufis SerCeva mouwevs, SeaxseneT bavSvebs
es savarjiSo da is, rac arCevis Sesaxeb iswavles.
* Tqven TviTon gaukeTeT organizeba sazafxulo banaks: evropuli dafinansebis wyalobiT
am tipis banakebi ukve arsebobs. 13 welze ufrosi mozardebisTvis SegiZliaT mimarToT
evrokavSiris mier dafinansebul programas Youth in Action.
* sifrTxilea saWiro, rom ar moxdes stereotipebis gamyareba, rac ewinaaRmdegeba am

savarjiSos mizans.
* umjobesi iqneba, rom jgufSi bavSvebis raodenoba oTxs ar aRematebodes. am oTxidan
TiToeuli samkacian sias Seadgens. Tumca savarjiSo Sedegiani iqneba nebismieri patara
jgufisTvis, romelic Semdeg gamarTavs molaparakebas siidan banakis wevrTa amoRebis an
damatebis Sesaxeb, ise, rom sabolood 16 bavSvi gamovides.
* frTxilad moaxdineT banakis wevrTa siis adaptireba ise, rom Tqvens mier dasmuli
sganmanaTleblo amocana Sesruldes. unda uzrunvelyoT, rom jgufidan arcerTi bavSvi ar
hgavdes banakis wevrs. umcrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis gaamartiveT aRweriloba, gansakuTrebiT
127
warmomavloba. Tumca datoveT erTi wevri gamogonili adgilidan, rom bavSvebma miiRon
gadawyvetileba winaswari informaciis/codnis gareSe.
* Tuki sazafxulo banaki da karavSi erTad cxovreba ararealuria am bavSvebisTvis, airCieT
sxva msgavsi situacia (magaliTad, erT merxze jdoma, oTaxi saerTo sacxovrebelSi an saerTo
saZinebeli).
* Tavidan aicileT pasuxebi kiTxvebze banakis wevrTa siis Sesaxeb. auxseniT, rom bavSebma
gadawyvetileba mxolod siis safuZvelze unda miiRon.
* zogierTma bavSvma SesaZloa ver SeZlos SerCeva da Tqvas, rom maTTvis sulerTia, visTan
erTad iqnebian karavSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi sTxoveT maT, Tqvan, Tu visTan erTad ar undaT karavSi
yofna. Sedegebis Sedareba aseT SemTxvevaSic SesaZlebelia.
* jgufis zogierTma wevrma SesaZloa sxvebTan erTad moindomos karavSi yofna da ùcxoebis“
sxva karvebSi ganawileba. ar CaerioT, radgan Sedegebi Zalze saintereso iqneba. bavSvebs ar unda
darCeT STabeWdileba, TiTqos Tavisnairi adamianebis SerCevis survili cudia. yvela arCevani
diskriminacias ar niSnavs.
* am savarjiSos Sesamokleblad:
aRwereT patara karvebi, rom bavSvebs mxolod erTi an ori kompanionis arCeva mouwioT
SeamcireT asarCevTa saerTo sia
gamotoveT muSaoba mcirericxovan jgufebSi – punqti 3
mcirericxovan jgufebSi gadawyvetilebis miRebis gasaadvileblad SeadgineT banakis im
wevrTa sia, romlebsac jgufis wevrebi airCeven. Semdeg yoveli bavSvi rigrigobiT irCevs erT
mogzaurs, sanam yvela mogzauri ar ganawildeba
* umcrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis:

savarjiSos Sesamokleblad gamoiyeneT zemoT moyvanili rCevebi
gaamartiveT mogzaurTa aRweriloba da miusadageT is umcrosi asakis bavSvTa
gamocdilebas (magaliTad, monRoleTi an kun fu-s maisuri SesaZloa maT ar icodnen)
128
dasarigebeli masala: savarjiSo
msoflios bavSvTa sazafxulo banaki
msoflios yvela qveynis bavSvebTan erTad sul axlaxans CaxvediT `msoflios bavSvTa
sazafxulo banakSi“. erTmaneTs aravin ar icnobs. banakis xelmZRvanelebma gadawyites,
mogcen ufleba, airCioT, Tu visTan erTad gindaT karavSi yofna momdevno ori kviris
ganmavlobaSi. TiToeul karavSi oTxi bavSvi eteva, erT-erTi aqedan Tqven xarT. unda
airCioT danarCeni sami.
banakis bavSvebi
am siidan airCieT 3 bavSvi, romlebTan erTad iqnebiT karavSi, da CawereT qvemoT
1.-----------------------------------------------
2.-----------------------------------------------
3.-----------------------------------------------
1. bavSvi motexili fexiT da yavarjnebiT
2. boSa bavSvi oqros sayureebiT Tqveni qveynidan
3. avstralieli bavSvi wiTeli TmiT da bevri WorfliT
4. iaponeli bavSvi, romelsac kun fu-s maisuri acvia
5. msuqani amerikeli bavSvi
6. morcxvi transmarinieli bavSvi
7. emigranti bavSvi afrikidan
8. usinaTlo bavSvi, romelsac megzuri ZaRli axlavs
9. muwukebiani bavSvi, romelsac sqelSuSebiani saTvale ukeTia
10. bavSvi didi britaneTidan, romelsac skolis forma acvia
11. Turqi bavSvi germaniidan Calurjebuli TvaliT, romelsac acvia maisuri Tavis
qalis gamosaxulebiT
12. erovnul tansacmelSi Cacmuli bavSvi laTinuri amerikidan
13. bavSvi, romelic Jestebis enaze urTierTobs
14. bavSvi monRoleTidan, romelsac grZeli Savi Tma aqvs
15. bavSvi Tqveni qveynidan, romelic arc ise Wkviani Cans
16. palestineli bavSvi, romelsac erTi xeli aqvs
17. qeraTmiani bavSvi, romelsac Zalian wesieri metyveleba aqvs
18. bavSvi, romelsac mudmivad aslokinebs
19. bavSvi, romelsac Tqvennairi pijaki acvia
20. bavSvi, romelic sul MP3 usmens
129
22. ra iqneba ...
dedamiwa rom brtyeli iyos?
Temebi: adamianis zogadi uflebebi, ganaTleba da

Tavisufali dro, siRaribe da socialuri dacva
sirTulis done: me-3
asaki: 8-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: analizi, sketCis gaTamaSeba, diskusia
savarjiSos bavSvebma unda warmoidginon is Sedegebi, romlebic

aRwera: konkretul situacias SeiZleba mohyves, da Semdeg
gaiTamaSon es Sedegebi
miznebi: x uflebebis mniSvnelobis da maTi

urTierTdamokidebulebis ganxilva
x uflebebis ganxilva yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi
momzadeba: x SearCieT situaciebi da moaxdineT maTi

adaptireba ise, rom bavSvebis
gamocdilebas miesadagebodes
x gadaiReT asli da gamoWeriT baraTebi
situaciebis aRweriT
x gadaiReT `Sedegebis kaskadis“ aslebi
masalebi: x baraTebi situaciebis aRweriT

x furclebi da kalmistrebi
x `Sedegebis kaskadis“ aslebi
miTiTebebi
1. savarjiSos dasawyisSive auxseniT bavSvebs, rom yvelam unda scados da warmoidginos is,
Tu `ra iqneba...“. situacia, romelsac warmovidgenT, SeiZleba kargic iyos (magaliTad, `ra iqneba,
omebi rom aRar iyos? “) da cudic (magaliTad, `ra iqneba, Cems qveyanaSi rom omi daiwyos?“). am
savarjiSoSi bavSvebs unda SesTavazoT situacia da hkiTxoT, ra gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos man
adamianebis cxovrebaze;
2. gaacaniT bavSvebs `Sedegebis kaskadi“ da axseniT, rogor SeiZleba erTma situciam
gamoiwvios Sedegebis jaWvi; gamoiyeneT martivi da nacnobi situacia (magaliTad, ra iqneba,
skolaSi wasvlis ufleba rom ar moecaT? >kiTxvas ver iswavlidi > ver SeZlebdi dawerili
miTiTebebis wakiTxvas, rukis wakiTxvas, werilis daweras, kompiuteris xmarebas);
3. dayaviT bavSvebi mcirericxovan jgufebad. daurigeT TiToeul jgufs baraTebi situaciis
aRweriT, dasarigebeli masala `Sedegebis kaskadi“ da kalmistrebi. sTxoveT, erTad Seavson
`Sedegebis kaskadi“;
4. mas Semdeg, rac bavSvebi `Sedegebis kaskads“ Seavseben, auxseniT, rom unda gaiTamaSon
sketCi, romelSic maT mier warmodgenili situaciis Sedegebi iqneba warmoCenili. mieciT bavSvebs
dro prezentaciebis mosamzadeblad;
5. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs, rigrigobiT waikiTxon maT mier momzadebuli situaciebi da
gaiTamaSon isini;
6. yoveli prezentaciis Semdeg dasviT kiTxvebi da gaakeTeT komentarebi. dausviT bavSvebs
Semdegi kiTxvebi:
a. sxva ra Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyoloda am situacias?

b. adamianis romel uflebebs asaxavs es situacia? xdeba romelime uflebis
darRveva? romelime uflebis dacva an popularizeba?
g. sxva uflebebs xom ar moicavs es situacia?
130

a. rogori ganwyoba gaqvT am savarjiSos mimarT?
b. rTuli iyo mocemuli situaciis warmodgena?
g. rTuli iyo im Sedegebis mofiqreba, romlebic SesaZloa am situaciebs
mohyoloda?
d. rogor fiqrobT, realisturia es situaciebi? ratom ki an ratom ara?
e. gjeraT, rom aseTi movlenebi msoflioSi arsebobs?
v. rogor moiqceodiT am situaciaSi?
z. ras izamdiT am situaciis Sesacvlelad?
a. rogor gavlenas axdens erTi uflebis darRveva danarCen uflebebze?
warmodgenili prezentaciebidan xom ver moiyvanT magaliTs?
b. rogor gavlenas axdens erTi uflebis dacva da xelSewyoba sxva uflebebze?
warmodgenili prezentaciebidan xom ver moiyvanT magaliTs?
g. ratom gvWirdeba adamianis yvela ufleba?
* savarjiSoebSi `gemiT mgzavroba axali kontinentisken~, gv. 74, da ùmniSvnelovanesi

visTvis?“, gv. 162, aseve ganxilulia uflebebis urTierTdamokidebuleba.
* savarjiSo `codnis moculoba~, gv. 187, sTxovs bavSvebs, ifiqron, Tu ra Sedegi moaqvs
bavSvebisTvis codnis miRebis saSualebis SezRudvas.
savarjiSo `konstitucia Cveni jgufisTvis“, gv. 120, sTxovs bavSvebs, monawileoba miiRon
im uflebrivi garemos gaumjobesebaSi, romelSic isini cxovroben. jgufisTvis miRebuli
konstitucia adasturebs, Tu ra mravalmxrivi Sedegi SeiZleba moitanos uflebrivi garemos
gaumjobesebam realur cxovrebaSi.
* am savarjiSos efeqtianoba mravalwiladaa damokidebuli imaze, Tu ra tipis situaciebs

SevTavazebT bavSvebs. moaxdineT situaciebis adaptireba an moigoneT axali situaciebi, romlebic
bavSvebis gamocdilebas da interess eyrdnoba. situaciebi SeiZleba Seexebodes adamianis zogad
uflebebs an erT romelime uflebas. magaliTad, SeiZleba moifiqroT situaciebi, romlebic exeba
mxolod socialur da ekonomikur uflebebs an iseT specifikur Temebs, rogoricaa genderuli
Tanasworoba an garemos dacva. ecadeT, CarToT rogorc pozitiuri situaciebi (magaliTad, ra
iqneba, kacebi da qalebi rom erTnair gasamrjelos iRebdnen? ra iqneba, Cvens qalaqSi rom nagvis
gadamuSava daiwyon da amiT nagvis raodenoba Semcirdes?), ise negatiuri situaciebi (magaliTad,
ra iqneba, marto mamakacebs rom hqondeT uZravi qoneba? ra iqneba, Cvens qalaqSi yvela mozrdils
rom piradi manqana hqondes?)
* moamzadeT magaliTebi amJamindeli an warsulSi momxdari movlenebis Sesaxeb da mouyeviT
bavSvebs (magaliTad, qalebs ara aqvT uZravi qonebis flobis an skolaSi siarulis ufleba; biWebi
da gogonebi iZulebiT midian samxedro samsaxurSi).
sxvadasxva varianti
* mieciT erTi da igive situacia bavSvebis ramdenime an yvela jgufs. SeadareT erTmaneTs
maTi mosazrebebi Sedegebis Sesaxeb.
* dayaviT bavSvebi erTi sqesis jgufebad da SeadareT maT mier mocemuli sxvadasxva pasuxebi
genderTan dakavSirebuli imave situaciebis Sesaxeb.
* drois dasazogad gamotoveT sketCebis gaTamaSeba an warmoadgineT situaciebi mimikis an
`gayinuli pozebis“ saSualebiT.
131
* mcire asakis bavSvebisTvis: gamotoveT `Sedegebis kaskadi“ da pirdapir prezentaciebze

gadadiT. mcire asakis bavSvebs SeiZleba gauWirdeT uflebebis urTierTdamokidebulebis aRqma,
ase rom yuradReba miaqcieT yvela uflebiT sargeblobis mniSvnelobas.
* ufrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis: sTxoveT bavSvebs, miusadagon prezentaciebi gaero-s
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracias da/an bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias.
dasarigebeli masala: Sedegebis kaskadi
situacia
Se
gi
de
de
gi
Se
Sedegi
Sedegi
gi
Sede
Sede
Sedegi
Sedegi
gi
Sedegi
132
dasarigebeli masala: situaciebi
qvemoT moyvanilia situaciebi, romlebic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT. ecadeT, is situacia
SearCioT, romelic Tqvens jgufs miesadageba, an axali situacia moifiqreT. orive tipis
situacia gamoiyeneT – pozitiuric da negatiuric.
situacia 1
mTavrobam gadawyvita, daxuros yvela skola da umaRlesi saswavlebeli. xvalidan skolaSi
siarulis nacvlad bavSvebs SeuZliaT rac undaT, is akeTon.
ra uaxloesi Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves am situacias? ra gavlenas moaxdens is momavalze?
situacia 2
fulis dazogvis mizniT mTavrobam gadawyvita, daxuros yvela saavadmyofo. aRar iqnebian
eqimebi da aRar imuSaveben afTiaqebi. amis sanacvlod mosaxleobas SesTavazeben iaf wignebs
balaxebiT mkurnalobis Sesaxeb.
situacia 3
mTavrobam gadawyvita, akrZalos TamaSi quCaSi, parkSi, skolaSi da yvelgan, sadac adamianebs
SeuZliaT dainaxon, rom viRac TamaSobs. saTamaSos yvela maRazia daiketeba da veravin SeZlebs
maT gayidvas. visac TamaSisas waaswreben, gaasamarTleben da daapatimreben.
situacia 4
mTavrobam gadawyvita, rom xvalidan mxolod gogonebs eZlevaT ufleba, iaron skolaSi da
iTamaSon Tavisufal dros, yvela biWma ki qarxanaSi unda daiwyos muSaoba.
situacia 5
mTavrobam gadawyvita, rom xvalidan ikrZaleba orze meti adamianis Sekreba. am wesis damr-
Rvevs patimroba emuqreba.
ra uaxloesi Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves am situacias? ra Sedegs moitans is?
133
dasarigebeli masala: situaciebi
situacia 6
mTavrobam gadawyvita, rom yvela skolas unda hqondes kompiuterebis oTaxi, rom yvela
bavSvma SeZlos kompiuteris gamoyeneba kviraSi sul mcire sami saaTi.
ra uaxloesi Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves am situacias? ra Sedegs moitans is samomavlod?
situacia 7
mTavrobam gadawyvita, Seqmnas axalgazrduli sabWo, romelic konsultirebas gauwevs
saxelmwifo sabWos bavSvebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze.
situacia 8
mTavrobam gadawyvita, rom saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis gasaumjobeseblad camet wlamde
asakis yvela bavSvs evropis sxva qveynebSi wasvlis saSualeba unda hqondes.
situacia 9
mTavrobam gadawyvita, rom unarSezRudulma bavSvebma rac SeiZleba ufro meti monawileo-
ba unda miiRon sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. maTTvis yovelgvari SezRudvebi unda moixsnas da
bavSvebs yvelanairi daxmareba unda gaewios – savarZlebiT, smenis aparatebiT, brailis Srift-
iani wignebiT da kompiuterebiT. unarSezRuduli bavSvebi skolaSi yvela sxva bavSvTan erTad
unda swavlobdnen.
situacia 10
mTavrobam gadawyvita, rom xvalidan yvela bavSvi, romelic erT tests mainc ver Caabarebs,
skolidan gairicxeba. mxolod is bavSvebi gaagrZeleben swavlas, vinc tests yovelTvis abarebs.
134
23. ra mSvenieria samyaro
rogor gindaT icxovroT?
Temebi: diskriminacia, garemo, siRaribe da socialuri gariyva
asaki: 8-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: xatva, diskusia
savarjiSos bavSvebi gansxvavebul naxatebs xataven da am

aRwera: naxatebSi im garemos aRweren, sadac maT surT an ar
surT cxovreba. isini ganixilaven, Tu ra faqtorebi
ganapirobebs am sxvaobas da garemoze gavlenis
moxdenis xerxebs
miznebi: x garemoSi arsebuli konkretuli da abstraqtuli

faqtorebis ganxilva
x sakuTari da sxvebis garemos Sefaseba
x sakuTari da sxvebis garemos dacvis an
Secvlis gzebis ganxilva
momzadeba: x moamzadeT gasaferadebeli masala

x gadaiReT dasarigebeli masala yvela bavSvisTvis
masalebi: x furclebi
x gasaferadebeli saSualebebi, mag. saRebavebi,
markerebi, cvilis fanqrebi da fanqrebi
x qinZisTavebi an webovani lenti naxatebis
dasakideblad
miTiTebebi
* daawyveT yvela feris gasaferadebeli masala da sTxoveT bavSvebs, dafiqrdnen, Tu ra

tipis realur Tu warmosaxviT garemoSi surT maT cxovreba. sTxoveT, daxaton maTTvis sasurveli
garemo.
* sTxoveT bavSvebs, dafiqrdnen, Tu ra garemoSi ar surT cxovreba da daxaton is.
* rodesac bavSvebi xatvas daamTavreben, dakideT naxatebi da sTxoveT, daaTvalieron es
patara gamofena.

a. ioli iyo or sxvadasxva garemoze fiqri?
b. romeli naxati an garemo mogwonT yvelaze metad? ratom?
g. romeli naxati an garemo mogwonT yvelaze naklebad? ratom?
d. Tqvens mier daxatul garemoSi rom adamianebi cxovrobdnen,
rogor igrZnoben Tavs?
e. romeli naxati Seesabameba Tqvens namdvil garemos?
a. garemo ufro metia, vidre ubralod fizikuri adgili Tqvens garSemo. kidev ra
faqtorebi ganapirobebs dadebiT an uaryofiT garemos? gaiTvaliswineT iseTi
faqtorebi, rogoricaa SesaZleblobebi, Zaladobis dauSvebloba,
diskriminaciis dauSvebloba, Tavisufleba da adamianis uflebebi.
135
b. ra gavlenas axdens Cvenze fizikuri garemo? ra gavlenas axdens Cvenze uflebrivi
garemo?
g. rogoria is uflebrivi garemo, romelSic cxovrobT?
d. ras SecvlidiT Tqvens garSemo arsebul fizikur garemoSi? uflebriv garemoSi?
e. risi gakeTeba SegiZliaT imisTvis, rom garemo, romelSic cxovrobT, iseTi
gaxdes, rogorc Tqvens mier daxatul naxatzea asaxuli?
v. msoflios yvela bavSvi Tanabar garemoSi cxovrobs?
z. gvaqvs karg garemoSi cxovrebis ufleba?
T. rogor fiqrobT, unda gvqondes karg garemoSi cxovrebis ufleba?
i. ra unda vqnaT imisTvis, rom xeli SevuwyoT kargi garemos Seqmnas yvela
bavSvisTvis?
* savarjiSoebi `kompasitos~ reportiori“, gv. 117, da `wylis wveTebi“gv. 194 sTxovs bavSvebs,
Seafason TavianTi garemo.
* savarjiSoSi `Zvirfasi dRiuri“, gv. 190, bavSvebs SesaZlebloba aqvT, erTi da igive
gamocdileba sxvadasxva kuTxiT dainaxon.
* gaiseirneT Tqvens ubanSi da gaesaubreT bavSvebs iq arsebuli garemos Sesaxeb – ra

moswonT da ra ar moswonT. daexmareT bavSvebs cvlilebebis Sesaxeb konkretuli winadadebebis
SemuSavebaSi. moiwvieT municipalitetis (adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis) warmomadgenlebi, maTTan
erTad ganixileT es winadadebebi da gamodiT cvlilebebis Setanis iniciativiT.
* bavSvebis mosazrebebis ufrosebisTvis gasacnobad moawyveT garemos Sesaxeb maTi
naxatebisa da ideebis gamofena.
* gamoiyeneT bavSvebis ideebi maT garSemo arsebuli garemos Sesacvlelad. risi gakeTeba
SeuZliaT maT garemos gasaumjobeseblad?
* ecadeT, moiZioT iseTi mimdinare proeqtebi, romlebSic bavSvebic SeZleben monawileobas
da daexmarebian sxva, ufro naklebad uzrunvelyofili regionebis bavSvebs. ufrosi asakis
bavSvebma SesaZloa TavianTi iniciativebic wamoayenon.
* daexmareT bavSvebs imis gagebaSi, rom garemo konkretuli fizikuri da abstraqtuli

faqtorebisgan iqmneba, rogoricaa, magaliTad, uflebebis da Tavisuflebebis xarisxi; xazi
gausviT imas, rom karg garemos orive faqtoris arseboba ganapirobebs. umcrosi asakis bavSvebs
SesaZloa gauWirdeT garemos abstraqtuli cnebis gageba.
* savarjiSos dawyebamde naTlad gansazRvreT, garemos romel aspeqtze gsurT yuradRebis
gamaxvileba. garemoze zogadi saubari, mis konkretul Semadgenlebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebis
gareSe, Zalian vrceli da abstraqtuli iqneba.
sxvadasxva varianti
* gamoiyeneT sxvadasxva gasaferadebeli saSualeba erTi da imave naxatisTvis. magaliTad,:

cvilis fanqrebi, saRebavi, qaRaldis mozaika.
136
dasarigebeli masala
137
24. risi keTeba momwons da ras vakeTeb
es ori ram xSirad erTmaneTs ar emTxveva!
Temebi: diskriminacia, ojaxi, genderuli Tanasworoba
sirTulis done: me-2
asaki: 8-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: survilebis gamoxatva, diskusia
savarjiSos bavSvebi yvebian, Tu ras akeTeben, ras ar akeTeben an ras

aRwera: gaakeTebdnen iseTs, rac maTi sqesisTvis `Sesaferisad“ an
`Seuferebladaa“ miCneuli. Semdeg bavSvebi genderul stereotipebs
ganixilaven da maT adamianis uflebebs ukavSireben
miznebi: x sakuTar da sxvis SesaZleblobebsa da codnaSi garkveva

x genderuli stereotipebis mniSvnelobis gaTviTcnobiereba
momzadeba: x ar aris savaldebulo: amobeWdeT kiTxvaris aslebi
masalebi: x furclebi da kalmistrebi

x Sexedulebisamebr: kiTxvaris aslebi
miTiTebebi
1. gaacaniT bavSvebs genderis cneba Semdegi kiTxvebis saSualebiT: gaixseneT iseTi qceva
(an saqmianoba), romelic mxolod `gogonebis“ an mxolod `biWebis“ qcevad (an saqmianobad) aris
miCneuli. sTxoveT bavSvebs, moiyvanon magaliTebi.
2. daurigeT bavSebs furclebi da kalmistrebi da sTxoveT, daweron Semdegi:
a. furclis TavSi aRniSne, gogona xar Tu biWi.
b. daasaxele oTxi iseTi ram, rasac akeTeb da risi gakeTebac mogwons da es Seni
sqesisTvis Sesaferisadaa miCneuli.
g. daasaxele oTxi iseTi ram, rac mogwons da rasac akeTeb, magram es ar aris Seni
sqesisTvis Sesaferisad miCneuli.
d. daasaxele oTxi iseTi ram, rac ar mogwons da rasac ar akeTeb, magram es mxolod
Seni sapirispiro sqesisTvis Sesaferisadaa miCneuli.
e. daasaxele oTxi iseTi ram, rasac ar akeTeb da risi gakeTebac Zalian mogwons,
Tumca es Seni sapirispiro sqesisTvis Sesaferisadaa miCneuli.
3. sTxoveT bavSvebs, waikiTxon TavianTi pasuxebi TiToeulkiTxvaze da CawereT isini Semdeg
sqemaSi:
momwons da vakeTeb vakeTeb, magram arc vakeTeb da minda rom

ar vakeTeb ar momwons arc momwons vakeTebde
gogonebi
biWebi

a. xom ar gagakvirvaT iman, Tu risi gakeTeba mowonT an ar mowonT adamianebs?
b. daakvirdiT savarjiSoTa im nusxas, risi gakeTebis survili bavSvebs ar aqvT.
raime saerTo princips xom ar xedavT?
g. ra mosdis gogonas, romelic `biWis“ saqmeebs akeTebs? ra mosdis biWs, romelic
`gogos“ saqmeebs akeTebs? ratom xdeba es?
d. rogor upasuxebdnen Tqvens ojaxSi mcxovrebi ufrosebi zemoT mocemul
oTxkiTxvas?
138
e. Tqveni ojaxis wevrebi erTi azris arian kacis (biWis) da qalis (gogonas)
`Sesaferis“ saqmianobaze?
v. saidan gveqmneba azri imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra Seefereba kacs (biWs) da ra Seefereba
qals (gogonas)?
a. ra gavlenas axdens biWebis da gogonebis saqmianobis SezRudva maTze? ra gavlena
SeiZleba moaxdinos aseTma SezRudvam ojaxze? sazogadoebaze?
b. Tqveni azriT, icvleba Tu ara genderuli rolebi (an stereotipebi)?
Tuki icvleba, rogor?
g. odesme Tu dapirispirebixarT genderul stereotipebs? ra Sedegi miiReT?
d. rogor zRudaven genderuli rolebi/stereotipebi adamianis uflebebs?
e. ra unda vqnaT, rom SevcvaloT damokidebuleba genderuli rolebis mimarT
Cvens jgufSi?
* genderuli rolebi/stereotipebi ganxilulia, agreTve, savarjiSoebSi ìyo da ara iyo

ra“, gv. 112, da `biWebi ar tirian“, gv. 63.
* savarjiSoSi `sityvebi, romlebic guls gvtkens“, gv. 159, ganxilulia gulsatkeni da
Seuracxmyofeli gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic genderul Taviseburebebzea damyarebuli.
* bavSvebTan erTad ganixileT Temebi, romlebic maT daasaxeles kategoriaSi àr vakeTeb,
magram siamovnebiT gavakeTebdi.“ daexmareT bavSvebs, ganaxorcielon sasurveli saqmianoba,
Tundac jgufis farglebSi.
* xeli SeuwyveT bavSvebs, rom `sqesisTvis Sesaferisi saqmianobisas“ (magaliTad, lamazi

tansacmlis siyvaruli, Woraoba, yvelaferze tirili, ucenzuro gamoTqmebis xmareba, Cxubi)
gaiTvaliswinon qceva da garegnoba.
* alternatiuli varianti: zogierT bavSvs SesaZloa erideba an rcxvenia imis aRiareba, rom
misi sqesisTvis ,,Seuferebeli” saqcielis Cadena surs. am uxerxulobis Tavidan asacileblad
SegiZliaT: 1) SeagrovoT qaRaldis baraTebi, gadaurioT erTmaneTSi da sTxovoT bavSvebs,
waikiTxon sxva, ucnobi biWis an gogonas azrebi; 2) dayaviT bavSvebi patara, erTi sqesis jgufebad
da sTxoveT, upasuxon zemoT mocemul kiTxvebs jgufurad; 3) gamoiyeneT kiTxvebi dabeWdili
saxiT.
* Tuki jgufisTvis Sesaferisia, SegiZliaT SemoitanoT sityva `stereotipi“ da isaubroT
mis mniSvnelobaze. sTxoveT bavSvebs, moiyvanon magaliTebi. isaubreT imaze, Tu rogor zRudaven
stereotipebi adamianis uflebebs.
* aratipuri qcevis ganxilvisas, rodesac bavSvebis qceva genderul stereotipebSi ar
jdeba, sTxoveT bavSvebs, dagisaxelon is sityvebi, riTac maT moixsenieben (`Cmori“, `cisferi“).
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25. rogor aviciloT Zaladoba
axla vxedav, risi gakeTeba SemeZlo!
Temebi: Zaladoba
asaki: 7-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: adamianTa fotoebis Seqmna, diskusia
savarjiSos bavSvebi aCveneben konfliqtur situacias an Zaladobas àdamianTa

aRwera: fotos~ meSveobiT da Semdeg aRweren, rogor SeiZleba am situaciis
mogvareba Zaladobis gareSe
miznebi: x Zaladobis ZiriTadi mizezebis Sesaxeb codnis gaRrmaveba

x konfliqtis mogvarebis araZaladobrivi gzebis SemuSaveba
x diskusiis dawyeba Zaladobis mizezebis Sesaxeb
masalebi: ar aris saWiro
miTiTebebi
1. jgufTan erTad ganixileT `Zaladobis~ Tema. ra aris Zaladoba? Zaladobis ra arsebuli

formebi SeuZliaT bavSvebs gaixsenon? daexmareT bavSvebs, gaifarTovon warmodgena Zaladobis
Sesaxeb da gaigon, rom fizikuris garda Zaladoba sityvieri da fsiqologiuric SeiZleba iyos.
2. dayaviT bavSvebi oTx-eqvskacian jgufebad. ganumarteT, rom TiToeulma jgufma 15 wuTis
ganmavlobaSi unda ganixilos Zaladobrivi situaciebi, romlebsac Seswrebian an ganucdiaT
(magaliTad,, skolaSi, ojaxSi, megobrebTan). jgufma ganxiluli situaciebidan erT-erTi unda
SearCios da am situaciaze àdamianTa foto~ Seqmnas da sxvebs aCvenos. es àdamianTa foto~ unda
moicavdes jgufis yvela wevrs da unda iyos `gaSeSebuli~, anu uxmo da uZravi. bavSvebma pozebiT
da saxis gamometyvelebiT unda gamoxaton TavianTi rolebi ,,fotoze” (magaliTad,, msxverplis,
moZaladis an mowmis).
3. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs, warmoadginos Tavisi àdamianTa foto~. sxva jgufebma unda
Tqvan, ras asaxavs ,,fotosuraTi”. ,,fotosuraTis” warmomdgenma jgufma komentarebi ar unda
gaakeTos.
4. mas Semdeg, rac yvela jgufi aCvenebs Tav-Tavis `fotos~, uTxariT maT, isev TavianT
jgufebad daiyon da moifiqron, rogor SeiZleba maT mier warmodgenili situaciis an konfliqtis
mogvareba yovelgvari Zaladobis gareSe. Semdeg jgufebma unda Seqmnan sxva ,,foto”, romliTac
aCveneben, rogor mogvarda situacia.
5. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs, danarCenebs aCvenos `konfliqtis mogvarebis foto~. yoveli
Cvenebis Semdeg gaimarTeba mokle diskusia, romlis drosac jer sxva jgufebi ityvian, ra dainaxes
,,fotosuraTze”, Semdeg ki ,,fotos” warmomdgeni jgufi axsnis, raSi iyo saqme da rogor mogvarda
situacia. sTxoveT bavSvebs, daasaxelon konfliqtis mogvarebis sxva SesaZlo gzebi. sTxoveT,
Seafason mogvarebis es gzebi TavianTi gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT da xazgasmiT aRniSneT,
rom, Cveulebriv, Zaladobis daZlevis erTze meti gza arsebobs.

a. SegiZliaT sakuTari Tavis gaigiveba Zaladobriv situaciaSi àdamianTa
fotosTan~? odesme Tu moxvedrixarT msgavs situaciaSi?
b. Zneli iyo situaciis/konfliqtis araZaladobrivi mogvarebis gzis povna? ratom?
g. rogor moZebneT mogvarebis gza?
d. rogoria àdamianTa fotos~ nawilad yofna?
140
e. ukeT igrZeniT Tavi mogvarebuli situaciis ,,fotos” Cvenebisas? ratom
igrZeniT an ratom ar igrZeniT ukeT Tavi?
v. ra mizezebma SeiZleba gaxados situacia Zaladobrivi an adamiani moZalade?
z. ra gzebi arsebobs imisa, rom rTul situaciebSi Seamciro an Tavidan
aicilo Zaladoba?
T. Zaladobrivi qcevis ra niSnebi arsebobs?
a. arsebobs Tu ara ufleba, romelic adamians Zaladobisgan icavs? adamianis
romeli uflebebi exeba Zaladobis aRmofxvras?
b. ratom aris Zaladobis aRmofxvrasTan dakavSirebuli adamianis uflebebi
Zalian mniSvnelovani?
d. rogor SeiZleba adamianis am uflebebis dacva?
* es savarjiSo Zaladobis Temis jgufuri ganxilvis SesaZleblobebs iZleva. savarjiSo

`Cveni jgufis konstitucia~, gv. 120, bavSvebs sTavazobs, SeimuSaon TavianTi jgufis qcevis
standartebi da iTanamSromlon am standartebis asamoqmedeblad.
* treningi Zaladobis prevenciaSi an agresiis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.
* gaarkvieT, xom ar mimdinareobs Tqvens regionSi raime kampania an aqtivoba Zaladobis
winaaRmdeg.
* organizeba gaukeTeT Tanatolebs Soris informaciis gaziarebas skolebSi Zaladobis
winaaRmdeg brZolis sakiTxze.
* savarjiSo `damkvirveblis nacvlad _ damxmare~, gv. 84, aseve exeba sxvadasxva rols
Zaladobriv qcevaSi. `sityvebi, romlebic guls gvtkens~, gv. 159, sityvier Zaladobas exeba.
* SeqmeniT plakatebi Zaladobaze da Zaladobis aRmofxvraze da gamokideT isini sajaro

adgilebSi. miuTiTeT im dawesebulis telefonis nomeri an misamarTi, romelsac Zaladobis
msxverplma SeuZlia mimarTos.
* dadgiT quCaSi warmodgena, romelSic aCvenebT, Tu rogor SeiZleba konfliqtebis
araZaladobrivi gziT mogvareba.
* didi sifrTxiliT moekideT im bavSvebs, romlebsac ukve gamocdili aqvT Zaladoba.

* bavSvebma SeiZleba `tipiuri~ situacia airCion; ar aris aucilebeli, TavianT Tavze
isaubron, Tu es maT ar surT.
* rodesac gaacnobT savarjiSos, SegiZliaT erT mcirericxovan jgufTan erTad àdamianTa
foto~ warmoadginoT.
* bavSvebs SeiZleba gauWirdeT Zaladobrivi situaciebis mogvarebis realuri gzebis
moZebna, gansakuTrebiT im situaciebisa, romlebSic ufrosebi monawileoben. unda SegeZloT
daxmarebis da dacvis wyaroebis, maT Soris bavSvTa dacvis adgilobrivi organizaciebis
dasaxeleba.
* adaptacia: bavSvebs SeuZliaT namdvili fotoaparatis gamoyeneba, raTa scenebi gadaiRon.
amisTvis dagWirdebaT polaroidis fotoaparati anda nebismieri aparati da fotoprinteri.
Semdeg SegiZliaT oTaxSi CamokidoT fotoebi da miakraT maT lozungebi da ideebi, rogor
aviciloT Tavidan Zaladoba.
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26. sabrZolo mzadyofna
naxevari ufleba sjobia Tu uufleboba?
Temebi : adamianis zogadi uflebebi
sirTulis done : me-2 done
asaki: 8-13 weli
xangrZlivoba: 60 wuTi (naklebi dro ufro mozrdili jgufisTvis)
jgufis sidide: sul mcire 10 bavSvi da 3 wamyvani
savarjiSos tipi: aqtiuri jgufuri TamaSi Ria cis qveS
savarjiSos bavSvebi cdiloben ipovnon uflebis dakarguli naxevari, sanam mas

aRwera: moiparaven
miznebi: x jgufuri dinamikis xelSewyoba

x adamianis uflebebze diskusiisTvis SesaZleblobebis Seqmna
momzadeba: x guldasmiT SeiswavleT TamaSis miTiTebebi da rolebis baraTebi,

raTa kargad gaigoT, Tu rogor warimarTeba savarjiSo. es
kompleqsuri TamaSia, romelSic yvela moTamaSes rTuli roli
aqvs Sesasrulebeli. gaiTvaliswineT, rom am savarjiSosTvis
saWiroa ramdenime wamyvani: 10 moTamaSe bavSvisTvis saWiroa
minimum 3 wamyvani (1 koordinatori, 1 centralur punqtSi da 1
monadire) da 2 baraTis mflobeli adamiani, romlebic SeiZleba
bavSvebma ganasaxieron
x daamzadeT rolebis baraTebis aslebi wamyvanebisaTvis da
yoveli im bavSvisTvis, vinc rols Seasrulebs
x miTiTebebi mieciT wamyvanebs da yvela im bavSvs, vinc rols
Seasrulebs
x gadaiReT uflebaTa 10 baraTis aslebi an dawereT isini
sxvadasxva feris furclebze ise, rom sul 50 baraTi gqondeT. es
raodenoba saWiroa 10-15 bavSviani jgufisTvis. yoveli 5
damatebiTi bavSvis SemTxvevaSi daamateT kidev erTi feri
(magaliTad, 25 bavSvis SemTxvevaSi dagWirdebaT 70 baraTi Svid
ferSi)
x daWeriT uflebebis baraTebi individualuri uflebebis
lentebad
x gaWeriT uflebebis baraTebi orad. dayaviT baraTebis naxevrebi
or kompleqtad. erTi kompleqti mieciT centralur punqtSi
myof adamians, xolo meore alalbedze gaunawileT baraTebis
mflobel adamianebs
x SeamowmeT adgili TamaSisTvis da gansazRvreT saTamaSo moednis
farglebi. gansazRvreT adgilmdebareoba centraluri
punqtisTvis da baraTebis mflobeli adamianebisTvis
masalebi: x Suaze gaWrili uflebebis baraTebis 50-70 lenti sxvadasxva

feris qaRaldebze
x makrateli
x webovani lenti baraTebis misawebeblad
x Wikartebi an webovani lenti gamTlianebuli uflebebis
baraTebis Camosakideblad
x xmovani signali, romliTac amcnoben `sanadiro sezonis~
dawyebas da dasrulebas (magaliTad, sastveni)
x niSnebi, qudebi an sxva ganmasxvavebeli tansacmeli
monadireebisTvis
x rekomendebulia: pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis kompleqti,
boTliT wyali
miTiTebebi
1. SekribeT bavSvebi centralur punqtSi da gaacaniT savarjiSo. sabrZolo mzadyofna
gamocxadebulia da uTxariT maT, rom unda imoqmedon. bavSvis aTi ufleba daikarga da SeiZleba
samudamod gaqres. Tumca moxerxda am 10 uflebis naxevrebis moZebna. bavSvebis amocanaa, ipovnon
meore naxevrebi da srulad aRadginon uflebebi. maT yvela uflebis baraTis gansazRvrul droSi
mogroveba unda SeZlon da ase daamarcxon monadireebi, romlebic saSiSroebas uqmnian bavSvis
uflebebs.
142
2. gansazRvreT TamaSis xangrZlivoba (30 wuTi mcirericxovani jgufisTvis; 20 wuTi 20 an
meti wevrisgan Semdgari jgufisTvis). ganusazRvreT saTamaSo sivrcis farglebi da SeTanxmdiT
xmovan signalze, romliTac TamaSis dawyebasa da dasrulebas SeatyobinebT. uTxariT, rom TamaSs
garedan daakvirdebiT, raTa uzrunvelyoT yvela moTamaSis usafrTxoeba da maT mier wesebis
Sesruleba.
3. wamyvani, romelic centralur punqtSi Tavis rols asrulebs, aZlevs yovel bavSvs baraTis
naxevars, xolo rac darCeba, inaxavs. auxseniT bavSvebs, rom TamaSis mizania maTi baraTis meore
naxevris povna, raTa uflebis baraTi gamTliandes. baraTebis meore naxevrebis aReba SeiZleba
baraTis mflobeli adamianebisgan. es meore naxevari pirvels unda Seesabamebodes rogorc
uflebis nomriT, aseve baraTis feriT.
4. rodesac bavSvebs baraTis orive naxevari eqnebaT, is centralur punqtSi unda miitanon.
5. auxseniT bavSvebs centraluri punqtis funqcia:
a. savarjiSo iwyeba da mTavrdeba centralur punqtSi.
b. rodesac baraTis orive naxevari gaqvT, migaqvT isini centralur punqtSi. iq
myofi adamiani am or naxevars erTmaneTs miawebebs da Camokidebs
gamTlianebul uflebis baraTs.
g. Tqven axali baraTis naxevris arCevas SemogTavazeben.
6. gaacaniT da auxseniT bavSvebs baraTis mflobeli adamianebis roli:
a. baraTis mflobel adamianebs uflebis baraTis dakarguli meore naxevrebi aqvT.
b. isini iqnebian saTamaSo moednis sxvadasxva adgilas, sadac moTamaSeebi
ipovnian maT. baraTis mflobeli adamianebis umetesoba erT adgilas idgeba,
magram, sul cota, erTi baraTis mflobeli adamiani imoZravebs.
g. Tqven mixvalT baraTis mflobel adamianTan da aCvenebT Tqveni baraTis naxevars.
Tu baraTis mflobel adamians Tqveni baraTis meore naxevari aqvs, igi mogcemT mas.
Semdeg Tqven gamTlianebul baraTs miitanT centralur punqtSi, aiRebT sxva
baraTis naxevars da Tavidan SeudgebiT imaves gakeTebas.
d. Tu baraTis mflobel adamians ara aqvs Tqveni baraTis meore naxevari, sxva
baraTis mflobel adamianTan unda mixvideT.
e. sanadiro sezonebis dros erTaderTi usafrTxo adgili baraTis
mflobeli adamianisgan gawvdili xelis sigrZeze daSorebuli adgilia.
7. gaacaniT da auxseniT bavSvebs monadireebis roli da `sanadiro sezonebis~ sistema:
a. sanadiro sezonebis dros monadireebi Tqvens daWeras da uflebebis
warTmevas cdiloben.
b. yoveli daWeris dros monadireebi Tqvens naxevar baraTs kidev Suaze xeven.
gaxeulis erT nawils Tqven gibruneben, meores ki TviTon itoveben da
baraTis mflobel adamianebs aZleven. es niSnavs imas, rom monadireebis mier
yoveli daWeris Semdeg ufro da ufro rTuldeba Tqveni baraTis gamTlianeba,
vinaidan igi ufro mcire nawilebad aris dayofili.
g. sanadiro sezonis dawyebas sastvenis an sayviris erTi CaberviT Segatyobineben,
xolo sanadiro sezonis dasrulebas - ori CaberviT.
d. gaxsovdeT: erTaderTi adgili, sadac monadire ver dagiWerT, is adgilia,
sadac baraTis mflobeli adamianis gawvdili xeli mogwvdebaT.
8. daiwyeT TamaSi. bavSvebi daiwyeben sirbils saTamaSo moedanze, raTa moZebnon baraTis
mflobeli adamianebi da gaamTlianon TavianTi baraTebi.
9. TamaSi daamTavreT maSin, rodesac yvela baraTi gamTliandeba an dro amoiwureba.

a. ra moxda TamaSis dros?
b. romeli momentebi iyo yvelaze amaRelvebeli?
g. gqonda Tu ara konkretuli strategia?
d. kidev rom iTamaSo, Secvlidi rames am TamaSSi?
e. ras fiqrob am savarjiSoze?
2. daukavSireT es savarjiSo adamianis uflebebs Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:
a. ras niSnavs, rodesac vambobT: Cven gvaqvs ùfleba, rom ...~?
b. rogor fiqrob, es uflebebi `sayovelTaoa~? mTels msoflioSi icaven maT?
g. vin SeiZleba iyos `monadire~ da `baraTis mflobeli adamiani~ realur cxovrebaSi?
d. ra SegviZlia gavakeToT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, rom yvela adamiani
uzrunvelyofili iyos erTnairi uflebebiT?
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* savarjiSo ùflebebis moZravi konstruqcia~, gv. 148, fokusirebulia amave aT uflebaze

da akavSirebs maT genderis sakiTxTan. es mSvidi da SemoqmedebiTi savarjiSoa.
* savarjiSo ùmniSvnelovanesi visTvis?~, gv. 118, da `gemiT mgzavroba axali kontinentisken~,
gv. 152, iTxovs bavSvebisgan, gansazRvron prioritetuli uflebebi da xazs usvams uflebebis
sruli speqtris qonis mniSvnelobas.
ganixileT bavSvebTan, Tu romeli uflebebiT sargebloben yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi da

moifiqreT konkretuli qmedebebi maT TemSi am uflebebis gaZlierebisTvis.
* miaqcieT yuradReba, rom am savarjiSos ramdenime wamyvani sWirdeba. minimum erTi

wamyvani TamaSs garedan unda akvirdebodes rogorc koordinatori. baraTis mflobeli
adamianebi SeiZleba wamyvanebic iyvnen da bavSvebic, magram centralur punqtSi myofi adamiani
an monadireebi mxolod wamyvanebi unda iyvnen. rac ufro meti bavSvi monawileobs TamaSSi, miT
ufro meti wamyvania saWiro usafrTxo da Seuferxebeli TamaSisTvis.
* wamyvanebis minimaluri raodenoba bavSvebis mcirericxovani jgufisTvis: 3 wamyvani
(1 koordinatori, 1 centralur punqtSi da 1 monadire) da 2 baraTis mflobeli adamiani.
* wamyvanebis minimaluri raodenoba 20-mde monawilisgan Semdgari jgufisTvis: 4
wamyvani (1 koordinatori, 1 centralur punqtSi da 2 monadire) da 3-4 baraTis mflobeli
adamiani.
* wamyvanebis minimaluri raodenoba 25-mde monawilisgan Semdgari jgufisTvis: 5
wamyvani (1 koordinatori, 1 centralur punqtSi da 3 monadire) da 4-5 baraTis mflobeli
adamiani.
* es savarjiSo yvelaze kargad gareT tardeba (magaliTad,, saTamaSo moedanze, sportul
moedanze, parkSi, tyeSi). SeiZleba misi adaptireba did daxurul sivrceSi Casatarebladac.
* marTalia, es savarjiSo sakmaod usafrTxoa, magram skolis an centrisgan moSorebiT
gareT TamaSisTvis sasurvelia yovelTvis gqondeT pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis kompleqti
da boTliT wyali.
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dasarigebeli masala: rolebis baraTebi
koordinatori wamyvanis roli (1 wamyvani)

Tavdapirvelad Tqven ganmartavT TamaSs da adgenT TamaSis sazRvrebs. aseve, eubnebiT,
ra signals gamoiyenebT TamaSis Sesawyvetad an sgangebo SemTxvevis dros; es signali unda
gansxvavdebodes `sanadiro sezonis~ mauwyebeli signalisgan.
uzrunvelyaviT, rom bavSvebmac da wamyvanebmac gaigon da Seasrulon TavianTi rolebi.
savarjiSos mimdinareobis dros Tqven gaakontrolebT TamaSs, raTa aravin iTamaSos uxeSad
an ar gaakeTos iseTi ram, rac SeiZleba saxifaTo iyos bavSvisTvis. Tu saWiro gaxda, CaerieT
da gaaCereT TamaSi. TqvenTan iqneba pirveladi samedicino daxmarebis kompleqti da boTliT
wyali, raTa saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyenoT.
drois amowurvis Semdeg daasrulebT TamaSs da CaatarebT savarjiSosSemdgom ganxilvas.
centraluri punqtis funqcia (1 wamyvani)

rogorc amas dasaxeleba gulisxmobs, es iqneba centraluri fiqsirebuli adgili.
savarjiSo iwyeba da mTavrdeba am adgilas.
Tqven aZlevT bavSvebs baraTebis naxevrebs da itovebT im darCenil naxevrebs, romlebic
bavSvebisTvis ar migiciaT. baraTis mflobel adamianebs yvela baraTis meore naxevrebi aqvT.
* bavSvi, romelsac uflebis baraTis orive naxevari aqvs, Tqven mogitanT am baraTs.
Semdeg Tqven darCenili baraTebis naxevrebidan bavSvs axal naxevars amoarCevinebT.
* dasrulebuli uflebis baraTis naxevrebi erTmaneTs miamagreT. CamokideT
dasrulebuli baraTebi kedelze an xeze ise, rom bavSvebma advilad dainaxon, rogor midian
win.
* gaiTvaliswineT, rom axali baraTis naxevrebis amorCevasTan erTad bavSvebi sakuTari
strategiebis SemuSavebas iwyeben da baraTebs alalbedze ki aRar irCeven, aramed cdiloben,
ferTa sruli kompleqti Seadginon. am strategiis SemuSavebaSi xeli SeuwyveT, magram ar
ukarnaxoT.
* is bavSvebi, romlebic TamaSidan gamovlen, centralur punqtSi Tqveni movaleobebis
SesrulebaSi daixmareT.
baraTis mflobeli adamianebis roli (2 + bavSvebi an wamyvanebi)

gainawileT erTmaneTSi yvela baraTis naxevrebi.
* daikaveT adgilebi saTamaSo moedanze. Tqven ki ar unda daimaloT, aramed unda
gaifantoT. bavSvebs unda SeeZloT Tqveni povna.
* yvela, garda baraTis mflobeli erTi adamianisa, Cerdeba erT adgilze. baraTis
mflobeli erTi adamiani dadis TamaSis ganmavlobaSi, rac am wamyvans SesaZleblobas aZlevs,
damatebiT gaakontrolos mTeli TamaSi.
* moTamaSeebi TqvenTan movlen da baraTis naxevars gaCveneben. Tu am baraTis meore
naxevari gaqvT, mieciT moTamaSes.
* sanadiro sezonebis dros Tqvens irgvliv Tqvengan misawvdom adgilamde usafrTxoebis
zona arsebobs. am zonaSi monadireebs moTamaSis daWera ar SeuZliaT.
* maSinac ki, rodesac aRar dagrCebaT naxevari baraTebi, darCiT adgilebze, sanam
signali ar gamcnobT TamaSis dasrulebas. amis Semdeg dabrundiT centralur punqtSi da
gzad is bavSvebic waiyvaneT, romlebmac SesaZloa TamaSis dasrulebis signali ver gaigones.
monadireebi (1 + wamyvani)
* Tqveni funqciaa, sanadiro sezonebis dros moTamaSeebi daiWiroT da uflebebi
waarTvaT. yovel jerze, rodesac moTamaSes daiWerT, orad gaxieT misi baraTi. gaxeulis
erTi nawili moTamaSes daubruneT, xolo meore mieciT baraTis mflobel erT-erT adamians.
es niSnavs imas, rom moTamaSes ufro gauZneldeba Tavisi baraTis gamTlianeba.
* sanadiro sezoni Zalze amaRelvebeli momentia bavSvebisTvis. regularulad
gamoacxadeT sanadiro sezoni, magram mokle periodiT. CahbereT sastvens an sayvirs erTxel
sanadiro sezonis dasawyebad da orjer mis dasasruleblad.
* monadireebs erTnairad unda ecvaT (magaliTad,, raime niSani, qudi, pijaki an Sarfi) da
Zalian advili gasarCevebi unda iyvnen. sanadiro sezonis dros ixmaureT, raTa bavSvebisTvis
nadiroba ufro amaRelvebeli iyos.
* bavSvebze `nadirobis~ mizani ufro metad bavSvebis gamococxlebaa, vidre bavSvebis
daWera. Tu Zalian bevr moTamaSes an erTsa da imave moTamaSeebs daiWerT, bavSvebs SeiZleba
imedi gaucruvdeT.
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dasarigebeli masala: rolebis baraTebi
gadaiReT qvemoT mocemul badis aslebi ferad qaRaldze da gamoWeriT TiToeuli ufleba
cal-calke. Semdeg gaWeriT TiToeuli ufleba or nawilad. yoveli ufleba gaiyofa or, erTi da
igive feriT da ricxviT aRniSnul nawilad. baraTis naxevari bavSvebs daurigeT, meore naxevari
ki -,,baraTebis mflobel adamianebs~.10-15 bavSvisgan Semdgari jgufisTvis uflebebis baraTebi
5 sxvadasxva feris qaRaldze gadaiReT – sul 50 baraTi gamova. yoveli 5 zedmeti bavSvisTvis
daamateT kidev erTi feri (magaliTad, 25 bavSvisTvis Svidi sxvadasxva feris 70 baraTi
dagWirdebaT). Tuki baraTebis gadaReba gagiWirdaT, xeliT dawereT.
1. yvela bavSvs aqvs dacvis ufleba 1.
2. yvela bavSvs aqvs ganaTlebis ufleba 2.
3. yvela bavSvs aqvs jandacvis ufleba 3.
4. yvela bavSvs aqvs Tavisufali droisa da TamaSis ufleba 4.
5. yvela bavSvs aqvs ufleba hqondes saxeli da gvari 5.
6, yvela bavSvs aqvs ufleba airCios religiuri mrwamsi 6,
7. yvela bavSvs aqvs informaciis miRebis ufleba 7.
8. yvela bavSvs aqvs gaerTianebis ufleba 8.
9. yvela bavSvs aqvs ufleba icxovros saxlSi ojaxTan erTad 9.
10. yvela bavSvs aqvs samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba 10.
146
27. samagido TamaSebi
ramdenad kargad iciT sakuTari uflebebi?
Temebi: adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebi
savarjiSos tipi: samagido TamaSi
es savarjiSo Sedgeba gansxvavebuli wesebis mqone ori sxvadasxva TamaSisgan. am TamaSebSi ada-
mianis uflebebi ganixileba da isini imave dafaze SegiZliaT iTamaSoT, romelic sailustracio
masalac aris. bavSvebs SeuZliaT damoukideblad iTamaSon, magram saWiroa maT wamyvani daexma-
ros da gauZRves ganxilvas.
27a. iciT Tu ara Tqveni uflebebi?
savarjiSos aRwera: iseve, rogorc sabavSvo TamaSSi `gvelebi da kibeebi~ bavSvebi

win midian an ukan gadadian imis mixedviT, Tu romel baraTs
iReben. Tumca am TamaSSi maT SeuZliaT `gaaneitralon~ cudi
baraTi, Tu daasaxaleben bavSvis uflebas, romelic irRveva.

x daxmareba, rom bavSvebma SeZlon yoveldRiur cxovrebas
daukavSiron adamianis uflebebi
x adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis
Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba
momzadeba: x pasuxebi winaswar SeamowmeT, raTa darwmundeT, rom

Tavad iciT am problemebis Sesaxeb
x gaakeTeT sailustracio masalis saxiT warmodgenili
dafis asli
x dawereT miTiTebebi da `gamaneitralebeli uflebebi~
erT furcelze
x TiToeuli moTamaSe jgufisTvis moamzadeT baraTebis
TiTo kompleqti, sadac adamianis uflebebia dawerili,
da sajarimo baraTebi
x gaamravleT bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis adaptirebuli
versia
masalebi: x saTamaSo dafa, qaRaldis naWrebi da kamaTeli

x saTamaSo baraTebi
x qaRaldze dawerili miTiTebebiO da `gamaneitralebeli
uflebebis~ sia
147
miTiTebebi
1. dayaviT bavSvebi oridan eqvskacamde jgufebad da daurigeT TiToeul jgufs dafa,
kamaTeli, baraTebi zed dawerili uflebebiT da sajarimo baraTebi, furceli miTiTebebiT da
`gamaneitralebeli uflebebis~ sia. TiToeul moTamaSes mieciT bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
adaptirebuli versia. am TamaSSi bavSvebma yuradReba ar unda miaqcion dafaze gamosaxul gvelebsa
da kibeebs da mxolod feradi kvadratebi gamoiyenon. saTamaSo baraTi gaacnobs bavSvebs, Tu ra
unda gaakeTon.
2. ganmarteT TamaSis wesebi:
a. aagdeT kamaTeli. is bavSvi, visac yvelaze maRali qula Sexvdeba, daiwyebs TamaSs.
b. pirveli moTamaSe agdebs kamaTels da midis win kamaTelze mosuli
ricxvis mixedviT.
g. Tu moTamaSe ferad kvadratSi moxvdeba, is aiRebs baraTs, waikiTxavs xmamaRla
da Seasrulebs iq mocemul instruqciebs. es SeiZleba iyos win waweva, ukan wasvla
an rigis gamotoveba.
d. baraTi, romelic ambobs, rom moTamaSe ukan unda gadavides, SeiZleba
ganeitraldes, Tu moTamaSes SeuZlia daasaxelos bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
muxli, romelic irRveva. am SemTxvevaSi moTamaSe iRebs premias – win gadadgmuli
nabijis saxiT.
e. gaagrZeleT Semdeg bavSvTan erTad, romelic pirveli moTamaSis marcxniv dgas.
v. pirveli moTamaSe, romelic boloSi gadis, gamarjvebulia, magram TamaSi
grZeldeba, sanam yvela moTamaSe boloSi ar gava.

1. imsjeleT savarjiSos Sesaxeb da dasviT Semdegi kiTxvebi:
a. ras fiqrobT am TamaSis Sesaxeb?
b. ra SeityveT axali adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb? Tqveni garemomcveli samyaros Sesaxeb?
g. ucnaurad xom ar mogeCvenaT an xom ar geucxovaT zogierTi situacia?
d. Tu SegiZliaT moifiqroT msgavsi situaciebi, rodesac adamianis uflebebs
icaven an rodesac maT arRveven?

* Tu dasWirdebaT, moTamaSe bavSvebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon ,,gamaneitralebeli uflebebis~
sia da bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, an wamyvans SeuZlia am siis gamoyeneba.
* adaptacia patara bavSvebisTvis: gamotoveT bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
maidentificirebeli muxlebi, rom `ganeitraldes~ ukan gadasadgmeli nabijebi.
* radgan bavSvebs bevrikiTxva eqnebaT micemul davalebebTan dakavSirebiT, rekomendebulia
meore wamyvanis daxmareba, Tu TamaSSi erTdroulad ramdenime jgufi monawileobs.
* bavSvebs SeuZliaT jgufurad iTamaSon, rom erTmaneTs daexmaron `gamaneitralebeli
uflebebis~ identificirebaSi.
dasarigebeli masala:
baraTebi adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb
baraTi adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb 1
Seni megobris mSoblebi am zafxuls dascildnen erTmaneTs, magram Seni megobari erTi kvira
erTTan cxovrobs, meore ki meoresTan, vinaidan Tavad gadawyvita ase. ori ujriT win waiwie.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, me-12 muxli: bavSvis Sexedulebebis pativiscema:
bavSvebs aqvT ufleba, gamoxaton sakuTari Sexedulebebi, rodesac ufrosebi iReben
gadawyvetilebas im sakiTxebze, romlebic bavSvebs exeba, da maT Sexedulebebs saTanado
yuradReba unda daeTmos.

Tqven ukve SeityveT, rom, rodesac seriozuli problema gawuxebT, yovelTvis SegiZliaT
daxmareba iTxovoT. Tu akrefT gadaudebeli daxmarebis nomers da auxsniT situacias,
pasuxismgebeli piri dagakavSirebT im organizaciebTan, romlebic Seecdebian, daexmaron
mitovebul, ugulebelyofil an sxva problemebis mqone bavSvebs. ori ujriT win waiwie.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, me-19 muxli: bavSvis dacva yvelanairi formis Zaladobis,
Seuracxyofisa da ugulebelyofisgan:
148
mTavrobebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom bavSvebze saTanado zrunva xdebodes da unda daicvan
isini mSoblebisa Tu maTze mzrunveli nebismieri sxva adamianebis mxridan Zaladobis,
Seuracxyofisa da ugulebelyofisgan.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 36-e muxli: bavSvis dacva sxva formis eqspluataciisgan:
bavSvebi daculebi unda iyvnen nebismieri iseTi qmedebebisgan, romlebic zians ayenebs maT
ganviTarebas da keTildReobas.

Seni megobris klasSi im bavSvebs, romlebsac uWirT swavla, maswavleblebi damatebiT
exmarebian. ori ujriT win waiwie.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 23-e muxli: SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvebi:
raime saxis unarSezRudulobis mqone bavSvebs unda gaewioT sgangebo zrunva, xelSewyoba
da miewodoT ganaTleba, raTa maT SeZlon savse da damoukidebeli cxovrebiT cxovreba da
sakuTari SesaZleblobebis srulad xorcSesxma.

Seni skolis direqtorma Seityo, rom bavSvebi Tqveni Temidan ar dadian skolaSi imis
gamo, rom maT mSoblebs ara aqvT iq cxovrebis kanonieri ufleba. direqtori Sexvda maT da
daarwmuna, gaeSvaT bavSvebi skolaSi. ori ujriT win waiwie.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 28-e muxli: ganaTlebis ufleba:
bavSvebs aqvT ganaTlebis, anu skolaSi siarulis ufleba . . . dawyebiTi ganaTleba ufaso
unda iyos.

Tqven gaqvT ufleba, icodeT sakuTari uflebebis Sesaxeb. oTxi ujriT win waiwie.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 29-e muxli: ganaTlebis miznebi:
ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos bavSvis pirovnebis, unar-Cvevebisa da niWis sruli
ganviTarebisken. ganaTleba bavSvebs cxovrebisTvis amzadebs. man unda STaunergos bavSvebs
Tavisi mSoblebisadmi, Tavisi da sxva erebis kulturuli TviTmyofadobisadmi pativiscema.

maswavleblebs Sens skolaSi ara aqvT ufleba, gamoiyenon dasjis fizikuri meTodebi an
Seuracxyon bavSvebi, maSinac ki, rodesac isini cudad iqcevian. ori ujriT win waiwie.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 28-e muxli: ganaTlebis ufleba:
saskolo disciplinis damyarebisas aucilebelia bavSvebis Rirsebis mimarT pativiscemiT
mopyroba. disciplinis dasamyareblad dauSvebelia Zaladobis (rogorc fizikuri, ise
fsqilogiuri) gamoyeneba.

Tqvens skolaSi bevri kibea, magram amave dros aris liftebic da pandusebic, raTa im
adamianebma, visac uWirs siaruli da iyenebs specialur savarZels, SeZlon gadaadgileba. sami
ujriT win waiwie.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 23-e muxli: SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvebi:
raime saxis unarSezRudulobis mqone bavSvebs unda gaewioT sgangebo zrunva, xelSewyoba
da miewodoT ganaTleba, raTa maT SeZlon savse da damoukidebeli cxovrebiT cxovreba da
sakuTari SesaZleblobebis srulad xorcSesxma.

Seni megobris mama mZime avariaSi moyva da didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ver muSaobda. sanam is
gamojanmrTeldeboda, mTavroba exmareboda ojaxs fuliT sakvebis SesaZenad da binis qiris
gadasaxdelad. ori ujriT win waiwie.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 26-e muxli: socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis mier
gaweuli daxmareba:
sazogadoebam, romelSic bavSvi cxovrobs, unda uzrunvelyos misTvis socialuri
uzrunvelyofis sistemis yvela sikeTe (ganaTleba, kultura, kveba, janmrTelobis dacva da
socialuri dacva), romelic exmareba bavSvs ganviTarebaSi da karg pirobebSi cxovrebaSi.
mTavrobam unda uzrunvelyos damatebiTi finansuri saxsrebis gamoyofa gaWirvebuli
ojaxebis bavSvebisTvis.
149
Tqven ukve SeityveT, rom Tqveni uflebebi omis periodSic ki daculi unda iyos da rom
arsebobs sgangebo SeTanxmebebi amis uzrunvelsayofad. ori ujriT win waiwie.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 38-e muxli: SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis Sedegad
dazaralebuli bavSvebis dacva:
mTavrobebma ar unda dauSvan, rom 15 wels miuRweveli bavSvebi msaxurobdnen jarSi an
raime saxiT pirdapiri monawileoba miiRon samxedro moqmedebebSi. garda amisa, saomar
teritoriebze myofma bavSvebma sgangebo dacva unda miiRon.

Sens TemSi aris sabavSvo biblioTekebi da specialurad bavSvebisTvis momzadebuli
Jurnalebi, filmebi, TamaSebi da satelevizio Souebi, rac gaZlevs saSualebas, Seityo da
gaigo, ra xdeba msoflioSi. ori ujriT win waiwie.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, me-13 muxli: Sexedulebebis gamoxatvisa da informaciis
moZiebis, mopovebisa da gavrcelebis Tavisufleba:
bavSvebs aqvT ufleba, moiZion, miiRon an gaavrcelon nebismieri saxis informacia (xelovnebis
saxiT, werilobiTi an eleqtronuli formiT, an gadacemuli nebismieri sxva samauwyeblo
saSualebiT), Tuki es informacia ar aris saziano maTTvis an sxva adamianebisTvis.

samwuxarod, operaciis gakeTeba mogiwevs. magram sabednierod, Sen gaqvs ufleba, miiRo
sgangebo dacva da zrunva da imis uflebac ki gaqvs, rom romelime Seni mSobeli an sxva adamiani,
vinc giyvars, SenTan erTad iyos! ori ujriT win waiwie.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 24-e muxli: janmrTelobis dacvisa da momsaxurebis
miRebis ufleba:
bavSvebs aqvT ufleba, avadmyofobisas miiRon maRali xarisxis janmrTelobis dacva,
rac gamoxatulia medikamentebiT, saavadmyofoTi da eqimebiT. bavSvebs aseve aqvT ufleba,
hqondeT sufTa sasmeli wyali, kargi sakvebi da sufTa garemo, raTa isini janmrTelni iyvnen.
mdidari qveynebi unda daexmaron ufro Raribebs am miznis miRwevaSi.
dasarigebeli masala: sajarimo baraTebi

sajarimo baraTi 1
Senma megobarma dakarga erTi fexsacmeli, magram ara aqvs axali wyvilis SesaZenad sakmarisi
fuli. skolaSi amboben, rom ar daiSvebian fexSiSveli bavSvebi. ori ujriT ukan daixie.
xom ar ici romelime ufleba, romelic gamoasworebda (gaaneitralebda) am darRvevas?
sajarimo baraTi 2
Seni Tanaklaselis mSoblebi boSebi arian. maTi ojaxi problemebs awydeba sacxovrebeli
adgilis Ziebisas, vinaidan adamianebi amboben: ìsini Cvengan gansxvavebulebi arian~. oTxi
ujriT ukan daixie.
sajarimo baraTi 3
Sen Seityve, rom zogierT qveyanaSi bavSvebs aiZuleben, omSi wavidnen sabrZolvelad. maT
SiaT, swyuriaT da Zalian eSiniaT. dabrundi pirvel ujraSi.
sajarimo baraTi 4
erTi gogona Sens skolaSi modelia. is bevr fuls Soulobs, misi fotoebi JurnalebSi
ibeWdeba, magram xSirad acdens skolas da ara aqvs saSinao davalebis Sesrulebis an megobrebTan
TamaSis dro. is namdvilad daRlilad gamoiyureba. ori ujriT ukan daixie.
sajarimo baraTi 5
skolaSi mxolod saxelmwifo enaze laparikis ufleba gvaqvs. sxva enaze molaparake bavSvebs
sjian, Tu isini TavianT enaze dailaparakeben, saTamaSo moedanzec ki. gamotove Seni jeri.
150
sajarimo baraTi 6
Sens TemSi aris skola, sadac kargad xvdebian bavSvebs sxvadasxva religiis mimdevari
ojaxebidan, magram cudi TvaliT uyureben bavSvebs, romelTa ojaxebi araviTar religias ar
misdeven. gamotove Seni jeri.
sajarimo baraTi 7
Seni megobris mSoblebi SarSan gaeyarnen erTmaneTs. deda ar aZlevs mas arc mamis da arc
bebia-babuis naxvis uflebas. mas Zalian enatreba mama. sami ujriT ukan daixie.
sajarimo baraTi 8
erTi Seni Tanaklaseli gogona verasodes TamaSobs skolis Semdeg, mas arc swavlisTvis aqvs
dro, radgan umcrosi da-Zmis movla uwevs. sami ujriT ukan daixie.
sajarimo baraTi 9
Seni Tanaklaseli biWi uars ambobs sauzmis Semdeg dalagebaSi moxmarebaze. misi TqmiT,
`dalageba gogoebis saqmea~. ori ujriT ukan daixie.
sajarimo baraTi 10
biWebs Sens skolaSi safexburTo gundic aqvT da mravali sxva sportuli klubic, gogonebs
ki saerTod ara aqvT. ori ujriT ukan daixie.
dasarigebeli masala:
darRvevebis gamaneitralebeli uflebebi
sajarimo baraTi 1
Senma megobarma dakarga erTi fexsacmeli, magram ara aqvs axali wyvilis SesaZenad sakmarisi
fuli. skolaSi amboben, rom ar daiSvebian fexSiSveli bavSvebi. ori ujriT ukan daixie.
darRvevis gamaneitralebeli ufleba: bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 27-e muxli:
cxovrebis saTanado done:
bavSvebma unda icxovron karg pirobebSi, romlebic aucilebelia maTi fizikuri da
gonebrivi saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad. mTavrobebi unda daexmaron am miznis miRwevaSi
im ojaxebs, romelTac ara aqvT amis SesaZlebloba.
sajarimo baraTi 2
Seni Tanaklaselis mSoblebi boSebi arian. maTi ojaxi problemebs awydeba sacxovrebeli
adgilis Ziebisas, vinaidan adamianebi amboben: ìsini Cvengan gansxvavebulebi arian~. oTxi
ujriT ukan daixie.
darRvevis gamaneitralebeli ufleba: bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, me-2 muxli:
diskriminaciis akrZalva:
konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebi exeba yvelas, rasis, kanis feris, religiis, sqesis,
SesaZleblobebis ganurCevlad da miuxedavad imisa, ras fiqroben Tu laparakoben isini,
ra enaze laparakoben da ra warmomavlobisa arian; saxelmwifoebma unda daicvan bavSvebi
nebismieri saxis diskriminaciisgan.
sajarimo baraTi 3
Sen Seityve, rom zogierT qveyanaSi bavSvebs aiZuleben omSi wavidnen sabrZolvelad. maT
SiaT, swyuriaT da Zalian eSiniaT. dabrundi pirvel ujraSi.
darRvevis gamaneitralebeli ufleba: bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 38-e muxli:
SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebiT dazaralebuli bavSvebis dacva:
mTavrobebma ar unda dauSvan, rom 15 wels miuRweveli bavSvebi msaxurobdnen jarSi an
151
raime saxiT pirdapiri monawileoba miiRon samxedro moqmedebebSi. garda amisa, saomar
teritoriebze myofma bavSvebma sgangebo dacva unda miiRon.
sajarimo baraTi 4
erTi gogona Sens skolaSi modelia. is bevr fuls Soulobs, misi fotoebi JurnalebSi
ibeWdeba, magram xSirad acdens skolas da ara aqvs saSinao davalebis Sesrulebis an megobrebTan
TamaSis dro. is namdvilad daRlilad gamoiyureba. ori ujriT ukan daixie.
darRvevis gamaneitralebeli ufleba: bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 32-e muxli: bavSvTa
Sroma:
mTavrobebma unda daicvan bavSvebi saxifaTo Sromisgan an iseTi Sromisgan, romelmac
SeiZleba avnos maT janmrTelobas an ganaTlebas an gamoiwvios maTi eqspluatacia.
sajarimo baraTi 5
skolaSi mxolod saxelmwifo enaze laparakis ufleba gvaqvs. sxva enaze molaparake bavSvebs
sjian, Tu isini TavianT enaze dailaparakeben, saTamaSo moedanzec ki. gamotove Seni jeri.
darRvevis gamaneitralebeli uflebebi:
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 29-e muxli: ganaTlebis miznebi:
an
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 30-e muxli: umciresobebisa da mkvidri mosaxleobis
bavSvebi:
umciresobebisa da mkvidri mosaxleobis bavSvebi: bavSvebs ufleba aqvT, iswavlon da
gamoiyenon mSobliuri ena da sakuTari ojaxebis wes-Cveulebebi, miuxedavad imisa, iziarebs
Tu ara am enasa da wes-Cveulebebs qveyanaSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis umravlesoba.
sajarimo baraTi 6
Sens TemSi aris skola, sadac kargad xvdebian bavSvebs sxvadasxva religiis mimdevari
ojaxebidan, magram cudi TvaliT uyureben bavSvebs, romelTa ojaxebi araviTar religias ar
misdeven. gamotove Seni jeri.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, me-14 muxli: azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisufleba:
bavSvebs aqvT ufleba, ifiqron da sjerodeT imis, rac undaT da misdion sakuTar religias,
Tuki isini ar uSlian sxva adamianebs xels maTi uflebebis ganxorcielebaSi. mSoblebma unda
uxelmZRvanelon bavSvebs am sakiTxebSi.
an
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, me-2 muxli: diskriminaciis akrZalva:
ra enaze laparakoben da ra warmomavlobis arian; saxelmwifoebma unda daicvan bavSvebi
sajarimo baraTi 7
Seni megobris mSoblebi SarSan gaeyarnen erTmaneTs. deda ar aZlevs mas arc mamis da arc
bebia-babuis naxvis uflebas. mas Zalian enatreba mama. sami ujriT ukan daixie.
mSoblebisgan daSoreba:
bavSvebi ar unda daSordnen mSoblebs maTi survilis sawinaaRmdegod, garda im
SemTxvevebisa, Tu, magaliTad, mSoblebi sastikad eqcevian bavSvebs da ar zrunaven maTze.
bavSvebs, romelTa mSoblebi cal-calke cxovroben, aqvT ufleba, kontaqti iqonion orive
mSobelTan, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac aman SeiZleba ziani moutanos bavSvs. mTavrobebs
ekisrebaT ojaxidan wasuli wevris adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb aucilebeli informaciis
miwodebis pasuxismgebloba.
152
sajarimo baraTi 8
erTi Seni Tanaklaseli gogona verasodes TamaSobs skolis Semdeg, mas arc swavlisTvis
aqvs dro, radgan umcrosi da-Zmis movla uwevs. sami ujriT ukan daixie.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 31-e muxli: dasvenebisa da Tavisufali drois qonis
ufleba da kulturul cxovrebaSi monawileobis ufleba
yvela bavSvs aqvs dasvenebisa da TamaSis ufleba, aseve gasarTob da kulturul
RonisZiebebSi monawileobis ufleba.
an
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 32-e muxli: bavSvTa Sroma:
mTavrobebma unda daicvan bavSvebi saxifaTo Sromisgan an iseTi Sromisgan, romelmac
SeiZleba avnos maT janmrTelobas an ganaTlebas an gamoiwvios maTi eqspluatacia.
sajarimo baraTi 9
Seni Tanaklaseli biWi uars ambobs sauzmis Semdeg dalagebaSi moxmarebaze. misi TqmiT,
`dalageba gogoebis saqmea~. ori ujriT ukan daixie.
sajarimo baraTi 10
biWebs Sens skolaSi safexburTo gundic aqvT da mravali sxva sportuli klubic, gogonebs
ki saerTod ara aqvT. ori ujriT ukan daixie.
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27b. mokSa-patamu
savarjiSos aRwera: Tavdapirvelad induri TamaSi iyo, romlis mizans religiis

swavleba warmoadgenda da moTamaSes saSualebas aZlevda,
cxovrebaSi maRal doneze asuliyo an dabla daSvebuliyo. am
savarjiSos farglebSi TamaSi isea adaptirebuli, rom bavSvebs
adamianis uflebaTa pativiscema aswavlos da karg Sedegs
miaRwios.
miznebi: adamianis uflebaTa pozitiur Sedegebze yuradRebis

gamaxvileba
momzadeba: gadaiReT da gamoWeriT saTamaSo baraTebi da gaadideT dafa
masalebi: x saTamaSo dafa

x baraTebi
x kamaTeli da saTamaSo qaRaldis naWrebi
miTiTebebi
1. dayaviT bavSvebi eqvskacian jgufebad da TiToeul jgufs mieciT dafa, saTamaSo naWrebi
da kamaTeli.
2. axseniT savarjiSos wesebi:
a. aagdeT kamaTeli. is bavSvi, visac yvelaze maRali qula Sexvdeba, daiwyebs TamaSs.
b. pirveli moTamaSe agdebs kamaTels da midis win kamaTlis ricxvis mixedviT.
g. Semdeg ra moxdeba, damokidebulia im kvadratze, sadac moTamaSe moxvdeba:
i.Tu moTamaSe moxvdeba kvadratze, sadac kibis dasawyisia moqceuli, igi
adis kvadratis Tavze, sadac kibis boloa.
ii.Tu moTamaSe moxvdeba kvadratze, sadac gvelis kudia, igi dabla unda daeSvas
kvadratze, sadac gvelis Tavia.
iii. Tu moTamaSe ferad kvadratze moxvdeba, moTamaSis marcxniv mdgomi piri
iRebs baraTs da kiTxulobs xmamaRla. moTamaSem, romelic am kvadratze moxvda,
unda Tqvas, sworia Tu ara baraTze mocemuli gancxadeba adamianis
uflebaTa mixedviT.
iv.Tu moTamaSe arasworad pasuxobs, igi rCeba kvadratze. moTamaSe, romelic
sworad pasuxobs, ori kvadratiT win gadadis. Tu mas SeuZlia daasaxelos bavSvis
uflebaTa konvenciis muxli, romelic gansazRvravs an icavs aRniSnul uflebas,
igi kidev erTi kvadratiT miiwevs win. aucilebeli ar aris bavSvis
uflebaTa konvenciis muxlis zusti nomris dasaxeleba.
v.momdevno moTamaSeebi rig-rigobiT TamaSoben.
d. TamaSi maSin mTavrdeba, rodesac moTamaSe bolo sivrces aRwevs an kamaTels
ise aagdebs, rom misi naWeri bolo sivrces gadascdeba.
1. imsjeleT savarjiSoze da daukavSireT adamianis uflebebs Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:

a. rogor mogewonaT savarjiSo?
b. rogor dagexmaraT adamianis uflebebis codna kibeze asvlaSi?
g. rogor gexmarebaT adamianis uflebebis codna realur cxovrebaSi?
rogor exmareba es sxvebs?
d. ra emarTeba sazogadoebas, rodesac adamianebma ar ician TavianTi uflebebi?
* daurigeT bavSvebs bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis adaptirebuli versiebi, sTxoveT,

gamoTqvan sakuTari ideebi da gaakeTon baraTebi, romlebic asaxavs maT gamocdilebas. Semdeg
Tavidan daiwyeT TamaSi maT mier gakeTebuli baraTebis gamoyenebiT.
154
daukavSireT baraTebi bavSvebis gamocdilebas. imsjeleT imaze, Tu risi gakeTeba SeuZliaT

maT, rodesac msgavsi saxis darRvevebi iCens Tavs. vin aris maTi mokavSire maTi uflebebis dacvis
dros?
* ganxilvis dros waaxaliseT bavSvebi, rom gaixsenon sakuTari gamocdileba, yuradReba

gaamaxvilon Zaladobaze, xulignobaze, usamarTlobaze, romelic Tavad gadaitanes an risi
mowmec gaxdnen.
* gaakeTeT saTamaSo dafis aslebi da daurigeT bavSvebs, rom maT ojaxis wevrebTan da
megobrebTan SeZlon TamaSi.
dasarigebeli masala: baraTebi

gaamravleT da amoWeriT es baraTebi an moamzadeT Tqveni
jgufisTvis Sesaferisi sxva baraTebi.
gancxadeba: adamiani, romelic gancxadeba: yvela bavSvs erTi gancxadeba: gogonebs safex-
qorwindeba, aRar aris bavSvi. da igive uflebebi aqvs, miuxeda- burTo moedanze TamaSi mxolod
vad imisa, arian Tu ara isini da maSin SeuZliaT, Tu moedans biWe-
pasuxi: arasworia/es darRve- maTi mSoblebi mocemuli qveynis bi ar iyeneben.
vaa moqalaqeebi.
bavSvis uflebaTa konven- pasuxi: arasworia/es darRve-
cia, 1-li muxli. vin aris bavSvi: pasuxi: sworia/es uflebaa vaa
bavSvad iTvleba 18 wlamde asakis bavSvis uflebaTa konven- bavSvis uflebaTa konven-
yoveli adamiani da, Sesabamisad, cia, me-2 muxli. diskriminaciis cia, me-2 muxli. diskriminaciis
igi sargeblobs winamdebare kon- akrZalva: akrZalva:
venciiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebu-
uflebiT. uflebebi exeba yvelas, miuxeda- li uflebebi exeba yvelas, rasis,
vad imisa, Tu ra warmomavlobisa kanis feris, religiis, sqesis,
arian isini; saxelmwifoebma unda SesaZleblobebis ganurCevlad
daicvan bavSvebi nebismieri saxis da miuxedavad imisa, ras fiqroben
diskriminaciisgan. Tu laparakoben isini, ra enaze
laparakoben da ra warmomavlo-
bisa arian; saxelmwifoebma unda
daicvan bavSvebi nebismieri saxis
diskriminaciisgan.
gancxadeba: Tu danaSauls gancxadeba: Cveni skolis bib- gancxadeba: Cvens siaxloves

Cadixar, SesaZlebelia Seni moT- lioTekari nebas mrTavs, gamovi- ganlagebuli qarxnidan haerSi
avseba cixeSi zrdasrul adami- wero nebismieri wigni, romelic gamoifrqveva mZafri sunis mqone
anebTan erTad. minda. qimikatebi, rac adamianebSi xvele-
bas iwvevs.
pasuxi: arasworia/es dar- pasuxi: sworia/es uflebaa
Rvevaa bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, pasuxi: arasworia/es dar-
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, me-17 muxli. bavSvisTvis Sesa- Rvevaa
37-e muxli. wameba, Rirsebis Sem- tyvisi informaciisa da maso- bavSvis uflebaTa konven-
laxveli mopyroba da Tavisu- brivi informaciis saSualebe- cia, 24-e muxli. janmrTelobis
flebis aRkveTa: bis xelmisawvdomoba: dacvisa da momsaxurebis miRe-
kanonis damrRvev bavSvebTan bavSvebs ufleba aqvT, miiRon bis ufleba:
dauSvebelia sastikad mopyroba. sarwmuno informacia sxvadasxva bavSvebs aqvT ufleba, avadmyo-
isini ar unda iqnen moTavsebulni wyarodan, maT Soris masobrivi fobisas miiRon maRali xarisxis
cixeSi zrdasrul adamianebTan informaciis saSualebebidan. janmrTelobis dacva, anu medika-
erTad da unda SeeZloT ojaxebT- televiziam, radiom da gazeTebma mentebi, saavadmyofoebi da eq-
an kontaqti. unda gamoaqveynon bavSvebisTvis imebi. bavSvebs aseve aqvT ufleba,
gasagebi informacia da ar unda hqondeT sufTa sasmeli wyali,
gamoaqveynon iseTi masalebi, rom- kargi sakvebi da sufTa garemo,
lebmac SeiZleba avnos bavSvebs. raTa isini janmrTelni iyvnen.
mdidari qveynebi unda daexmaron
ufro Raribebs am miznis miRw-
evaSi.
155
gancxadeba: mxolod mamaSens gancxadeba: marTalia, inva- gancxadeba: Cveni skolis kom-
aqvs ufleba, gadawyvitos, ra aris lidis savarZels vxmarob, magram piuterebi blokavs zogierT in-
kargi SenTvis. skolaSi siaruli SemiZlia Cems me- ternet gverds.
zobel bavSvebTan erTad. skolam
pasuxi: arasworia/es dar- CemTvis pandusi unda moawyos. pasuxi: sworia/es uflebaa
Rvevaa bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia,
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, pasuxi: sworia/es uflebaa me-17 muxli. bavSvisTvis Sesa-
me-18 muxli. mSobelTa erTobli- bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, tyvisi informaciisa da maso-
vi pasuxismgebloba: 23-e muxli: SezRuduli SesaZle- brivi informaciis saSualebe-
bavSvebis aRzrdaze pasux- blobis mqone bavSvebi: bis xelmisawvdomoba:
ismgebloba orive mSobels eki- raime saxis unarSezRudulo- bavSvebs ufleba aqvT, miiRon
sreba da maT yovelTvis unda bis mqone bavSvebs unda gaewioT sarwmuno informacia sxvadasxva
gaiTvaliswinon, Tu ra aris uke- sgangebo zrunva, xelSewyoba da wyaroebidan, maT Soris maso-
Tesi TiToeuli bavSvisTvis. miewodoT ganaTleba, raTa maT brivi informaciis saSualebe-
mTavrobebi unda exmarebodnen SeZlon savse da damoukidebeli bidan. sainformacio wyaroebma
mSoblebs maTi xelSemwyobi sam- cxovrebiT cxovreba da sakuTari unda gamoaqveynon bavSvebisTvis
saxurebis SeqmniT, gansakuTrebiT SesaZleblobebis srulad xorcS- gasagebi informacia da ar unda
iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac orive esxma. gamoaqveynon iseTi masalebi, rom-
mSobeli muSaobs. lebmac SeiZleba avnos bavSvebs.
gancxadeba: zogierT adgi- gancxadeba: rodesac bavSvi gancxadeba: Cemi mSoblebi

lebSi bavSvebma, gansakuTrebiT ki ibadeba, mSoblebma unda mis- Cems 17 wlis Zmas nebas rTaven,
biWebma, unda imsaxuron jarSi. cen mas saxeli da oficialurad uyuros televizorSi yvelafers,
daaregistriron misi dabadeba. rac unda, magram me mirCeven gad-
pasuxi: arasworia/es darRve- acemebs, radgan mxolod 10 wlisa
vaa pasuxi: sworia/es uflebaa var.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia,
38-e muxli: SeiaraRebuli kon- me-7 muxli: bavSvis dabadebis pasuxi: sworia/es uflebaa
fliqtis Sedegad dazaralebu- registracia, saxelis qonis, mo- bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia,
li bavSvebis dacva: qalaqeobis SeZenis ufleba da me-5 muxli: mSoblebis mier bavS-
mTavrobebma ar unda dauSvan, ufleba, icnobdes Tavis mSob- vis xelmZRvaneloba da bavSvis
rom 15 wels miuRweveli bavSvebi lebs da garemosili iyos maTi unarebis ganviTareba:
msaxurobdnen jarSi an raime sax- mzrunvelobiT: ZiriTadi pasuxismgebloba imis
iT pirdapiri monawileoba miiRon yvela bavSvs aqvs ufleba, xelmZRvanelobaze, Tu rogor ax-
samxedro moqmedebebSi. garda hqondes dabadebis mowmobaSi orcielebs bavSvi sakuTar ufle-
amisa, saomar teritoriebze myo- oficialurad daregistrire- bebs, akisria ojaxs, bavSvis asak-
fma bavSvebma sgangebo dacva unda buli saxeli. maT aqvT ufleba, isa da simwifis gaTvaliswinebiT.
miiRon. SeiZinon moqalaqeoba, agreTve mTavrobebma pativi unda scen am
ufleba, icnobdnen TavianT mSob- uflebas.
lebs da garemosili iyvnen maTi
mzrunvelobiT.
gancxadeba: me 13 wlis var, gancxadeba: me-8 klasi uSvebs gancxadeba: dedaCemi sxva qve-
Cemi mSoblebi Cems fostas kiTxu- yovelkvireul gazeTs da avrce- yanaSi muSaobs, magram yovelTvi-
loben, sanam me momcemdnen. lebs samezobloSi. urad an is Camodis saxlSi, an me da
mamaCemi mivdivarT mis sanaxavad.
pasuxi: arasworia/es darRve- pasuxi: sworia/es uflebaa
vaa bavSvis uflebaTa konven- pasuxi: sworia/es uflebaa
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, cia, me-13 muxli: Sexedulebebis bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia,
me-16 muxli: piradi cxovreba, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba: me-10 muxli: ojaxis gamTliane-
pativi da reputacia: Tqven gaqvT ufleba, ifiqroT, bis ufleba:
bavSvebs aqvT piradi cxovre- rac gindaT da TqvaT, rac gindaT. ojaxebs, romlebic sxvadasx-
bis ufleba. kanonma unda daicvas es aravin unda agikrZaloT. unda va qveynebSi cxovroben, ufleba
isini Tavdasxmebisgan maTi cx- SegeZloT Tqveni Sexedulebebisa aqvT imoZraon am qveynebs Soris,
ovrebis wesze, maT saxelze, maT da azrebis gaziareba miuxedavad raTa mSoblebs da bavSvebs regu-
ojaxebze, maT sacxovrebelze da sazRvrebisa. laruli kontaqti hqondeT erT-
maT werilebsa da fostaze. maneTTan.
156
gancxadeba: me da Cems mego- gancxadeba: me maqvs ufleba, gancxadeba: im bavSvebis mi-
brebs skolaSi gvikrZalaven mSob- mqondes saxeli, moqalaqeoba da marT, vinc skolaSi cudad iqceva,
liur enaze laparaks. ojaxi. ar unda iqnes gamoyenebuli aravi-
Tari fizikuri sasjeli.
pasuxi: arasworia/es darRve- pasuxi: sworia/es uflebaa
vaa bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, pasuxi: sworia/es uflebaa
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, me-8 muxli: individualobis Se- bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia,
30-e muxli: umciresobebisa da narCuneba: 28-e muxli: ganaTlebis ufleba:
mkvidri mosaxleobis bavSvebi: mTavrobebma pativi unda scen bavSvebs aqvT ganaTlebis, anu
bavSvebs aqvT ufleba, iswav- bavSvis uflebas, hqondes saxeli, skolaSi siarulis ufleba. sas-
lon da gamoiyenon mSobliuri ena moqalaqeoba da ojaxuri kav- kolo disciplinis damyarebisas
da sakuTari ojaxebis wes-Cveule- Sirebi. mTavrobebs akisriaT val- aucilebelia bavSvebis Rirsebis
bebi, miuxedavad imisa, iziarebs debuleba, daicvan da daxmareba mimarT pativiscemiT mopyroba.
Tu ara am enasa da wes-Cveulebebs aRmouCinon bavSvs misi individu- disciplinis dasamyareblad dauS-
qveyanaSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis alobis aRdgenaSi. vebelia Zaladobis gamoyeneba.
umravlesoba.
gancxadeba: Cemi ojaxi aq Cam- gancxadeba: me maqvs ufleba, gancxadeba: skolas xSirad
ovida, raTa samSobloSi mimdin- Sevxvde orive mSobels, Tuki isini vacden, radgan rodesac Cemi pa-
are oms gamoqceoda. magram Cem- ganqorwinebuli arian. tara Zma (da) avad aris, mas vuvli,
nair ltolvil bavSvebs ara aqvT sanam deda samsaxurSia.
ufleba, rom aq skolaSi iaron. pasuxi: sworia/es uflebaa
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, pasuxi: arasworia/es darRve-
pasuxi: arasworia/es darRve- me-9 muxli: mSoblebisgan daS- vaa
vaa oreba: bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia,
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, bavSvebi ar unda daSordnen 32-e muxli: bavSvTa Sroma:
22-e muxli: ltolvili bavSvebi: TavianT mSoblebs, Tuki es maT in- mTavrobebma unda daicvan
aucilebelia ltolvili bavS- teresSi ar keTdeba, magaliTad, bavSvebi saxifaTo Sromisgan an
vebis gansakuTrebuli dacva. rodesac mSobeli cudad epyroba iseTi Sromisgan, romelmac Sei-
qveyanaSi ltolvilebis saxiT an ugulebelyofs bavSvs. ganqor- Zleba avnos maT janmrTelobas
Camosul bavSvebs iseTive ufle- winebuli mSoblebis bavSvebs aqvT an ganaTlebas an gamoiwvios maTi
bebi unda hqondeT, rogorc am ufleba, kontaqti iqonion orive eqspluatacia.
qveyanaSi dabadebul bavSvebs. mSobelTan, garda im SemTxveve-
bisa, rodesac aman SeiZleba ziani
miayenos maT.
157
158
28. sityvebi, romlebic guls gvtkens
nasroli qvebi da joxebi mxolod Zvlebs damimtvrevs,
nasroli sityva ki guls matkens!
Temebi: diskriminacia, ojaxi, genderuli Tanasworoba, Zaladoba
sirTulis done: me-2
asaki: 10-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: siis Sedgena, prioritetebis dadgena, diskusia
savarjiSos bavSvebi asaxeleben gulsatkeni gamonaTqvamebis

aRwera: magaliTebs da aanalizeben maT mizezebs da Sedegebs
miznebi: x gulsatkeni gamonaTqvamebis mizezebis ganxilva

x imis garkveva, Tu rogor gansxvavdeba adamianis
reaqcia sxvadasxva gamonaTqvamze
x gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis zRvaris garkveva
x gulsatkeni gamonaTqvamebis oponirebis saSualebebSi
gawafva
momzadeba: x bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-13 muxli gadaitaneT

didi formatis furclebze an dawereT dafaze
masalebi: x patara zomis webovani furclebi da webovani lenti

x didi furclebi da markeri, an dafa da carci
x bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-13 muxlis asli
miTiTebebi
1. dawereT da waikiTxeT bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-13 muxli. miuTiTeT, rom es

muxli aniWebs bavSvs gamoxatvis uflebas, magram zRudavs iseT gamoxatvas, romelic arRvevs da
zians ayenebs sxvaTa uflebebs da reputacias. ganixileT gamoxatvis ufleba Semdegi kiTxvebis
daxmarebiT:
a. yovelTvis unda gvqondes imis SesaZlebloba, rom rac gvinda, is vTqvaT?
b. unda viyoT Tu ara SezRudulni imaSi, Tu risi Tqma SegviZlia sakuTari azris
an mrwamsis Sesaxeb?
g. ra tipis gamonaTqvamebi arRvevs sxvaTa uflebebs?
d. ra tipis gamonaTqvamebs SeuZlia sxvaTa reputaciis Selaxva?
2. axseniT, rom es savarjiSo zemoxsenebuli sakiTxebis dadgenas emsaxureba.
3. daurigeT yvelas patara furclebi da sTxoveT, daweron gulsatkeni gamonaTqvamebi,
romlebsac adamianebi xmaroben, an saxelebi, romlebsac bavSvebi erTmaneTs uwodeben. TiTo
gamonaTqvami TiTo furcelze dawereT.
4. daxateT qvemoT moyvanili sqema da CamokideT kedelze. sqemaSi CawereT gamonaTqvamebis
sruli speqtri `gasabrazebelidan“ `Zalian gulsatkenamde.“ sTxoveT bavSvebs, Casvan `TavianTi“
sityvebi Sesabamis grafaSi. sTxoveT, daicvan siCume am savarjiSos dros.
gasabrazebeli/ cota gulsatkeni/ saSualod Zalian gansakuTrebulad

saxumaro Seuracxmyofeli gulsatkeni/ gulsatkeni/ gulsatkeni/
aragulsatkeni Seuracxmyofeli Seuracxmyofeli Seuracxmyofeli
5. sTxoveT bavSvebs, kargad daakvirden sqemas da SeinarCunon siCume. rogorc wesi, erTi da
igive sityva ramdenime grafaSia naxmari da sxvadasxva xarisxis Seuracxyofad aRiqmeba.
159
1. mas Semdeg, rac yvela bavSvi Tavis adgils daubrundeba, qvemoT moyvanili kiTxvebis
daxmarebiT hkiTxeT, Tu ra SeamCnies sqemaze dakvirvebisas:
a. zogierTi sityva erTze met grafaSi xom ar yofila naxmari?
b. ratom fiqroben erTni, rom zogi gamonaTqvami/sityva ar aris gulsatkeni,
meoreni ki mas gulsatkenad da Seuracxmyofelad aRiqvamen?
g. aqvs mniSvneloba imas, Tu rogor an vin gamoTqvams ama Tu im sityvas?
d. ratom xmaroben adamianebi aseT gamonaTqvamebs/sityvebs?
e. adamianebisTvis gulistkena Zaladobis forma xom ar aris? ratom?
2. sTxoveT bavSvebs, daadginon, arsebobs Tu ara tipiuri gulsatkeni gamonaTqvamebi an
maTi kategoriebi. mas Semdeg, rac bavSvebi gaixseneben ama Tu im gamonaTqvams an CamoTvlian maT
kategoriebs (magaliTad, fizikuri naklis an unaris, gonebrivi unaris, seqsualobis, ojaxuri
an eTnikuri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb), CamowereT isini dafaze. gaaanalizeT miRebuli pasuxebi
Semdegi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT:
a. aris gamonaTqvamebi/sityvebi, romlebic mxolod gogonebs Seexeba?
an mxolod biWebs Seexeba?
b. Tqveni azriT, ratom ixmareba gulsatkeni gamonaTqvamebi am TemebTan
mimarTebaSi?
g. romel sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi ixmareba yvelaze ufro gulsatkeni
gamonaTqvamebi?
d. ra daskvnebs gamoitanT gulsatkeni gamonaTqvamebis Sesaxeb?
3. sTxoveT bavSvebs, moacilon pirvel sqemaze dakruli webovani furclebi da miakran
isini im Temis an kategoriis qveS, romelsac isini yvelaze ufro miesadageba. SeiZleba daamatoT
kategoria saxelwodebiT `sxva“. bavSvebi rom TavianT adgilebs daubrundebian, hkiTxeT:
a. romel kategoriaSi mogrovda yvelaze meti furceli? rogor axsniT amas?
b. yvelaze ufro gulsatkenad miCneuli sityvebi raime gansakuTrebul
kategoriebad xom ar iyofa?
g. xmamaRla nu upasuxebT, ifiqreT: Tqvens mier naxmari gamonaTqvamebic / sityvebic
xom ar iyofa kategoriebad?
d. dayaviT bavSvebi mcirericxovan jgufebad da mieciT TiToeul jgufs ramdenime
furceli, sadac yvelaze ufro gulsatkeni sityva weria. sTxoveT erT
warmomadgenels yoveli jgufidan, waikiTxos pirveli sityva an fraza. jgufma
unda aRiaros, rom es fraza gulsatkenia da ganixilos: 1) unda mieceT Tu ara
adamianebs misi Tqmis ufleba da 2) ra unda vqnaT, Tuki es moxdeba. gaimeoreT
es savarjiSo TiToeuli sityvis/gamonaTqvamis SemTxvevaSi.
4. sTxoveT bavSvebs, moaxsenon danarCen bavSvebs TavianTi daskvnebi me-3 etapTan
dakavSirebiT. daukavSireT gulsatkeni gamonaTqvamebi adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebs Semdegi
kiTxvebis daxmarebiT:
a. evalebaT Tu ara ufrosebs gulsatkeni gamonaTqvamebis akrZalva?
Tu evalebaT, ratom?
b. evalebaT Tu ara bavSvebs gulsatkeni gamonaTqvamebis akrZalva?
Tu evalebaT, ratom?
g. Tqven risi gakeTeba SegiZliaT Tqvens garSemo gulsatkeni gamonaTqvamebis
winaaRmdeg?
d. ratom aris es mniSvnelovani?
e. rogor arRvevs gulsatkeni gamonaTqvamebi adamianis uflebebs?
* meti isaubreT imis Taobaze, Tu risi gakeTeba SeuZliaT bavSvebs gulsatkeni

gamonaTqvamebis aRsakveTad. mieciT bavSvebs rolebi da aTamaSeT, TiTqos maT viRac gulsatken
saxelebs eZaxis. erTad gamoZebneT reagirebis gzebi.
* savarjiSo `damkvirveblis nacvlad _ damxmare“, gv. 84, exmareba bavSvebs, gaerkvnen, Tu
rogor SeuZlia TiToeul maTgans Caerios gulsatken qcevaSi.
160
* gamoiyeneT es savarjiSo imis gansaxilvelad, Tu rogor iyeneben bavSvebi sxvadasxa

gamonaTqvams jgufSi. aris iseTi gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic, bavSvebis azriT, jgufSi saerTod
ar unda ixmarebodes?
* Tuki jgufis qcevis wesebi ukve dadgenilia, daamateT maT sxvadasxva gamonaTqvamTan
dakavSirebuli wesi.
* am savarjiSoSi wamyvans didi sifrTxile marTebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom bavSvebma jer kidev
adreuli asakidan bevri `cudi sityva“ ician, isini ufrosebTan am Temaze iSviaTad saubroben.
me-2 da me-4 punqtebma SesaZloa uxerxuloba da nervuli sicili gamoiwvios bavSvebSi. wamyvanma
maT unda ganumartos, rom am konteqstSi am sityvebis gameoreba dasaSvebia da rom es mxolod
ganxilvaa da maT xmarebas ar niSnavs.
* kargi iqneba, Tuki sityvebi xmamaRla ki ar iTqmeba, aramed furcelze daiwereba, garda me-3
punqtSi moyvanili savarjiSosa, sadac bavSvebi ganmartaven, misaRebia Tu ara ama Tu im sityvis
gamoyeneba.
* ZiriTadi sganmanaTleblo datvirTva am savarjiSosi SemdegSia: erTi da igive sityva
SesaZloa sxvadasxva grZnobas gamoxatavdes, magaliTad, sityva, romelic erTi bavSvisTvis
saxumaroa, meoresTvis SeiZleba gulsatkeni iyos. nu miscemT SesaZleblobas, rom diskusiam
zemoqmedeba moaxdinos mgrZnobiare bavSvebze. Tu saWiroa, ufro meti dro dauTmeT zogierTi
gamonaTqvamis garCevas da bavSvebis yuradRebis miqcevas maTze.
* es savarjiSo ar aris rekomendebuli sxvadasxva asakis bavSvebisTvis. gaiTvaliswineT,
rom zogierTma bavSvma SesaZloa ar icodes sityvis mniSvneloba, gansakuTrebiT iseTi sityvisa,
romelic seqsis sferosTanaa dakavSirebuli. umcrosi asakis bavSvebs SesaZloa ar esmiT, rom
zogierTi sityva seqsualur qcevasTan aris dakavSirebuli. moaxdineT am savarjiSos adaptireba
bavSvebis asakTan.
* am savarjiSosTvis ganxilvas didi mniSvneloba aqvs. mieciT bavSvebs sakmarisi dro,
rom sakuTar kategoriebad dayon gamonaTqvamebi/sityvebi da TavianTi sakuTari daskvnebi
gamoitanon, sxvagvarad kavSiri adamianis uflebebTan susti iqneba.
adaptirebuli varianti umcrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis
* es savarjiSo SeiZleba warmatebiT iqnes modificirebuli umcrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis

(magaliTad, 8-10 wlis an ufro mcire asakis), Tu gamotovebuli iqneba miTiTebebis punqti 1 da
mxolodkiTxva 1 savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvidan. savarjiSos dasasruls wamyvani bavSvebTan
erTad fiqrobs, Tu rogor aviciloT Tavidan gulsatkeni sityvebis xmareba.
ufrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis: SeiZleba savarjiSo daiyos da or sxvadasxva dRes Catardes.

magaliTad, pirvel dRes Catardes savarjiSo da savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvis punqti 1 da 2,
xolo momdevno dRes Catardes punqtebi 3 da 4 imisTvis, rom bavSvebs mieces dro, gaiTavison is,
rac iswavles da metad informirebulebma ganagrZon dakvirveba maT garSemo arsebul garemoze.
umcrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis: savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvis punqti 1 SesaZloa sakmarisi

iyos. mas SeiZleba mohyves rolebis gaTamaSeba gulsatkeni gamonaTqvamebis Temaze.
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29. umniSvnelovanesi visTvis?
Tqveni prioritetebi SeiZleba Cemsas ar daemTxves!
asaki: 10-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: prioritetebis gansazRvra, konsensusis miRweva, diskusia
savarjiSos bavSvebi gadawyveten, romeli muxli amoiRon bavSvis uflebaTa

aRwera: konvenciidan, da msjeloben am amoRebis Sedegebis da uflebebis
urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb

x gageba imisa, Tu rogor aris uflebebi sayovelTao, xelSeuvali
da urTierTdamokidebuli
momzadeba: daamzadeT baraTebi, romlebzec weria bavSvis uflebebi
masalebi: x furclebi da kalmebi

x didi formatis furclebi da markerebi
x imdeni baraTi, romlebzec bavSvis uflebebi iqneba dawerili,
ramdenic bavSvebis naxevars eyofa
miTiTebebi
1. daiwyeT savarjiSo jgufuri msjelobiT bavSvis uflebebze, raTa gansazRvroT, ramdenad

icnoben bavSvebi bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias da/an gaaxsenoT bavSvebs is, rac maT SeiZleba adre
aqvT gagonili bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb. Tu jgufma araferi icis bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb,
daiwyeT qvemoT SemoTavazebuli adaptaciiT.
2. dayaviT bavSvebi or-oTxkacian patara jgufebad da TiToeul jgufs mieciT bavSvis
uflebebis ori baraTi, kalami da furceli. auxseniT maT, rom TiToeul baraTze weria
konkretuli ufleba bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciidan. sTxoveT bavSvebs, xmamaRla waikiTxon
baraTze dawerili ori muxli konvenciidan da gadawyviton, am uflebebidan romelia maTTvis
ufro mniSvnelovani. Semdeg maT unda daweron is mizezebi, romelTa gamoc erT uflebas mianiWes
upiratesoba.
3. SekribeT ,,naklebadmniSvnelovani” uflebebis baraTebi. sTxoveT TiToeul oTxwevrian
jgufs, aiRon maT mier SerCeuli baraTebi da SeuerTdnen meore jgufs. am SedarebiT mozrdil
rvawevrian jgufSi gaimeoreT pirveli nabiji - gadawyviton, or baraTze dawerili bavSvis
uflebebidan romelia maTTvis ufro mniSvnelovani, da daweron amis mizezebi.
4. isev SekribeT `naklebadmniSvnelovani~ uflebebis baraTebi. CamowereT isini didi
formatis furclebze saTauriT `naklebadmniSvnelovani uflebebi~.
5. mas Semdeg, rac jgufebi saboloo arCevans gaakeTeben, yoveli jgufis TiTo warmomadgenels
sTxoveT, xmamaRla waikiTxos bavSvis is ufleba, romelic maT yvelaze mniSvnelovnad miiCnies,
da axsnas am arCevanis mizezebi. TiToeuli uflebis wakiTxvis Semdeg dawereT igi didi formatis
furclebze saTauriT `Cveni uflebebi~. imisda mixedviT, Tu ra sididis jgufebia, sabolood
2-dan 4 uflebamde darCeba.
6. ganixileT arCevanis gakeTebis procesi:
a. gagiZneldaT Tu ara am arCevanis gakeTeba? ratom?
b. ra faqtorebma ganapiroba erTi uflebisTvis upiratesobis miniWeba?
g. am savarjiSos mimdinareobisas xom ar SegecvalaT warmodgena imaze, Tu
romeli uflebaa yvelaze mniSvnelovani?
d. eTanxmebiT Tu ara im mizezebs, romlebiTac sxva jgufebma axsnes TavianTi arCevani?
ratom eTanxmebiT an ar eTanxmebiT?
7. alalbedze daarigeT `naklebadmniSvnelovani~ uflebebis baraTebi da bavSvebs sTxoveT,
162
xmamaRla waikiTxon isini. isaubreT, ra SeiZleboda momxdariyo am uflebebis sinamdvileSi
uaryofis SemTxvevaSi.
a. SearCieT ramdenime konkretuli `naklebadmniSvnelovani~ ufleba da sTxoveT
bavSvebs, warmoidginon, ra moxdeboda maT gareSe (magaliTad,, Svilad ayvanis
da alternatiuli mzrunvelobis ufleba, ojaxur garemoSi cxovrebis ufleba,
TamaSisa da kulturul RonisZiebebSi monawileobis ufleba).
b. rogor imoqmedebda Tqvenze piradad, am `naklebadmniSvnelovani~ uflebebidan
romelime rom marTla dagekargaT?
g. rogor imoqmedebda SerCeul uflebebze am `naklebadmniSvnelovani~
uflebebis dakargva?
1. SeaxseneT bavSvebs sayovelTaoobis fundamenturi principi: nebismier adamians yvela

ufleba aqvs, da imsjeleT:
a. ratom aris mniSvnelovani, rom yvela adamians erTnairi uflebebi hqondes?
2. SeiZleba zog adamians waarTvan garkveuli uflebebi? ratom?
a. isaubreT bavSvis yvela uflebis qonis mniSvnelobaze. ar aris aucilebeli
iseTi terminebis gamoyeneba, rogorebicaa `xelSeuvaloba~ an
ùrTierTdamokidebuleba~, magram daexmareT bavSvebs, mixvdnen, rom nebismier
adamians sWirdeba yvela ufleba.
b. konkretuli magaliTebiT aCveneT uflebebis urTierTdamokidebuleba
(magaliTad,, ganaTlebis miRebis uflebis da informaciis miRebis da gavrcelebis
uflebisa; ojaxSi cxovrebis uflebis da mSoblebisgan gancalkevebis
dauSveblobis uflebisa).
3. sTxoveT bavSvebs, gaixsenon magaliTebi imisa, rogor sWirdebaT maT yvela es ufleba.
a. imsjeleT imaze, rom romelime uflebisTvis upiratesobis miniWeba individis
prioritetebzea damokidebuli (magaliTad,, `me arasdros vyofilvar
dapatimrebuli~, an `me orive mSobelTan erTad vcxovrob~), Tumca bavSvis
uflebaTa konvencia msoflios yvela bavSvis saWiroebebs iTvaliswinebs.
b. sTxoveT bavSvebs, moifiqron iseTi situaciebi, sadac yoveli
`naklebadmniSvnelovani~ ufleba SeiZleba umniSvnelovanesi aRmoCndes
konkretuli bavSvis gadarCenis an keTildReobisTvis.
* savarjiSo `Cveni jgufis konstitucia~, gv.120, akavSirebs uflebebs pasuxismgeblobebTan.

* sxva savarjiSoebi, romlebic exeba bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias, aris `samagido TamaSebi~,
gv. 147, da `kurdRlis uflebebi~, gv. 124.
* savarjiSo `gemiT mgzavroba axali kontinentisken ~, gv. 74, aseve moiTxovs bavSvebisgan
uflebebs Soris prioritetebis gansazRvras.
* daexmareT bavSvebs im uflebebis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi gamoyenebis magaliTebis

motanaSi, romlebic ganixiles.
* moiZieT da/an gamoikvlieT istoriebi bavSvis uflebebis darRvevis an dacvis Sesaxeb,
gansakuTrebiT iseTi istoriebi (magaliTad,, bavSvis Sromis Sesaxeb), romlebic ucxoa
bavSvebisTvis.
* SedarebiT mcirewlovan bavSvebs SeiZleba zogi uflebis metad ganmarteba dasWirdeT.

* wamyvanma yvela jgufis gadawyvetileba ukomentarod unda miiRos. romelime jgufis
gadawyvetileba mxolod sxva bavSvebma SeiZleba uaryon.
* ar aris saWiro iseTi iuridiuli terminebis gamoyeneba, rogorebicaa `xelSeuvaloba~ an
ùrTierTdamokidebuleba~, raTa bavSvebma ZiriTadi koncefcia gaigon.
* savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvisTvis moamzadeT magaliTebi imaze, Tu ra SeiZleba moxdes
romelime konkretuli uflebis warTmevis SemTxvevaSi.
* gaagebineT bavSvebs, rom yvelaferi ufleba ar aris.
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am savarjiSoSi igulisxmeba, rom bavSvebs gaaCniaT garkveuli codna bavSvis uflebaTa

konvenciis Sesaxeb. Tu bavSvebma bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Sesaxeb araferi ician, daiwyeT
savarjiSo bavSvis uflebebis gacnobiT da Semdeg Tavad bavSvebs moamzadebineT bavSvis uflebebis
baraTebi. dayaviT bavSvebi wyvilebad da bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis sabavSvo versiidan mieciT
erTi an ori muxlis teqsti, muyaos baraTebi da saxatavi saSualebebi. sTxoveT maT, daweron
TiTo ufleba TiTo baraTze da daasuraTon igi. rodesac baraTebi mzad iqneba, TiToeul wyvils
waakiTxeT misi ufleba, aaxsnevineT, ras niSnavs igi da aCveneT maTi naxati mTel jgufs. Semdeg
daiwyeT miTiTebebis me-2 punqtidan. bavSvebs SeiZleba pedagogis daxmareba dasWirdeT maTi
muxlis mniSvnelobis gagebaSi.
dasarigebeli masala: uflebebis baraTebi

bavSvis uflebaTa kon- bavSvis uflebaTa bavSvis uflebaTa bavSvis uflebaTa
vencia konvencia konvencia konvencia
muxli 7 muxli 3 muxli 6 muxli 12
saxeli da moqalaqeoba bavSvis WeSmariti in- sicocxlisa da ganvi- bavSvis Sexedulebebi

teresebi Tarebis ufleba
bavSvs gaaCnia ufleba
hqondes saxeli. bavSvs bavSvis mimarT nebis- yovel bavSvs aqvs sic- bavSvs ufleba aqvs,
aseve aqvs ufleba mi- mieri qmedebis ganx- ocxlis xelSeuxebeli Tavisuflad gamoTqvas
iRos moqalaqeoba da, orcielebisas srulad ufleba da saxelmwifo Tavisi azri da Sexed-
ramdenadac es SesaZle- unda iqnes gaTval- valdebulia uzrunve- ulebebi nebismier
belia, icnobdes Tavis iswinebuli bavSvis lyos bavSvis sicocx- sakiTxze, romelic
mSoblebs da maTi mz- WeSmariti interesebi. lis SenarCuneba da mas exeba. amasTan, am
runvelobiT iyos gare- jansaRi ganviTareba. Sexedulebebs angariSi
mosili. unda gaewios bavSvis
bedTan dakavSirebuli
nebismieri sakiTxis
gadawyvetisas.
bavSvis uflebaTa bavSvis uflebaTa bavSvis uflebaTa bavSvis uflebaTa

konvencia konvencia konvencia konvencia
muxli 9 muxli 27 muxli 28 muxli 13
mSoblebTan cxovrebis cxovrebis saTanado ganaTleba informaciis xelmis-

ufleba done awvdomoba
bavSvs ufleba aqvs mSoblebs ekisrebaT bavSvs ufleba aqvs mi- bavSvs ufleba aqvs
icxovros Tavis pasuxismgebloba, uz- iRos iseTi ganaTleba, miiRos da gaavrcelos
mSoblebTan erTad, runvelyon bavSvis gan- romelic mimarTu- informacia masobrivi
garda im SemTxvevebisa, viTarebisTvis saWiro li iqneba bavSvis informaciis saSuale-
rodesac es ewinaaRmde- cxovrebis pirobebi. pirovnebis, misi niWis bebidan. televizia, ra-
geba bavSvis WeSmarit saxelmwifo, ganviTarebisken da dio da gazeTebi unda
interesebs (Tu mSo- Tavis mxriv, valde- STaunergavs adamianis avrcelebdnen iseT
beli sastikad eqceva bulia uzrunvelyos uflebebis, kulturu- informacias, romelic
bavSvs). bavSvs, romlis Sesabamisi pirobebi am li TviTmyofadobis da gasagebia bavSvisTvis
mSoblebic gancalkev- pasuxismgeblobis erovnuli faseulobe- da ar unda gaavrcelos
ebulebi arian, aqvs realizaciisTvis, gan- bis pativiscemisken. im saxis informacia,
ufleba SeinarCunos sakuTrebiT Tu orive dawyebiTi ganaTleba romelic sazianoa misi
piradi urTierToba mSobeli muSaobs. unda iyos ufaso. sas- keTildReobisTvis.
orive mSobelTan. bavS- kolo disciplina unda
vebsa da maT mSoblebs efuZnebodes bavSvis
ufleba adamianuri Rirsebis
aqvT datovon nebis- pativiscemas.
mieri saxelmwifo da
dabrundnen Tavis
qveyanaSi ojaxis
gamTlianebis mizniT.
164
dasarigebeli masala: uflebebis baraTebi
bavSvis uflebaTa kon- bavSvis uflebaTa bavSvis uflebaTa bavSvis uflebaTa

vencia konvencia konvencia konvencia
muxlebi 24 da 26 muxli 40 muxli 16 muxli 15
samedicino momsaxure- samarTlebrivi zomebi piradi cxovrebis asociaciaTa Tavisu-

ba da socialuri dacva kanonisdamrRvev dacva fleba
arasrulwlovanTa
bavSvs aqvs ufleba, mimarT bavSvs aqvs piradi bavSvs ufleba aqvs
sargeblobdes xarisxi- cxovrebis xelSeux- Sexvdes sxva adamianebs,
ani samedicino da so- bavSvs, romelsac eblobis ufleba. bavSvi gaxdes ama Tu im jgu-
cialuri momsaxure- bralad edeba kanonis kanoniT daculi unda fis an organizaciis
biT, sasmeli wyliT, darRveva, ufleba aqvs iyos piradi cxovrebis, wevri, Tu amiT ar iz-
srulfasovani sakvebiT isargeblos samarT- reputaciis, ojaxis da Rudeba sxvaTa ufle-
da sufTa garemoTi. lebrivi daxmare- sacxovrebeli binis bebi.
biT. Tavisuflebis xelyofisgan.
aRkveTis RonisZieba
gamoyenebuli unda
iqnes mxolod umZimesi
danaSaulisTvis.
bavSvis uflebaTa bavSvis uflebaTa bavSvis uflebaTa bavSvis uflebaTa

konvencia konvencia konvencia konvencia
muxli 18 muxli 14 muxlebi 30 da 31 muxlebi 9, 20 da 21
mSobelTa valdebule- azris, TamaSi da kulturuli saxelmwifos mova-

bebi sindisisa da religiis cxovreba leobaa uzrunvelyos
Tavisufleba bavSvebi alterna-
mSoblebs ekisrebaT tiuli mzrunvelobiT,
ZiriTadi pasuxismge- bavSvs aqvs ufleba yvela bavSvs aqvs pativi sces bavSvis
bloba bavSvis sargeblobdes azris, dasvenebis da TamaSis religiur, kulturul,
aRzrdaze. orive mSob- sindisisa da religiis ufleba, gasarTob da eTnikur warmomav-
lis saerTo da Tana- TavisuflebiT, Tu kulturul lobas da uzrunvely-
bari pasuxismgeblobaa amiT ar izRudeba RonisZiebebSi os, rom bavSvis Svilad
bavSvis aRzrda da sxvaTa uflebebi. monawileobis ufleba, ayvanis nebarTvas
maT yovelTvis unda mSoblebi unda xelmZ- agreTve ufleba, ez- iZleodenen
gaiTvaliswinon bavSvis Rvanelobdnen bavSvebs iaros xelovnebas. mxolod kompetenturi
yvelaze WeSmariti am sakiTxebSi. organoebi.
interesebi.
165
30. uflebebis moniSvna rukaze
sad iwyeba adamianis uflebebi?...
patara adgilebSi saxlTan axlos!
sirTulis done: me-2 da me-3 doneebi
asaki: 8-13 weli
xangrZlivoba: 60 wuTi — ramdenime dRe
savarjiSos tipi: xatva, analizi, diskusia
savarjiSos bavSvebi muSaoben erTad, rom Seqmnan TavianTi ubnis ruka da

aRwera: gansazRvron ZiriTad institutebTan asocirebuli uflebebi
miznebi: x adamianis uflebebSi gaTviTcnobiereba

x adamianis uflebaTa im adgilebTan dakavSireba, sadac bavSvebs
yoveldRiurad uxdebaT yofna
x adamianis uflebaTa mdgomareobis Sefaseba im sazogadoebaSi,
romelSic bavSvebi izrdebian
momzadeba: x SedarebiT mcirewlovani bavSvebisTvis: rukis monaxazis Seqmna
masalebi: x saxatavi saSualebebi, didi formatis furclebi

x adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis adaptirebuli
versiis aslebi
miTiTebebi
1. dayaviT bavSvebi mcirericxovan jgufebad da mieciT saxatavi saSualebebi da didi

formatis furclebi. sTxoveT, daxaton ubani sadac isini cxovroben (an sofeli, Tu Temi
SedarebiT pataraa). igi unda moicavdes maT saxlebs, ZiriTad sazogadoebriv obieqtebs
(magaliTad,, parkebs, fostas, merias, skolebs, religiur Senobebs), sazogadoebriv samsaxurebs
(magaliTad,, saavadmyofoebs, saxanZro samsaxurs, policias) da nebismier sxva obieqts, romelic
mniSvnelovania adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis (magaliTad,, produqtis maRaziebs, sasaflaos,
kinoTeatrs, afTiaqs da sxv.).
2. rukebis Sedgenis Semdeg sTxoveT bavSvebs, gaaanalizon TavianTi rukebi adamianis
uflebebis kuTxiT. adamianis romel uflebebs ukavSireben rukebze aRniSnul sxvadasxva obieqts?
magaliTad, religiur Senobas azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisuflebas; skolas _ ganaTlebis
miRebis uflebas; fostas _ piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebas da azris gamoxatvis
Tavisuflebas, biblioTekas an internet-kafes _ informaciis miRebis da gadacemis uflebas.
am uflebebis gansazRvris Semdeg bavSvebma unda moZebnon adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaraciaSi Sesabamisi muxli (muxlebi) da rukaze obieqts miuweron muxlis (muxlebis)
nomeri.
3. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs, anaxos Tavisi ruka mTel jgufs da mokled Seajamos adamianis
is uflebebi, romlebic mis TemSi gamoiyeneba.

a. Zneli iyo Tqveni ubnis rukis daxatva?
b. raime axali xom ar SegityviaT Tqveni ubnis
Sesaxeb?
wyaro: adaptirebu-
g. gagikvirdaT adamianis uflebaTa aRmoCena Tqvens
lia anet fei iakobsenis
ubanSi?
prezentaciidan, adami-
d. riT gansxvavdeba Tqveni ruka sxvaTa
anis uflebaTa daniis
rukebisgan?
instituti
2. daukavSireT savarjiSo adamianis uflebebs Semdegi
kiTxvebis dasmiT:
166
a. Tu aris Tqvens rukaze iseTi adgili, romelTanac
adamianis mravali uflebaa dakavSirebuli?
b. Tu aris iseTi adgili, romelTanac mxolod oriode an arcerTi uflebaa
dakavSirebuli?
g. aris Tu ara adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi iseTi muxlebi,
romlebsac Tqvens TemSi gansakuTrebiT iyeneben?
d. aris iseTi muxlebi adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi, romlebic
arcerT jgufs ar gamouyenebia sakuTar rukebze? riT SeiZleba es aixsnas?
e. aris Tu ara iseTi obieqtebi Tqvens ubanSi, sadac adamianis uflebebi irRveva?
v. arian Tu ara iseTi adamianebi Tqvens TemSi, romelTa uflebebic irRveva?
z. ra xdeba Tqvens TemSi, rodesac vinmes ufleba irRveva?
T. aris iseTi adgilebi Tqvens TemSi, romlebsac adamianebi mimarTaven, raTa
daicvan adamianis uflebebi an Tavidan aicilon maTi darRveva?
* Tqveni rukebis gamoyenebiT gaiseirneT ubanSi da daakvirdiT uflebebis praqtikul

gamoyenebas.
* savarjiSoSi `kompasitos~ reportiori~, gv. 117, bavSvebs aseve moeTxovebaT TavianTi
Temis Sefaseba adamianis uflebebis TvalsazrisiT.
moiwvieT ubnis socialuri muSaki, Zveli mkvidri an adgilobrivi aqtivisti, romelic mouyveba
jgufs, Tu ras fiqrobs ubanze, rogor icvleba igi da risi gakeTebaa saWiro, rom sacxovreblad
ukeTes adgilad iqces. daexmareT bavSvebs, dafiqrdnen, ra wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT am cvlilebis
ganxorcielebaSi.
* am savarjiSoSi navaraudevia, rom bavSvebi garkveulwilad icnoben adamianis uflebebs

da igi exmareba am konceftualuri codnis nacnob garemoSi gamoyenebas. magram bavSvebs SeiZleba
mainc dasWirdeT daxmareba maTTvis Cveuli obieqtebis uflebebTan dakavSirebaSi, magaliTad,
produqtis maRaziis, jandacvis an cxovrebis saTanado donis uflebasTan.
* am savarjiSos gzavnili Zalze dadebiTia: Cven yoveldRe vsargeblobT adamianis
uflebebiT Cvens ubanSi. uflebebis darRvevis SemTxvevebi SegiZliaT sxva dRes ganixiloT, raTa
saSualeba misceT bavSvebs, gaiTavison es pozitiuri efeqti.
* zog mcirewlovan bavSvs SeiZleba ar hqondes rukis wakiTxvis gamocdileba da dro
dasWirdes gasagebad da SesaCvevad. SegiZliaT daiwyoT im oTaxis, saTamaSo moednis an Senobis
rukis daxatviT, romelSic bavSvebs xvdebiT.
sxvadasxva varianti:
savarjiSos TiToeuli nawili sxvadasxva dRes CaatareT, rac dros miscems bavSvebs,
mieCvion rukis wakiTxvas da SeZlon ubnis rukis Sedgena.
gamouyaviT TiToeul jgufs erTi konkretuli ufleba, romelsac gaiTvaliswineben
rukis daxatvis dros.
am savarjiSosTvis umjobesia adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis nacvlad
gamoiyenoT bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia.
koncentrireba moaxdineT uflebaTa erT sakiTxze, rogoric aris, magaliTad,
araZaladobrivi qceva an cxovrebis adekvaturi pirobebi, da daakvirdiT, ra asaxvas hpovebs es
sakiTxi ubanSi.
adaptacia SedarebiT mcirewlovani bavSvebisTvis:
samuSaod SearCieT bavSvisTvis nacnobi adgili, magaliTad, uSualo Semogareni, skola an

saxli. rac ufro mcirewlovania bavSvi, miT ufro patara unda iyos is midamo, romelsac rukaze
daxatavs.
moamzadeT samganzomilebiani ruka muyaos, yuTebisa da saxatavi masalis gamoyenebiT.
dro rom daizogos da koncentrireba rukis Sedgenis procesze moxdes, mieciT bavSvebs
167
ubnis mza ruka an aerofoto, romelsac Seavseben da aRniSvnebs gaakeTeben. evropis umetesi
nawilis axlo aeroxedebis moZieba SeiZleba Google Earth-ze: http://earth.google.com/download-earth.html
gamotoveT me-2 safexuri, Tu adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis muxlebi
uflebebTan aris dawyvilebuli.
adaptacia SedarebiT mozrdili bavSvebisTvis:
daxateT rukebi masStabSi.

dayaviT bavSvebi jgufebad da TiToeul jgufs gasaanalizeblad mieciT erTi saerTo
rukis calkeuli nawili.
savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvis dros hkiTxeT bavSvebs, maT mier aRniSnul uflebebSi
romelia samoqalaqo da politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebi. xom ar
sWarbobs rukaze erTi saxis ufleba? xom ar sWarbobs erTi saxis ufleba romelime konkretul
ubanSi (magaliTad, meti samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia
sasamarTlosTan, meriasTan an policiasTan)?
168
31. uflebebis moZravi konstruqcia
vamayob, rom SemiZlia yvelas davanaxo Cemi uflebebi
eb
Temebi: adamianis zogadi uflebebi, genderuli Tanasworoba
sirTulis done: me-2
asaki: 10—13 weli
xangrZlivoba: 120—180 wuTi
jgufis sidide: 1—20 bavSvi
savarjiSos tipi: SemoqmedebiTi savarjiSo
savarjiSos bavSvebi amzadeben moZrav konstuqcias (ix. am savarjiSos

aRwera: bolos mocemuli suraTi), romelzec dakidebulia furclebi
maTTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani uflebebis aRweriT
miznebi: x ZiriTadi uflebebis arssa da Sinaarsze msjeloba

x imis gansazRvra, Tu romeli uflebebia daculi im
garemoSi, romelSic vcxovrobT
x imis gansazRvra, Tu rogor gavlenas axdens genderuli
gansxvaveba adamianis uflebebze
momzadeba: x winaswar mosinjeT konstruqciis damzadeba

x aCveneT ukve damzadebuli konstruqcia bavSvebs, rom
miaxvedroT, ra moeTxovebaT
x did furclebze an dafaze CamowereT aTi ZiriTadi
uflebis Semoklebuli varianti
x gamoWeriT adamianebis gamosaxulebebi
masalebi: x TeTri muyaos qaRaldidan gamoWrili adamianis

gamosaxuleba
x gasaferadebeli masalebi (mag. cvilis fanqrebi,
saRebavebi, markerebi)
x lurji, TeTri da wiTeli mogrZo furclebi, sam—sami
TiToeuli bavSvisaTvis
x didi formatis furclebi an dafa uflebebis
Camosawerad
x patara, msubuqi, 20 sm sigrZis joxebi (xis, plastmasis
an metalis)
x wvrili Toki
x webo, webovani lenti an `stepleri“; qinZisTavebi an
patara lursmnebi
x makratlebi
x (ar aris savaldebulo) Jurnali ilustraciebis
amosaWrelad
miTiTebebi
1. savarjiSos dawyebisTanave aCveneT bavSvebs moZravi konstruqcia da auxseniT, rom maT
unda gaakeTon aseTive konstuqcia, romelzec daikideba furclebi adamianis uflebebis aRweriT
(ix. ilustracia).
2. sTxoveT bavSvebs, rom ramdenime wuTis ganmavlobaSi erTmaneTSi isaubron (wyvilad) da
gansazRvron, Tu ra aris maT cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovani (magaliTad, ojaxi, megobrebi, saWmeli,
saxli, skola, TamaSi).
3. mieciT TiToeul bavSvs carieli qaRaldisgan gamoWrili adamianis gamosaxuleba.
sTxoveT, rom erT mxares Tavisi saxeli daweron, meore mxares ki sakuTari Tavis aRmniSvneli
raime simbolo gamosaxon.
4. auxseniT bavSvebs, rom adamians yvela ufleba Tanabrad sWirdeba da maT Soris arCevanis
gakeTeba ar SeuZlia. miuxedavad amisa, moZravi konstruqciisTvis bavSvebma unda gamoyon
is ufleba, romelic maTTvis yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovania. mieciT TiToebul bavSvs sami
169
wiTeli, sami lurji da sami TeTri mogrZo furceli da auxseniT, rom wiTeli niSnavs yvelaze
mniSvnelovans, lurji – mniSvnelovans da TeTri _ naklebad mniSvnelovans.
5. aCveneT bavSvebs did furclebze Camowerili uflebebi. waukiTxeT maT uflebebis
adaptirebuli versia da imsjeleT TiToeul muxlSi mocemul uflebebze. hkiTxeT bavSvebs, Tu
ras niSnavs esa Tu is muxli da sTxoveT, mogiyvanon TiToeul muxlSi aRwerili uflebis magaliTi.
Semdeg dafaze CamoTvlili uflebebidan bavSvebma maTTvis yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovani unda
amoarCion da wiTel furclebze daweron. naklebadmniSvnelovani uflebebi lurj furclebze
unda daweron, xolo yvelaze naklebadmniSvnelovani – TeTr furclebze. axseniT, rom miuxedavad
yvela uflebiT sargeblobis SesaZleblobisa, am savarjiSosTvis bavSvebma is cxra ufleba unda
airCion, romlebic maTTvis yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovania.
6. mas Semdeg, rac bavSvebi ferad mogrZo furclebze maTTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovan cxra
uflebas Camoweren, auxseniT, rogor daamzadon moZravi konstruqcia. uCveneT, Tu rogor unda
uzrunvelyon konstruqciis wonasworoba.
7. dakideT konstruqcia gamosaCen adgilas, magaliTad, WerSi.

1. mas Semdeg, rac bavSvebi konstruqcias daamzadeben, qvemoT mocemuli sqemis mixedviT,
gaaanalizeT uflebebis Tanamimdevroba. imsjeleT miRebul Sedegebze Semdegi kiTxvebis
daxmarebiT:
a. romeli uflebebi aRmoCnda yvelaze mniSvnelovani Cveni jgufisTvis? rogor
axsniT amas?
b. romeli uflebebi aRmoCnda yvelaze naklebadmniSvnelovani Cveni jgufisTvis?
rogor axsniT amas?
g. romeli uflebebia yvelaze mniSvnelovani TqvenTvis? gansxvavdeba Tu ara
Tqveni piradi arCevani jgufis arCevanisgan? rogor axsniT amas?
d. aris Tu ara gansxvaveba biWebis arCevansa da gogonebis arCevans Soris? rogor
axsniT amas?
e. xom ar gegulebaT adamianTa sxva jgufebi, romelTa arCevani Tqvengan
gansxvavebuli iqneba (magaliTad, unarSezRuduli bavSvebi, ltolvilebi,
eTnikuri umciresobebi, ufrosebi)?
v. aris Tu ara daculi es uflebebi Cvens sazogadoebaSi?
2. imsjeleT Catarebuli savarjiSos Sesaxeb Semdegi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT:
a. ra azris xarT Catarebul savarjiSoze?
b. Zneli iyo prioritetuli uflebebis gamoyofa?
g. savarjiSos romeli etapi mogewonaT yvelaze metad da ratom?
d. ramem xom ar gagakvirvaT?
3. daukavSireT Catarebuli savarjiSo adamianis zogad uflebebs qvemoT CamoTvlili
kiTxvebis daxmarebiT:
a. ra aris ufleba?
b. ratom aris mniSvnelovani adamianis yvela uflebiT sargebloba da ara mxolod
im uflebebiT, romlebic yvelaze metad mogvwons?
g. gogoebis da biWebis uflebebi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan?
d. ufrosebs gansxvavebuli uflebebi aqvT?
e. rogor fiqrobT, msoflios yvela qveyanaSi bavSvebs erTnairi uflebebi aqvT?
ratom? Tu ara, ratom ara?
v. ra unda gavakeToT imisTvis, rom msoflios yvela bavSvs cxovrebis Tanabari
pirobebi hqondes?

savarjiSo ùmniSvnelovanesi visTvis?“, gv. 162, exmareba uflebebis erTmaneTze damokidebulebis
cnebis damkvidrebas.
ideebi, romlebic muSaobaSi dagexmarebaT

* daukavSirdiT im adgilobriv organizaciebs, romlebic yvelaze ufro mniSvnelovnad
aRiarebuli uflebebis sferoSi muSaoben, da scadeT maTTan TanamSromloba.
* bavSvebma zogierTi ufleba ar ician da amis gamo SesaZloa is nakleb mniSvnelovnad
CaTvalon. SeiswavleT es uflebebi da daadgineT, Tu ra roli eniWeba maT sazogadoebaSi.
* dakideT bavSvebis mier damzadebuli konstruqciebi da maTze mimagrebuli uflebebi
sajaro TavSeyris adgilas (magaliTad, biblioTekaSi, fostaSi, skolis derefnebSi). gamoiyeneT
es masalebi 10 dekembers adamianis uflebebis dRis aRniSvnisas an sxva RirSesaniSnav dReebSi (ix.
àdamianis uflebebis kalendari,“ gv. 54).
170
* xazgasmiT aRniSneT, rom arc Cven gvaqvs adamianis uflebebis SerCevis ufleba da arc
mTavrobas. Cven yvela ufleba Tanabrad gvWirdeba. ganmarteT, rom es savarjiSo exmareba
bavSvebs, daadginon, romeli uflebaa piradad maTTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani. miuTiTeT, rom
mniSvnelovania uflebebis urTierTdamokidebulebis aRniSvna `miTiTebebis“ mesame safexurze
da `savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvis da Sefasebis“ pirveli nawilis pirvelkiTxvaSi.
* winaswar daamzadeT mcire zomis konstruqcia da ivarjiSeT konstruqciis wonasworobis
da furclebs Soris swori intervalebis dacvaSi, aseve imaSi, Tu rogor unda miamagroT qaRaldi
joxebs da Tokebs, webovani lentis, webos Tu stepleris gamoyenebiT.
* bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciidan SegiZliaT is uflebebi airCioT, romlebic Tqvens jgufs
yvelaze metad miesadageba.
sxvadasxva varianti:
ufro didxans gaagrZeleT es savarjiSo. bavSvebs SeuZliaT daamzadon dakidebuli
konstruqcia, romelic mTel sazogadoebas, evropas an msoflios gamoxatavs.
mieciT bavSvebs qaRaldis cxra feradi mogrZo lenti, magram arCevani maT cxraze meti
uflebidan unda gaakeTon.
sTxoveT bavSvebs gamoWran sakuTari siluetebi.
sTxoveT bavSvebs, daxaton naxatebi feradi qaRaldis lentebze an gamoWran da daawebon
am lentebze uflebebis gamomxatveli (Jurnalidan amoWrili) suraTebi.
ufro meti vizualuri efeqtis mosaxdenad daamzadeT didi zomis dakidebuli
konstruqcia.
jgufis sididis, droisa da wamyvanTa raodenobis gaTvaliswinebiT bavSvebs SeuZliaT
imuSaon rogorc cal-calke, ise mcirericxovan jgufebSi. jgufuri muSaobisas biWebi da gogonebi
calke unda vamuSaoT, rom gamoCndes genderuli Taviseburebebi uflebebTan mimarTebaSi.
mcire asakis bavSvebisTvis: maT SeiZleba wamyvanis daxmareba dasWirdeT;
ufrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis: sTxoveT bavSebs, daamzadon dasakidi konstuqcia mcirericxovan
jgufebSi, sadac yvela unda SeTanxmdes imaze, Tu ra Camokidon konstuqciaze. `savarjiSosSemdgom
ganxilvasa da SefasebaSi“ mocemul itxvebs unda daematos iseTi kiTxvebi, romlebic jgufur
muSaobas da saboloo teqstze SeTanxmebis miRwevas daexmareba.
moZravi konstruqcia, romelzec dakidebulia

furclebi adamianis uflebebis aRweriT
171
uflebebis sqema
qvemoT moyvanili sqema SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes TiToeuli uflebisTvis `qu-

lis“ dasawerad. `wiTeli uflebebi“ aRniSneT 3-iT, `lurji uflebebi“ 2-iT, xolo dar-
Cenili `TeTri uflebebi“ 1-iT.
saerTo saboloo
adamianis uflebebi gogonebi biWebi
Sefaseba Sefaseba
yvela bavSvs aqvs dacvis ufleba
yvela bavSvs aqvs ganaTlebis ufleba
yvela bavSvs aqvs jandacvis ufleba
yvela bavSvs aqvs Tavisufali droisa da
TamaSis ufleba
yvela bavSvs aqvs saxelis da
erovnebis ufleba
yvela bavSvs aqvs religiis arCevis ufleba
yvela bavSvs aqvs informaciis miRebisa da
gavrcelebis ufleba
yvela bavSvs aqvs jgufad Sekrebis ufleba
yvela bavSvs aqvs ufleba, icxovros saxlSi
Tavis ojaxTan erTad
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32. uxmo diqtori
damakvirdi da Cemi tuCebis moZraobiT mixvdi, ras vambob
Temebi: diskriminacia, janmrTeloba, monawileoba
sirTulis done: me-2
asaki: 8-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: rolebis TamaSi, gamocnoba
savarjiSos bavSvebi uxmod kiTxuloben bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis erT-erT

aRwera: muxls; maTi jgufis wevrebi akvirdebian maTi tuCebis moZraobas da
cdiloben, gaigon am muxlis Sinaarsi
Mmiznebi: x imis gacnobiereba, Tu ra problemebis winaSe dganan

smenadaqveiTebuli adamianebi
x imaSi garkveva, Tu rogoria tuCebis moZraobiT metyvelebis
aRqmis unari da rogor SevuwyoT mas xeli
x bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis muxlebis gameoreba
x pozitiuri diskriminaciis aucileblobis gacnobiereba
momzadeba: x yvela bavSvisTvis moamzadeT baraTebi, romlebzec

mocemulia bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciidan SerCeuli
muxlebi. yovel baraTze unda eweros bavSvis saxeli, muxlis
nomeri da bavSvisTvis gasageb enaze gadmocemuli teqsti
x kolofi gamoWeriT ise, rom gamovides teleekranis msgavsi
CarCo, saidanac diqtori gamova, an gamoiyeneT arsebuli
Tojinebis Teatris scena
x gaamravleT bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis adaptirebuli
versiis teqsti da daurigeT yvela bavSvs
masalebi: x baraTebi, romlebzec bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis muxlebia

mocemuli
x bavSvisTvis gasageb enaze dawerili bavSvis uflebaTa
konvenciis asli
x raime tipis CarCo diqtorisTvis
x CanTa an kalaTa baraTebisTvis, sadac bavSvis uflebaTa
konvenciis muxlebis aRmniSvneli baraTebi Caideba
miTiTebebi
1. ganmarteT, rom am savarjiSos sWirdeba msaji da hkiTxeT bavSvebs, vin imsajebs Tavisi
surviliT. gayaviT bavSvebi sam an oTxkacian gundebad. daurigeT yvelas bavSvis uflebaTa
konvenciis maTTvis gasageb enaze dawerili teqstis aslebi. maTTan erTad gadaxedeT konvencias
da darwmundiT, rom yvela icnobs dokuments.
2. ganmarteT savarjiSo:
a. yoveli gundidan TiTo bavSvi ùxmo mosaubre“ iqneba. msaji sTxovs TiToeul
monawiles, aiRos baraTi, romelzec bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis muxlia
mocemuli. ùxmo diqtori“ dgeba CarCoSi da iwyebs muxliskiTxvas; is asaxelebs
muxlis nomers da saTaurs da Semdeg agrZelebs tuCebis mkafio moZraobiT uxmod
kiTxvas. diqtoris gundis wevrebi cdiloben gamoicnon, Tu romel muxls
kiTxulobs is.
b. msaji wers angariSs TiToeuli gundisTvis. gunds SeuZlia miiRos:
g. sami qula, Tuki saTaursac gaigebs da teqstsac.
d. erTi qula, Tuki gamoicnobs muxlis saTaurs da im uflebas, romelic
masSia aRwerili.
e. Tuki gundi diqtoris mier muxlis kiTxvis dasrulebamde mas ver gamoicnobs,
is qulas ver miiRebs.
3. daiwyeT savarjiSo. mas Semdeg, rac gundis TiToeuli wevri diqtoris rols Seasrulebs,
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gamoacxadeT pirveli raundis qulebi. is gundi, romlis wevri umaRles qulas miiRebs, iwyebs
Semdeg raunds. savarjiSo iqamde unda gagrZeldes, sanam yvela bavSvi ar iTamaSebs diqtoris
rols.
1. moawyveT savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilva Semdegi kiTxvebis gamoyenebiT:

a. ras grZnobdi uxmod kiTxvis dros? Zneli iyo? saxaliso iyo? damRleli iyo?
b. ra aadvilebs uxmodkiTxvas? ra arTulebs mas?
g. riT exmarebodi uxmod kiTxvisas msmenelebs da rogor gauadvile maT teqstis
gageba?
d. riT gansxvavdebodnen diqtorebi erTmaneTisgan? iyo Tu ara zogierTi diqtoris
gageba ufro advili?
e. iyo Tu ara zogierTi bgera an sityva ufro ioli gasagebi sxvebTan SedarebiT?
2. ganixileT es savarjiSo smenadaqveiTebulTa konteqstSi. amaSi Semdegi kiTxvebi
dagexmarebaT:
a. Cvens sazogadoebaSi arian adamianebi, visac mudmivad tuCebis moZraobaze
dakvirveba sWirdeba. vin arian es adamianebi ?
b. icnobT vinmes, visac smenasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi aqvs?
g. bgeris warmoTqmisas tuCebze dakvirvebiT gamonaTqvamis mxolod erTi mesamedis
gagebaa SesaZlebeli. rogor igrZnobdi Tavs, sul rom tuCebis moZraobaze
gixdebodes dakvireba? damRleli iqneboda? saxaliso iqneboda?
d. aRwere is yoveldRiuri situacia, romelSic smenadaqveiTebul adamians
gansakuTrebiT uWirs yofna.
3. ganixileT smenis daqveiTeba adamianis uflebebis konteqstSi Semdegi kiTxvebis
daxmarebiT:
a. ra aZlevs smenadaqveiTebul adamianebs Cvens sazogadoebaSi usafrTxod da
mSvidad cxovrebis saSualebas? sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi monawileobis
miRebis saSualebas?
b. smenadaqveiTebul bavSvebs raime gansakuTrebuli, maTTvis aucilebeli xom ar
sWirdebaT?
g. ra saSualebiT exmareba Cveni sazogadoeba smenadaqveiTebulebs?
sxva SezRuduli unaris mqone adamianebs?
d. Tqven riT SegiZliaT unarSezRuduli adamianebis daxmareba?
e. aqvT Tu ara SezRuduli unaris mqone adamianebs ufleba, hqondes is, rac
sWirdebaT? ratom?
v. axseniT, rom bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis muxli 23 naTlad gansazRvravs, rom
unarSezRudul bavSvebs aqvT ufleba, miiRon daxmareba, raTa srulad SeZlon
TavianTi uflebebis ganxorcieleba. ra uSlis xels unarSezRudul bavSvebs, rom
TavianTi uflebebiT isargeblon? ra saxis daxmareba sWirdeba maT?
* savarjiSo saTauriT `Tvalaxveuli“, gv. 104, im adamianebis gansakuTrebul saWiroebebs

Seexeba, romlebic mxedvelobasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
* moswavleebs SeuZliaT Caataron skolis an Temis ùxmo kvleva“ da daadginon, Tu ra

situaciaSi eqmnebaT smenadaqveiTebul bavSvebs gansakuTrebuli problemebi, Semdeg ki SeuZliaT
gamoikvlion, Tu risi gakeTebaa saWiro konkretuli situaciis gasaumjobeseblad.
* bavSvebi SeiZleba gavacnoT Jestebis im enebs, romlebic dRes namdvil enebadaa miCneuli.
gaacaniT bavSvebs Jestebis is ena, romelic maT qveyanaSi ixmareba.
* moswavleebs SeuZliaT smenadaqveiTebuli bavSvebisTvis saswavlo masalebis mofiqreba-
damzadebaSi daxmareba, magaliTad, bgeriTi saTqmelis Canacvleba vizualuri xerxiT (magaliTad,
Sejibris dawyebisas droSis afrialeba nacvlad bgeriTi signalis micemisa), maT SeuZliaT
moiZion naxatebiT gadmocemuli ambebi, agreTve, waikiTxon teqsti, romelsac Tarjimani kiTxvis
paralelurad Jestebis enaze ìtyvis“. sxva savarjiSoebis Sesaxeb SesaZlo rCevebis misaRebad
SegiZliaT mimarToT adgilobriv yru-munjTa sazogadoebas.
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* es TamaSi unda miesadagebodes bavSvebis asaks, kiTxvis unars da adamianis uflebebis

Sesaxeb miRebul codnas. Tuki bavSvebikiTxvaSi kargad gawafulni ar arian da jer ar ician
adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb, es savarjiSo unda gamartivdes da konvenciis muxlebis wakiTxvis
nacvlad bavSvebma mxolod saTaurebi unda waikiTxon.
* rac SeiZleba naklebi yuradReba miaqcieT qulebis daweras, radgan aman bavSebis yuradReba
SeiZleba sxva, ufro naklebad mniSvnelovan sakiTxebze mimarTos. angariSi mxolod raundis
dasrulebisas gamoacxadeT da mieciT ufleba umaRlesi qulis mimReb jgufs, daiwyos Semdegi
raundi. ecadeT, Tavidan aiciloT qulebis dagrovebisken swrafva, Tumca SesaZloa bavSvebisgan
winaaRmdegoba SegvxvdeT.
* wesebSi kargad gasarkvevad TamaSis dawyebamde sTxoveT bavSvebs, ivarjiSon jgufis
wevrebis saxelebis uxmod warmoTqmaSi. damswreT unda gamoicnon, Tu ra saxeli warmoiTqva.
* ganmarteT, SeiZleba Tu ara mimikis da sxeulis moZraobis gamoyeneba. ufro adreuli
asakis bavSvebs SesaZloa am tipis daxmareba dasWirdeT.
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33. fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis
magaliTebi
fizikur/fsiqologiuri zewolis Camdeni nebismieri piri
SeniRbuli laCaria!
Temebi: diskriminacia, Zaladoba
asaki: 7 - 13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: diskusia, moZraoba
savarjiSos aRwera: bavSvebi msjeloben fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis

Camdenebze da aCveneben, Tu rogor moiqcevian
fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi
miznebi: x sxvadasxva saxis fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis

ganxilva
x strategiis, adamianebis da organizaciebis
identificireba fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis
msxverpli bavSvebis dasaxmareblad
x fizikur/fsiqologiur zewolaze reagirebis sxvadasxva
saxis analizi
momzadeba: x danomreT oTaxis 4 kuTxe cifrebiT 1-4. bavSvebma

Tavisuflad unda imoZraon kuTxeebs Soris
masalebi: x sakmarisi sivrce, rom bavSvebma wreSi dajdoma SeZlon

x feradi qaRaldebi
x markerebi
x makrateli
miTiTebebi
1. gaacaniT bavSvebs fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis sgani da dasviT Semdegi kiTxvebi:

ras niSnavs fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewola?
ra saxis fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis ganxorcieleba SeuZliaT adamianebs?
rogor fiqrobT, ratom mimarTaven adamianebi fizikur/fsiqologiur
zewolas erTmaneTis mimarT?
ra gavlenas axdens fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewola maTze, vinc misi msxverpli
xdeba? vinc sxvis mimarT axorcielebs fizikur/fsiqologiur zewolas?
mTels sazogadoebaze?
2. sTxoveT TiToeul bavSvs, gamoWras feradi qaRaldisgan sakuTari xelis gamosaxuleba.
Semdeg yvela TiTisTvis moifiqros TiTo adamiani (magaliTad, megobari, mSobeli, maswavlebeli,
skolis administratori, policia, konsultanti, da-Zma), visac mimarTavs, Tu fizikuri/
fsiqologiuri zewolis msxverpli gaxdeba. sTxoveT bavSvebs isaubron im damxmareebze, vinc
daasaxeles.
3. uTxariT bavSvebs, rom axla ganixilavT sxvadasxva gzas, Tu rogori reagireba SeuZliaT
adamianebs moaxdinon fizikur/fsiqologiur zewolaze. amis sailustraciod:
a. wamyvani waikiTxavs fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis aRweras.
TiToeuli situaciisTvis mocemulia sami savaraudo reagireba. garda amisa,
yovelTvis SeiZleba meoTxe reagirebis mofiqreba.
b. oTaxis TiToeuli kuTxe danomrilia. rodesac Tqven moismenT situacias
da reagirebis SesaZlo variantebs, wadiT im kuTxeSi, romlis nomeric Seesabameba
Tqvens moqmedebas.
4. waikiTxeT fizikur/fsiqologiuri zewolis situacia da mieciT bavSvebs dro, rom airCion
reagirebis saxe da wavidnen oTaxis Sesabamis kuTxeSi. rodesac bavSvebi saTanado pozicias
176
daikaveben, hkiTxeT TiToeul kuTxeSi mdgom bavSvebs, ratom airCies aRniSnuli reagireba, misi
upiratesoba da sirTuleebi. Ria kuTxeSi mdgom bavSvebs sTxoveT, aRweron, Tu rogori iqneba
maTi reagireba.
1. fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis xuTi an eqvsi scenis gaTamaSebis Semdeg gaarCieT

savarjiSo da dasviT Semdegi kiTxvebi:
rogor mogewonaT savarjiSo?
Zneli xom ar iyo zogierT magaliTze reagireba? romelze da ratom?
SegiZliaT Tu ara daukavSiroT romelime magaliTi Tqvens gamocdilebas?
sWirdeba Tu ara daxmareba da mxardaWera fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis msxverpls?
ratom?
vis SeuZlia mimarTos daxmarebis da mxardaWerisTvis fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis
msxverplma?
daasaxeleT zogierTi mizezi, ris gamoc sxvaTa mimarT fizikur/fsiqologiur zewolas
mimarTaven. ramdenad samarTliania es mizezebi?
ras moimoqmedebdiT, fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis msxverpli rom gamxdariyaviT
da is adamiani, visac daxmarebisTvis da mxardaWerisTvis mimarTeT, aranair reagirebas ar
moaxdenda?
aris Tu ara fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis romelime saxeoba, romelsac xSirad
eguebian bavSvebi da ufrosebi?
visi movaleobaa, daexmaros da mxari dauWiros fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis
msxverpl bavSvebs?
SeiZleba Tu ara zrdasruli adamiani gaxdes fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis msxverpli?
daasaxeleT magaliTebi.
visi movaleobaa, daexmaros fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis msxverpl zrdasrul
adamianebs?
ra SeiZleba gakeTdes im adamianebis dasaxmareblad, romlebic Tavad mimarTaven fizikur/
fsiqologiur zewolas sxvaTa mimarT, rom maTi qceva Seicvalos?
ra moxdeba, Tu aravin gauwevs winaaRmdegobas adamianebs, vinc fizikur/fsiqologiur
zewolas mimarTavs sxvaTa winaaRmdeg?
2. daukavSireT es savarjiSo adamianis uflebebs da dasviT Semdegi kiTxvebi:
aqvs vinmes sxvis mimarT fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis ganxorcielebis ufleba?
ratom aqvs an ratom ara aqvs?
adamianis romeli ufleba irRveva, rodesac sxvaTa mimarT fizikur/fsiqologiur
zewolas mimarTaven?
rogor gaaumjobesebs fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis aRkveTa adamianis uflebebis
garemos yvelasTvis?
3. ganxilvis bolos sTxoveT bavSvebs, kvlav daxedon maT mier gamoWril `daxmarebis xels~
da daamaton sxva adamianebi an organizaciebi, romlebsac mimarTaven fizikuri/fsiqologiuri
zewolis SemTxvevaSi. Semdeg `daxmarebis xelebi~ oTaxis romelime adgilze moaTavseT, rom
bavSvebma SeZlon maTi gamoyeneba momavalSi.
SegiZliaT Zaladobis Temis ganxilva gaagrZeloT savarjiSoebiT `rogor aviciloT Zaladoba~,

gv. 140, da `sityvebi, romlebic guls gvtkens~ gv. 159, romlebic yuradRebas amaxvilebs sityvier
fizikur/fsiqologiur zewolaze da SeiZleba zemoxsenebul savarjiSomde an mis Semdeg
CaataroT.
aRwereT is gzebi, romlebic jgufs fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis sawinaaRmdego

kampaniis sawarmoeblad SeuZlia gamoiyenos da sTxoveT Temis wevrebs, rom SeuerTdnen am
iniciativas. magaliTad, moawyveT gamofena da moiwvieT bavSvebTan sasaubrod bavSvTa daxmarebis
organizaciis profesionali muSaki da/an moaxdineT skolaSi momuSave im piris identificireba,
romelsac saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi daxmarebisTvis mimarTaven.
dadgiT Teatraluri warmodgena, romelSic aCvenebT, Tu rogor unda upasuxon bavSvebma im
adamianebs, vinc maT mimarT fizikur/fsiqologiur zewolas eweva.
177
gaarkvieT, arsebobs Tu ara adgilobrivi cxeli xazi bavSvebisTvis, romelzec SeiZleba dareko
fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis SemTxvevaSi. gaigeT, adgilobrivi Temis romel samsaxurebs
SeuZliaT mimarTon bavSvebs daxmarebisTvis. es informacia bavSvebs miawodeT savarjiSos dros
da, Tu SesaZlebelia, moiwvieT am uwyebaTa warmomadgenlebi bavSvebTan sasaubrod.
gaiTamaSeT, rom gaqvT jadosnuri joxi/salaparako joxi an mikrofoni, ise, rom visac azris
gamoTqma surs, Tavis rigs daelodos.
SesaZloa fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis raime forma bavSvebis jgufSic iyos. fizikuri/
fsiqologiuri zewola yvela bavSvze sxvadasxva gavlenas axdens da man mravalnairi forma
SeiZleba miiRos. frTxilad iyaviT im situaciebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic SesaZloa arsebobs
jgufSi da nu gaamaxvilebT yuradRebas romelime personalur situaciaze.
dawereT fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis sakuTari scenebi, romlebsac Tqveni jgufis

bavSvebi ganixilaven, im scenebis nacvlad, romlebic warmodgenili iyo.
dayaviT bavSvebi mcire jgufebad, mieciT maT gansaxilvelad fizikuri/fsiqologiuri
zewolis situaciebi da sTxoveT, gaiTamaSon rogorc fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zewolis, aseve
masze reagirebis scenebi. ganixileT TiToeuli magaliTi da sTxoveT sxva jgufebs, moifiqron
reagirebis alternatiuli gzebi.
dasarigebeli masala: fizikuri/fsiqologiuri

zewolis scenebi
Tqveni amxanagebi udierad mogixsenieben, uzrdel Setyobinebebs gigzavnian da gaiZuleben

sxvadasxva nivTebi misceT. Tqven cudad grZnobT Tavs amis gamo. ra unda gaakeToT aseT
dros?
1. araferi. albaT Secdoma dauSviT, raki Tqveni amxanagebi ase geqcevian.
2. Tqvenc udierad unda moeqceT da daemuqroT.
3. unda daelaparakoT mSoblebs an maswavlebels da mouyveT, rac xdeba.
4. sxvanairad unda moiqceT (Ria kuTxe).
Tqveni klaselebis erTi jgufi mobiluri telefonis gzavnilebiT sawyen Worebs avrcelebs
Tqvens Sesaxeb. bevr bavSvs aRar surs TqvenTan TamaSi da aRarc gelaparakebaT. Tqveni
amxanagebic ki fiqroben, rom SeiZleba es simarTlea. ra unda gaakeToT aseT dros?
1. araferi. aravin ar dagijerebT, Tu yvelas miaCnia, rom Worebi marTalia.
2. Tqvenc unda daiwyoT cudi Worebis gavrceleba sxva bavSvebze.
3. yvelas unda uTxraT, rom Worebi ar Seesabameba simarTles.
Tqveni ufrosi da/Zma gamudmebiT girtyamT rodesac dagimartoxelebT da gemuqrebaT

uaresiT, Tu vinmes etyviT amis Taobaze. ra unda gaakeToT aseT dros?
1. mSoblebs an maswavlebels unda uTxraT, rac xdeba.
2. skolis amxanagebs unda sTxovoT, dagexmaron dasTan/ZmasTan CxubSi.
3. uTxraT das/Zmas, rom unda Sewyvitos aseTi qceva, radgan es mtkivneulia.
maswavlebeli sulels giwodebT yovelTvis, rodesac klasSi araswor pasuxs iZleviT,

da ambobs, rom uazroa TqvenTvis raimes axsna, radgan swavla ar SegiZliaT. sxva bavSvebmac
daiwyes Tqveni udierad moxsenieba. ra unda gaakeToT aseT dros?
1. pirdapir xelmZRvanel pirTan unda waxvideT da uTxraT, rac xdeba.
2. daiwyoT gakveTilebis gacdena, radgan ar mogwonT skolaSi siaruli.
3. hkiTxoT mSoblebs, Tu SegiZliaT klasis an skolis Secvla.
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Tqven SeamCnieT, rom Tqveni amxanagi abrazebs da dascinis umcros bavSvebs sazafxulo
banakSi. garda amisa, igi arTmevs maT sxvadasxva nivTs. ra unda gaakeToT aseT dros?
1. uTxraT banakis ufrosebs, rac xdeba ise, rom amxanagma ver gaigos.
2. daexmaroT amxanags patara bavSvebisTvis nivTebis warTmevaSi, raTa Tqven ar
wagarTvaT rame nivTi.
3. uTxraT amxanags, rom, Tqveni azriT, is arasworad iqceva da rom Tavi unda
daanebos patarebs.
sxva skolis ufrosklaselebs moswonT Tqveni skoleli dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebis

gabrazeba. isini usafrdebian Sin mimaval an avtobusis gaCerebaze myof bavSvs, gars Semoexvevian
da arTmeven fuls, saWmels an saTamaSoebs. qvebsac esvrian da uaresiT emuqrebian. ra unda
gaakeToT aseT dros?
1. sifrTxile unda gamoiCinoT da skolaSi jgufTan erTad waxvideT da iqidanac
jgufTan erTad wamoxvideT.
2. ufrosebs unda uTxraT momxdaris Taobaze da daxmareba sTxovoT.
3. qvebi an dana unda ataroT Tavis dasacavad.
klasSi axali moswavle biWi gadmovida, romelic ltolvilia. Tqveni amxanagebi rasistuli
gamonaTqvamebiT mimarTaven, dascinian misi qarTulis codnis dones da eubnebian, wadi Sens
samSobloSio. ra unda gaakeToT aseT dros?
1. Tqvenc unda SeuerTdeT maT, is xom Tqveni megobari ar aris da arc
unda gaRelvebdeT.
2. uTxraT maswavlebels, rom Tqveni amxanagebi rasistuli gamonaTqvamebiT mimarTaven
axal moswavles.
3. SesTavazoT biWs qarTulSi mecadineoba maSin, rodesac ar TamaSobT, rom daexmaroT
mas situaciis adaptirebaSi.
Tqven abrazebdiT erT-erT amxanags, romelsac marTlac uWirda wera-kiTxva. Semdeg

SeniSneT, rom is marto ijda. erTxelac ki dainaxeT, rom Tvalze cremli hqonda momdgari. ra
unda gaakeToT aseT dros?
1. araferi, radgan albaT cudi dRe hqonda da TqvenTan amas araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs.
2. aRar gaabrazebT amxanags da hkiTxavT, ratom tiris.
3. etyviT amxanags, rom aRar gaabrazebT sxvaTa TandaswrebiT, magram ise
namdvili Steria da damatebiTi mecadineoba sWirdeba.
gyavT ufrosi naxevarZma, romelsac Zalian uyvarxarT. mas xSirad unda Tqveni mofereba da
moxveva. Tqven es uxerxul mdgomareobaSi gagdebT, Tumca Tqvenc giyvarT is. ra unda gaakeToT
aseT dros?
1. unda uTxraT mSoblebs an meore Zmas/das.
2. winaaRmdegoba gauwioT da roca moferebas dagipirebT, daartyaT.
3. Tavi unda moaridoT da distanciaze amyofoT.
179
34. Rormucela
momeci, momeci, momeci!
Temebi: mSvidoba da adamianebis usafrTxoeba, siRaribe da socialuri

gariyva
xangrZlivoba: 40-60 wT.
savarjiSos tipi: jgufuri molaparakebebi, ganxilva
savarjiSos aRwera: jgufebi awarmoeben molaparakebas erTmaneTSi produqtebis

gayofasTan dakavSirebiT
miznebi: x molaparakebis da mSvidobis procesis aRmoCena

x `Tanasworuflebianobis~ sakiTxis ganxilva
x siRaribis sistemebis ganxilva
momzadeba: x amobeWdeT qvemoT mocemuli dasarigebeli masala an

dawereT dafaze
x moamzadeT sakvebi
masalebi: x produqtebis sul cota 40 dasaxeleba (magaliTad,

namcxvrebi, Txili, yurZeni)
x dasarigebeli masalis aslebi
miTiTebebi
1. dayaviT bavSvebi or gundad da mieciT TiToeul maTgans wesebis furceli da produqtebis

oc-oci saxeoba.
2. auxseniT TamaSis wesebi da darwmundiT, rom yvelam kargad gaigo isini, gansakuTrebiT
is, rom yvela produqti isev Tqven dagibrundebaT, Tu ar iqneba miRweuli SeTanxmeba gundebs
Soris.
a. TamaSis dros bavSvebma unda gadawyviton, rogor gayon produqtebi gundebs
Soris. TamaSisTvis TiToeul gunds aqvs produqtebis oci saxeoba.
Catardeba sami raundi da TiToeuli gundi rig-rigobiT miiRebs maTSi
monawileobas.
b. TiToeul raundSi yovel gunds etyvian, ramdeni saxeoba unda gauyos meore
gunds. pirveli gundi sTavazobs gayofis gzas, romelic meore gunds SeuZlia
miiRos an ar miiRos. Tu gundis wevrebi winadadebas miiReben, maSin produqtebi
gaiyofa SemoTavazebuli winadadebis mixedviT. Tu maT ar moewonebaT winadadeba,
maSin pirvel gunds eqneba kidev erTi Sansi axali winadadebis miwodebisTvis.
Tu arc maTi meore winadadeba iqneba gaziarebuli, maSin yvela gasayofi
produqti daubrundeba wamyvans da aravin miiRebs raimes.
i. magaliTad, gundi, romelmac unda gayos aTi saxeoba, gadawyvets, rom
TavisTvis daitovos rva saxeoba da meore gunds misces mxolod ori. amis Semdeg
gunds kvlav eZleva erTi Sansi. gundis wevrebi gadawyveten aTi saxeobis
tol nawilebad dayofas. gundi iRebs aseT winadadebas da TiToeuli gundi
iRebs produqtis xuT-xuT saxeobas.
ii. meores mxriv, Tu gundi meore jerze gadawyvets, rom mas unda darCes
Svidi saxeoba, xolo gundma unda miiRos sami, wamyvani daibrunebs aTive saxeobas.
g. mas Semdeg, rac pirveli gundi daamTavrebs Tavis saqmianobas, winadadebebis
SeTavazebas saxeobebis gayofasTan dakavSirebiT daiwyebs meore gundi
miTiTebebis mixedviT.
d. meore raundi mimdinareobs, rogorc pirveli, oRond axali miTiTebebiT
TiToeuli gundisTvis, ramdeni gaiyos darCenili saxeobebidan.
3. auxseniT bavSvebs, rom yoveli gayofis Sedegebs dawerT dafaze, raTa cnobili iyos,
ramdeni saxeoba miiRo TiToeulma gundma. yvela raundis Semdeg mTliani saerTo Sefaseba mieciT
TiToeul gunds. dafaze gamosaxuli unda iyos raRac amdagvari:
180
gundi gundi pedagogi
raundi 1 5 5
raundi 2 0 0 13
raundi 3 8 8
sul 13 13 13
4. auxseniT bavSvebs qvemoT mocemuli detalebi produqtebTan dakavSirebiT:
a. bavSvebs SeuZliaT TamaSisTvis gamoyofili produqtis SeWma TamaSis
Sedegebis garCevis Semdeg.
b. produqtebis nawilebad gatexva-gayofa ar SeiZleba.
g. TamaSis dros gundis wevrebis mier SeWmuli produqtebi ar Seicvleba.
d. kidev erTxel aRniSneT, rom yvela produqti isev daubrundeba wamyvans,
Tu bavSvebi ver SeTanxmdebian gayofaze.
1. yuradRebis gafantvis Tavidan asacileblad mokribeT produqtebi da auxseniT bavSvebs,

rom isini kvlav daurigdeba maT saWmelad TamaSis ganxilvis dasrulebis Semdeg;
2. ganixileT savarjiSo Semdegi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT:
a. ra moxda TamaSisas?
b. ra grZnoba gqondaT savarjiSos ganxorcielebisas?
g. gqondaT winaswar SemuSavebuli strategia? rogor CamoayalibeT igi?
d. vinmem gamarTa molaparakeba? warmatebiT Caiara molaparakebam?
e. moiqceodiT Tu ara sxvanairad, kidev erTxel rom geTamaSaT es TamaSi?
v. rogor fiqrobT, samarTliani iyo saboloo Sedegi?
3. ganixileT TamaSis Sedegebi Semdegi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT:
a. endobodiT meore gunds imaSi, rom is samarTlianad gayofda produqtebs? ratom
endobodiT? Tu ara, ratom ar endobodiT?
b. ras gulisxmobT sityvaSi `samarTlianad~? an sityvaSi `ganawileba~?
g. ganawilebisas aqvs mniSvneloba ndobas?
d. romelia is uaryofiTi magaliTebi, roca irRveva adamianis uflebebi?
e. gaxsendebaT cxovrebidan raime iseTi situacia, roca bavSvebs ganawileba
sWirdebaT? mniSnvelovania Tu ara samarTliani ganawileba? ra xdeba,
roca ganawileba ar aris samarTliani?
v. gaxsendebaT cxovrebidan raime iseTi situacia, roca ufrosebs
ganawileba sWirdebaT? ra xdeba, roca ufrosebi ar anawileben samarTlianad?
z. gaxsendebaT Tu ara cxovrebidan magaliTebi, roca adamianebi ar iReben
`samarTlian wils~ maTTvis saWiro raRaceebSi?
T. ra unda movimoqmedoT Cvens yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi iseTi, rom yvela
samarTlian wils iRebdes?
4. daukavSireT TamaSi da ganxilva adamianis uflebebs iseTi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT,
rogoricaa:
a. adamianis uflebebi dafuZnebulia yvelas saWiroebaze ara mxolod gadarCenisTvis,
aramed Tanaswori standartebiT Rirseuli cxovrebisTvis. ra aris iseTi, rac
yvela adamians sWirdeba? CamowereT amgvari saWiroebebi.
b. ra xdeba, roca adamianebs ara aqvT dakmayofilebuli es saWiroebebi (magaliTad,
ara aqvT sakmarisi sakvebi, ganaTleba, ojaxi)?
g. xedavT kavSirs `samarTliani wilis~ aucileblobasa da adamianis uflebebs
Soris?
* TamaSi `daipyari cixe-simagre~ (gv. 81) aseve exeba TanamSromlobas saerTo `mtris~
winaaRmdeg.
* TamaSebi `gemiT mgzavroba axali kontinentisken~ (gv. 74) gvaswavlis gansxvavebas
survilebsa da saWiroebebs Soris.
181
* sTxoveT bavSvebs, moiyvanon im gzebis magaliTebi, romlebic gaaumjobesebs samarTlian

ganawilebas maT jgufSi, saxlsa da sazogadoebaSi (magaliTad, azris gamoTqmis saSualeba,
saTamaSoebisa da mowyobilobebis gamoyeneba, ufrosebis yuradReba, lideroba).
* daukavSirdiT adgilobriv an qveyanaSi moqmed arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, romlebic
muSaoben samarTliani vaWrobis uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebze. moiwvieTi isini da sTxoveT,
mouTxron Tqvens jgufebs Tavisi saqmianobis Sesaxeb. organizeba gauwieT amgvari arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis mxardamWer saqmianobebs.
* damokidebuleba adamianis saWiroebebsa da adamianis uflebebs Soris fundamenturia

adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli ganaTlebisTvis. Tu es koncefcia jer ar aris
Camoyalibebuli, SeiZleba am TamaSamde CaataroT iseTi sxva TamaSi, rogoricaa `gemiT mgzavroba
axali kontinentisken~ (gv. 74), romelic exeba am koncefcias.
* ufros bavSvebTan muSaobisas samarTliani ganawileba SeiZleba daukavSiroT ganviTarebas.
ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli ganaTlebisTvis resursebi SegiZliaT ixiloT 221-e gverdze.
* am TamaSis Catareba meoredac SeiZleba. aseT SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneT sxva da ufro
sasurveli produqtebi interesis SenarCunebis mizniT.
* erTdroulad SeiZleba ramdenime jgufma iTamaSos. Tumca, miaqcieT yuradReba, rom erTi
jgufis qcevam SeiZleba zegavlena iqonios sxva jgufze. xeli SeuwyveT aseT urTierTmoqmedebas,
gaakeTeT qulebis erTiani dafa, rom yvela xedavdes Sedegebs. ganixileT amgvari zegavlena
gamokiTxvis dros.
I gundi, I gundi, I gundi, II gundi, II gundi, II gundi,

jgufi A jgufi B xelmZR- jgufi A jgufi B xelmZR-
vaneli vaneli
raundi 1 6 5 6 5
raundi 2 0 0 13 6 7
raundi 3 8 8 8 8
sul 14 13 13 20 20
* Tu bavSvebi moindomeben, mieciT maT produqtis xelaxla dayofis saSualeba TamaSis

Semdeg.
savarjiSos gamartivebis mizniT: imisTvis, rom xeli SeuwyoT urTierTndobis

Camoyalibebas da molaparakebis warmoebas, gasayofi produqtebis raodenoba Segnebulad ar
aris Tanabari. Tumca, Tuki es Tqveni jgufisTvis rTulia, yovel raundSi produqtebi yvela
gundSi Tanabrad gaanawileT.
sirTulis donis gasazrdelad: daamateT raime wesi, romelic gunds met Zalauflebas
mianiWebs. Tu gundi uars ganacxadebs amgvar winadadebaze, is arafers miiRebs.
TamaSis kavSiri adamianis uflebebTan: Tu erTze meti wamyvani gyavT, dayaviT bavSvebi or
an met patara jgufad me-4kiTxvaze saubrisTvis – kavSiri adamianis saWiroebebsa da adamianis
uflebebs Soris. rac ufro mcirea jgufi, miT ufro Rrmad ganixileba es mniSvnelovani Tema.
daasruleT mcire jgufebis gaerTianebiT, romlebic gauziareben erTmaneTs TavianT azrebs.
amisTvis daumateT TamaSs kidev 30 wuTi.
182
dasarigebeli masala: baraTebi instruqciiT
I gundi
* Tqvens jgufs aqvs 20 saxeobis produqti, romelic unda gayoT Tqvensa da gunds
Soris;
* iTamaSebT 3 raunds;
* TiToeuli raundisas geqnebaT produqtebis Semdegi raodenoba:
raundi 1 raundi 2 raundi 3
6 saxeobis gasayofi produqti 3 saxeobis gasayofi produqti 11 saxeobis gasayofi
produqti
produqtis SesanarCuneblad mogiwevT Tqvensa da gunds Soris produqtebis ganawilebis
gzis SeTavazeba. TiToeul raundSi SegiZliaT ori gadawyvetilebis SeTavazeba. Tu gundi
miiRebs erT-erT Tqvens winadadebas, maSin oriveni miiRebT produqtebis molaparakebul
raodenobas. Tu gundi uaryofs Tqvens orive winadadebas, maSin orive gundi darCeba
produqtebis gareSe.
magaliTi:
raundi 1: gundma unda gayos 6 saxeobis produqti;
Tqveni winadadebaa, ori saxeobis produqti gadaeces gunds da Tqven dagrCeT 4
saxeoba;
Tu gundi daTanxmdeba am winadadebaze, maSin is miiRebs 2 saxeobis produqtebs,
xolo Tqven dagrCebaT 4 saxeoba;
Tu gundi uars ganacxadebs amgvar dayofaze, maSin Tqven SegiZliaT sxva winadadebis
SeTavazeba. es winadadeba SeiZleba iyos igive an gansxvavebuli;
Tu gundi miiRebs meore winadadebas, maSin orive gunds eqneba produqtebis
molaparakebuli raodenoba;
Tu gundi meore winadadebazec uars ganacxadebs, maSin orive gundi rCeba
produqtebis gareSe da produqtebi ubrundeba wamyvans.
II gundi
* Tqvens gunds aqvs 20 saxeobis produqti, romelic unda gayoT Tqvensa da gunds
Soris;
* iTamaSebT 3 raunds;
* TiToeuli raundisas geqnebaT produqtebis Semdegi raodenoba:
raundi 1 raundi 2 raundi 3
5 saxeobis gasayofi produqti 10 saxeobis gasayofi produqti 5 saxeobis gasayofi
produqti
produqtis SesanarCuneblad mogiwevT Tqvensa da gunds Soris produqtebis ganawilebis
gzis SeTavazeba. TiToeul raundSi SegiZliaT ori gadawyvetilebis SeTavazeba. Tu gundi
miiRebs erT-erT Tqvens winadadebas, maSin oriveni miiRebT produqtebis molaparakebul
raodenobas. Tu gundi uaryofs Tqvens orive winadadebas, maSin orive gundi produqtebis
gareSe darCeba.
magaliTi:
raundi 1: gundma unda gayos 5 saxeobis produqti;
Tqveni winadadebaa, ori saxeobis produqti gadaeces gunds da Tqven dagrCeT 3
saxeoba;
Tu gundi daTanxmdeba am winadadebaze, maSin is miiRebs 2 saxeobis produqts, xolo
Tqven dagrCebaT 3 saxeoba;
Tu gundi uars ganacxadebs amgvar dayofaze, maSin Tqven SegiZliaT sxva winadadebis
SeTavazeba. es winadadeba SeiZleba iyos igive an gansxvavebuli;
Tu gundi miiRebs meore winadadebas, maSin orive gunds eqneba produqtebis
molaparakebuli raodenoba;
Tu gundi meore winadadebazec uars ganacxadebs, maSin orive gundi rCeba
produqtebis gareSe da produqtebi ubrundeba wamyvans.
183
35. Sen ra azris xar?
mieciT xma fexiT!
Temebi: adamianis zogadi uflebebi, monawileoba
asaki: 8-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: diskusia fizikur savarjiSosTan erTad
savarjiSos bavSvebi daikaveben TavianT adgilebs oTaxSi;

aRwera: Semdeg axsnian da icaven TavianT azrs
miznebi: x `monawileobis“ mniSvnelobis gageba

x mosmenis unaris ganviTareba
x diskusiis da argumentirebis unaris ganviTareba
momzadeba: x dayaviT jgufi or nawilad da erT mxares

dakideT niSani `veTanxmebi“, xolo mopirdapire
mxares niSani àr veTanxmebi“
x dawereT sadiskusio Temebi did furclebze —
TiTo Tema TiTo furcelze - da CamokideT
furclebi oTaxis SuagulSi
masalebi: x didi formatis furclebi da kalmistrebi

x Toki an carci
x qaRaldi da markerebi
miTiTebebi
1. uTxariT bavSvebs, rom gainteresebT maTi azri zogierT mniSvnelovan sakiTxze. uTxariT,
rom Tqven waikiTxavT gamonaTqvams, maT ki saTiTaod unda giTxran, eTanxmebian Tu ara mas; Semdeg
TiToeuli bavSvi oTaxis im mxares unda dadges, sadac misi azris Sesabamisi niSani kidia. am ori
jgufis saboloo mizani erTmaneTis darwmunebaa.
a. aravis aqvs laparakis dawyebis ufleba, sanam yvela Tavis adgilas ar dadgeba
b. rac ufro mtkiced eTanxmebi an ar eTanxmebi wakiTxul gamonaTqvams, miT ufro
Sors unda dadge centridan.
g. Sua xazze aravin ar daiSveba, magram Tuki gadawyvetilebas ver iReb, SegiZlia
dadge Sua xazTan axlos, an erT, an meore mxares.
2. daanaxeT da xmamaRla waukiTxeT bavSvebs pirveli gamonaTqvami. Semdeg sTxoveT, gamoTqvan
TavianTi azri gamonaTqvamis Sesaxeb da daikavon SerCeuli adgili.
3. daelodeT, sanam yvela bavSvi Tavis amorCeul adgils daikavebs. Semdeg hkiTxeT orive
mxaris warmomadgenlebs, Tu ratom dganan sxvadasxva mxares. acaleT, rom gamoTqvan TavianTi
mosazrebebi da ikamaTon. ecadeT, rac SeiZleba bevrma bavSvma gamoTqvas azri.
4. mas Semdeg, rac diskusias sakmaris dros dauTmobT, hkiTxeT, vinmes xom ar surs azris
Secvla. Tuki ramdenime msurveli aRmoCndeba, hkiTxeT, ram gadaawyvetina maT azris Secvla.
gaagrZeleT savarjiSo da gaakeTeT igive sxva gamonaTqvamTan mimarTebaSi.

a. rogor mogewonaT es savarjiSo?
b. Zneli iyo gadawyvetilebis miReba zog SemTxvevaSi? romelSi?
184
g. icvliT azrs rodisme? ra gaiZulebT, rom azri SeicvaloT?
d. romelime gamonaTqvami sxvebze ufro rTuli iyo?
e. xom ar WoWmanobT zogierT gamonaTqvamTan dakavSirebiT?
v. kidev xom ar gindaT zogierTi sakiTxis ganxilva?
z. am savarjiSodan raime axali xom ar iswavleT? ra?
a. am kiTxvebs Soris kavSirs xedavT?
b. ojaxis mier gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi monawileobT? klasSi? skolaSi?
sxva cxovrebiseul situaciaSi?
g. xazgasmiT aRniSneT, rom monawileobis miRebis ufleba yvela bavSvis
umniSvnelovanesi uflebaa. waikiTxeT es ufleba bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
me-12 muxlSi. SegiZliaT warmoidginoT sxva sferoebi, sadac monawileobas
miiRebdiT.
d. ratom fiqrobT, rom monawileoba marTla mniSvnelovania bavSvebisTvis?
* diskusiis bolos dayaviT bavSvebi oTx an xuTkacian jgufebad da daurigeT TiToeul

jgufs savarjiSoSi gamoyenebuli gamonaTqvamebis aslebi. sTxoveT TiToeul jgufs, ise
Secvalon gamonaTqvamebSi mocemuli formulirebebi, rom Sedegi yvelasTvis misaRebi iyos.
SeadareT jgufebSi miRebuli Sedegebi erTmaneTs.
* savarjiSoebSi `konstitucia Cveni jgufisTvis“, gv. 120, da `TiToeul xmas mniSvneloba
aqvs“, gv. 107, xazgasmulia demokratiul procesSi aqtiuri monawileobis mniSvneloba.
* waaxaliseT bavSvebi, rom gamoZebnon iniciativebSi monawileobis gzebi, magaliTad, Riad

isaubron skolasTan an jgufebTan dakavSirebul problemebze, misweron werili adgilobriv
politikur xelmZRvanelobas im adgilobrivi problemebis Sesaxeb, romlebic maT awuxebT.
* sTxoveT bavSvebs, daweron statiebi, sadac gamoxataven azrs TavianTi cxovrebis Sesaxeb
(magaliTad, ojaxi, organizacia, klasi, skola, raioni). gamoaqveyneT es statiebi jgufis mier
gamoSvebul gazeTSi an kedlis gazeTSi.
* yvela bavSvs, naklebad aqtiursac ki, unda mieces SesaZlebloba, gamoTqvas Tavisi azri.
ecadeT, im bavSvebs sTxovoT azris gamoTqma, vinc Cumad aris.
* TiToeuli gamonaTqvamisTvis garkveuli dro gamoyaviT, rom savarjiSo usasrulod ar
gagrZeldes.
* imisTvis, rom bavSvebi gamococxldnen, mieciT maT saSualeba, xelebi gaSalon; CaatareT
mokle fizikuri varjiSi ganxilvebs Soris.
adaptirebuli varianti ufrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis
* mosTxoveT bavSvebs, ufro metad daazuston gamoTqmuli azri (magaliTad, srulad

veTanxmebi, nawilobriv veTanxmebi, nawilobriv ar veTanxmebi, sruliad ar veTanxmebi)
sxvadasxva varianti
* moifiqreT gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic adgilobriv situacias Seexeba da bavSvebisTvis

nacnobia.
* moifiqreT gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic bavSvebis nebismier sxva uflebebs Seexeba
(magaliTad, Sekrebis, Tanasworobis, informaciis, garemos dacvis, ojaxis da alternatiuli
mzrunvelobis uflebebi).
185
sadiskusio gamonaTqvamebis nimuSi
* yvela bavSvs, umcrosi asakis bavSvebis CaTvliT, aqvs ufleba, gamoTqvas azri iseT
sakiTxebze, romlebic mas Seexeba.
* bavSvebs ara aqvT ufleba, monawileoba miiRon ojaxis mier gadawyvetilebebis miRebis
procesSi. mSoblebma ukeT ician, ra aris maTi SvilebisTvis ukeTesi.
* skolasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze azris gamoTqma bavSvebisTvis SeiZleba saSiSi iyos.
* mxolod aqtiur da ufrosi asakis bavSvebs SeuZliaT gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi
monawileoba.
* yvela bavSvs SeuZlia miiRos monawileoba skolis parlamentis/moswavleTa sabWos
muSaobaSi Tanabari uflebebiT.
* is bavSvi, romelsac kanonTan mimarTebaSi problemebi Seeqmna, kargavs gadawyvetilebis
miRebis procesSi monawileobis uflebas.
* yvela bavSvs ara aqvs Tanabari monawileobis ufleba. Rarib bavSvebs ar SeuZliaT iseTive
monawileoba, rogorc sxvebs.
* monawileoba klasSi bevr saubars gulisxmobs.
* Tuki vinmes mSobeli gayrilia an calke cxovrobs, bavSvebs aqvT ufleba, gamoTqvan
TavianTi azri sasamarTlo procesze.
186
36. codnis moculoba
arc ki vicodi, ramdeni rame mcodnia!
Temebi: diskriminacia, ganaTleba da Tavisufali dro, janmrTeloba da

keTildReoba
xangrZlivoba: 2 mecadineoba, TiToeuli 60 wuTis xangrZlivobis
savarjiSos tipi: kolaJis gakeTeba, diskusia
savarjiSos aRwera: daxatuli sxeulis konturze bavSvebi weren, ra codna da unar-

Cvevebia dakavSirebuli sxeulis sxvadasxva nawilTan. isini msjeloben
imaze, Tu rogor unda SeiZino codna da ra xdeba im SemTxvevaSi,ATu ar
gaqvs Sesabamisi SesaZlebloba an ufleba, an Tu Seni sxeulis nawilebi
ar aris saTanadod ganviTarebuli.
miznebi: x sakuTari da sxvisi unarebis da codnis aRmoCena

x swavlis gzebisa da adgilebis Sesaxeb codnis gaRrmaveba
x diskusia ganaTlebis uflebis Sesaxeb
x gansxvavebuli unarebis mqone adamianebis Sesaxeb codnis
gaRrmaveba
momzadeba: x Jurnalebis Segroveba
masalebi: x qaRaldis didi furclebi

x markerebi
x Jurnalebi, saidanac suraTebis amoWra SeiZleba
x makrateli, webo da sxva masalebi kolaJis gasakeTeblad
miTiTebebi
pirveli mecadineoba:
1. gaacaniT gansaxilveli Tema bavSvebs imis SexsenebiT, rom maT aqvT adamianis ufleba,
iswavlon da maqsimalurad ganviTardnen. aRniSneT, rom maT ukve aqvT didi codna da unar-Cvevebi,
romelTa Sesaxeb, SesaZloa, arc ufiqriaT. sTxoveT maT, daasaxelon, magaliTad, zogierTi
ram, risi gakeTebac axla SeuZliaT, magram xuTi an eqvsi wlis asakSi ar SeeZloT (kiTxva, wera,
fulis daTvla, saaTis cnoba). auxseniT, rom am savarjiSoSi ganixilavT swavlisa da ganviTarebis
uflebas.
2. dayaviT bavSvebi 4-kacian jgufebad da TiToeul jgufs mieciT sakmarisad didi qaRaldis
furceli, romelzec erT-erTi bavSvis sxeulis konturs Semoxazaven, da daurigeT masalebi
kolaJis gasakeTeblad. auxseniT am savarjiSos Sinaarsi:
a. TiToeulma jgufma unda daxatos bavSvis naturaluri zomis figura.
b. Semdeg unda moifiqron, ra ician da yvelaze kargad risi gakeTeba SeuZliaT. sxeulis
romeli nawili sWirdebaT yovelive imisTvis, rac ician da risi gakeTebac SeuZliaT. CarTeT
fizikuri (magaliTad, simRera, velosipedis tareba), gonebrivi (magaliTad, maTematikis
mecadineoba, anekdotebis damaxsovreba) da pirovnuli unar-Cvevebi (magaliTad, megobroba,
saidumlos Senaxva).
g. Semdeg bavSvebma es codna an unari TvalsaCinod unda warmoaCinon: daxaton fanqriT an
saRebaviT, daweron an daawebon maTi gamosaxulebebi sxeulis im nawilze, romelsac gamoiyeneben.
magaliTad, Tu vinme kargad TamaSobs fexburTs, konturuli figuris fexze (an Tavze?) albaT
fexburTis burTi unda daixatos; Tu kargad kiTxulobs, albaT wignis suraTi unda amoiWras
da figuris TvalebTan an TavTan moTavsdes; Tu kargi momReralia, albaT figuris piridan
gamomavali notebi unda daixatos.
d. unda moifiqron sxva iseTi rameebic, rac ician an risi gakeTebac SeuZliaT da ara mxolod
is, rac kargad gamosdiT.
3. imdeni xani amuSaveT bavSvebi, rom maT mier daxatuli figura Seivsos naxatebiT/
187
suraTebiT/sloganebiT da a.S.
4. SekribeT bavSvebi da TiToeul jgufs sTxoveT, `gaacnos~ Tavisi `bavSvi~ sxvebs, ganmartos
is unar-Cvevebi da codna, romlebic bavSvebma daafiqsires. Tu SesaZlebelia, figurebi momdevno
mecadineobamde datoveT kedelze.
meore mecadineoba:
1. sTxoveT bavSvebs, aiRon TavianTi figurebi da daubrundnen pirvandel jgufebs. mieciT

aseTi miTiTebebi:
a. kvlav ifiqron im codnasa da unarebze, romlebic bavSvis figuraze gamosaxes.
rogor miiRes es codna da unari? romeli adgili an adamiani, dawesebuleba an situacia daexmaraT
am yvelafris SeswavlaSi? magaliTad, qsova an banqos TamaSi SesaZloa bebiam an babuam aswavles,
TamaSi albaT ubnis bavSvebisgan iswavles, sakuTari qveynis istoria, savaraudod, skolaSi
iswavles.
b. rodesac SesaZlebelia imis identificireba, Tu sad moxda garkveuli codnis an
unar-Cvevebis SeZena, daxateT isari aRniSnuli unaris gamosaxulebidan furclis kidemde da
dawereT swavlebis wyaros dasaxeleba.
2. kvlav SekribeT bavSvebi da sTxoveT, mTel jgufs gaacnon miRebuli Sedegebi. CamowereT
swavlebis wyaroebi, romelsac axseneben, da SeamowmeT CamonaTvalis TiToeuli punqti.
1. gaarCieT savarjiSo Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT:

a. advili iyo imis mofiqreba, Tu risi gakeTeba SegiZliaT?
b. aris Tu ara didi gansxvaveba kolaJebs Soris?
g. raime mniSvnelovani unaris miTiTeba xom ar gamogrCaT kolaJze?
d. yovelTvis gaxsovT, Tu vin SegaswavlaT mniSvnelovani unar-Cvevebi?
e. mxolod erT adgilze/erTi adamianisgan iswavleT es?
v. rogor fiqrobT, ratom gTxoveT, gagexsenebinaT, Tu sad SeiZineT codna an
unar-Cvevebi?
a. rogor fiqrobT, yvela bavSvs SeuZlia imis swavla, rac Tqven axseneT?
ratom SeuZlia an ar SeuZlia?
b. rogori adamianebi da dawesebulebebi sWirdebaT bavSvebs, rom yovelive
amis Seswavla SeZlon?
g. aris Tu ara garkveuli adamianebi da dawesebulebebi ufro mniSvnelovani, vidre
sxvebi (magaliTad, skola ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre sportuli klubi)?
d. ra xdeba, rodesac swavlis romelime aRniSnuli wyaro ar arsebobs?
i. magaliTad, ra moxdeboda, skolebi rom ar iyos? rogor iswavlidnen bavSvebi
wera-kiTxvas? ra moxdeba, Tu am unar-Cvevebs ver gamoimuSaveben?
ra gavlenas moaxdens es maT momaval cxovrebaze?
ii. magaliTad, rom ar iyvnen sxva bavSvebi, romlebTanac iTamaSebT, Tu ar
geyolebaT ojaxis wevrebi, romlebisganac swavla SeiZleba, Tu ar iqneba an
axalgazrduli jgufebi an klubebi?
iii. magaliTad, Tu bavSvi unarSezRudulia da ar SeuZlia skolaSi an klubebSi
siaruli da sxva bavSvebTan TamaSi?
e. Tqveni sxeulis sxvadasxva nawilebi sxvadasxva codnas da unarebs daukavSireT.
ra xdeba, rodesac bavSvi unarSezRudulia da ver iyenebs sxeulis am nawils?
arsebobs Tu ara raimes keTebis da swavlis alternatiuli gzebi? rogor
SeuZlia unarSezRudul bavSvs ganiviTaros sxva unarebi?
v. icnobT Tu ara vinmes, visac swavlis SezRuduli unari aqvs? rogor axerxebs
es adamiani aRniSnulisTvis Tavis garTmevas? exmarebiT Tu ara mas?
z. rogor fiqrobT, ratom aqvT bavSvebs swavlis da ganviTarebis ufleba?
188
* miamagreT kolaJebi kedelze ise, rom sxva bavSvebmac SeZlon maTi danaxva.
* savarjiSoebi `Tvalaxveuli~ (gv. 104) da ùxmo diqtori~ (gv. 173) bavSvebs daafiqrebs imaze,
Tu rogor SeiZleba SezRudul unarTan gamklaveba. `Zvirfasi dRiuri~ (gv. 190) sTxovs bavSvebs,
ganixilon erTi da igive gamocdileba, danaxuli sami sxvadasxva bavSvis mier, romelTagan erTs
swavla uWirs, meores qronikuli daavadeba sWirs.
* moiwvieT vinme, visac swavla uWirs, an arasamTavrobo organizacia, romelic am saxis

miznobriv jgufebTan muSaobs, da bavSvebTan erTad ganixileT swavlebis sirTuleebi da
swavlebis alternatiuli strategia.
* gaacaniT bavSvebs swavlebis stilis koncefcia (ixileT Tavi III, gv. 38), xazi gausviT, rom
gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis mravali saxe da swavlebis bevri gza arsebobs. waaxaliseT bavSvebi,
rom gansazRvron swavlis sakuTari stili da gzebi, romlebic ufro advili da sainteresoa
maTTvis. scadeT, bavSvebTan erTad SeimuSaoT strategia, Tu rogor daexmaron erTmaneTs
swavlaSi.
* es savarjiSo SegiZliaT warmarToT bavSvebTan erTad, romlebic figurebis gamosaxvaze

individualurad an wyvilebad imuSaveben.
* waaxaliseT bavSvebi, rom TavianT figuras saxeli daarqvan da kolaJs daaweron rogorc
sakuTari, agreTve, jgufis sxva wevrebis saxelebi.
* zogierT bavSvs uWirs gaixsenos, Tu rogor iswavla esa Tu is, gansakuTrebiT, Tu iseTi
adamianisgan iswavla, romelic ganaTlebis sistemis warmomadgeneli ar aris. gaaxseneT, rom bevr
rames swavloben erTmaneTisgan, ojaxis wevrebisgan da sxva ufrosebisgan. daexmareT dainaxon,
rom sxva bavSvebTan kontaqti swavlis mniSvnelovani wyaroa, rasac SesaZloa moklebuli iyos
unarSezRuduli bavSvi. ar aris aucilebeli bavSvebis mier CamoTvlili yvela unaris ganxilva!
mizani is aris, rom bavSvebma gaacnobieron swavlis da ganviTarebis mravali sxvadasxva wyaros
mniSvneloba.
* ganxilvis dros daexmareT bavSvebs, daukavSiron erTmaneTs is, Tu rogor SeiZines codna
an unarebi da ra xdeba, rodesac bavSvisTvis xelmiuwvdomelia amgvari adgilebi, dawesebulebebi,
adamianebi an situaciebi.
* xazi gausviT, rom yvelas erTnairi ufleba aqvs, iswavlos, Tumca yvela erTnairad ar
swavlobs.
189
37. Zvirfasi dRiuri
Cadeqi Cems tyavSi sul cota xniT. . .
Temebi: diskriminacia, janmrTeloba da keTildReoba, siRaribe da

socialuri gariyva
xangrZlivoba: 60 wT.
savarjiSos tipi: Txroba, ganxilva
savarjiSos aRwera: bavSvebi kiTxuloben sam sxvadasxva Canawers erTi da imave

situaciis Sesaxeb da msjeloben adamianebTan dakavSirebiT
gamoTqmuli mcdari Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb
miznebi: x urTierTobis da dakvirvebis unarebis gamomuSaveba

x TanagrZnobis gaRviveba
x msjelobaze dafuZnebuli midgomebis gaTviTcnobiereba
x individualuri gamocdilebis subieqturobis gageba
x msjeloba ganaTlebis, TamaSis da janmrTelobis dacvis
uflebis Sesaxeb
momzadeba: monaTxrobis adaptireba Tqveni bavSvebis realobasTan da/an

Tqvens saswavlo miznebTan
masalebi: sami Canaweris aslebi
miTiTebebi
1. auxseniT monawileebs, rom samma bavSvma mogvca ufleba wagvekiTxa maTi dRiurebi,
romelsac isini awarmoebdnen SarSan banakSi yofnisas. dayaviT bavSvebi sam jgufad da TiToeul
jgufs wasakiTxad mieciT TiTo ambavi.
2. mas Semdeg, rac bavSvebi waikiTxaven ambavs, mouyareT maT Tavi da kidev erTxel gaiareT
banakis binadarTa istoriebi (magaliTad, Tavsatexebis amoxsna, lanCi, fexburTis TamaSi, tivis
ageba, mdinaris gadalaxva). gaCerdiT yoveli ambis Semdeg da hkiTxeT bavSvebs, ras akeTebda,
fiqrobda da grZnobda maTi gmiri TiToeul SemTxvevaSi. am etapze ar sTxovoT bavSvebs banakis
binadarTa gansxvavebuli reaqciebisa da grZnobebis mizezebis axsna.
3. sTxoveT jgufis wevrebs, aRweron ambis avtori bavSvi. ganixileT, rogor SeiZleba sam
bavSvs hqondes aseTi gansxvavebuli reaqcia erTi da imave movlenis mimarT. dasviT iseTi kiTxvebi,
rogoricaa:
a. ratom ver gauges erTmaneTs am bavSvebma?
b. xom ar fiqrobT, rom bavSvebi sul sxvanairad moiqceodnen, erTmaneTis cxovreba
rom scodnodaT? rogor moiqceodnen?
g. ra ver gaiges maT erTmaneTis Sesaxeb?
d. rogor dauSves maT es Secdoma?
e. odesme Tu dagiSviaT amgvari Secdoma?
v. ra xdeba, roca ver vugebT sxva adamianebs?
z. ra unda viRonoT, rom Tavidan aviciloT sxva adamianebis araswori gageba?

1. ganixileT savarjiSo iseTi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT, rogoricaa:
a. ras fiqrobT am sami istoriis Sesaxeb?
b. siamovnebas moganiWebdaT aseTi dRe? Tu ki, ratom, da Tu ara, ratom?
g. Seesabameba Tu ara sinamdviles es istoriebi?
d. SegiZliaT Tqveni Tavis gaigiveba romelime am bavSvTan? romelTan? ratom?
190
e. SeiZleba Tu ara gyavdeT amxanagebi maSinac ki, roca Raribi xarT an wera-kiTxvis
ucodinari? ratom?
v. ras niSnavs megobroba?
z. arian Tu ara Tqvens garSemo iseTi adamianebi, romlebsac naklebad aqceven
yuradRebas? vin arian isini?
T. risi gakeTeba SegviZlia am mdgomareobis Sesacvlelad?
2. daukavSireT TamaSi adamianis uflebebis dacvas iseTi kiTxvebiT, rogoricaa:
a. adamianis romeli uflebebiT sargeblobdnen bavSvebi banakSi?
b. adamianis romeli uflebebiT sargeblobdnen isini saxlSi?
g. irRveva Tu ara romelime am bavSvis uflebebi?
d. ra gavlenas axdens maTze maTi uflebebis darRveva? rogor imoqmedebs
es maT momavalze?
e. risi gakeTeba SeiZleba uflebebis darRvevis Tavidan asacileblad?

* daxateT monaTxrobSi mocemuli situaciebi (magaliTad, `didi Tavgadasavlebis dRis~
situaciebi, TiToeuli bavSvi maT ojaxur garemoSi da a.S.).
* TamaSebi ùmniSvnelovanesi visTvis~ (gv. 162) da `gemiT mgzavroba axali kontinentisken~
(gv. 74) yuradRebas aqcevs kontrastul reaqciebs da prioritetebs erTsa da imave situaciaSi.

msgavsi gaugebrobebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, Tqvensave jgufSi CamoayalibeT bavSvebTan
erTad yofnisTvis aucilebel qcevaTa kodeqsi.
sasargeblo rCevebi wamyvans:

* es istoriebi SeiZleba ararealurad an sruliad ucxod JRerdes zogierTi bavSvisTvis.
ise moargeT ambavi arsebul situacias, rom igi gasagebi gaxdes aseTi bavSvebisTvis, magram arc im
bavSvebis Tavmoyvareoba Selaxos, romlebisTvisac monaTxrobi Zalian axlosaa maTi cxovrebis
realobasTan.
* gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gamoiCineT daucveli bavSvebis da maTi damokidebulebis
mimarT sakuTar TavTan da sazogadoebasTan. ganixileT moTamaSeebTan erTad daucveli bavSvebis
sakiTxi da SeecadeT maTi darwmuneba, rom yvela bavSvs aqvs misTvis sasurveli cxovrebiT
cxovrebis da misi uflebebis mimarT pativiscemis moTxovnis ufleba.
* vinaidan zogierTma bavSvma SeiZleba sakuTari Tavi amoicnos monaTxrobebSi, amitom
istoriebis ganxilvisas didi dakvirvebaa saWiro. yuradRebiT iyaviT stereotipebisa da
msjelobis mimarT. am istoriebma SeiZleba zogierT bavSvs stereotipis Seqmnis provocireba
gauwios rogorc privilegirebuli bavSvebis (magaliTad, `maT ara aqvT problemebi~; ìsini
snobebi arian~), aseve daucveli bavSvebis mimarT (magaliTad, `maT ojaxi ver exmareba~; ìsini
zarmacebi arian~). am istoriebis mizania, daafiqros bavSvebi zogierTi maTganis saqcielze, da
ara daufiqrebeli daskvnebi gaakeTon mxolod sakuTari azridan gamomdinare.
* yvelasTvis gasagebad gamoyaviT istoriis gmiris moqmedeba da misi grZnobebi da fiqrebi
moqmedebisas.
sxvadasxva varianti
* waikiTxeT ambebi bavSvebis Sesaxeb an bavSvebs sTxoveT maTi wakiTxva. Semdeg ganixileT
isini, rogorc es me-3 nabijSia mocemuli. TiToeuli monaTxrobis wakiTxvis Semdeg SegiZliaT
ganxilvasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebis dasma.
* sTxoveT bavSvebs, gaakeTon igive, rasac maTi istoriebis gmirebi akeTebdnen. mere hkiTxeT,
ras grZnobda am dros TiToeuli maTgani. Semdeg erTi moqmedi piris saTamaSod moiwvieT ori
bavSvi. erTma imoqmedos ise, rogorc moqmedebda istoriis gmiri, xolo meorem ise, rom gamoxatos
misi Sinagani grZnobebi.
adaptireba
* mcire asakis bavSvebs dRis ganmavlobaSi banakSi momxdari ambebis dasamaxsovreblad
TvalsaCino masalebi sWirdebaT. didi odenobis informaciam SeiZleba moadunos maTi yuradReba
da gaarTulos gamokiTxva. Semdeg ambavze gadasvlamde darwmundiT, rom bavSvebma kargad gaiges
ukve wakiTxuli ambavi.
191
dasarigebeli masala: Canawerebi
zafxulSi bevri bavSvi midis dasasveneblad sazafxulo banakSi. qvemoT moyvanili Canawerebi
amoRebulia im sami bavSvis dRiurebidan, romlebic pirvelad Sexvdnen erTmaneTs banakSi.
isini erTi asakis arian da dakavebuli arian erTi da imave saqmianobiT. erT dRes bavSvebis
xelmZRvanelma moawyo `didi Tavgadasavlebis dRe~. dRis bolos samive bavSvma gaakeTa im dRes
miRebul STabeWdilebebTan dakavSirebuli Canawerebi Tavis dRiurSi.
margaretma, Tavze sabangadaxurulma, farnis Suqze dawera Semdegi sityvebi:
Zvirfaso dRiuro!
o, ra mSvenieri dRe iyo. uamravi giJuri ram CavidineT da SemiZlia vTqva, rom es Cemi
cxovrebis saukeTeso dRe iyo. iseT TamaSebs vTamaSobdiT, romlebic zogjer saxifaToc
ki xdeboda, magram me ar SemSinebia. Tumca bevr Cems amxanags aseTi garToba ar moewona, rac
CemTvis gasakviri iyo. samwuxaroa, rom elza da rikardo ase ucnaurad iqceodnen dRes.
modi, sul Tavidan daviwyoT – gaviRviZeT Tu ara, xelmZRvanelma ramdenime jgufad
dagvyo. me rikardosa da elzasTan movxvdi. me momwons isini, radgan wina dResac erT jgufSi
viyaviT da bevri vicineT erTmaneTisTvis moyolil xumrobebze. xelmZRvanelma mogvca
sami kodirebuli werili amosaxsnelad. me pirvelma amovxseni kodebi, cota xnis Semdeg –
rikardomac, magram elza Zalian nela moqmedebda. roca daxmareba SevTavaze, man mipasuxa, rom
ar moswons es TamaSi da rom saidumlo kodebis amoxsna Zalian mosawyenia. mere davinaxe, rom
furceli mas Tavdayira eWira, gamecina da vuTxari, rom ase verasdros moZebnida amocanis
amoxsnas. man gabrazebulma Semomxeda da furceli gadaagdo. `me TamaSi minda da arakiTxva~, -
Tqva man. ara mgonia, rom Wkviani iyos. neta, saerTod Tu iciskiTxva – sakvirvelia, Cemi asakis
yvela bavSvma icis wera-kiTxva.
bolos da bolos amovikiTxeT yvela werilSi dafaruli sityvebi. Semdeg mdinaresTan
CavediT, sadac sxva gunds fexburTi veTamaSeT. Zalian gavmxiaruldiT. sul elzas bralia
Cveni wageba. ramdenic ki burTi miuaxlovda, imdeni xeli mohkida, uxeSad eTamaSeboda sxva
bavSvebs da Zalian bevr Secdomas uSvebda. TiTqos arasdros eTamaSa fexburTi adre! Zalian
sakvirvelia. Cven xom yvelani vTamaSobT fexburTs skolaSi. sxva dros aRar minda elzasTan
erT gundSi moxvedra.
lanCis Semdeg (saWmeli aq saSinelia!) tivi unda agvego mdinareze gadasasvlelad. es Zalian
magari davaleba iyo, radgan unda mogvegrovebina morebi, gadagveba TokebiT, romlebic
sxvadasxvagvari naskvebiT unda Segvekra. me da elza veZebdiT Sesaferis morebs, rikardos
ki sul wvrili joxebi mohqonda. me mivuTiTe, rom igi biWi iyo da Cven ar unda CamogvrCenoda
saqmeSi. man miTxra, rom Tavbru exveva da zurgi stkiva. me ki mgonia, rom mas ubralod muSaoba
ezareboda. roca yvelaferi damTavrda, Cveni tivi saukeTeso gamovida – es xelmZRvanelmac
ki aRniSna! Semdeg xelmZRvanelis niSanze Cven unda avmxtariyaviT tivze da gadagvecura
mdinare. me pirvelma viskupe, magram wyalSi Cavvardi. o, wyali iseTi civi iyo, rom viyvire.
xelmZRvanelma tivze amomaTria da mere yvelam gulianad vicineT. roca Cems megobrebs
vuTxari, ra civi iyo wyali, rikardom aRar moindoma wamosvla. mgoni, civi wylis eSinia.
aqamde ar megona, rom rikardo aseTi mSiSara iyo – jer morebi, mere wyali! roca vuTxari,
rom is ufro gabeduli unda yofiliyo, man tirili daiwyo da gaiqca. arc masTan erTad minda
jgufSi yofna amis Semdeg! me xelmZRvanels vTxov, rom sxva jgufSi gadamiyvanos imitom, rom
elza ubralod sulelia, rikardo ki – mSiSara.
amis Semdeg aRar davlaparakebivar elzas da rikardos da . . . o, mgoni xelmZRvanelebi
modian Cveni oTaxisken. Zili nebisa, Cemo Zvirfaso dRiuro, xval ufro met axal ambavs
mogiyvebi.
siyvaruliT,
margareti
192
dasarigebeli masala: Canawerebi
es Canaweri, elzas TxovniT, mis dRiurSi xelmZRvanelma gaakeTa:
gamarjoba, dRiuro!
Sen Cemi pirveli sakuTari dRiuri xar, me ki elza var. imedi maqvs, rom didxans darCebi
CemTan. me xelmZRvanels vTxove, daewera Cems magivrad. man miTxra, rom roca gavizrdebi,
wavikiTxav, rogor dros vatarebdi banakSi. me momewona es azri. Cven sxva bavSvebisgan Sors
vsxedvarT imitom, rom ar minda vinmem icodes, rom xelmZRvaneli mexmareba.
dRes saqmeebiT datvirTuli dRe gvqonda. diliT margaretTan da rikardosTan erT
jgufSi momixda yofna. me rikardo ufro momwons, vidre margareti. margarets Tavi yvelaze
Wkviani hgonia!
yvelaferi daiwyo kodirebuli werilebidan, romlebic Cven unda amogvekiTxa. me ar
momewona es TamaSi, radgan jerac ver vkiTxulob wesierad, margareti ki sul miyviroda da
maCqarebda. neta ukeT vkiTxulobde! maSin yvela wigns wavikiTxavdi msoflioSi. magram rac
mamam migvatova, skolaSi veRar davdivar, vzivar saxlSi da vuvli patara da-Zmas imitom, rom
dedam imuSaos. Zalian minda skolaSi siaruli, magram deda ambobs, rom ukeTesia saWmeli
gvqondes, vidre mekiTxva vicode. ar mindoda, rikardos da margarets gaegoT, romkiTxva
ar vici, da Tavs ise vaCvenebdi, TiTqos vcdilobdi amocanis amoxsnas. magram margaretma
damcina. me Tan mewyina da Tanac Zalian gavbrazdi.
igive moxda fexburTisas. namdvilad mindoda mogeba, magram rasac vakeTebdi, yvelaferi
araswori iyo. yvelam icis TamaSi Cems garda. me xSirad vxedav, rogor TamaSoben bavSvebi
fexburTs skolidan dabrunebis Semdeg. deda yovelTvis meubneba: `Tu TamaSis dro gaqvs, ese
igi muSaobis droc gqonia.~ ase rom, verasdros movaxerxe am TamaSis Seswavla.
lanCis Semdeg wavediT tivis asagebad mdinaris gadakveTis mizniT. aq ki, rogorc mgonia,
margaretsac vajobe da rikardosac. me vici naskvebis gakeTeba da rogori morebia saWiro
magari tivis asagebad. magram Zalian ucnaurad iqceoda rikardo. man kinaRam SarvalSi
Caisvela, roca margaretma uTxra, rom wyali Zalian civi iyo.
mgoni xval isev erT gundSi viqnebiT. minda davumtkico maT, rom bevri ramis gakeTeba
SemiZlia! Zalian momwons am banakis xelmZRvanelebi!
aba, xvalamde, Cemo dRiuro!
elza
rikardos didi dRiuri aqvs, romelsac igi ukve ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi
awarmoebs. ai, ra dawera man `didi Tavgadasavlebis dRis~ Sesaxeb:
Zvirfaso dRiuro!
isev gwer, rom giTxra, ramdenad mowyenili da imedgacruebuli var. diliT iseTi TamaSebi
viTamaSeT, romlebic me momwons. saidumlo kodis gaxsna CemTvis advili iyo, radgan amas
yovelTvis vTamaSob saxlSi. fexburTic ise viTamaSe, rogorc yovelTvis.
lanCi mSvenieri iyo, albaT saukeTeso, romelic ki odesme miWamia. aq bevrs vWam, rasac ver
vakeTeb saxlSi imitom, rom iq yovelTvis unda movicado, sanam Cemi umcroso debi da Zmebi
SeWamen. aq ki yvelaferi sxvanairadaa, saWmlis damatebac ki SemiZlia. me es momwons. mgoni
gavsuqdi kidec. saxlSi rom davbrundebi, ukve aRar viqnebi `knaWa~.
magram SuadRe saSineli iyo. unda mogvegrovebina Zalian mZime morebi, xolo Semdeg unda
SevsuliyaviT Zalian civ wyalSi. me es ar momewona, radgan SeiZleba isev avad gavmxdariyavi,
me ki meti aRar minda avadmyofoba. mama dampirda, rom rogorc ki iSovnis samuSaos, maSinve
wamiyvans saavadmyofoSi da damibrunebs janmrTelobas. mere yvelafris gakeTebas SevZleb
da aRar momixdeba mudmivad loginSi wola. netav xvalve iSovnides mama samsaxurs! Cqara
minda gamojanmrTeleba! magram amas aravis veubnebi banakSi imitom, rom bavSvebi mixvdebian,
rom fuli ar gvaqvs da damiwyeben dacinvas.
Zvirfaso dRiuro, rodis gamovjanmrTeldebi? minda sxvebs vgavde. minda sxvebiviT
vTamaSobde, davrbode da vxtunavde. imedi maqvs, rom male, Tumca meSinia, rom es arasdros
moxdeba.
Zili nebisa, Cemo sayvarelo dRiuro. xval kidev sxva ambebs mogiyvebi. Sen erTaderTi xar,
vinc Cemi saidumloebebi icis.
rikardo
193
38. wylis wveTebi
wyalia yvelgan, magram erT wveTsac ver dalev
Temebi: garemo, adamianis zogadi uflebebi
sirTulis done: me-2
asaki: 7-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: codnis miReba gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT,

prioritetebis dadgena, diskusia
savarjiSos bavSvebi swavloben wylis moxmarebas iseTnairad,

aRwera: rom wyali tyuilad ar daiRvaros. bavSvebi ecnobian
TavianTi piradi wvlilis mniSvnelobas am
umniSvnelovanesi resursis dazogvaSi da zogadad
garemos dacvaSi
miznebi: x meti codnis SeZena bunebrivi resursebis

yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi mdgradi gamoyenebis Sesaxeb
momzadeba: x moamzadeT imdeni Wiqa, ramdeni bavSvic aris jgufSi

x moamzadeT orlitriani boTli da aavseT wyliT
x moimarageT yvela Wiqis Sesavsebad sakmarisi wyali.
didi jgufisTvis didi boTli moimarageT
x moamzadeT `wylis wveTebis“ dasarigebeli
masalis asli yvela bavSvisTvis
masalebi: x ori orlitriani boTli

x Wiqa TiToeuli bavSvisTvis
x Cais kovzi TiToeuli bavSvisTvis
x jami dazogili wylisTvis
x didi furclebi
x furclebi da kalmistrebi
miTiTebebi
1. sTxoveT bavSvebs, daasaxelon rac SeiZleba meti magaliTi imisa, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs
wyals (magaliTad, mcenareebisTvis, cxovelebisTvis, adamianebisTvis, warmoebisTvis, soflis
meurneobisTvis, dasvenebisTvis). amaSi Semdegi kiTxvebi dagexmarebaT:
sad aris wyali dedamiwaze (okeane, yinuli, mtknari wyali)?
dedamiwaze arsebuli wylis ra raodenobas moixmars adamiani (adamianisTvis gamosadegi
aris okeaneebis 97%, yinulis 2% da mtknari wylis 1%)?
rogori iqneba sicocxle dedamiwaze wylis gareSe? naklebi wylis SemTxvevaSi?
mtknari wyali dedamiwaze yvelgan erTnairad moipoveba?
ra emuqreba dRes mtknari wylis marags?
2. ifiqreT da erTad SeadgineT wylis yoveldRiuri moxmarebis CamonaTvali (magaliTad,

saWmlis mosamzadeblad, abazanis an Sxapis misaRebad, tualetisTvis, sarecxis gasarecxad).
dawereT es CamonaTvali didi formatis furclebze an dafaze.
3. ganmarteT, rom es savarjiSo SesaZleblobas miscems maT, ifiqron imaze, Tu rogor
moixmaron wyali ufro yairaTianad. aCveneT maT boTli da sTxoveT, warmoidginon, rom mTel
jgufs mxolod es erTi boTli wyali aqvs mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi da unda gamoizogos.
4. mieciT TiToeul bavSvs Wiqa da sTxoveT misi boTlidan Sevseba. auxseniT, rom es raodenoba
maT mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi unda eyoT. sTxoveT, gamoicnon, Tu ra raodenobis wyals moixmars
TiToeuli maTgani dReSi (evropaSi saSualo moxmareba dReSi daaxloebiT 135 litria). SeaxseneT
bavSvebs wylis moxmarebis is CamonaTvali, romelic meore punqtis Tanaxmad momzadda.
5. bavSvebma unda gadawyviton, Tu ra cvlilebebs Seitanen yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi
wylis dasazogad. mieciT maT dro gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. SesTavazeT, rom erTi kovzi
194
wyali erT litrad CaTvalon, Semdeg sTxoveT jgufis wevrebs, rigrigobiT isaubron TavianTi
gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb da imdeni kovzi wyali CaasxiT saerTo jamSi, ramdenis dazogvasac isini
apireben. sTxoveT bavSvebs, Camoweron Tavisi azrebi dasarigebel masalaSi `wylis wveTebi.“
6. mas Semdeg, rac bavSvebi daasruleben Tavisi azris gamoTqmas, uTxariT, rom wyali, romlis
dazogvasac isini apireben, mTel jgufs ekuTvnis. auxseniT, rom jami savse iqneba, Tuki bavSvebi
gaagrZeleben wylis dazogvas yoveldRe; Tu wyals ar dazogaven, daumTavrdebaT.
7. bavSvebma unda gadawyviton, rogor gamoiyeneben wylis saerTo resurss garemoSi;
rogor apireben dazogili wylis gamoyenebas. SeuZliaT garkveuli raodenobis wylis meoradi
gamoyeneba?
1. moawyveT savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilva Semdegi kiTxvebis gamoyenebiT:
gagiadvildaT imaze fiqri, Tu rogor iyenebT wyals yoveldRe?

wylis moxmarebis CvevaSi raime siaxle xom ar SegimCneviaT? ojaxSi xom ar SegimCneviaT
wylis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli cvlileba? sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi wylis
moxmarebaSi xom ar momxdara raime cvlileba (magaliTad, skolebSi, saavadmyofoebSi, sajaro
dawesebulebebSi da parkebSi)?
ris safuZvelze gadawyviteT Tqveni yoveldRiuri maragis garkveul odenobaze uaris
Tqma?
wylis dazogvis romeli xerxia yvelaze ufro realuri Tqvens yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi?
romeli xerxia ufro rTuli?
Zneli iyo `saerTo wylis“ gamoyenebaze gadawyvetlebis miReba? kmayofili xarT jgufis
mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebiT? am wylis gamoyenebis sxva gzebi xom ar gaqvT mofiqrebuli?
2. xeli SeuwyveT bavSvebs, isaubron wylis dazogvaze zogadad:
ratom aris mniSvnelovani wylis dazogva?

ra xdeba, rodesac adamianebs ara aqvT sakmarisi raodenobis wyali?
saidan modis wyali, romelsac Cven movixmarT? rogor modis is Cvenamde?
Cveni sazogadoeba uyairaTod xarjavs wyals?
wyali aucilebelia sicocxlisa da gadarCenisTvis. romeli sxva resursi TamaSobs

garemoSi aseTive rols?
yvelasTvis Tanabrad xelmisawvdomia iseTi resursi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, sufTa
wyali, sufTa haeri da garemo? ra xdeba, rodesac resursebi xelmisawvdomia, magram ar aris kargi
xarisxis?
vin aris pasuxismgebeli am resursebis xarisxze?
bavSvebsac SeuZliaT wvlilis Setana imaSi, rom kargi xarisxis resursebze yvelas
miuwvdebodes xeli?
savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvis bolos sTxoveT bavSvebs, Caxedon dasarigebel masalas

`wylis wveTebi“ da daumaton TavianTi mosazrebebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor davzogoT
da gamoviyenoT wyali. gamofineT `wylis wveTebis“ dasarigebeli masala oTaxSi, rom bavSvebs
samomavlod am masalaSi Caxedvis saSualeba hqondeT.
savarjiSo `ra mSvenieria samyaro“, gv. 135, aseve xels uwyobs bavSvebs, ukeT gaerkvnen
imaSi, Tu ra aris janmrTeli da usafrTxo garemo.
gamoiyeneT am savarjiSoSi mocemuli midgoma sxva resursebTan mimarTebaSi; gamoarkvieT,
Tu ra gavlenas axdens isini bavSvebis cxovrebaze (magaliTad, sufTa haeri, usafrTxo da yuaTiani
sursaTi, eleqtroenergia, gazi da navTobi). ganixileT bavSvebTan erTad am resursebis dazogvis
xerxebi (magaliTad, gadamuSaveba, nagvis daxarisxeba sxvadasxva sanagve yuTSi, sazogadoebrivi
transportis gamoyeneba, ganaxlebadi resursebis gamoyeneba da a. S.).
ukeT gaecaniT situacias im qveynebSi, sadac ar aris xelmisawvdomi sufTa wyali
(magaliTad, CrdiloeT afrika, axlo aRmosavleTi).
195
ukeT gaecaniT wyalTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs (magaliTad, filmebis, dokumenturi
filmebis, miTebis da zRaprebis, sagazeTo statiebis saSualebiT). xazgasmiT aRniSneT kavSiri
pirad magaliTsa da wylis dazogvas Soris, aseve ufro abstraqtul uflebas, resursebsa da
mdgrad ganviTarebaze da sicocxlis uflebas Soris.
mTelma jgufma erTad unda SeimuSaos moqmedebis gegma wylis dasazogad. 500 mililitriani
boTlis da 10 litriani WurWlis gamoyenebiT bavSvebs SeuZliaT gazomon, daaxloebiT ramden
wyals xarjaven dReSi. erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi maT unda Caiweron es monacemebi. erTi kviris
Semdeg bavSvebTan erTad ganixileT monacemebi da isic, gauWirdaT Tu ara maT wylis dazogva.
isaubreT imaze, Tu ramdenad sasargeblo iyo es eqperimenti.
erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi wylis dazogvis cdaSi dasaxmareblad daukavSirdiT bavSvebis
mSoblebs an ufrosebs, romlebic bavSvebTan erTad cxovroben.
bavSvebTan erTad iTamaSeT `dabinZurebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli patruli“. Tuki skolis
axlos patara tba an mdinarea, daakvirdiT, aris Tu ara nagavi napirebze an wyalSi. rogor
moixmaren adamianebi am wyals?
gaiseirneT bavSvebTan erTad da daaTvaliereT, rogor xdeba nagvis Segroveba; ganixileT
da axseniT, rogorc xdeba nagvis gadamuSaveba da ratom aris mniSvnelovani sufTa garemo.
gamoiyeneT bavSvebis mosazrebebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor icvleba maTi qceva
iseT resursebTan mimarTebaSi, rogoric aris janmrTeli sakvebi, wyali, Suqi, gazi da a. S.
daexmareT bavSvebs imis gagebaSi, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs TiToeuli maTganis qcevas globalur
konteqstSi; axseniT, rom TiToeuli adamianis qcevis Secvlas moaqvs cvlileba resursebis
mdgrad ganviTarebaSi.
daexmareT bavSvebs imis gagebaSi, rom adamianis uflebebis pativiscemaze da sicocxlis

uflebis dacvazea damokidebuli garemos dacva.
ufrosi asakis bavSvebTan SeiZleba am sakiTxebis – resursebiT sargeblobis ufleba, mdgradi

ganviTareba da sicocxlis ufleba – ufro abstraqtul WrilSi ganxilva Semdegi kiTxvebis
gamoyenebiT:
ra unda gakeTdes imisTvis, rom daculi iyos yvela adamianis ufleba, isargeblos wyliT
da dedamiwaze arsebuli yvela sxva resursiT?
aris Tu ara dedamiwaze sxva amowurvadi resursi?
ra unda gakeTdes imisTvis, rom mivceT saSualeba momaval Taobas, isargeblos
sicocxlisTvis aucilebeli resursebiT?
samuSao rveulSi `mogzauroba wylis wveTTan erTad“ mocemulia ZiriTadi monacemebi,

saintereso informacia da ramdenime savarjiSo wylis Temaze seriidan `gaakeTe da Tan iswavle.“
masSi mocemulia zogadi da praqtikuli informacia imisTvis, rom SeviswavloT wyali da misi
warmoSoba, is, Tu ra raodenobis wyals moixmars adamiani sasoflo meurneobisTvis, sawarmoo Tu
Sinauri moxmarebisTvis; mocemulia, aseve, wylis dabinZurebis sakiTxebi.
http://unep.org/publications/search/pub_details_s.asp?ID=3729
196
dasarigebeli masala: wylis wveTi
197
39. Cven erTi ojaxi varT
Temebi: diskriminacia, ojaxi, genderi
sirTulis done: me-2
asaki: 8-10 weli
savarjiSos tipi: xatva, diskusia
savarjiSos naxatebis da suraTebis gamoyenebiT bavSvebi

aRwera: ganixilaven ojaxis sxvadasxva ganmartebas da
Semadgenlobas
miznebi: x mravalferovanis da gansxvavebulis

mimarT tolerantobis stimulireba
x bavSvebSi aRzrdis sxvadasxva meTodze
fiqris stimulireba; aseve ojaxis
ganmartebaze saubari
x àraordinaruli“ Semadgenlobis
ojaxebSi bavSvebis diskriminaciis ganxilva
x ojaxisa da adamianis uflebebs Soris
kavSiris garkveva
momzadeba: x moamzadeT ilustraciebi da fotoebi ojaxis

Temaze, yvela tipis ojaxis aRweriT
(magAaliTad, martoxela deda an mama, klasikuri
ojaxi, erTi sqesis mSoblebi, ojaxebi,
sadac izrdebian Svilebi wina qorwinebebidan,
ayvanili Svilebi, didi ojaxebi, sadac
ramdenime Taoba erTad cxovrobs)
masalebi: x fotoebis da ilustraciebis aslebi

yvela bavSvisTvis
miTiTebebi
1. savarjiSos dawyebisTanave ganumarteT bavSvebs, rom am savarjiSos ganxorcielebis

procesSi ganxiluli iqneba adamianebs Soris is sxvadasxva saxis kavSiri da Tanacxovrebis
sxvadasxva saxe, rasac Cven ojaxad miviCnevT. xazgasmiT aRniSneT, rom ojaxebi, romlebSic
bavSvebi cxovroben, erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebulia.
2. sTxoveT bavSvebs, daxaton ojaxi, romelSic cxovroben (da ara is, romelsac SesaZloa
mowyvetilni arian, sadac odesRac cxovrobdnen an cxovrebas isurvebdnen da a. S.). Tuki bavSvebs
naxatze damatebiTi informaciis aRniSvna moundebaT (magaliTad, ojaxis wevris saxeli da gvari,
asaki, sqesi), nu dauSliT.
3. hkiTxeT bavSvebs, ra ician maTgan gansxvavebuli tipis ojaxebze da sTxoveT, isaubron am
Temaze. Semdeg sTxoveT, warmoadginon sakuTari naxatebi.
4. bavSvebTan erTad ganixileT sxvadasxva tipis ojaxebi da CamowereT es nusxa dafaze.
ojaxis is tipebi aRniSneT, romlebzec saubari ar yofila.
5. dayaviT bavSvebi mcirericxovan, oTx-xuTkacian jgufebad da mieciT TiToeul jgufs
Tqvens mier adre momzadebuli fotoebi da ilustraciebi. hkiTxeT TiToeul jgufs, Tu ra
gansxvavebebia maT Soris, aseve, riT aris esa Tu is ojaxi `gamorCeuli“. sTxoveT bavSvebs,
isaubron sakuTari ojaxis suraTebis Sesaxeb, aseve imaze, Tu ra ganasxvavebs maTi ojaxebis
suraTebs Tqvens mier micemuli suraTebisgan.
a. ra gaakeTeT am savarjiSos ganxorcielebisas?

b. ramdenad ioli iyo Tqveni ojaxis daxatva da warmodgena?
198
g. gagikvirdaT sxva bavSvebis naxatebis naxva? ratom?
d. gagikvirdaT sxva ojaxebis suraTebis naxva? ratom?
e. ra gaigeT ojaxebis Sesaxeb?
v. rogor fiqrobT, ras grZnoben bavSvebi, rodesac maTi ojaxi `sxvanairia?“
z. riT SegiZliaT daexmaroT am bavSvebs?
a. yvela bavSvs aqvs ojaxSi cxovrebis ufleba?
b. mniSvnelovania ojaxSi cxovreba? ratom? ratom ara?
g. romeli bavSvebi ar cxovroben ojaxSi? sad cxovroben isini?
d. vin uzrunvelyofs am bavSvebis ojaxebis dacvas?
e. icnobT aseT bavSvebs? riT SegiZliaT daexmaroT am bavSvebs?
* savarjiSoSi `vin unda miiRos gadawyvetileba“, gv. 86, ganxilulia is, Tu rogor cxovroben
ojaxebi da rogor iReben isini gadawyvetilebebs.
* stereotipebis sakiTxebi ganxilulia, agreTve, savarjiSoebSi `TamaSebi suraTebiT“, gv.
96 da `msoflios bavSvTa sazafxulo banaki“, gv. 126.
* dagegmeT ramdenime viziti uaxloes bavSvTa TavSesafarSi an bavSvTa saxlSi da iq myof

bavSvebTan erTad SeqmeniT sadiskusio klubi an megobarTa jgufi.
* Tuki adgilobriv TemSi arsebobs iniciativa, romelic iTvaliswinebs `mSoblis ayvanas“
an `babuis an bebiis ayvanas“ (moxucebulis wamoyvanas TavSesafridan), bavSvebma SeiZleba am
iniciativaSi monawileobis miRebis survili gamoTqvan.
* zogierTi bavSvi SesaZloa `Zmis an dis ayvanis“ iniciativiT gamovides da es iniciativa
adgilobrivi sazogadoebis an skolis mier iqnes gaziarebuli
* yuradReba miaqcieT, rom bavSvebma uxerxulad ar igrZnon Tavi da maT aravin dascinos
gansxvavebuli tipis ojaxis wardgenisas. mTeli savarjiSos ganmavlobaSi yuradReba gaamaxvileT
tolerantobaze da grZnobebsa Tu faseulobebze, romlebic ojaxs udevs safuZvlad.
* unda moaxdinoT savarjiSos adaptireba bavSvebis ojaxebSi arsebuli situaciis
gaTvaliswinebiT, rom sakuTari ojaxis gamo bavSvebma uxerxulad ar igrZnon Tavi.
* savarjiSos dawyebamde waikiTxeT winaswari informacia, romelic mocemulia TamaSSi
òjaxi da alternatiuli mzrunveloba“, gv.230. SegiZliaT aseve naxoT informacia sxvadaxva
tipis ojaxebis da maTi Semadgenlobis Sesaxeb da am savarjiSoSi gamoiyenoT.
am savarjiSos Sesamokleblad SeiZleba misi Catareba ojaxebis suraTebis gareSe. bavSvebis

jgufebad dayofisas SegiZliaT sTxovoT maT, isaubron TavianTi ojaxebis amsaxveli naxatebis
Sesaxeb, damatebiTi suraTebis da fotoebis gareSe. Tumca mniSvnelovania, rom ganxilvisas
bavSvebi iseTi tipis ojaxebsac Seexon, romlebic maTi ojaxebisgan gansxvavebulia.
199
40. visi suraTi maqvs zurgze dakruli?
aba, vin var me?
Temebi: adamianis zogadi uflebebi, diskriminacia, media da interneti
sirTulis done: me-2
asaki: 10-13 weli
savarjiSos tipi: TamaSi-gamocnoba, romelsac safuZvlad udevs fotoebis
aRqma stereotipebze dayrdnobiT; diskusia
savarjiSos aRwera: sxvebis pasuxebze dayrdnobiT TiToeulma bavSvma unda gamoicnos, vin aris
mis zurgze mikrul furcelze gamosaxuli
miznebi: • TiToeuli adamianis da adamianTa jgufisTvis iarliyebis mikerebis
da stereotipebis zegavlenis ganxilva
• stereotipebs, winaswar ganwyobas da diskriminacias Soris kavSiris
ganxilva
• stereotipebis da winaswari ganwyobis xelSewyobaSi mediis rolis
gaanalizeba
momzadeba: SeagroveT 25 foto, sadac gamosaxulia adamianebi sxvadasxva qveyanasa
da garemoSi. dakideT fotoebi muyaos dafaze. Sexedulebisamebr: gauke-
TeT laminireba da danomreT
masalebi: • 25 foto, romlebic muyaos dafazea dakidebuli
• Wikartebi an webovani lenti da bluteki
• kalmistrebi da furclebi
• didi formatis furclebi da markeri
miTiTebebi
1. ganumarteT bavSvebs savarjiSo:
a. yovel Tqvengans webovani lentiT zurgze mikruli geqnebaT adamianis foto.
b. bavSvebma wreze, oTaxis garSemo unda iaron. Semxvedris mimarTulebiT momavali bavSvis
zurgze mikruli fotos danaxvisas gamoTqviT sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli azri am tipis
adamianis Sesaxeb. SesaZloa es Tqveni piradi azri ar iyos, Tumca unda gamoxatavdes im
ganwyobas da stereotips, romelic sazogadoebaSi am tipis adamianebis mimarT arsebobs.
es gamonaTqvamebi SeiZleba iyos pozitiuri an nagatiuri, arakeTilganwyobilic ki.
g. CamowereT am gamonaTqvamebSi Tqvens mimarT naxmari sityvebi da ecadeT,
gamoicnoT, Tu ra tipis adamiani xarT.
2. TiToeul bavSvs miakariT foto zurgze ise, rom man fotoze gamosaxuli adamiani
ver dainaxos. mieciT yvela bavSvs furceli da kalmistari da sTxoveT, Caiweros mis
dasaxasiaTeblad gamoyenebuli sityvebi.
3. savarjiSos dawyebisas bavSvebi erTmaneTSi airevian da erTmaneTs iseT sityvebs eubnebian,
romlebic adamianis daxasiaTebisas gamoiyeneT. daaxloebiT 10 wuTSi isev SekribeT jgufi.
4. daiwyeT pirveli fotodan da sTxoveT TiToeul bavSvs, gamoicnos fotoze gamosaxuli
adamiani sxva bavSvebis mier mocemuli daxasiaTebebis mixedviT. sTxoveT TiToebul bavSvs,
axsnas, rogor gamoicno esa Tu is adamiani. Semdeg sTxoveT, rigrigobiT waikiTxon is
sityvebi, romlebic fotos aRwerisas iyo gamoyenebuli, da CamowereTes sityebi flipCartze
an dafaze.
a. mas Semdeg, rac gamocnobis etaps yvela bavSvi gaivlis, CamoxseniT fotoebi da aCveneT
mTel jgufs, miakariT isini dafaze an flipCartze, Sesabamisi komentarebis gverdiT.
5. mokled isaubreT TiToeuli fotos Sesaxeb:
a. rogor fiqrobT, sad aris fotoze gamosaxuli adamiani?
b. ras akeTebs?
g. raime uflebiT sargeblobis procesSi xom ar aris is gadaRebuli?

1. savarjiSosSemdgom ganxilvaSi Semdegi SekiTxvebi dagexmarebaT:
a. rTuli iyo iseTi sityvebis gamoZebna, romlebic zustad asaxavs am tipis adamianebis
Sesaxeb sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebul azrs?
b. ra SegrZneba gqondaT, rodesac mkacr an usamarTlo Sefasebebs iyenebdiT am adamianis
mimarT?
g. rTuli iyo suraTze gamosaxuli adamianis gamocnoba imis mixedviT, Tu ras ambobdnen
masze?
d. ras grZnobdiT, rodesac ismendiT, Tu ras ambobdnen im adamianze, romelsac Tqven
warmoadgenT?
e. gansxvavdeboda Tqveni azri sxvadasxva fotoze warmodgenil adamianebze im
komentarebisgan, romlebsac ismendiT?
v. vinmes gauWirda im adamianis gamocnoba, visac warmoadgenda? ratom?
200
2. ganixileT sityvebis nusxa da daukavSireT is adamianis uflebebs. gamoiyeneT iarliyebi da
stereotipebi, romlebic am adamianebTan mimarTebaSi ixmareba; dasviT Semdegi SekiTxvebi:
a. rogor fiqrobT, Tqveni Temis umravlesoba Sexvedria aseT adamianebs?
b. ris safuZvelze eqmnebaT maT Sexedulebebi am adamianebis Sesaxeb?
g. icvliT Tu ara azrs ama Tu im adamianis Sesaxeb?
d. ratom aris adamianis mimarT sxvadaxva iarliyis da stereotipis gamoyeneba
usamarTlo?
e. ramdenad SeuZlia iarliyebis mikerebas da stereotipebs ubiZgos adamians uflebebis
darRvevisken?
v. gvTavazobs Tu ara bavSvebis mier mocemuli daxasiaTeba sxvadasxva adamianis xedvas?
gana yvela adamianis xedva erTnairia?
z. miaqcieT yuradReba, rom ucnobi adamianebis Sesaxeb azrs Cven xSirad mediidan (mag.
radio da televizia) vigebT. isaubreT stereotipebis CamoyalibebaSi mediis rolis
Sesaxeb Semdegi SekiTxvebis daxmarebiT:
T. rogor warmoadgens media sxva kulturis da qveynis warmomadgenlebs? rodesac isini
sxva kulturaSi an qveyanaSi cxovroben? rodesac sakuTar qveyanaSi cxovroben?
i. rogor SeuZlia medias xeli Seuwyos stereotipebis da winaswari ganwyobebis
Camoyalibebas?

stereotipebs sxva savarjiSoebic Seexeba, magaliTad:
• savarjiSoebSi `TamaSebi suraTebiT“, gv. 96, da `msoflios bavSvTa sazafxulo banaki“, gv.
126, ganixileba ramdenime sxvadasxva stereotipi;
• savarjiSoebi `biWebi ar tirian“, gv. 63, da ìyo da ara iyo ra...“ gv. 112, ganixilaven genderul
stereotipebs;
• `Tvalaxveuli“, gv. 104, da `codnis moculoba“, gv. 187, Seexeba stereotipebs unarSezRuduli
bavSvebis Sesaxeb.

• bavSvebs SeuZliaT Caataron kvleva da gaigon, Tu rogoria sxvebis - bavSvebisa da/
an ufrosebis - azri fotoebis Sesaxeb. kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT SeuZliaT miiRon
gadawyvetileba imis Taobaze, Tu rogor moagvaron stereotipebsa da winaswar ganwyobasTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
• magaliTisaTvis amoirCieT raime mimdinare movlena, romelic sxva qveynebs da kulturebs
Seexeba, da gaaanalizeT, Tu rogor aRweren gazeTebi, radio da televizia am ambebs da maTSi
monawile adamianebs. SeadareT erTmaneTs sxvadasxva mediis mier gadmocemuli erTi da
igive ambavi. rogoraa gadmocemuli adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebi?
• Tuki bavSvebs aqvT kamera, maT SeuZliaT moawyon fotogamofena àdamianis uflebebi“ an
`mravalferovnebis sxvadaxva saxe.“

• savarjiSosSemdgomi ganxilvisas sxvadasxva suraTis gamoyenebiT da sxvadasxva SekiTxvis
dasmis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia am savarjiSos adaptireba da mTeli aqcentis gadatana
adamianis uflebebis nebismier Temaze, magaliTad, genderul Tanasworobaze, siRaribesa an
socialur gariyulobaze.
• Zalze mniSvnelovania kargi suraTebis SerCeva. maTi SerCeva SesaZlebelia Jurnalebidan,
samogzauro broSurebidan, Zveli kalendrebidan da safosto baraTebidan. SeiZleba,
agreTve, maTi amobeWdva oogle-idan. miaqcieT yuradReba, rom arcerT suraTs ar axldes
teqsti, magram CainiSneT fotos Sesaxeb informacia, rom SemdgomSi masTan dakaSirebul
SekiTxvebs upasuxoT.
• suraTebze warmodgenili unda iyos “dedamiwaze cxovrebis” sxvadasxva aspeqti. aseve,
warmodgenili unda iyvnen sxvadasxva tipis adamianebi Tu adamianTa jgufebi, sxvadasxva
asakobrivi jgufis da kulturis warmomadgenlebi. unda iyos suraTebi soflisa da
urbanul garemoSi, industriasa da soflis meurneobaSi, adamianebi dakavebuli sxvadasva
saxis samuSaoTi da dasvenebiT; sxvadasxva warmomavlobis, kanis feris, rasisa da religiis
mimdevari adamianebi. nu ecdebiT raime TanamimdevrobiT maT dalagebas.
• ecadeT, iseTi suraTebi SearCioT, sadac ar aris gamosaxuli jgufis wevrebisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi, radgan es uxerxulobas gamoiwvevs.
• bevr bavSvs gauWirdeba stereotipul pasuxebsa da sakuTar azrs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena.
Tumca es savarjiSo daafiqrebs maT da mniSvnelovania maTi momavlisTvis.
• bavSvebi gansxvavdebian TavianTi simwifiT, siRrmiT, stereotipebis zogadi codniT
da `vizualuri wignierebis“ unariT. moaxdineT analizis adaptireba jgufis
SesaZleblobebTan.
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V. Temebi
1. moqalaqeoba
rogorc wesi [bavSvebi], rogorc moqalaqeebi, an ignorirebuli arian, an ufro xSirad maT
momavlis da ara awmyos moqalaqeebad Tvlian sakuTari Sexedulebebis Sesabamisad.
braian houvi
Tanamedrove moqalaqeobis mravalmxrivi aspeqtebi
viwro samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT moqalaqe warmoadgens im saxelmwifos macxovrebels,

sadac kanoni icavs adamianebis moqalaqeobriv da politikur uflebebs da sadac adamianebs
sakuTari movaleobebi aqvT saxelmwifos winaSe. es movaleobebia qveynis kanonebis dacva, erTian
xarjebSi wvlilis Setana, qveynis dacva mtris Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi. moqalaqeoba gansxvavdeba
erovnebisgan anu eTnikuri identurobisgan. aRniSnul konteqstSi ori ukanaskneli termini
sinonimebia kulturuli da enobrivi niSniT dajgufebisTvis. evropis umetesi qveynebi ramdenime
sxvadasxva erovnebis adamianebiT aris dasaxlebuli. Tumca erTi da imave erovnebis adamianebi
SeiZleba mezobel qveynebSic cxovrobdnen. Tu saxelmwifo politikur da geopolitikur
erTeuls warmoadgens, eri kulturuli da/an eTnikuri erTeulia. moqalaqeoba dakavSirebulia
saxelmwifosTan da ar aris damokidebuli erovnebaze.
dRes arsebuli `moqalaqeoba~ scildeba ubralod samrTlebriv urTierTobebs adamianebsa da
saxelmwifos Soris. mas ara mxolod samarTlebrivi aspeqti axasiaTebs, romelic moqalaqeobriv
da politikur uflebebsa da movaleobebs gulisxmobs, aramed fsiqologiuri da socialuri
aspeqtebic. moqalaqeoba adamianis individualobis nawilia. Sen giyvars Seni Temi, radgan misi
nawili xar da sxvaTaganac amas eli da ginda, rom isini SenTan erTad zrunavdnen mTeli Temis
saerTo keTildReobaze.
am ufro farTo gagebiT, moqalaqeoba ar niSnavs mxolod sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis
damyarebis process. is moicavs individualobis, kuTvnilebis, sazogadoebaSi CarTulobis,
monawileobisa da sazogadeobis winaSe pasuxismgeblobis grZnobebs. moqalaqes, rogorc
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sazogadoebis wevrs, SeuZlia gavlena moaxdinos, monawileoba miiRos mis ganviTarebaSi da wvlili
Seitanos mis keTildReobaSi. amgvarad, moqalaqe aris rogorc uflebebis da movaleobebis
`mimRebi~, aseve `monawile~, romelic monawileobas Rebulobs im jgufis cxovrebaSi, romlis
nawiladac Tavs aRiqvams. am aspeqtSi moqalaqeebi Rirsebis TvalsazrisiT Tanasworni arian.
kiTxva: arCevnebSi monawileobis garda, CarTulobis an monawileobis kidev ra formebia

SesaZlebeli Cveulebrivi moqalaqeebisTvis? rogor SeiZleba maTi waxaliseba monawileobis
misaRebad?
moqalaqeobis istoriuli da Tanamedrove koncefciebi
moqalaqeobis istoriuli ganviTarebis ideis gaazreba gvexmareba moqalaqeobis mravalmxrivi

aspeqtebis axsnaSi.
moqalaqeobis erT-erTi adreuli koncefcia ukavSirdeba Zveli saberZneTis qalaq-
saxelmwifoebs, sadac `moqalaqeebad~ iTvlebodnen is adamianebi, romelTac hqondaT saxelmwifos
saqmeebSi monawileobis kanonieri ufleba. Tumca mosaxleobis mxolod patara procenti
iTvleboda moqalaqeebad: monebs da qalebs ubralo nivTebad Tvlidnen, xolo ucxoelebi
saerTod ar Sediodnen am siaSi. im Tavisufali adamianebisTvis, romlebsac hqondaT moqalaqis
privilegirebuli statusi, `moqalaqeobrivi Rirseba~ an `kargi moqalaqeoba~ mniSvnelovani iyo.
am tradiciam gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba SesZina im pasuxismgeblobebs, romlebsac moqalaqeoba
akisrebda moqalaqeebs.
moqalaqeobis asocireba erovnul kuTvnilebasTan mecxramete saukuneSi warmoiSva, rodesac
evropis mTeli masStabiT Cndeboda erovnuli saxelmwifoebi da roca `moqalaqis~ samarTlebrivi
statusi xSirad ukavSirdeboda erovnul saxelmwifos, maSinac ki, roca aRniSnul teritoriaze
ramdenime eTnikuri warmoSobis warmomadgenlebi cxovrobdnen. am periodSi moqalaqeobasa da
patriotizms Soris kavSiri kidev ufro gaZlierda.
moqalaqeobis liberaluri gageba, romelic safrangeTis revoluciasTan erTad warmoiSva,
yuradRebas amaxvilebda yvela moqalaqisTvis uflebebis miniWebis mniSvnelobaze, konstituciis
erTgulebaze da ara eTnikur wamomavlobaze. rac ufro met adamians eZleoda arCevnebSi
monawileobis ufleba, samarTlianoba da politikuri uflebebi ufro meti adamianisTvis
iqceoda realobad. meoce saukuneSi `socialuri moqalaqeobis~ mxardamWerebi ufro Sors
wavidnen da aRiares, rom moqalaqeebs samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebi saxelmwifosgan unda
hqonodaT miniWebuli. gasul saukuneSi mdidari saxelmwifoebis aRmavloba mniSvnelovanwilad
im moazrovne adamianebs unda umadlodes, romlebic amtkicebdnen, rom moqalaqeebis uflebebi
maT saarsebo da samuSao pirobebsac unda gulisxmobdes.
dRes moqalaqeobas sxvadasxva mniSvneloba aqvs, romlebic urTierdakavSirebuli da
urTierdamokidebulia. àqtiuri moqalaqeoba~ gulisxmobs muSaobas ukeTesi sazogadoebis
Seqmnis mimarTulebiT ekonomikur cxovrebaSi, saxelmwifo samsaxurSi, nebayoflobiT
saqmianobaSi monawileobis gziT da sxva iseTi saqmianobiT, romelic xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebis
yvela wevris cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobesebas.
èvropis moqalaqeoba~ sxvadasxvanairad esmiT adamianebs. evrokavSiris Sesaxeb maastrixtis
xelSekrulebam Camoayaliba koncefcia, rom evrokavSirSi Semaval saxelmwifoTa moqalaqeebs
garkveuli uflebebi da movaleobebi aqvT rogorc mTalianad kavSiris, ise sakuTari
saxelmwifoebis mimarT. evrokavSiris moqalaqeebisTvis miniWebuli amgvari uflebebi gulisxmobs
wevri saxelmwifoebis teritoriebze gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebas da cxovrebis uflebas, aseve
evropis parlamentis arCevnebSi monawileobisa da sakuTari kandidaturis wamoyenebis uflebas.
Tumca ar SeiZleba imis Tqma, rom dRevandeli èvropuli sazogadoeba~ iseTivea, rogoric,
vTqvaT, saberZneTis an CexeTis sazogadeobebi. amJamad evropis moqalaqeoba sadRac xelSesaxeb
realobasa da Soreul ideals Soris imyofeba. èvropis moqalaqeobis idealuri varianti
damyarebuli iqneboda demokratiis, adamianis uflebebisa da socialuri samarTlianobis
faseulobebze.~1 evropis moqalaqeoba iZleva sxvadasxva faseulobis sistemebisadmi _
adamianis uflebebis, erovnebis, eTnikuri da religiuri warmomavlobis, adgilobrivi Temis,
ojaxis, ideologiuri jgufisadmi da a.S. _ kuTvnilebis grZnobas. kuTvnilebis aRniSnuli
mravalferovani da dinamikuri sistema, romelsac gulisxmobs evropis moqalaqeoba, ar modis
winaaRmdegobaSi arcerT erovnul identurobasTan, igi moculobiTia da moqmedebs adgilobriv
doneze.
`msoflios moqalaqeoba~ SedarebiT axali koncefciaa, romelic warmoiSva im Sexedulebidan,
rom yvela adamiani msoflios moqalaqea. Tumca, samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, cneba `msoflios
moqalaqe~ ar arsebobs. `msoflios moqalaqeoba gulisxmobs usamarTlobisa da uTanasworobis
winaaRmdeg brZolis saWiroebis gaTviTcnobierebas, aseve am mimarTulebiT aqtiurad moqmedebis
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survils da SesaZleblobas. es aris dedamiwis aRqma rogorc Zvirfasi da unikaluri ramisa da
momavali TaobebisTvis misi dacvisa da SenarCunebis survili. msoflios moqalaqeoba arsebobs
nebismieri sxva moqalaqeobis paralelurad; es aris azrovnebis stili da realuri sikeTis
keTebis survili.~2
imis gamo, rom terminebs `moqalaqe~ da `moqalaqeoba~ mravali ganmarteba aqvT da erovnuli
saxelmwifo, sxvadasxva kulturis mqone evropaSi, aucileblad ar niSnavs saTanado cnebas,
evropis sabWo terminiT `moqalaqe~ aRniSnavs `sazogadoebaSi sxva adamianebTan erTad mcxovreb
adamians~. èrovnuli saxelmwifos~ nacvlad sityva `Temi~ ukeTesad miesadageba im adgilobriv,
regionul da saerTaSoriso garemos, romelSic adamiani cxovrobs.
kiTxva: piradad Tqven rogor gesmiT moqalaqeoba? moqalaqeobis rogori kriteriumebi unda
arsebobdes sul ufro swrafad ganviTarebad da sxvadasxva kulturisgan Semdgar samyaroSi?
visze ar unda vrceldebodes moqalaqeobis uflebebi Tqvens sazogadoebaSi?
amJamad, adamianebis umetesobis gagebiT, moqalaqeoba Seicavs yvela aRniSnuli koncefciis

elementebs, Tumca sxvadasxva xarisxiT. zogi adamiani ufro met yuradRebas aqcevs `movaleobebs~,
maSin, roca sxvebma SeiZleba ùflebebs~ ufro meti mniSvneloba SesZinon. zogierTebisTvis
patriotizmi da kavSiri romelime erT saxelmwifosTan umTavresia, maSin, roca sxva adamianebi
moqalaqeobis mniSvnelobas ufro Rrmad gaiazreben.
bavSvebi _ moqalaqeebi
bevri qveynis kanonis Tanaxmad odesRac bavSvebi maTi mSoblebis sakuTrebad iTvlebodnen.
miuxedavad imisa, rom patria potestas (mamis Zalaufleba), romelic mamas yvelanair (maT Soris
sicocxlis da sikvdilis) uflebas aZlevda sakuTar Svilebze, didi xania aRar arsebobs, am
tradiciis gadmonaSTi jer kidev gvxvdeba zogierT qveyanaSi. tradiciuli Sexedulebaa, rom
bavSvebi sazogadoebaSi àr arian moqalaqeebi~ an `jer ara aqvT moqalaqeobis statusi~. maSin,
roca bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia aRiarebs mSoblebis uflebebs sakuTar Svilebze zrunvaze, maT
ganaTlebasa da warmomadgenlobaze (me-5 da me-18 muxlebi), mas aseve Semoaqvs bavSvis WeSmariti
interesebis principi, romelic mSoblis uflebebze zRvars awesebs bavSvebis interesebis
gaTvaliswinebiT (me-3 muxli).
bavSvTa uflebebis kanadeli damcvelis braian houvis azriT, imis miuxedavad, rom
samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT bavSvebi dabadebis an naturalizaciis ZaliT moqalaqeebs
warmoadgenen, maT xSirad ar aRiareben da ar Tvlian moqalaqeebad. `bavSvebi rogorc moqalaqeebi
an ignorirebuli arian, an maT ufro xSirad momavlis da ara awmyos moqalaqeebad aRiqvamen.~3 houvi
am damokidebulebis or mTavar mizezs gansazRvravs: bavSvebis ekonomikur damokidebulebas
mSoblebze da maT fsiqologiur moumwifeblobas. is aRniSnavs, rom ekonomikurad damokidebul
sxva jgufebs, rogorebicaa umuSevari mSoblebi, pensionerebi, umaRlesi saswavleblebis
studentebi an zrdasruli Sromisuunaro adamianebi, uars ar eubnebian moqalaqeobaze. houvi
askvnis, rom bavSvebs aqvT moqalaqeobis ufleba, vinaidan `moqalaqeoba exeba CarTulobas da ara
ekonomikur damoukideblobas~.
kiTxva: namdvilad arian Tu ara bavSvebi moqalaqeebi? Tu isini momavali moqalaqeebi arian an
`jer ara aqvT moqalaqeobis statusi~?
bavSvebs namdvilad jer ara aqvT ufrosebisnairi kognitiuri ganviTareba, mowifuloba da

TviTkontroli. Tumca ganviTareba mudmivi da xangrZlivi procesia, romelic mTeli cxovrebis
manZilze mimdinareobs, da bavSvebis kognitiuri ganviTareba izrdeba, roca maT pativiscemiT
epyrobian da maTi asakis Sesabamis SesaZleblobebs aZleven imisTvis, rom damoukidebeli
moqalaqeebis saxiT imoqmedon da monawileoba miiRon sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.
Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kanonmdeblobisa da adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis
Sesabamisad bavSvebs, ufrosebis msgavsad, aqvT uflebebi da movaleobebi. Tumca maT aseve
gansxvavebuli moqalaqeoba aqvT: bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia aRiarebs bavSvebis gansakuTrebuli
dacvis saWiroebas (magaliTad, Zaladobisgan, ugulebelyofisgan, ekonomikuri da seqsualuri
eqspluataciisgan), maTi uzrunvelyofis (anu ZiriTadi saWiroebebis _ rogoricaa janmrTelobis
dacva, socialuri dacva an cxovrebis normaluri pirobebi _ dakmayofilebis, aseve saxelis,
individualobisa da moqalaqeobis uzrunvelyofis) aucileblobas da yvela im gadawyvetilebis
miRebaSi bavSvebis monawileobis uflebas, romlebic maT exeba. aRniSnuli uflebebi unda
ganxorcieldes bavSvis mzardi SesaZleblobebis Sesabamisad, iseve, rogorc bavSvis, rogorc
moqalaqis, movaleobebi. bavSvebma, ufrosebis msgavsad, pativi unda scen sxvaTa uflebebs da
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daemorCilon kanons, magram maTi pasuxismgeblobis xarisxi da pasuxismgebloba kanonis winaSe
asakis Sesabamisad gansxvavdeba. aRniSnuli principis gamoyeneba monawileobis uflebasTan
mimarTebaSi ganxilulia praqtikul savarjiSoSi, `monawileoba~, gv. 262.
kiTxva: moqalaqeobrivi monawileobis romeli formebia bavSvebisTvis SesaZlebeli da

Sesaferisi?
moqalaqeobis winaSe mdgomi gamowvevebi

dRevandel evropaSi arsebobs ramdenime socialuri fenomeni, romlebic moqalaqeobis
tradiciul models problemebs uqmnis. zogierT adgilebSi eTnikuri konfliqtebi da aSkarad
gamoxatuli nacionalizmi aferxeben moqalaqeobis axali formebis warmoqmnas. garda amisa,
moqalaqeobis cnebisTvis axali gamowvevaa Tanamedrove migraciis mniSvnelovani masStabic.
moqalaqeobis gaazrebaSi siZneleebs qmnis zogierTi eTnikuri umciresobis warsulSi akrZaluli
koleqtiuri TviTmyofadobis axali formebis gamoCena, sakuTari avtonomiis gazrdis moTxovnebi
da Tanasworobis axali formebi. socialuri erTobisa da adamianebs Soris solidarobis
Sesusteba, aseve tradiciuli politikuri institutebis mimarT mzardi undobloba mudmivad
saWiroebs demokratiuli moqalaqeobis xelaxal gaazrebas da am sferoSi ganaTlebis misadagebas
axal realobasTan.
ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisTvis
ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisTvis exeba sganmanaTleblo process, romlis

daniSnulebaa, rom yvela bavSvi da axalgazrda aqtiuri da pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse moqalaqe
gaxdes, raTa SeZlos da mzad iyos, sakuTari wvlili Seitanos im sazogadoebis keTildReobaSi,
romelSic cxovrobs. demokratiuli moqalaqeobis ganviTarebis ganaTlebis sami ZiriTadi
mizania: 1) politikuri gaTviTcnobierebis uzrunvelyofa: politikuri da samoqalaqo
institutebisa da socialuri problemebis codnis micema; 2) iseTi saWiro unar-Cvevebis
ganviTareba, rogoricaa kritikuli azrovneba, TanamSromloba da aqtiuri mosmena, da 3) iseTi
faseulobebisa da damokidebulebis damkvidrebis xelSewyoba, romlebsac Temis cxovrebaSi
aqtiuri monawileobisken da Cabmisken mivyavarT. amgvari kompleqsuri midgoma demokratiuli
moqalaqeobis aRsazrdel ganaTlebas ganasxvavebs tradiciuli samoqalaqo an moqalaqeobis
ganviTarebisken mimarTuli ganaTlebisgan, romelic ZiriTad yuradRebas codnis SeZenaze da
uflebebis dacvasa da pasuxismgeblobaze amaxvilebs.
1997 wlidan evropis sabWo axorcielebs proeqts demokratiuli moqalaqeobisaTvis ganaTlebis
sferoSi. es proeqti aanalizebs da politikur rekomendaciebs iZleva aRniSnul sakiTxze
da agrovebs saswavlo masalas da saukeTeso praqtikas. 2002 wels evropis sabWos ministrTa
komitetma miiRo rekomendacia, romelic mouwodebs mTavrobebs, ganaTlebis politikis TavianTi
reformebis prioritetul amocanad demokratiuli moqalaqeobis mimarTulebiT ganaTleba
dasaxon.4
amJamad gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba bavSvebis monawileobis xelSewyobas
SesaZleblobaTa Seqmnis gziT, raTa bavSvebma monawileoba miiRon sakuTari ganaTlebis procesSi.
evropis sabWom wamoiwyo programa bavSvTa uflebebis xelSesawyobad da bavSvTa dasacavad
Zaladobisgan, romelsac uwoda àvaSenoT evropa bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan erTad~ 2006-2008
wlebisTvis.
aqtiur moqalaqeobaSi bavSvebis ganaTlebis saukeTeso saSualebas warmoadgens maTTvis
praqtikuli SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofa uSualo garemoSi aqtiuri monawileobis
misaRebad. bavSvebs SeuZliaT iswavlon sakuTari uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi da isargeblon
ojaxSi, skolaSi, sabavSvo klubebSi da adgilobriv organizaciebSi gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis
SesaZleblobiT. am rolSi bavSvebi ganicdian kuTvnilebis gaRrmavebul grZnobas da erTvebian
moqalaqeobis kompleqsur da dinamikur procesSi.
Sesabamisi dokumentebi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sferoSi
evropis sabWo
ministrTa komitetis REC (2002)12 rekomendaciaSi, romelic demokratiuli moqalaqeobis

sferoSi ganaTlebis sakiTxebs exeba, naTqvamia: `ganaTlebas demokratiuli moqalaqeobis
aRsazrdelad arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba evropis sabWos upirvelesi amocanis _ Tavisufali,
Semwynarebeli da samarTliani sazogadoebis mSeneblobis _ miRwevis xelSewyobisTvis~. evropis
205
mdidar kulturul mravalferovnebas evropis sabWo miiCnevs faseul qonebad, romelic adamianis
uflebebis, kanonis uzenaesobisa da demokratiis saerTo gagebazea damyarebuli. evropis
sabWo moqalaqeobas yvelaze farTo kuTxiT ganixilavs: `moqalaqe SeiZleba davaxasiaToT
rogorc àdamiani, romelic sxva adamianebTan erTad cxovrobs sazogadoebaSi~... magram
vinaidan erovnuli saxelmwifo aRar warmoadgens Zalauflebis koncentrirebis erTaderT
wertils, arsebobs imis saWiroeba, rom SemuSavdes aRniSnuli cnebis ufro globaluri gageba~.
moqalaqeoba `moicavs uflebebTan da movaleobebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs, magram aseve
Tanasworobis, mravalferovnebis da socialuri samarTlianobis ideebs..... moqalaqeoba aseve
unda moicavdes individis mier ganxorcielebul mTel rig saqmianobas, romelic gavlenas axdens
Temis cxovrebaze (adgilobrivi, qveynis, regionuli da saerTaSoriso masStabiT).....~5
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis ramdenime muxli uzrunvelyofs uflebebs,
romlebic dakavSirebulia qmediTi moqalaqeobis sakiTxebTan. es aris Tavisuflebisa da
usafrTxoebis uflebebi (muxli 5), azrovnebis, sindisisa da religiis Tavisufleba (muxli 9),
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba (muxli 10), mSvidobiani Sekrebis da gaerTianebis Tavisufleba (muxli
11) da ganaTlebis ufleba (oqmi 1, muxli 2). evropis kulturuli konvenciis pirvel muxlSi
aRniSnulia, rom wevrma saxelmwifom unda miiRos saTanado zomebi, raTa daicvas da xeli Seuwyos
evropis saerTo kulturul memkvidreobaSi sakuTari erovnuli wvlilis Setanas~.
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia sityvas `moqalaqe~ an `moqalaqeoba~ iyenebs

qveynisadmi kuTvnilebis TvalsazrisiT. me-15 muxlSi naTqvamia, rom `yvelas aqvs moqalaqeobis
ufleba~ da dauSvebelia moqalaqeobis CamorTmeva seriozuli mizezebis gareSe. am muxlSi aseve
aRniSnulia, rom yvela adamians aqvs moqalaqeobis Secvlis ufleba.
sayovelTao deklaraciis 29-e muxli aRiarebs, rom moqalaqeobis ufleba pasuxismgeblobebsac
moicavs da aseve aRiarebs, rom moqalaqeoba ara mxolod samarTlebrivi statusi, aramed
fsiqologiuri da socialuri faseulobacaa:
`yovel adamians aqvs movaleobani sazogadoebis winaSe, radgan mxolod sazogadoebaSia
SesaZlebeli misi pirovnebis Tavisufali da sruli ganviTareba~.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia aseve exeba moqalaqeobas. me-7 muxliT garantirebulia bavSvis
ufleba, miiRos moqalaqeoba da dacva moqalaqeobis uqonlobis Tavidan asacileblad. me-8 muxli
aRiarebs bavSvisTvis moqalaqeobis mniSvnelobas da mouwodebs mTavrobebs `pativi scen bavSvis
uflebas, SeinarCunos Tavisi individualoba, moqalaqeobis, ... CaTvliT~.
moqalaqeobis gageba bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi scdeba mxolod samarTlebriv sazRvrebs.
konvencia Seicavs ufrosebisTvis adamianis uflebaTa ufro adreul dokumentebSi (rogoricaa
evropuli konvencia da ori paqti) garantirebul bevr uflebas. Tumca bavSvis uflebaTa
konvencia yuradRebas amaxvilebs imaze, rom ara mxolod ufrosebs, aramed bavSvebsac, maTi
moqalaqeobis arsebiT aspeqtze dayrdnobiT, ufleba aqvT, monawileoba miiRon Temis cxovrebis
yvela sferoSi:
* muxli 9: monawileoba sasamarTlo procesSi, romelic bavSvis meurveobas exeba

* muxli 12: monawileoba gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi `yvela im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT,
romelic bavSvs exeba~
* muxli 13: azris gamoTqma da informaciis miReba da gadacema
* muxli 14: ufleba, hqondes sakuTari Sexedulebebi azris, sindisisa da religiis
skiTxebze
* muxli 15: sxvebTan gaerTianebis ufleba
* muxli 23: unarSezRuduli bavSvis ufleba, àqtiuri monawileoba miiRos sazogadoebis
cxovrebaSi~
* muxli 30: umciresobebis an mkvidri mosaxleobis bavSvebis ufleba, sakuTari jgufis
wevrebTan da ufro farTo sazogadoebasTan erTad monawileoba miiRon sazogadoebis
cxovrebaSi
* muxli 31: ufleba, monawileoba miiRos kulturul cxovrebaSi da eziaros xelovnebas
ixileT, agreTve, Temis - `monawileoba~ _ ganxilva, gv. 252.
206
----------------------------------
sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Council of Europe Actions to Promote Children’s Rights to Protection from All Forms of Violence: UNICEF,
Innocenti Research Centre, Florence, 2005.
* Children’s and Young People’s Preparation Seminar of the Launching Conference ‘Building a Europe with and for
Children’, Final report: Council of Europe, 2006.
* Declaration and Programme on Education for Democratic Citizenship, Based on the Rights and Responsibilities of
Citizens, Committee of Ministers: Council of Europe, 1999.
* Gittins, Chris, Violence reduction in Schools – How to make a difference: Council of Europe, 2006.
* Gollob, Rolf and Krapf, Peter, Exploring Children’s Rights: Lesson sequences for primary schools, DGIV/EDU/CIT
(2006) 17: Council of Europe, 2006. www.unicef-icdc.org/publications
* Howe, Brian, ‘Citizenship Education for Child Citizens’, Canadian and International Education Journal, Vol. 34,
no.1: 2005, p. 42-49.
* O’Shea, Karen, Developing a shared understanding, a glossary of terms for education for democratic citizenship,
DGIV/EDU/CIT (2003) 29: Strassbourg, Council of Europe, 2003:
www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/edc/ Source/Pdf/Documents/2003_29_GlossaryEDC.PDF
* Ramberg, Ingrid, Citizenship Matters: the participation of young women and minorities in Euro-Med youth projects,
Seminar report: Council of Europe Publishing, 2005.
* Torney-Purta, Judith et al., Citizenship and Education in Twenty-Eight Countries: Civic knowledge and engagement
at age fourteen: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, Amsterdam, 2001.
* Under Construction: Citizenship, Youth and Europe, T-Kit on European Citizenship: Council of Europe, 2003.
* Violence against Children in Europe, A preliminary review of research: UNICEF, Innocenti Research Centre,
Florence, 2005.
----------------------------------
* Droits Partagès: des droits de l’homme aux droits de l’enfant: www.droitspartages.org

* fondi Citizenship: www.citizenshipfoundation.org.uk
* Oxfam Cool planet for teachers on global citizenship: www.oxfam.org.uk
* programa àvaSenoT evropa bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan erTad~: www.coe.int/children
* ìunisefis~ kvleviTi centri Innocenti: www.unicef-irc.org/publications/
----------------------------------
1 Under construction, Citizenship, Youth and Europe, T-kit No 7.Council of Europe, 2003. p.34.
2 Global Citizenship, Cool Planet for Teachers: www.oxfam.org.uk/coolplanet/teachers/globciti/index.htm
3 Howe, Brian, Citizenship Education for Child Citizens, Canadian and International Education Journal, Vol.
34, no.1: 2005, p. 44.
4 Recommendation REC (2002)12 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on education for
democratic citizenship.
5 O’Shea, Karen, Development of a shared understanding: A glossary of terms for education for democratic
citizenship: Council of Europe, GDIV/EDU/CIT (2003)29, p.8.
ouncil of Europe, GDIV/EDU/CIT (2003)29, p.8.
207
2. demokratia
`metad mniSvnelovania bavSvebsa da axalgazrdebs Soris demokratiis kulturis da
adamianis uflebaTa xelSewyoba, vinaidan damokidebuleba da qceva yalibdeba adreul
asakSi da momavalSi sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi maTi CarTvisTvis SeiZleba gadamwyveti
iyos.~
demokratiis momavlisTvis evropis sabWos forumis daskvnebi, 2007 wlis ivnisi.
ra aris demokratia?
evropis istoriis manZilze demokratia arasodes yofila ase farTod damkvidrebuli da gan-
mtkicebuli kontinentze, rogorc 21-e saukunis dasawyisSi. TiTqmis yvela evropuli sazoga-
doeba demokratiulad iTvleba, Tu igi emyareba suverenuli moqalaqeobis, gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis dros gamWvirvalobis da angariSvaldebuli mTavrobis principebs. realur cxovrebaSi
rTulia aRniSnuli principebis srulad miRweva, magram amis miuxedavad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
zogadad swored isini warmoadgenen Tanamedrove evropaSi demokratiis ganviTarebis princi-
pebs.
`demokratia~ berZnuli sityvaa: demos niSnavs xalxs, xolo kratos – Zalauflebas. Sesabamis-
ad, demokratias xSirad gansazRvraven rogorc `xalxis batonobas~: es aris sistema, sadac xalxi
awesebs wesebs da emorCileba maT. Tanamedrove msoflioSi xalxebisa da qveynebis umetesobas mi-
aCnia, rom xelisuflebis erTaderTi moqmedi da sicocxlisunariani sistema demokratia unda
iyos.
demokratia or ZiriTad princips efuZneba:
* ìndividualuri avtonomiis~ principi: rom aravin unda daeqvemdebaros wesebs,
romlebic sxvaTa mier aris dawesebuli;
* `Tanasworobis~ principi: rom yvelas unda hqondes erTnairi SesaZlebloba, gavlena
moaxdinos gadawyvetilebebze, romlebic exeba adamianebs sazogadoebaSi.
xelisuflebis sxva formebi arRvevs orive am princips, vinaidan Zalaufleba gadawyvetileb-
is mimRebi konkretuli adamianis an socialuri klasis xelSia da isini danarCeni mosaxleobis
saxeliT iReben yvela gadawyvetilebas. magaliTad, oligarqia patara, privilegirebuli, zogi-
erTi niSniT (simdidre, ojaxuri an samxedro Zalaufleba) gamorCeuli jgufis mmarTvelobaa.
208
plutokratia aris mmarTveloba, romelic kontroldeba mdidrebis mier, xolo diqtatura erTi,
sruli Zalauflebis mqone piris mmarTvelobaa. mmarTvelobis am sxva formebis dros pativs ar
scemen arc individualur avtonomias da arc Tanasworobas.
demokratia SeiZleba sxvadasxva formis iyos. magaliTad, pirdapir demokratiaSi moqalaqeebi
uSualod monawileoben gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi. Tumca demokratiis yvelaze gavrcelebul
formas liberaluri an warmomadgenlobiTi demokratia warmoadgens, sadac moqalaqeebi irCeven
warmomadgenlebs, romlebic qmnian kanonebs da politikas da niSnaven saxelmwifo moxeleebs.
Teoriulad, warmomadgenlobiTi demokratia gulisxmobs xelisuflebis Tavisufal da samar-
Tlian arCevas xalxis xmaTa umravlesobiT. liberaluri demokratiisTvis damaxasiaTebelia
kanonis uzenaesoba, Zalauflebis gayofa, adamianis uflebaTa da umciresobaTa dacva. kanonis
uzenaesoba aris principi, rodesac xelisufleba da sasamarTlo mxolod dawerili kanonebis Se-
sabamisad moqmedeben. aRniSnuli principi mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli Zalauflebis gayofis
principTan, romlis Tanaxmad xelisuflebis sakanonmdeblo (parlamenti), aRmasrulebeli (mTav-
roba) da sasamarTlo Stoebi erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad moqmedeben. demokratiuli xelisu-
flebis pirobebSi adamianis uflebebi saerTo faseulobebis sistemas warmoadgens. Sesabamisad,
mcire warmomadgenlobis mqone nebismieri socialuri jgufi, rogoricaa bavSvebi, qalebi, emi-
grantebi, religiuri an eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebi, daculi arian diskriminaci-
isgan da xdeba maTi individualobisa da monawileobis xelSewyoba.
termini `demokratia~ aRniSnavs sazogadoebis garkveul tips, aseve xelisuflebis garkveul
tips. demokratiuli sazogadoeba uzrunvelyofs mmarTvelobis yvelaze samarTlian meTods um-
etesi xalxisTvis da maqsimalur Tanasworobas, gacilebiT meti adamiania aqtiuri da ara pasiuri
monawile. demokratiisTvis damaxasiaTebelia adamianis uflebaTa dacva da xelSewyoba yvela ada-
mianisTvis, jgufisTvis Tu sazogadoebis Semadgeneli yvela TemisTvis. vinaidan demokratiuli
sazogadoeba mudmivad cdilobs socialuri sakiTxebis gadaWras xalxis didi nawilis sasarge-
blod, ufro savaraudoc aris, rom adamianebma pativi scen mis gadawyvetilebebs. demokratia ar-
sebobs rogorc adgilobriv, ise saxelmwifo doneze.
demokratia praqtikaSi
demokratiuli sistemebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan da arcerTi maTgani ar SeiZleba CaiT-

valos modelad sxvaTaTvis. demokratiulma xelisuflebam SeiZleba miiRos ramdenime forma,
maT Soris saprezidento mmarTvelobis (rogoricaa safrangeTSi, rumineTSi an ruseTSi) an sa-
parlamento mmarTvelobis (rogorc did britaneTSi, slovakiaSi an espaneTSi). sxva qveynebs,
rogoricaa germania, federaluri mmarTvelobis formebi aqvT. zogierTi saarCevno sistema
proporciulia, xolo zogi maTgani maJoritaruli. Tumca zogadi principebia yvela moqalaqis
Tanasworoba da yvela adamianis ufleba garkveul individualur avtonomiaze. magram individ-
ualuri avtonomia ar niSnavs imas, rom yvelas SeuZlia imis keTeba, rac mas nebavs. is gulisx-
mobs, rom mmarTvelobis sistema yovel moqalaqes Tanabari xmis uflebas aZlevs, aRiarebs, rom
TiToeul adamians SeuZlia hqondes damoukidebeli arCevanis SesaZlebloba da rom mis arCevans
angariSi unda gauwion. amis Semdeg Zalian bevri ram damokidebulia calkeuli moqalaqeebis ini-
ciativasa da monawileobaze.
demokratiuli sistemebi Zalze gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan imis gaTvaliswinebiTac, Tu
ramdenad scemen isini pativs Tanasworobas da aZleven moqalaqeebs imis saSualebas, rom gavlena
moaxdinon gadawyvetilebebze. adamianebs, romlebic siRaribeSi cxovroben, SeiZleba naklebi
xmis ufleba hqondeT. qalebs, romlebic naklebad arian warmodgenili sazogadoebaSi, SeiZleba
naklebi SesaZleblobebi hqondeT gadawyvetilebis miRebis dros, maSinac ki, roca aRniSnuli
gadawyvetilebebi konkretulad qalebs exeba. zogierT socialur jgufs, rogoricaa bavSvebi da
ucxo qveynis muSebi, SeiZleba ar hqondeT xmis micemis ufleba. amave dros bevr adamians sjera,
rom maT wesebi iseTma arCeulma pirebma daudgines, romlebic maT interesebs ar warmoadgenen.
amgvarad, sad aris ZiriTadi demokratiuli principebi? ramdenad SegviZlia SevigrZnoT `sa-
kuTreba~ nebismier kanonze da xelisuflebis gadawyvetilebebze?
demokratia arasodes aris idealuri da yovlismomcveli. karl poperic ki aRniSnavs: `demokra-
tia aris sityva, romelic ararsebul raRacas niSnavs~. es SeiZleba gazviadebaa, magram WeSmariti
demokratia nadvilad idealuri modelia. adamianebis gadasawyvetia, Tu ramdenad axlos SeuZlia
maT sazogadoebas am idealur mdgomareobamde misvla.
209
demokratia mxolod maSin moqmedebs, roca moqalaqeebi aqtiurebi arian
demokratiuli sazogadoeba gacilebiT me-

demokratia ufro metia, vidre saarCev- tia,
t vidre demokratiulad arCeuli xelisu-
no kodeqsi. es aris qcevis kodeqsi, damok- fleba
f da erovnuli institutebis sistema.
idebuleba da pasuxismgeblobis gaTviTc- demokratiuli
d sazogadoebis ZiriTadi gam-
nobiereba. ovlinebebia
o Zlieri da damoukidebeli adgi-
teri devisi, Sesavali sityva, romelic lobrivi
l xelisufleba, ganviTarebuli da
man evropis sabWos mier 2006 wels orga- aqtiuri
a samoqalaqo sazogadoeba saxelm-
nizebul `demokratiis zafxulis univer- wifo
w da adgilobriv doneebze da demokra-
sitetSi~ warmoTqva. tiuli suli samuSao adgilebze da skolebSi.
t
demokratia praqtikuli procesia, romlis
d
swavlac yoveldRiurad da yvelgan aris
s
saWiro.
s
demokratia SeiZleba ufro efeqtiani iyos da ufro ukeT emsaxurebodes moqalaqeebis in-
teresebs, Tu adamianebi Camoayalibeben moTxovnebs, met zegavlenas moaxdenen da xelisuflebis
moqmedebas monitorings mudmivad gauweven. Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi arasamTavrobo orga-
nizaciebi da media moqalaqeTa kontrolis ZiriTad saSualebebs warmoadgenen. arasamTavrobo
organizaciebs SeuZliaT daicvan, aswavlon da yuradRebis mobilizacia moaxdinon sazogadoe-
bis umniSvnelovanes sakiTxebze da xelisuflebis an sxva mmarTvelobiTi organoebis qcevis
monitoringi awarmoon. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis saSualebiT moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT gaxd-
nen mamoZravebeli Zala da mTavari moqmedi pirebi ufro demokratiuli msoflios mSeneblobis
gzaze.
demokratiul sazogadoebebSi medias metad Zlieri funqcia akisria. mediis saSualebiT xor-
cieldeba axali ambebis gageba da sxvadasxva socialur sferoSi Cabmuli adamianebis azris war-
moCena. media moqalaqeebis saxeliT asrulebs e.w. `meTvalyuris~ rols. magram amgvari forma
arsebobs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi Tavisufali arian xe-
lisuflebis an korporatiuli interesebisgan da zegavlenisgan, Tu maT ician sazogadoebis sam-
saxuris fasi da sakuTar rols seriozulad udgebian.
demokratiis problemebi
dRes, ocdameerTe saukunis dasawyisSi, sayovelTao dafiqrebis sgania demokratiis mdgo-

mareoba. evropis bevr demokratiul sistemaSi farTod aris gavrcelebuli politikuri daukmay-
ofilebloba da skepticizmi. adamianebi xSirad fiqroben, rom politikuri elita mxedvelobaSi
ar iRebs adamianebis nebas. demokratiis zogierTi urTierTsawinaaRmdego movlena, rogoricaa
mkveTri socialuri uTanasworoba da korufcia, iwvevs imedgacruebas da brazs, romlebmac Sei-
Zleba populizmamde migviyvanos, rasac xels uwyoben masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi. mo-
qalaqeebs xSirad uZlurebis grZnoba euflebaT da survili aRara aqvT, ufro aqtiurad Caeban
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.
demokratiis mdgomareobaze amgvari dafiqreba xSirad ganpirobebulia arCevnebSi moqalaqee-
bis monawileobis doniT, romelic ukanaskneli TxuTmeti wlis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovnad
daeca evropaSi. aRniSnuli Semcireba, romelic miuTiTebs moqalaqeebis mxridan interesisa da
CarTulobis naklebobaze, Zirs uTxris demokratiul process.
arCevnebSi monawileobis gansakuTrebiT dabali done SeiniSneba axalgazrda amomrCevlebs
Soris, aseve didi sxvaobaa axalgazrda Taobasa da sxva asakobriv jgufebs Soris monawileobis
wilSi. Tumca amgvari sxvaoba aucileblad ar niSnavs imas, rom axalgazrdebi ufro aqtiurad ar
Caebmebian xmis micemis procesSi, roca asaki moematebaT, magram maTi interesebi ufro nakle-
bad aris warmodgenili arCevnebze. mTel msoflioSi axalgazrdebi sul ufro metad Sordebian
demokratiul institutebs da politikuri cxovrebis tradiciul struqturebs, rogoricaa
politikuri partiebi, profkavSirebi an oficialuri axalgazrduli organizaciebi.1
miuxedavad imisa, rom es udavod seriozuli problemebia, sxva kvlevebi2 cxadyofs, rom
monawileobis sxvadasxva forma izrdeba gavlenis mqone jgufebSi, kampaniebSi, specialur samo-
qalaqo iniciativebSi an sakonsultacio organoebSi. globaluri samoqalaqo sazogadoeba da in-
ternetis aqtiuri Cabma aRniSnul procesSi warmoadgens samoqalaqo monawileobis axal, moqnil
formebs, romlebic efuZneba teqnikuri progresis SesaZleblobebs. axalgazrdebs SeuZliaT
swrafi mobilizacia moaxdinon romelime konkretuli sakiTxis garSemo, rogorc, magaliTad,
gaerTianebul samefoSi erayis omTan an ukrainaSi narinjisfer revoluciasTan dakavSirebiT.
politikuri azris gamoxatva aseve SeiZleba xelovnebis an sportis meSveobiT, garemos dacvis
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebul problemebze xmis amaRlebiT, qalTa uflebebis dacviT an momxmare-
210
belTa boikotiT. monawileobis aRniSnuli formebi iseTive arsebiTia demokratiis efeqtiani
moqmedebisTvis, rogorc amomrCevelTa misvla arCevnebze. saboloo jamSi, arCevnebi sakmaod
arasrulyofili saSualebaa imisTvis, rom xalxis interesebi zedmiwevniT iyos warmodgenili.
arCevnebs Soris oTxi-xuTi weli sakmaod didi periodia saimisod, rom daelodo mTavrobisTvis
angariSis moTxovnas. demokratiaSi arsebiTi mniSvnelobis faqtoria yovedRiuri monawileo-
ba da es adgilobriv doneze iwyeba. saWiroa yoveldRiuri Zalisxmeva imisTvis, rom arCevnebSi
monawileoba gaumjobesdes, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebSi.
kiTxva: icnobT Tu ara romelime arasamTavrobo organizacias an moqalaqeTa iniciativas

Tqvens qveyanaSi, romelmac ukanasknel wlebSi warmatebas miaRwia sazogadoebis an xelisufleb-
is gadawyvetilebaze zemoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT?
evropis demokratiuli sazogadoebebis kidev erTi seriozuli susti mxarea umciresobaTa

warmomadgenloba, gasakuTrebiT maTi, vinc socialuri gariyvis msxverplia. Tomas hamarbergma,
adamianis uflebaTa evropulma komisarma, cotaodeni xnis winaT aRniSna, rom uufleboba yve-
laze didi problemaa im milionobiT adamianisTvis....
`.. romlebic devnilebi arian; romlebsac ar gaaCniaT imis saSualeba, rom miiRon iuridiuli
konsultacia; visac enis barieri aqvs, roca maT daxmareba sWirdebaT; vinc daCagrulia sakuTari
kulturuli jgufis mier an moqceulia cxovrebis or gansxvavebul wess Soris; vinc iatakqveSeT-
Sia da gamoCenis eSinia; vinc izolirebulia Sromisuunarobis gamo; im moxucebisTvis, romlebmac
yvelaferi dakarges da aRar SeuZliaT cxovrebis Tavidan dawyeba; maTTvis, vinc miekuTvneba um-
ciresobebs, romlebic qsenofobiis an homofobiis mimdevarTa samiznea~.3
iseT sazogadoebaSi, sadac mTavrobebs xmaTa umravlesobiT irCeven da saarCevno sistemebi

muSaoben principiT `gamarjvebuli yvelafers iRebs~, umciresobebisTvis gansakuTrebiT rTu-
lia miaRwion saTanado warmomadgenlobas. demokratiuli mmarTvelobis Zalze mniSvnelovani
faqtoria informirebulobis gaumjobeseba umciresobaTa Tanasworobisa da socialuri CarTu-
lobis misaRwevad.
ocdameerTe saukuneSi ramdenime ekonomikurma da socialurma movlenam moaxdina gavlena
demokratiis koncefciasa da praqtikul gamovlinebaze. evropuli integracia da global-
uri urTierTdamokidebuleba, teqnikuri progresi da masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis
mzardi gavlena SeiZleba dadebiT faqtorebad CaiTvalos demokratiis ganviTarebisTvis, ma-
gram aseve SeiZleba ziani miayenon tradiciul demokratiul struqturebs. swrafad cvalebad-
ma demografiulma tendenciebma da kulturebs Soris arsebulma migraciamac SeiZleba daar-
Rvios balansi sazogadoebaSi. aRniSnuli movlenebis gaTvaliswinebiT mniSvnelovania iseTi
SesaZleblobebis gamoyeneba da Seqmna, romlebic demokratias ufro metad ganaviTarebs da gaa-
Zlierebs.
kiTxva: Tqveni azriT, uzrunvelyofs Tu ara interneti axal meTodebs gadawyvetilebis mim-
Rebi pirebisTvis, raTa maT uSualo konsultaciebi miiRon xalxisgan adgilobrivi Tu saxelm-
wifo mniSvnelobis konkretul sakiTxebze?
ratom da rogor unda vaswavloT bavSvebs demokratia?
imisTvis, rom demokratiam ganagrZos ganviTareba, bavSvebs unda vaswavloT, rom maT demokra-
tia sakuTari cxovrebis wesad aqcion. demokratiis SenebisTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebi bavSvebSi
TavisTavad ar ganviTardeba. demokratiis swavleba niSnavs bavSvebis momzadebas imisTvis, rom
isini iseTi moqalaqeebi gaxdnen, romlebic SeinarCuneben da Camoayalibeben demokratias moma-
valSi. amitom demokratia rac SeiZleba adreul asakSi ganaTlebis yvela formaSi ZiriTadi as-
peqti unda gaxdes.
rogorc ganaTlebis sakiTxebSi avstralieli konsultanti laian singltoni amtkicebs,
ganaTlebis muSakebs unda swamdeT, rom demokratia SesaZlebelia da rom SeiZleba demokratiuli
cxovrebis wesiT cxovreba sazogadoebaSi da bavSvebis garemocvaSi. isini unda daexmaron bavS-
vebs imis gagebaSi, rom arcerTi demokratia da arcerTi ideologia ar aris idealuri da rom ar-
cerTi ideologia ar aris udavod WeSmariti. jansaRi demokratiis pirobebSi moqalaqeebi kiTx-
vebs svamen maTi liderebis motivebTan dakavSirebiT da monitorings uweven maT saqmianobas.
211
`demokratiis swavleba aris swavleba moculobiTi sazogadoebis Sesaxeb. aseTi sazogadoe-
ba aRiarebs yvela wevrs,... misi mdgomareobis an statusis miuxedavad... aRiarebs gansxvave-
bas Tavis wevrebs Soris da agrZnobinebs maT, rom isini sazogadoebis wevrebi arian...4
demokratiis swavleba gulisxmobs cnobismoyvareobis, diskusiis, kritikuli azrovnebisa da

konstruqciuli kriticizmis unaris ganviTarebas. bavSvebma unda iswavlon sakuTar qmedebaze
pasuxismgeblobis aReba. amgvari saswavlo Sedegebis miRweva SesaZlebelia mxolod moqmedebis
saSualebiT. imisTvis, rom bavSvebma gaaTviTcnobieron demokratiis ZiriTadi koncefciebi,
saukeTeso da erTaderTi saSualebaa demokratiul garemoSi cxovreba da moqmedeba. skolebi,
dawesebulebebi, bavSvTa klubebi da organizaciebi, aseve ojaxebi, sadac pativs scemen demokra-
tiul principebs da sadac WeSmariti demokratiuli struqturebia, yvelaze kargi modelebia im-
isTvis, rom bavSvebs daxmareba gauwion imis gagebaSi, Tu ras warmoadgens demokratia. demokra-
tiuli principebi unda gavrceldes skolis struqturebSi da programebSi da isini standartad
unda iqnes miRebuli saskolo urTierTobebSi. ganaTlebis muSakebma unda moaxdinon bavSvebis
mimarT pativiscemis demonstrireba. es unda gakeTdes gadawyvetilebis mimRebi sabavSvo orga-
noebis Camoyalibebis gziT da Tanatolebis Suamavlobis saSualebiT. bavSvebs unda miandon sak-
uTari RonisZiebebis mowyoba da miscen saSualeba, ganixilon sxvadasxva sakiTxi, ikamaTon, Camo-
ayalibon Sexedulebebi, CaerTon debatebSi, wamoWran strategiebi konfliqtebis mogvarebisa da
saTanado miznebis miRwevis xelSesawyobad. monawileobis amgvari formebi gansakuTrebul dax-
marebas uwevs bavSvebs imis gagebaSi, rom monawileoba sasargeblo mcdelobaa.
msoflioSi arsebobs mravali kargi magaliTi imisa, Tu rogor unda aigos warmatebu-
li demokratiuli struqturebi bavSvebis bunebriv garemocvaSi. evropis sabWos programam
`ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobisTvis~ gamosca saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi da Seagrova
skolaSi demokratiis Senebis da demokratiuli mmarTvelobis kargi magaliTebi. aq `mmarTvelo-
ba~ axdens sganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebisa da organizaciebis gaxsnilobis demonstrirebas,
monawileebi (maswavleblebi, bavSvebi, mSoblebi, mesakuTreebi) ganixilaven, molaparakebebs
awarmoeben saWirboroto sakiTxebze da procesis dasrulebis Semdeg iReben gadawyvetilebebs.
`demokratiuli~ miuTiTebs, rom mmarTveloba damyarebulia adamianis uflebaTa faseulobebze,
uflebamosilebaze da yvela monawilis _ bavSvebis, ufrosebis, mSoblebisa da dawesebulebaTa
TanamSromlebis _ CarTulobaze.
demokratia da adamianis uflebaTa dokumentebi
adamianis uflebebi da demokratia urTierTdakavSirebuli cnebebia. adamianis uflebebi ne-

bismieri demokratiuli sistemis safuZvelia da saxelmwifoebma unda daicvan es uflebebi da
uzrunvelyon maTi Sesruleba. meore mxriv, adamianis uflebebi saxelmwifoebisgan damoukide-
belni arian: isini ganuyofelni arian da yvela adamianze vrceldebian mxolod imitom, rom is
adamiania. magram mxolod demokratiul struqturebs SeuZliaT adamianis uflebaTa dacva. ada-
mianis uflebebi da demokratia mudmivad viTardebian.
212
----------------------------
sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Backman, Elisabeth and Trafford, Bernard, Democratic Governance of Schools,

Council of Europe, 2007.
* Boman, Julia, Challenges to Democracy in Today’s Europe, Synthesis of plenary sessions and
workshops, Council of Europe, 2006.
* Forbrig, Joerg, Revisiting youth political participation, Council of Europe Publishing, 2005:
www.youth-knowledge.net/system/galleries/download/research_reports/2005_revisiting_
youth_political_participation_coepub.pdf
* The Future of Democracy in Europe, Trends, analysis and reforms, Green Paper for the Council
of Europe, Council of Europe, 2004:
http://edc.unige.ch/download/Schmitter_Trechsel_Green_Paper.pdf
* Gollob, Rolf and Kampf, Peter, Exploring Children’s Rights, Nine projects for primary level, Council
of Europe, 2007.
* Kovacheva, Síyka, ‘Will Youth Rejuvenate the Patterns of Political Participation?’ Forbrig, Joerg (ed.),
in: Revisiting Youth Political Participation, Challenges for research and democratic practise in Europe,
Council of Europe Publishing, 2005.
* Revised European Charter on the Participation of Young People in Local and Regional Life, Adopted
by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of Europe 2003:
www.coe.int/t/e/cultural_cooperation/youth/TXT_charter_participation.pdf
* Singleton, Lianne, Discovering Democracy, Teaching democracy in the primary school:
www.abc.net.au/civics/democracy/pdf/td_primary.pdf
----------------------------
* demokratiuli resursebis aRmoCena:

www.civicsandcitizenship.edu.au/cce/default.asp?id=9180
* ganaTleba bavSvebisTvis arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT:
http://aceproject.org/electoral-advice/archive/questions/replies/493883939
* arCevnebi evropaSi: www.elections-in-europe.org
* arCevnebTan dakavSirebuli resursebi internetSi:
http://electionresources.org/other.html
* demokratiis saerTaSoriso instituti: www.civilsoc.org/elctrnic/ngo-devl/iid.htm
* axalgazrdebis xmebi: www.unicef.org/voy
----------------------------
1 Forbrig, Joerg, Revisiting Youth Political Participation, Challenges for research and democratic practise in
Europe, Council of Europe Publishing, 2005, p.134.
2 Kovacheva, Síyka, ‘Will Youth Rejuvenate the Patterns of Political Participation?’ in Forbrig, Joerg (ed.), in
Revisiting Youth Political Participation: Challenges for research and democratic practise in Europe: Strasbourg,
Council of Europe Publishing, 2005.
3 Thomas Hammarberg’s speech at the 1,000th session of the Committee of Ministers, Council of Europe,
2007.
4 Singleton, Lianne, Discovering Democracy, Teaching democracy in the primary school: www.abc.net.au/
civics/democracy/pdf/td_primary.pdf
213
3. diskriminacia
diskriminacia ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTad princips.
diskriminacia gulisxmobs adamianisTvis politikuri, samoqalaqo, ekonomikuri, socialuri

an kulturuli uflebebis da Tavisuflebebis CamorTmevas. diskriminacia ewinaaRmdegeba
adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTad princips: rom yvela adamiani Tanasworia Rirsebis TvalsazrisiT da
maTze vrceldeba erTi da igive fundamenturi uflebebi. aRniSnuli principi meordeba adamianis
uflebaTa yvela ZiriTad dokumentSi (magaliTad, adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis
me-2 muxlSi, bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-2 muxlSi, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis
me-14 muxlSi da me-12 oqmis pirvel muxlSi). debulebebi diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg qveynebis
umetesobis konstituciebSic Sedis.
miuxedavad imisa, rom adamianis uflebaTa samarTalSi ar arsebobs `diskriminaciis~ erTiani
ganmarteba, adamianis uflebaTa SeTanxmebebSi (magaliTad, adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao
deklaraciaSi, bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi, adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciaSi,
rasobrivi diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso konvenciaSi
Tu qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso konvenciaSi)
mocemuli `diskriminaciis~ ganmarteba Seicavs garkveul saerTo elementebs:
1. arsebobs diskriminaciis mizezi, romelic damyarebulia sxvadasxva faqtorze. magaliTad,
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, muxli 2, diskriminaciis mizezebad konkretulad miuTiTebs
bavSvis an misi mSoblis an kanonieri meurvis rasas, kanis fers, sqess, enas, religias,
politikur Tu sxva mrwamss, erovnul, eTnikur Tu socialur warmomavlobas, qonebriv
mdgomareobas, janmrTelobisa da dabadebis mdgomareobas, dabadebis an sxva statuss.
ukanaskneli punqti _ àn sxva statusi~ _ gulisxmobs diskriminaciis bevr sxva mizezs,
rogoricaa socialuri klasi, saqmianoba, seqsualuri orientacia an ena.
2. arsebobs qmedebebi, romlebic diskriminaciad kvalificirdeba. aseTi SeiZleba iyos
adamianis an adamianTa jgufis uaryofa, SezRudva an gariyva. aRniSnuli qmedebebi moicavs
rogorc adamianis uflebaTa yvelaze uxeS darRvevebs, rogoricaa genocidi, monoba,
eTnikuri wmenda an devna religiur niadagze, ise diskriminaciis SedarebiT msubuq,
magram ufro xSir formebs, rac dakavSirebulia, magaliTad, samuSaoze daqiravebasTan da
dawinaurebasTan, sacxovrebeli adgiliT uzrunvelyofasa da sityvier SeuracxyofasTan.
214
bavSvebs Soris diskriminaciis gamovlinebaa gariyva (magaliTad, bavSvisTvis uaris
Tqma TamaSSi monawileobaze), gansxvavebulobis gamo daSineba da dacinva (e.w. `fizikur/
fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebis~) da metsaxelebis Serqmeva (magaliTad, `qalaCuna~ `sqelo~,
`sulelo~). ixileT praqtikuli savarjiSo, `Zaladoba~, gv. 270.
3. diskriminacias mohyveba Sedegebi, romlebsac, Cveulebriv, SeuZliaT xeli SeuSalon
adamianebs maTi uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis gamoyenebaSi. diskriminacia
aseve mTlianobaSi axdens gavlenas sazogadoebaze, aZlierebs winaswar Seqmnil negatiur
ganwyobas da rasistul damokidebulebas.
diskriminacia xSirad damyarebulia uvicobaze, winaswar Seqmnil negatiur ganwyobasa da
negatiur stereotipebze. imis gamo, rom bevr adamians eSinia imis, rac ucnaurad eCveneba
an misTvis ucnobia, is eWvis TvaliT an sisastikiT epyroba nebismier adamians, romlis
garegnoba, kultura an qceva ar aris misTvis nacnobi.
diskriminaciad SeiZleba CaiTvalos imgvari damokidebulebebi, moqmedebebi an
instituciuri praqtika, romlebic adamians damokidebuls an izolirebuls xdis.
istoriuli fesvebi gansakuTrebiT rasizms aqvs gadgmuli, mas swams erTi jgufis
upiratesobisa meoreze. es rwmena odesRac `dabal safexurze mdgomi jgufebis~ mimarT
diskriminaciis gasamarTleblad gamoiyeneboda. Tumca amgvari rwmena amJamad uaryofilia,
rasobrivi diskriminacia jer kidev arsebobs. diskriminaciis sxva formebia seqsizmi,
eijizmi, homofobia, antisemitizmi da religiuri Seuwynarebloba da qsenofobia, romelic
ucxoelebis da ucxo qveynebis mimarT SiSs an siZulvils niSnavs.
diskriminaciis ukiduresi formaa segregacia _ kanonis an wes-Cveulebis safuZvelze
eTnikuri jgufebis gancalkeveba. evropaSi arsebobda segregaciis oficialuri formebi;
magaliTad, odesRac ebraelebi getoebSi iyvnen izolirebulni. amJamad evropis ramdenime
qveyanaSi bevr boSas mtruli mopyrobiT an ekonomikuri segregaciiT aiZuleben, calke
Temebad icxovron.
diskriminacia SeiZleba gamovlenili iyos sajarod – es aris pirdapiri diskriminacia,
romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia adamianis an adamianTa jgufis Segnebuli diskriminacia.
pirdapiri diskriminaciis magaliTebia, roca konkretuli eTnikuri jgufis bavSvs ar uSveben
skolaSi, an roca uZravi qonebis kompania ar aqiravebs binebs emigrantebze. arapirdapiri
diskriminacia orientirebulia im Sedegze, romelic mohyveba politikur kurss an zomas,
romelic SeiZleba neitraluri Candes, magram sinamdvileSi sistematurad ayenebs garkveuli
umciresobis adamianebs sxvebTan SedarebiT arasasurvel mdgomareobaSi. magaliTad,
saxanZro uwyeba, romelic awesebs aucilebel minimalur simaRles mexanZreebisTvis,
avtomaturad gamoricxavs bevri qalisa da emigrantebis mier ganacxadis Setanas; amasve
akeTebs universaluri maRazia, romelic ar iyvans samsaxurSi pirebs, romlebsac grZeli
qvedabolo acviaT an Tavze mosaxvevs atareben.
diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, gansakuTrebiT iseTi diskriminaciisa, romelic
arapirdapiri da Sefarulia, zogierTma qveyanam miiRo pozitiuri diskriminaciis zomebi.
aRniSnuli diskriminacia sakompensacio diskriminaciis saxeliTac aris cnobili. zog
situaciaSi pozitiuri diskriminacia niSnavs gamiznul keTilganwyobas konkretuli jgufis
an jgufebis mimarT, romlebic ganicdidnen istoriul da yovlismomcvel diskriminacias
(magaliTad, upiratesobis miniWebas kandidatebisTvis im jgufebidan, romlebic iSviaTad
Sedian umaRles saswavleblebSi, kvotebis daweseba konkretul saxelmwifo Tanamdebobebze
umciresobaTa jgufebisTvis, magaliTad qalebis an soflis mosaxleobisTvis. winaswar
ganzraxul Sedegs warmoadgens Sefaruli diskriminaciis kompensireba da ufro metad
dabalansebuli socialuri warmomadgenlobis uzrunvelyofa. sxva situaciebSi pozitiuri
diskriminacia niSnavs iseTi pirobebis Seqmnas problemebis mqone xalxisTvis (magaliTad,
fizikurad unarSezRudulTaTvis), rom maT sxvaTa msgavsi uflebebi da SesaZleblobebi
hqondeT. pozitiuri diskriminaciis kidev erTi forma cdilobs, `gamoasworos~ manamde
arsebuli usamarTloba. yvela aRniSnuli RonisZiebisa da praqtikis mizania, xeli Seuwyon
Tanasworobas ùTanasworobis saSualebiT~.1
yovelTvis, roca vansxvavebT adamianebs da sxvadasxva pirebsa da jgufebs sxvadasxva
uflebebsa da valdebulebebs vaniWebT, Cven unda davsvaTkiTxva, ratom vakeTebT amas. es
marTla saWiroa? yvelasTvis sasargebloa? Tu ara, pozitiuri diskriminacia SeiZleba
Tavad gaxdes winaswar Seqmnili negatiuri ganwyobisa da diskriminaciis gamoxatuleba.
diskriminacia rasobrivi niSniT

rasizmi SeiZleba ganimartos rogorc gamiznuli an gaumiznavi rwmena erTi rasis upiratesobaSi
meoreze. amgvari gansazRvreba winaswar iTvaliswinebs sxvadasxva biologiuri `rasebis~
215
arsebobas. es aris hipoTeza, romelic gaqarwylebulia ukanasknel kvlevebSi, gansakuTrebiT
adamianis genomis proeqtiT. Tumca, miuxedavad imisa, rom `rasa~ aSkarad gamoxatuli socialuri
koncefciaa, rasizmi mainc prevalirebs mTel msoflioSi. imis miuxedavad, rom dRes cotaa iseTi
xalxi, visac `maRali `rasis~ sjera, romelsac aqvs Tandayolili ufleba, gamoiyenos Zalaufleba
ùfro dabal safexurze~ mdgomi adamianebis mimarT, bevri adamiani mainc mimarTavs kulturul
rasizms anu eTnocentrizms. maT swamT, rom zogierTi kultura, Cveulebriv, maTi sakuTari,
yvelaze ukeTesia an rom sxva kulturebi, tradiciebi, wes-Cveulebebi da istoriebi axlos ver
mivlen maT kulturasTan.
nebismieri saxis rasizmi dakavSirebulia ZalauflebasTan, roca Zlauflebis mqone
adamianebi gansazRvraven, ra aris `saukeTeso~ da axdenen naklebi Zalauflebis mqone adamianebis
diskriminacias. amgvarad rasizmi winaswar Seqmnili negatiuri ganwyobis praqtikul gamovlinebad
SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
kiTxva: risi gakeTeba SegiZliaT imisTvis, rom daexmaroT bavSvebs, romlebTanac muSaobT,
imaSi, rom iswavlon da Seafason sakuTari sazogadoebis rasebis da eTnikuri umciresobebis
mravalferovneba?
rasizmis Sedegebi, dResac da warsulSic, damRupvelia rogorc calkeuli adamianebisTvis,

aseve mTeli sazogadoebisTvis. rasizmma migviyvana masobriv ganadgurebamde, genocidamde da
Seviwroebamde. aman gamoiwvia umravlesobis damorCileba simdidris da Zalauflebis mqone
patara umciresobebis axirebebze.
diskriminacia eTnikuri da kulturuli kuTvnilebis mixedviT
iseve, rogorc kulturuli rasizmis SemTxvevaSi, romlis Tanaxmad konkretuli kulturebi

sxvebze maRla dgas, eTnikuri da kulturuli kuTvnilebis mixedviT diskriminacia zogierT
kulturas, Cveulebriv, umciresobaTa kulturebs, imTaviTve meorexarisxovnad da arasasurvelad
miiCnevs. istoriulad diskriminaciis amgvari formisgan yvelaze metad evropeli ebraelebi da
boSebi zaraldebodnen.
antisemitizmi, anu ebraelebis, rogorc religiuri an eTnikuri umciresobis, mimarT mtruli
damokidebuleba, saTaves Sua saukuneebidan iRebs, roca ebraelebi qristianul evropaSi
mcxovreb erTaderT araqristianul umciresobas warmoadgendnen. rogorc wesi, maTTvis
akrZaluli iyo zogierTi komerciuli saqmianoba da profesiebi, maT aiZulebdnen, getoebSi
ecxovraT, qristianebisgan gancalkevebiT, ajarimebdnen didi gadasaxadebiT, arTmevdnen
qonebas da qveynidanac ki aZevebdnen an klavdnen. ebraelebi saukuneebis manZilze ibrZodnen
usamarTlobisa da qristianul sazogadoebaTa uaryofiTi damokidebulebis winaaRmdeg.
meoce saukunis Sua wlebSi faSizmis ayvavebam, Tavisi ideologiiT rasobrivi upiratesobis
Sesaxeb, gaamZafra antisemitizmi evropaSi da saboloo jamSi holokostiT _ meore msoflio
omis dros eqvs milionze meti ebraelis ganadgurebiT _ dasrulda. ocdameerTe saukuneSi
antisemitizmi jer kidev arsebobs. jgufebi, romlebic sakuTari upiratesobis damtkicebas
cdiloben, bilwaven ebraelTa sasaflaoebs, xolo neonacisturi qselebi Riad ewevian
antisemitur propagandas.
kiTxva: ra bedi ewia ebrael xalxs Tqvens qveyanaSi meore msoflio omis dros?
boSebi, romlebsac arasworad `cignebs~ uwodeben, evropaSi saukuneebis manZilze cxovroben.

sakuTari samSoblos gareSe boSebma SeinarCunes mSobliuri ena da kultura maSin, roca isini
moxetiale cxovrebas eweodnen da dakavebuli iyvnen meTunuqeobiT, xelosnobiT, musikiTa
da vaWrobiT. boSebi mTeli Tavisi arsebobis manZilze ganicdian diskriminacias, iZulebiTi
asimilaciis da aSkara monobis CaTvliT. meoce saukunis ganmavlobaSi boSebi germaneli
nacistebis xelSi ganicdidnen genocids, aRmosavleT evropaSi komunisturi reJimebis dros _
iZulebiT socializacias, xolo maRalganviTarebuli kapitalisturi ekonomikebis qveynebSi _
ekonomikur gariyvas, vinaidan maT ara aqvT saWiro unar-Cvevebi. amJamad boSaTa bavSvebi mtrul
socialur garemoSi izrdebian, sadac maT uars eubnebian iseT ZiriTad uflebebze, rogoricaa
ganaTleba, jandacva da sacxovrebeli pirobebi.
kiTxva: arian Tu ara boSebi Tqvens sazogadoebaSi? maTi bavSvebi dadian skolaSi? ra
damokidebuleba aqvT sxva bavSvebs boSa bavSvebis mimarT?
216
qsenofobiaze damyarebuli diskriminacia
mzard globalizacias da mravalferovan sazogadoebaTa warmoqmnas zogierTi adamianebi

qsenofobiiT pasuxoben, rac ucxoelebis an ucxo qveynebis mimarT SiSs da zizRs niSnavs. umetes
SemTxvevaSi, cneba ùcxoeli~ damyarebulia socialurad Seqmnil saxeebze da ideebze, romlebic
msoflios yofen `Cvenebad~, normalurebad, `CemsaviT kargebad~, da `sxvebad~ _ romlebic
gansxvavebulebi arian. es aris seriozuli saSiSroeba, ngreva faseulobebisa da saTanado qcevis
degradacia.
kiTxva: SegiZliaT gaixsenoT qsenofobiis magaliTebi Tqvens qveyanaSi? ra gavlenas axdens

qsenofobia bavSvebze?
imis miuxedavad, rom adamianebis umetesi nawili qsenofobias miuReblad Tvlis da adamianis
uflebaTa kulturis sapirispirod miaCnia, is Cveulebrivi movlenaa. qsenofobiaze damyarebuli
diskriminaciuli qmedebebi, rogoricaa sityvieri Seuracxyofa da Zaladobis faqtebi, adamianis
uflebaTa aSkarad gamoxatuli darRvevebia.
diskriminacia genderuli niSniT
Tumca evropaSi genderuli diskriminacia msubuqi formiT vlindeba da met-naklebad Sefarulia,

is mainc gavrcelebulia. bevri sazogadoebrivi instituti, rogoricaa masobrivi informaciis
saSualebebi, ojaxi, sabavSvo baRebi an skolebi, inarCunebs da avrcelebs qalisa da mamakacis
stereotipebs. tradiciuli genderuli Taviseburebebi dasavleTis qveynebis sazogadoebebSi
xSirad dakavSirebulia ZalasTan: mamakacebs da maT tipiur saqmianobebs Semdegnairad axasiaTeben:
komunikabeluri, Zlieri, produqtiuli, mamaci, mniSvnelovani, sazogadoebaze orientirebuli,
gavleniani da maRali finansuri anazRaurebiT, sazogadoebaSi miRebuli da dafasebuli.
qalebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi asaxavs ususurobas: damokidebuli, mzrunveli, pasiuri
da ojaxze orientirebuli. qalebs xSirad ukaviaT meorexarisxovani pozicia, maTi samuSao
naklebadmniSvnelovania da isini nakleb aRiarebas da anazRaurebas Rebuloben. gogonebi da
biWebi, romlebic ar Seesabamebian stereotipul molodins, SeiZleba kritikis, ostrakizmisa
da Zaladobis sagnad iqcnen. amgvarma konfliqtebma SeiZleba uwesrigoba Seitanos bavSvTa
genderuli individualobis ganviTarebaSi. ixileT, agreTve, Temis _ `genderuli Tanasworoba~
_ ganxilva, gv. 235.
diskriminacia religiur niadagze
religiis Tavisuflebas oficialurad pativs scemen evropaSi, Tumca religiur niadagze

damyarebuli diskriminacia mainc farTod aris gavrcelebuli da xSirad mWidrod aris
dakavSirebuli rasizmTan da qsenofobiasTan. maSin, roca warsulSi evropaSi sxvadasxva
konfliqti mZvinvarebda da arsebobda diskriminacia protestant da kaTolike qristianebs,
romaul da aRmosavleT orTodoqsul kaTolikebs da òficialur~ eklesiebsa da
konformistul seqtebs Soris, amJamad aRniSnuli gansxvavebebi qristianul religiebs Soris
naklebadmniSvnelovani gaxda. amavdroulad, umciresobaSi myofi bevri religiuri Temi _ maT
Soris ebrauli, induisturi, budisturi, bahaistebis, musulmanuri _ kvalavac kargad cxovrobs
evropaSi. aRniSnuli mzardi religiuri mravalferovneba xSirad ignorirebulia, iseve, rogorc
milionobiT evropeli adamiani, romelic ar aris religiuri an ar aris qristiani.
kiTxva: romeli religiuri umciresoebebi arseboben Tqvens sazogadoebaSi? sad ikribebian

isini da loculoben?
gansakuTrebuli zrunvis sgania islamofobiis aRmavloba, diskriminacia, SiSi da siZulvili

islamisa, romelic, qristianobis Semdeg, yvelaze farTod aris gavrcelebuli evropaSi da
umravlesobis religiaa balkaneTisa da kavkasiis zogierT qveyanasa da regionSi. islamis mimarT
mtrulma damokidebulebam, romelic gamoiwvia bolo wlebSi SeerTebul StatebSi, espaneTsa
da inglisSi ganxorcielebulma teroristulma Tavdasxmebma, gamoamJRavna Rrmad gadgmuli
winaswar Camoyalibebuli negatiuri ganwyoba evropis umetes sazogadoebebSi. aRniSnuli
damokidebulebis yvelaze Cveulebrivi sajaro gamoxatulebaa islamis, rogorc religiis,
oficialurad aRiarebis nakleboba, is, rom krZalaven meCeTebis mSeneblobas, mxars ar uWeren
musulmanur religiur jgufebs an kavSirebs da SezRudvebs aweseben im qalebisa da gogonebisTvis,
romlebic TavsaburavebiT dadian.
217
erT-erTi yvelaze tipiuri winaswarCamoyalibebuli negatiuri ganwyoba islamis mimarT
emyareba mis e.w. `SeuTavseblobas adamianis uflebebTan~. mtkicebulebad mohyavT demokratiis
ararseboba da adamianis uflebebis farTod gavrcelebuli darRvevebi bevr musulmanur
qveyanaSi, Tumca ver aTviTcnobiereben, rom religia mxolod erTia im mravali faqtoridan,
romlebic arademokratiul xelisuflebas qmnis.
winaswari ganwyoba islamis mimarT uvicobiTac aris gamowveuli. bevri adamiani islams mxolod
terorizms, eqstremizms da zogierTi qveynis politikas ukavSirebs. sinamdvileSi ki islami, sxva
religiebis msgavsad, Semwynareblobas, solidarobas da moyvasis siyvaruls qadagebs.
diskriminacia seqsualuri orientaciis gamo
homofobia aris antipaTia an siZulvili homoseqsualebis an lesboselebis, maTi cxovrebis wesis,

kulturis, anda saerTod im xalxis mimarT, romlebsac gansxvavebuli seqsualuri orientacia aqvT,
maT Soris biseqsualebisa da transseqsualebis mimarT. miuxedavad imisa, rom evropaSi momxdarma
samarTlebrivma reformebma gaaZliera homoseqsualebisa da lesboselebis uflebebi, pirobebi
mainc mkveTrad gansxvavebulia qalaqebSi, sadac homoseqsualebi Riad cxovroben da muSaoben, sadac
SedarebiT advilad qmnian samoqalaqo kavSirebs, da soflebSi, aseve aRmosavleT da centraluri
evropis nawilebSi, sadac homoseqsualebi awydebian diskriminaciul kanonebs, Seuracxyofas da
Zaladobas rogorc sazogadoebis, ise xelisuflebis mxridan. jer kidev bevri adamiani miiCnevs
homoseqsualizms avadmyofobad, fsiqologiur aSlilobad an moralur codvad. sxvebi Segnebulad
Tu Seugneblad iyeneben heteroseqsualur normebs homoseqsualebis da lesboselebis mimarT,
adanaSauleben maT imaSi, rom isini `normaluri adamianebis~ msgavsad ar iqcevian.
kiTxva: xom ar gamoTqvamen bavSvebi, romlebTanac muSaobT, upativcemlobas homoseqsualebis

mimarT, roca maT arc esmiT am sityvis mniSvneloba? risi gakeTeba SegiZliaT amis winaaRmdeg?
diskriminacia unarSezRudulobis mizeziT
termini `SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamiani~ SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos bevr

sxvadasxva pirobebSi: unarSezRuduloba SeiZleba iyos fizikuri, inteleqtualuri, sensoruli
an fsiqosocialuri, droebiTi an mudmivi, SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos avadmyofobiT, travmiT
an genetikurad. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebs iseTive uflebebi aqvT, rogorc
sxva adamianebs. Tumca mTeli rigi mizezebis gamo, sxva adamianebis msgavsad, isini xSirad
awydebian socialur, samarTlebriv da praqtikul barierebs sakuTari uflebebis Tanasworobis
moTxovnisas. aRniSnuli mizezebi, Cveulebriv, momdinareobs unarSezRudulobis araswori
aRqmidan da mis mimarT negatiuri damokidebulebidan.
bevr adamians aqvs araswori Sexeduleba, rom SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebi ar
SeiZleba iyvnen sazogadoebis produqtiuli wevrebi. negatiur damokidebulebebs Soris mTavari
is aris, rom SezRuduli unaris mqone adamianebi an `gatexilebi~ da àvadmyofebi~ arian da maT
mkurnaloba sWirdebaT, an rom isini ususurebi arian da zrunvas saWiroeben.
sapirispirod, arsebobs pozitiuri damokidebuleba unarSezRudulobis mimarT, roca mas
adamianuri mravalferovnebis bunebriv nawilad aRiqvamen, romelsac gonivruli misadageba
esaWiroeba. es SeiZleba iyos nebismier zoma, romelic miznad isaxavs, uzrunvelyos unarSezRuduli
adamianisTvis srulfasovani monawileobisa da xelmisawvdomobis SesaZlebloba da misces mas
saSualeba da ufleba, sakuTari saxeliT imoqmedos (es SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad, specialuri
savarZeli an meti drois daTmoba raime davalebis Sesasruleblad). aRniSnuli pozitiuri
midgoma gulisxmobs, rom sazogadoebas akisria pasuxismgebloba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis
mqone adamianebis xelSewyobaze (gonivruli misadagebiT uzrunvelyofaze).
invalidobis socialuri modeli: unda aRmoifxvras socialuri da fizikuri garemos mier
Seqmnili dabrkolebebi, romlebic aferxeben SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis
monawileobas sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi da maTi uflebebis dacvas. es moicavs pozitiuri
damokidebulebis xelSewyobas da fizikuri dabrkolebebis modificirebas (magaliTad, SenobebSi
specialuri pandusebis mowyobas specialur savarZelSi mjdomi adamianebisTvis).
unarSezRudulobis socialuri modelis gaTvaliswinebiT, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis
mqone bavSvebs dRes miiCneven bavSvebad, romlebsac `specialuri saWiroebebi~ aqvT.
socialuri dawesebulebebi valdebulni arian, gaiTvaliswinon es saWiroebebi da moergon maT.
unarSezRuduli bavSvebis didi nawili amJamad regularulad dadis skolaSi.
termini `bavSvebi specialuri saswavlo saWiroebebiT~ aseve exeba im bavSvebs, romlebsac
skolaSi problemebi aqvT im mizezebis gamo, romlebic maT yovelmxriv ganviTarebas da progress
aferxebs. saWiroa, rom skolebma cvlilebebi Seitanon sakuTar programebSi, saswavlo procesSi
218
da organizebaSi da/an uzrunvelyon damatebiTi mxardaWera moswavleebisTvis, raTa daexmaron
maT sakuTari potencialis miRwevaSi. aRniSnuli RonisZiebebi inkluziuri ganaTlebisken
gadadgmuli nabijia.2
kiTxva: rogor iReben ganaTlebas SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebi Tqvens

qveyanaSi? ra zomebs iReben specialuri saswavlo saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebisTvis?
2006 wlis dekemberSi gaero-s generalurma asambleam miiRo pirveli saerTaSoriso SeTanxmeba
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianTa uflebebTan dakavSirebiT. es iyo konvencia
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. evrokavSirma mas xeli 2007
wlis martSi moawera da uwoda àxali aTaswleulis adamianis uflebebis pirveli sayovelTao
konvencia~:
konvencia unarSezRudulobas adamianuri mravalferovnebis elementad gansazRvravs da
saTanadod afasebs SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis wvlils sazogadoebaSi.
is krZalavs dabrkolebebs, romlebic xels uSlis monawileobas, da xels uwyobs SezRuduli
SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianTa CarTulobas sazogadoebaSi. aRniSnuli konvenciis
grZelvadiani mizania, Secvalos sazogadoebis damokidebuleba unarSezRuduli adamianebis
mimarT da amgvarad mTlianobaSi Secvalos sazogadoeba.3
ganaTleba diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg
ganaTlebis sferos muSakebi aRiareben saWiroebas, yvela bavSvSi ganaviTaron Semwynarebloba,

diskriminaciis gamomricxavi damokidebuleba da Seqmnan iseTi saswavlo garemo, romelic aRiarebs
da, ignorirebisa da akrZalvis nacvlad, sargeblobas iRebs mravalferovnebidan. maT, vinc
bavSvebTan muSaobs, da Tavad bavSvebmac, unda gaacnobieron sakuTari da sxvaTa diskriminaciuli
qceva. praqtikuli savarjiSoebi, romlebic bavSvebs aZlevs rolebis gaTamaSebis da TanagrZnobis
gamoxatvis saSualebas, exmareba bavSvebs codnis miRebaSi da TanagrZnobis ganviTarebaSi, aseve
uviTarebs fizikur da sulier mdgradobas bavSvebs, romlebic diskriminacias ganicdian, da
ubrunebs maT sakuTar TavSi rwmenas.
diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli evropuli programebi
evropis sabWom Camoayaliba evropaSi diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli sxvadasxva organo

da programa. rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis sawinaaRmdego evropuli komisia, romelic 1993 wels
Camoyalibda, regularulad aqveynebs kvlevebs evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoebSi rasizmisa
da Seuwynareblobis movlenis Sesaxeb. evropis sabWo awyobs mrgval magidebs samoqalaqo
sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebTan erTad da amzadebs zogad politikur rekomendaciebs,
romlebic mTavrobebisTvis aris gankuTvnili.
evrokavSiris damoukidebeli organo _ ZiriTad uflebaTa saagento _ 2007 wels Camoyalibda da is
eqspertTa gamocdilebas sTavazobs wevr saxelmwifoebs, romlebic iReben kanonebs ZiriTadi uflebebis
sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. garda amisa, is cdilobs, gazardos sazogadoebis informirebuloba
adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT da iTanamSromlos samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan.
ramdenime evropulma qveyanam Camoayaliba erTgvari saxis erovnuli Tanasworobis organo,
romelic diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli da xels uwyobs Tanasworobas da
Semwynareblobas.
kiTxva: arsebobs Tu ara Tqvens qveyanaSi romelime saxelmwifo organo, romlis misias
diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg brZola warmoadgens?
evropis sabWo aseve muSaobs informirebulobis gazrdaze sxvadasxva programis saSualebiT.

2006-2007 wlebSi ganxorcielebuli evropis axalgazrduli kampania `yvela gansxvavebuli,
yvela Tanasworia~ yuradRebas amaxvilebda sam gansxvavebul faseulobaze: mravalferovnebaze
(sxvadasxva kulturisa da tradiciis simdidris demonstrirebaze), adamianis uflebebze da
monawileobaze (iseTi evropis aSenebaSi monawileobis miRebis saSualebis uzrunvelyofa, sadac
yvelas aqvs ufleba, iyos TviTmyofadi _ gansxvavebuli da Tanaswori). evropis sabWos kidev
erTi kampania, romelic boSebis diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli, aris `dosta~. boSur
enaze es sityva niSnavs `sakmarisia~. informirebulobis gazrdis aRniSnuli kampania mimarTulia
araboSuri mosaxleobis daaxloebaze boSa moqalaqeebTan.
yvelafris miuxedavad, brZola diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg isev mimdinareobs da evropis sabWo
energiulad ganagrZobs am sakiTxze muSaobas.
219
--------------------------------
sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Bellamy, Carol, La Situation des Enfants dans le Monde: UNICEF, 2004: www.unicef.org/french/sowc04/files/
SOWC_04_FR.pdf
* Children’s Etiquette or How to Be Friends with Everybody: Croatian Union of Physically Disabled Persons
Associations (CUPDPA), Zagreb, 2002.
* The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action on Special Needs Education: UNESCO, Salamanca, 1994:
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0009/000984/098427eo.pdf
* Tous les Enfants du Monde ont le Droit : Editions Fleurus Presse/ UNICEF France, 2007.
* Titley, Gavan, Youth work with Boys and Young Men as a means to prevent violence in everyday life, Council
of Europe, 2003.
--------------------------------

* `yvela gansxvavebulia, yvela Tanasworia~: http://alldifferent-allequal.info
* gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisi: www.ohchr.org/english/
* iunisefi: www.unicef.fr
* Bibliothèque Numérique pour le Handicap : http://bnh.numilog.com
* evrokavSiris gancxadeba – gaero: konvencia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa
uflebebis Sesaxeb, 2007: www.europa-eu-un.org/articles/fr/article_6914_fr.htm
* ganaTlebis saerTaSoriso standartebis klasifikacia (ISCED): iunesko, 1997:
www.unesco.org/education/information/nfsunesco/doc/isced_1997.htm
--------------------------------
1 See Droits Partagés, des droits de l’homme aux droits de l’enfants: www.droitspartages.org
2 See International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED):
www.unesco.org/education/information/nfsunesco/doc/isced_1997.htm
3 See EU Statement – United Nations: Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities:
www.europa-eu-un.org/articles/fr/article_6914_fr.htm
220
4. swavla da Tavisufali dro
demokratiis swavlebis erTaderTi gza demokratiuli ganaTlebaa. Tu kavSiri damyarda,
SeiZleba Seikras qmediTi wre, romelic ufro metad Seuwyobs xels da ufro farTo gzas
gauxsnis ganaTlebas da, Sesabamisad, adamianis uflebebis ufro did pativiscemas.
mo de boer-bukikio,
evropis sabWos generaluri mdivnis moadgile
ganaTleba TavisTavad adamianis ZiriTadi uflebaa. mas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs adamianis
ganviTarebisTvis da, garda amisa, is sxva uflebaTa mosapovebeli iaraRic aris. adamianis
uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis 26-e muxlSi aRniSnulia, rom yvelas aqvs ufleba, miiRos
ganaTleba da rom ganaTleba unda iyos ufaso dawyebiT etapze mainc, romelic savaldebuloa.
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis oqmi 1, me-2 muxli, uzrunvelyofs ganaTlebis uflebas
yvelasTvis. saSualo skolebi, profesiuli momzadeba da umaRlesi ganaTleba rac SeiZleba
farTod xelmisawvdomi unda gaxdes, rac amgvarad ar aris jerjerobiT dRevandel evropaSi.
Tumca mxolod ufaso dawyebiTi ganaTleba ukve aRar aris sakmarisi imisTvis, rom
garantirebuli iyos ganaTlebis ufleba. unda dakmayofildes kidev sami moTxovna:
1. Tanabari SesaZleblobebi: am saqmeSi warmatebis misaRwevad saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos
ara mxolod ganaTlebis Tanabari xelmisawvdomoba, aramed Tanabari SesaZleblobebic.
es niSnavs, rom zogierT bavSvs SeiZleba dasWirdes damatebiTi daxmareba da specialuri
pirobebi. magaliTad, smenadaqveiTebul bavSvebs ufleba aqvT, hqondeT saWiro saSualebebi,
romlebic maT swavlaSi daexmareba. amgvari saSualebebia: Jestebis ena, sasmeni aparatebi
da, roca saWiroa, mTargmneli. msgavsi saSualebebi unda iyos yvela bavSvisTvis, romlebsac
specialuri saWiroebebi aqvT, imgvarad, rom maT SeZlon imave skolebSi siaruli, sadac
sxva bavSvebi dadian, da maTi Tanabari SesaZleblobebiT sargebloba. magaliTad, zogierT
bavSvs, magaliTad, moxetiale jgufebis bavSvebs zogierT evropul qveynebSi, SeiZleba
warTmeuli hqondes ganaTlebis ufleba, Tu ar iqneba specialuri skolebi, romlebic
moergeba maTi mSoblebis moxetiale cxovrebis wess.
Tanasworoba SesaZleblobebSi ganaTlebaSi warmatebis misaRwevad moiTxovs yuradRebas
221
sxva aspeqtebis mimarTac, rogoric aris, magaliTad, bavSvis mSobliuri ena, Sin muSaobis
pirobebi, wignebis xelmisawvdomoba an nebismieri siZnele swavlaSi. mSobliur enaze swavla
ara mxolod skolaSi warmatebis sawindaria, aramed is kulturul uflebasac warmoadgens.
swavlaSi siZneleebis gadawyvetis gzaa kargad momzadebuli maswavleblebi, romlebic
SeZleben swavlebis stilis misadagebas, aseve arasaswavlo personali, magaliTad,
socialuri muSakebi an fsiqologebi. Tanabari SesaZleblobebi ganaTlebaSi mniSnelovan
rols TamaSobs siRaribis daZlevaSi.
2. xarisxiani ganaTleba: saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos xarisxiani ganaTlebis Tanabari
xelmisawvdomoba. Zalian xSirad arsebobs sistema ganaTlebis orgvari modeliT.
erTia ganaTleba elitisTvis profesionali maswavleblebiT da maRali xarisxis
infrastruqturiT, xolo meore – RaribebisTvis, saWiro teqnikuri da adamianis
resursebis gareSe. garantirebuli unda iyos sabaziso ganaTleba, romelic garkveul
asakamde sayovelTao iqneba da SesZens bavSvebs momavlisTvis aucilebel codnasa da unar-
Cvevebs. Tumca xarisxiani ganaTleba ar gulisxmobs skolis sistemaSi mxolod materialuri
resursebis Cadebas an skolis efeqtianobis gaumjobesebas. iuneskos1 ganmartebiT,
xarisxiani ganaTleba damyarebuli unda iyos midgomaze, romelic adamianis uflebebs
iTvaliswinebs, da mimarTuli unda iyos iseTi axali sferoebis Seswavlisken, rogoric aris
kulturuli mravalferovneba, mravalenovneba ganaTlebaSi, mSvidoba da araZaladobrivi
cxovreba, mdgradi ganviTareba da cxovrebiseuli unar-Cvevebi.
3. ganaTleba adamianis pirovnebis sruli ganviTarebisTvis: ganaTleba, romelic yvela
adamianis uflebaa, ar aris mxolod wera-kiTxvisa da ariTmetikis safuZvlebis daufleba.
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia araorazrovnad ganmartavs, rom ganaTleba
mimarTuli unda iyos adamianis srulyofili ganviTarebisken, adamianis uflebaTa
pativiscemisken da msoflios yvela xalxs Soris mSvidobisken. bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia
ufro detalurad ganmartavs ganaTlebas, romelic yvela bavSvma unda miiRos:
`bavSvis ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos ... Tavisufal sazogadoebaSi urTierTgagebis,

mSvidobis, Semwynareblobis, qalisa da mamakacis, yvela xalxis, eTnikuri, erovnuli
da religiuri jgufebis, maT Soris, mkvidri mosaxleobis warmomadgenelTa mimarT
Tanasworobisa da megobrobis suliskveTebiT bavSvis Segnebuli cxovrebisTvis
momzadebisken~.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, muxli 29
amitom ganaTlebis ufleba aseve gulisxmobs adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis miRebis
uflebas. ganaTlebisadmi amgvari midgomis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia rogorc oficialuri,
ise araoficialuri ganaTlebiT, romelic gulisxmobs sganmanaTleblo programebs saskolo
ganaTlebis oficialuri sistemis gareT da xSirad uzrunvelyofilia arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis mier. aRniSnuli ori forma erTmaneTs avsebs.
zogierT bavSvs SeiZleba ucnaurad moeCvenos, rom ganaTleba ara mxolod uflebaa, aramed
is savaldebuloc aris. isini gaigeben am moTxovnas, Tu Seityoben iseTi bavSvebis Sesaxeb,
romlebisTvisac skola miuwvdomelia, da gaiazreben, Tu ra gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos amgvari
uflebis uqonlobam maT axlandel da momaval cxovrebaze.
am sakiTxTan aris dakavSirebuli bavSvTa Sromis sakiTxi. maSin, roca ufrosebs miniWebuli
aqvT `muSaobis ufleba~, bavSvebi daculi arian gadaWarbebuli an saxifaTo samuSaosgan. skolaSi
siaruli bavSvis mTavar `samuSaod~ iTvleba. Tumca zogierTma bavSvma unda imuSaos, raTa ojaxs
daexmaros, da yvela bavSvs SeuZlia da unda daexmaros sakuTar ojaxs. bevri bavSvi zafxulSi
muSaobs jibis fulis saSovnelad, es SeiZleba didi saswavlo funqciis mqone mniSvnelovani
cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba iyos. Tumca bavSvebma isic unda icodnen, rom kanonebi icavs
maT Seuracxyofisgan da iseTi saqmianobisgan, romelic saxifaTo an zianis momtania maTi
janmrTelobisTvis. bavSvis samuSaom xeli ar unda SeuSalos ganaTlebis, dasvenebis an TamaSis
uflebas (bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, muxlebi 32 da 36). bavSvebma SeiZleba Seityon warsulSi
bavSvis Sromis eqspluataciis Sesaxeb moTxrobebis an filmebis saSualebiT. ufrosi asakis
bavSvebs unda mivawodoT informacia bavSvis Sromis Tanamedrove formebis Sesaxeb, maT unda
gaigon gansxvaveba axalgazrdebisTvis misaReb samuSaosa da eqspluatacias Soris.
222
ocdameerTe saukuneSi ganaTlebis winaSe mdgomi gamowvevebi da
sganmanaTleblo politikis axali mimarTuleba
1996 wels ìuneskos~ komisiam Camoayaliba msoflioSi arsebuli ZiriTadi problemebi,

romlebic ganaTlebaze axdens zegavlenas:2
1. winaaRmdegoba globalursa da adgilobrivs Soris

2. winaaRmdegoba sayovelTaosa da individualurs Soris
3. winaaRmdegoba tradiciasa da Tanamedroveobas Soris
4. winaaRmdegoba suliersa da materialurs Soris
5. winaaRmdegoba grZelvadian da moklevadian perspeqtivebs Soris
6. winaaRmdegoba konkurenciasa da Tanabar SesaZleblobebs Soris
7. winaaRmdegoba codnis gansakuTrebul gavrcelebasa da adamianebis mier
misi asimilirebis unars Soris
aRniSnuli problemebis gadasaWrelad ìuneskom~ swavlis òTxi ZiriTadi principi~ gamoyo:
1. sxva adamianebTan erTad cxovrebis swavla: niSnavs, rom ganaTlebam unda gaaZlieros
moswavleebSi unar-Cvevebi da SesaZleblobebi, romlebic saWiroa imisTvis, rom miiRon sxva
adamianebTan Tavisi urTierTdamokidebuleba. es aris konfliqtebis mogvareba; sxvebTan
erTad muSaoba da saerTo amocanebisa da momavlis dagegmva; pluralizmisa da gansxvavebebis
(magaliTad, sqesis, eTnikuri, religiuri da kulturuli niSniT) pativiscema; aqtiuri
monawileoba sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.
2. swavla codnis misaRebad: gulisxmobs, rom ganaTleba unda daexmaros moswavleebs, miiRon
codna: komunikaciisa da zepiri gamoxatvisTvis saWiro ZiriTadi unar-Cvevebi, wera-
kiTxva, ariTmetika da problemebis gadaWra: farTo zogadi ganaTleba da Rrma codna
mcire raodenobis sferoebSi; uflebebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis gageba; da, rac yvelaze
mniSvnelovania, swavla imisa, Tu rogor iswavlo.
3. raimes keTebis swavla: ganaTleba unda daexmaros moswavleebs, miiRon profesiuli unar-
Cvevebi da socialuri da fsiqologiuri codna, rac maT SesaZleblobas miscems, sxvadasxva
cxovrebiseul situaciaSi gadawyvetilebebi informaciaze dayrdnobiT miiRon, SeeZloT
socialuri da samuSao urTierTobebis damyareba, monawileoba miiRon adgilobriv da
msoflio bazrebSi, gamoiyenon teqnikuri saSualebebi, daikmayofilon sakuTari ZiriTadi
saWiroebebi da gaaumjobeson sakuTari da sxva adamianebis cxovrebis done.
4. cxovrebis swavla: ganaTlebam xeli unda Seuwyos pirovnebis Camoyalibebas da SesaZlebloba
misces adamianebs, imoqmedon ufro damoukideblad, hqondeT gansjis, kritikuli
azrovnebisa da piradi pasuxismgeblobis aRebis unari. ganaTleba miznad unda isaxavdes,
ganaviTaros adamianis potencialis yvela aspeqti: magaliTad, mexsiereba, msjeloba,
esTetikuri aRqma, sulieri faseulobebi, fizikuri SesaZleblobebi da adamianebTan
urTierTobis unar-Cvevebi; cxovrebis jansaRi wesi, sportiTa da dasvenebiT siamovnebis
miRebis unari; sakuTari kulturis pativiscema, eTikisa da zneobis kodeqsis mimdevroba;
sakuTari saxeliT laparakisa da sakuTari Tavis dacvis unari; moqniloba.
aRniSnulma sganmanaTleblo amocanebma sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebs ubiZga,

SeemuSavebinaT axali strategiebi ganaTlebis sferoSi samomavlo miznebis misaRwevad.
evrokavSirma lisabonis strategiaSi3 gansazRvra ZiriTadi Tvisebebi evropaSi efeqtiani da
kargad momzadebuli moqalaqeobisTvis:
* urTierToba mSobliur enaze
* ucxo enebze urTierToba
* maTematikis codna
* mecnierebisa da teqnikis elementaruli safuZvlebis codna
* cifruli teqnologiebis codna
* swavlis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba
* socialuri da samoqalaqo codna
* iniciativisa da SemoqmedebiTobis grZnoba
* kulturuli informirebuloba da gamoxatva
evropis sganmanaTleblo politikaSi ori ZiriTadi koncefciis integrireba xdeba: swavla
cxovrebis manZilze moswavle sazogadoebaSi. idea imaSi mdgomareobs, rom saWiroa iseTi
sazogadoebis arseboba, sadac adamianebs SesaZlebloba eqnebaT, ganaviTaron sakuTari codna
mTeli sicocxlis manZilze. aRiarebulia aRniSnul procesSi formaluri da araformaluri
223
ganaTlebis urTierTSemavsebeli roli. araformalurma ganaTlebam SeiZleba moicvas ufro farTo
Temebi da meTodikebi. misi moqnili midgomis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia wera-kiTxvisa da sxva unar-
Cvevebis swavleba milionobiT bavSvisa da mozrdili adamianisTvis, romelTaTvisac oficialuri
ganaTlebis sistema xelmisawvdomi ar aris an romlebic wera-kiTxvis ucodinrebi arian.
kiTxva: migiRiaT Tu ara odesme monawileoba raime saxis araformalur swavlebaSi? ra

gamocdileba miiReT? riT gansxvavdeba is formaluri ganaTlebisgan?
Tavisufali droisa da TamaSis ufleba

TamaSi imdenad mniSvnelovania bavSvis janmrTelobisa da ganviTarebisTvis, rom bavSvis
uflebaTa konvenciis 31-e muxliT is fundamentur uflebad aris aRiarebuli. `bavSvis TamaSis
uflebis saerTaSoriso asociaciis~ gancxadebis Tanaxmad, `TamaSi... arsebiTi mniSvnelobis
saqmianobaa yvela bavSvis potencialis ganviTarebisTvis... vinaidan TamaSis saSualebiT SeiZleba
iswavlo cxovrebis siyvaruli da aRmoaCino cxovreba da ara ubralod dro gaataro.~4 nebismier
asakSi bavSvs TamaSis dros uviTardeba unar-Cvevebi, uvarjiSdeba sxeuli da warmosaxvis unari,
uyalibdeba esoden mniSvnelovani sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebi. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
imave muxlSi aRniSnulia, rom yovel bavSvebs aqvs ufleba ` ... yovelmxrivi monawileoba miiRos
kulturul da SemoqmedebiT cxovrebaSi da [saxelmwifoebi] xels uwyoben misTvis saTanado da
Tanaswori SesaZleblobebis Seqmnas kulturuli da SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobisTvis, Tavisufali
droiT sargeblobisa da dasvenebisTvis.~
TamaSi, kulturuli da SemoqmedebiTi aqtivobebi ar aris mxolod garToba da siamovnebis
miReba. maT wvlili SeaqvT bavSvis damoukideblobis ganviTarebaSi da xels uwyoben adamianebTan
urTierTobisa da kulturaTaSorisi unarebis ganviTarebas. TamaSiT da xelovnebiT bavSvebi
eziarebian adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTad principebs, rogoricaa pativiscema, Rirseba,
Tanasworoba, CarTuloba, samarTlianoba da TanamSromloba.
sporti aseve xels uwyobs monawileobis, TanamSromlobis, erTgulebis, Zalisxmevis gawevisa
da dadebiTi konkurenciis socialur faseulobebs. Tumca imisTvis, rom sportisgan es saswavlo
sargebeli miiRon, pedagogebmac da bavSvebmac es SesaZlebloba Segnebulad unda gamoiyenon da
is safrTxeebic gaacnobieron, romlebic Tan axlavs sports, gansakuTrebiT, roca sportuli
aqtivoba Zalze konkurentuli xdeba.
saerTaSoriso irganizaciebi, adamianis uflebebi da ganaTleba

iunesko – programa `ganaTleba yvelasTvis~
ganaTlebis msoflio forumma 2006 wels miiRo dakaris samoqmedo programa, axali sayovelTao
strategia `ganaTleba yvelasTvis~, romelic momdevno aTwleulSi unda ganxorcieldes
ìuneskos~ da wevr saxelmwifoTa mTavrobebis mier. aRniSnuli programa yuradRebas amaxvilebs
bavSvebis zrunvaze adreul asakSi, xarisxian ganaTlebaze, gogonebsa da biWebs Soris genderuli
uTanasworobis aRmofxvraze da cxovrebiseuli unar-Cvevebis gaumjobesebaze.
evropis sabWo
evropis sabWos saqmianobas ganaTlebis sferoSi safuZvlad udevs evropis kulturuli

konvencia. evropis sabWoSi ganaTlebis sakiTxebiT ZiriTadad ori seqtoria dakavebuli: saskolo,
skolisgareSe da umaRlesi ganaTlebis direqtorati da axalgazrdobisa da sportis direqtorati.
saskolo, skolisgareSe da umaRlesi ganaTlebis direqtoratis saqmianoba koncentrirebulia
xarisxian ganaTlebaze, Tanamedrove ganaTlebis politikaze, kulturaTaSoris dialogze
ganaTlebis saSualebiT da ganaTlebaze demokratiuli moqalaqeobisTvis.
axalgazrdobisa da sportis direqtorati SeimuSavebs politikur strategiebs da programebs
adgilobriv, erovnul da evropul doneebze bavSvebTan da axalgazrdebTan dakavSirebuli
harmoniuli da efeqtiani politikis ganviTarebisTvis. direqtorati afinansebs da mxars uWers
saerTaSoriso sganmanaTleblo saqmianobas, romelic miznad isaxavs bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis
demokratiuli moqalaqeobis, monawileobis, adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebSi ganaTlebis,
socialuri erTobisa da axalgazrdebis CarTulobis stimulirebas. axalgazrduli seqtori
muSaobs rogorc evropuli resurscentri araformaluri ganaTlebis sferoSi.
evropis sabWo aseve mxars uWers sports, miaCnia ra, rom igi warmoadgens adamianebs Soris
samarTliani TamaSis swavlisa da Semwynareblobis ganviTarebis saSualebas, aseve xels uwyobs
jansaRi cxovrebis wesis damkvidrebas da sportiT dakavebas. magaliTad, evrokavSirTan erTad
evropis sabWom gamouSva `sufTa wesebze dafuZnebuli sportis saxelmZRvanelo~ - saswavlo
kompleqti, romelic gankuTvnilia skolebisa da sportuli organizaciebisTvis.
224
-------------------------------
sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Delors, Jacques, Learning: the Treasure Within: Report to UNESCO of the International Commission on
Education for the Twenty-first Century: UNESCO Publishing, 1996:
www.unesco.org/delors/delors_e.pdf
* Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 on Key Competencies
for Lifelong Learning, Doc: (2006/962/EC), Official Journal of the European Union, 2006:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2006/l_394/l_39420061230en00100018.pdf
-------------------------------

* evropis sabWos axalgazrdobisa da sportis direqtorati: www.coe.int/youth
* xelSemwyobi sganmanaTleblo qseli: www.eenet.org.uk
* evropis paralimpiuri komiteti: www.europaralympic.org
* evropis sportuli qartia: www.coe.int/t/dg4/sport/SportinEurope/charter_en.asp
* fexburTi evropaSi rasizmis winaaRmdeg: www.farenet.org
* `TamaSis saerTaSoriso asociacia~: www.ipaworld.org/home.html
* `modi, gavaZevoT rasizmi fexburTidan~: www.kickitout.org
* proeqti `ganaTlebis ufleba~: www.right-to-education.org
* iunesko: portal.unesco.org/education
-------------------------------
1 See UNESCO, Peace and Human Rights Education: www.portal.unesco.org/education

2 Delors, Jacques, Learning: the Treasure Within: Report to UNESCO of the International Commission on
Education for the Twentyfirst Century: UNESCO Publishing, 1996, p.16
3 Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 on Key Competencies
for Lifelong Learning, Doc: (2006/962/EC), Official Journal of the European Union, 2006
4 ‘Declaration’ International Play Association,1982
225
5. garemo
mdgradi ganviTareba iseTi ganviTarebaa, romelic akmayofilebs axlandel saWiroebebs
imgvarad, rom xeli ar SeuSalos momavali Taobebis SesaZleblobas, daikmayofilon maTi
saWiroebebi.
bruntlandis komisia, 1987w.
adamianebi maTi garemos ganuyofel nawils warmoadgenen da garemo gavlenas axdens adamianis
cxovrebis yvela aspeqtze, maT Soris adamianebis uflebebze. gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis
1972 wlis konferenciam adamianebis garemos sakiTxebze oficialurad aRiara urTierTkavSiri
garemosa da adamianis uflebebs Soris, sajarod gamoacxada, rom àdamianis garemo, bunebrivi
Tu xelTqmnili, arsebiTia misi keTildReobisTvis da adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebiT – Tavad
sicocxlis uflebiTac ki _ sargeblobisTvis~.1
garemos dacvasTan dakavSirebuli uflebebi ganekuTvneba e.w. mesame Taobis anu koleqtiuri
uflebebis kategorias. es aris uflebebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens mTel sazogadoebaze an
adamianTa jgufebze da ara calkeul pirebze. am uflebebSi igulisxmeba mSvidobis, stabiluri
ganviTarebis, urTierTobis an kacobriobis saerTo monapovris gaziarebis ufleba. koleqtiuri
uflebebi, rogoricaa ufleba jansaR garemoze, aRiarebs imas, rom adamianis uflebebi arsebobs
ara mxolod pirebisTvis politikur da socialur sistemaSi, aramed yvela adamianisTvis,
romlebic, rogorc sazogadoebis wevrebi, gaerTianebulni arian urTierTdamokidebul
sistemebSi, romlebic scildebian erovnuli saxelmwifoebis sazRvrebs. magaliTad, globaluri
daTboba gavlenas axdens yvela cocxal arsebaze, imis miuxedavad, Tu romel qveyanaSi arian isini.
zustad iseve, rogorc TiToeulma adamianma pativi unda sces sxva adamianebis faseulobebs,
adamianebma unda pativi scen yvelafers garSemo: cxovelebs, mcenareebs da ekosistemebs,
romlebSic Cven varsebobT.
garemo adamianis uflebebze rogorc dadebiT, aseve uaryofiT gavlenas axdens. is mniSvnelovan
rols TamaSobs adamianis cxovrebaSi, Cveni sakvebis nedleuli masalebiT momaragebaSi,
mrewvelobasa da ganviTarebaSi. Tumca garemos mavne faqtorebma, rogoricaa Warbi radiacia an
mowamluli sasmeli wyali, SeiZleba safrTxe Seuqmnan cxovrebis uflebas. adamianebma, romlebic
ganicdian niadagis, haeris an sakvebis da wylis maragebis dabinZurebis gavlenas, SeiZleba Tavis
Tavze gamoscadon adamianis uflebaTa darRvevebi, aseve janmrTelobis Seryeva, genetikuri
problemebi, dakargon arsebobis saSualeba da sicocxlec ki. adamianis bevr ZiriTad uflebas aqvs
mniSvnelovani garemosdacviTi aspeqtebi. es aris janmrTelobis, usafrTxo da jansaRi samuSao
pirobebis, saTanado sacxovrebeli pirobebisa da sakvebis, muSaobis da cxovrebis adekvaturi
donis uflebebi.
226
garemos dacvis sakiTxebi evropaSi
evropa dgas mniSvnelovani garemosdacviTi problemebis winaSe, romlebmac SeiZleba gavlena

iqonion momaval Taobebze:
* mZime mrewvelobisa da wiaRiseuli sawvavis Sedegad haeris dabinZureba uSualo

zegavlenas axdens adamianis janmrTelobaze da yvela cocxal arsebaze.
* globaluri daTbobiT da saTburis efeqtiT gamowveulma klimatis cvlilebam SeiZleba
zegavlena iqonios momaval Taobebze, gamoiwvios gvalvebi, Zlieri qariSxlebi da saTesi
mindvrebis dakargva.
* yvelaze mTavari sazrunavia wyliT xelmisawvdomoba da misi xarisxi.
* Tanamedrove masobriv moxmarebas da sayofacxovrebo narCenebs uaryofiTi zegavlena
aqvT garemoze. amis magaliTebia avtomobilebis Warbi raodenoba, celofanis paketebi,
dasafasoebeli da SesafuTi masala.
* genetikurad modificirebul organizmebs, romelTa genetikuri masala Seicvala
modificirebuli genis danergviT, SeiZleba grZelvadiani Sedegebi hqondes adamianis
janmrTelobaze, garemoze da soflis meurneobaze.
bavSvebi da garemo
2004 wels evropis saxelmwifoTa ministrebma miiRes samoqmedo gegma evropeli bavSvebisTvis
garemos dacvisa da jandacvis sferoSi. es gegma exeba im garemosdacviT risk-faqtorebs,
romlebic yvelaze metad axdens zegavlenas evropeli bavSvebis janmrTelobaze. aRniSnuli
samoqmedo gegma evropis oTx regionul prioritetul amocanaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas:2
* usafrTxo wyliTa da saTanado sanitaruli pirobebiT uzrunvelyofa

* dazianebebisgan dacva da saTanado fizikuri varjiSi
* sufTa haeriT uzrunvelyofa saxlSi da saxlis gareT
* qimiuri nivTierebebisgan Tavisufali garemos Seqmna
aRniSnuli miznebis misaRwevad Zalze mniSvnelovania bavSvebis informirebulobis gazrda da

maT mier rogorc garemosTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaTviTcnobiereba, ise imis gageba, Tu ra
kavSirSia garemos dacvis sakiTxi adamianis uflebebTan.
kiTxva: romeli mniSvnelovani garemosdacviTi sakiTxebi dgas Tqvens sazogadoebaSi? rogor

SeiZleba bavSvebis aqtiurad Cabma am sakiTxebis gadawyvetis saqmeSi?
bavSvebs SeuZliaT aqtiuri roli iTamaSon garemos dacvaSi da mis gaumjobesebaSi. Tavad maT
SeuZliaT Seafason an Secvalon cxovrebis sakuTari stili, Seafason, agreTve, Tu ra gavlenas
axdens is garemoze (magaliTad, maT SeuZliaT dazogon iseTi resursebi, rogoric aris wyali,
eleqtroenergia, ar gaafuWon sakvebi). adgilobriv doneze maT SeuZliaT monawileoba miiRon
proeqtebSi, romelTa meSveobiT maTi ojaxebi, skolebi da axalgazrduli organizaciebi ufro
met yuradRebas gamoiCenen garemos mimarT (magaliTad, usafrTxo produqtebis gamoyeneba,
narCenebis ganadgureba, sxvadasxva masalis xelaxla gadamuSaveba). bavSvebs SeuZliaT Seafason
sakuTari adgilobrivi, regionuli, erovnuli sazogadoebis politika da praqtika da
warmoadginon maTi gaumjobesebis winadadebebi. maT SeuZliaT SeuerTdnen kampaniebs da iseTi
globaluri dResaswaulebis aRniSvnas, rogoricaa dedamiwis dRe da garemos dacvis msoflio
dRe.
garemos dacvis msoflio dRe, 5 ivnisi, gaero-s generaluri asambleis mier 1972 wels dawesda.
misi aRniSvna sxvadasxva saSualebiT SeiZleba, rogoric aris quCebSi mitingebi, paradebi
velosipedebiT, mwvaneTa koncertebi, skolebSi mowyobili Sejibrebebi narkvevebis daweraSi
da plakatebis momzadebaSi, xeebis dargva, narCenebis gadamuSaveba da dasufTavebis kampaniebi.
yovelwliurad garemos dacvis msoflio dRe konkretul Temas eZRvneba, rogoricaa `yinulis
dnoba – aqtualuri Tema?~, `nu miatovebT miwas!~ da `mwvane qalaqebi: planetis gegma~.3 dedamiwis
dRis _ 22 aprilis _ aRniSvnis koordinacias axorcielebs `dedamiwis dRis qseli~, romelic
muSaobs sxva garemosdacviT da adamianis uflebaTa dacvis organizaciebTan erTad, rogoric
aris “Sierra Club” da “Amnesty International”. am dRes ewyoba adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis da garemos
borotad gamoyenebis sawinaaRmdego saprotesto aqciebi.4
227
mdgradi ganviTareba
Cven axla vcxovrobT aTwleulSi `ganaTleba mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis~, romlis aRniSvnisken

2005-2014 wlebSi gaero-s generalurma asambleam mogviwoda. ras niSnavs `mdgradi ganviTareba~?
bruntlandis komisiam, romelic 1980-ian wlebSi Seikriba, is Semdegnairad gansazRvra:
`ganviTareba, romelic akmayofilebs axlandel saWiroebebs imgvarad, rom xeli ar SeuSalos
momavali Taobebis SesaZleblobas, daikmayofilon maTi saWiroebebi~5. mdgrad ganviTarebasTan
dakavSirebuli kidev erTi mniSvnelovani saerTaSoriso dokumentia `samoqmedo programa-
21~, romelic warmodgenili iyo 1992 wels rio-de-JaneiroSi Catarebul dedamiwis samitze da
romelic Semdeg 172 mTavrobam miiRo. aRniSnuli amomwuravi samoqmedo gegma xorcieldeba
mTavrobebis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis erToblivi
ZalisxmeviT msoflio, erovnul da adgilobriv doneebze. 2002 wels gaimarTa msoflio samiti
mdgradi ganviTarebis sakiTxebze. mdgradoba ar niSnavs mxolod garemos SenarCunebas, es
aris swavla imisa, Tu rogor vicxovroT erTmaneTis da Cveni planetis pativiscemiT. ase rom
`ganaTleba mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis~ niSnavs faseulobebis, qcevebis swavlas da codnis
miRebas, romelic saSualebas mogvcems, ganviTareba ise warvmarToT, rom momaval Taobebs ar
wavarTvaT igive SesaZlebloba.6
bavSvebma SeiZleba daiwyon imis gaTviTcnobiereba, Tu ra grZelvadiani zegavlena eqneba
adamianebis qmedebebs garemoze, Tu Seiswavlian sakuTar uSualo garemos da Semdeg miRebul
codnas da gamocdilebas msoflio konteqstze gaavrceleben. Tu, magaliTad, qalaqis
municipaliteti miiRebs gadawyvetilebas, aaSenos gza qalaqis gamwvanebul teritoriaze,
bavSvebs SeiZleba aRar hqondeT saTamaSo adgili da isini veRar datkbebian bunebrivi garemoTi.
mxolod momaval Taobebze zrunviT da fiqriT SevZlebT Cveni planetis jansaR mdgomareobaSi
SenarCunebas.
evropis garemos dacvis biuro, romelic evropis daaxloebiT 150 garemosdacviT
arasamTavrobo organizacias aerTianebs, miznad isaxavs, sazogadoebaSi gaavrcelos codna im
problemebis Sesaxeb, romlebic dakavSirebulia mdgrad ganviTarebasTan evropaSi, da moaxdinos
mosaxleobisa da mTavrobebis mobilizeba mudmivi gaumjobesebisTvis.
evropis sabWo
is faqti, rom adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia ar axsenebs garemos, gasakviri ar

aris. es konvencia 1950 wels iqna miRebuli, roca cota adamianma Tu icoda garemos degradaciis
Sorsmimavali Sedegebis Sesaxeb. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia bevrjer axsenebs
`qveynis ekonomikur keTildReobas~, magram ara mis ekologiur keTildReobas. analogiurad,
is ganamtkicebs `janmrTelobis dacvis~ mniSvnelobas, magram ar laparakobs jansaRi garemos
mniSvnelobaze janmrTeli mosaxleobisTvis, Tumca axla aris imis mcdelobebi, rom adamianis
uflebaTa garemosdacviTi aspeqtebi aRiaros adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom.7
evropuli konvenciis msgavsad, adamianis uflebaTa adre miRebuli dokumentebi, rogoricaa

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia da ori paqti, win uswrebda zogadad sazogadoebis
mier garemos mniSvnelobis gaTviTcnobierebas da, Sesabamisad, arc isini axseneben am sakiTxs.
magram 1989 wels miRebuli bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia 24.g muxlSi sgangebod moixseniebs
garemos bavSvis janmrTelobis uflebis konteqstSi da mouwodebs mTavrobebs:
ebrZolon daavadebebsa da SimSilobas, `maT Soris pirveladi samedicino-sanitaruli

daxmarebis farglebSi, advilad xelmisawvdomi teqnologiisa da sakmao sursaTiTa da sasmeli
wyliT momaragebis gziT, garemos dabinZurebis saSiSroebisa da riskis gaTvaliswinebiT~ [.]
garda amisa, muxli 24.e mouwodebs mTavrobebs jandacvis sferoSi ganaTlebis zogadi nawilis
saxiT garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis SemoRebas mSoblebisa da bavSvebisTvis. garemosdacviT
ganaTlebas muxli 29.e xarisxiani ganaTlebis (romlis ufleba yvela bavSvs aqvs) sxva miznebs
Soris moixseniebs:
bavSvis ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos] garemosadmi pativiscemis suliskveTebiT bavSvis

aRzrdisken.
228
jansaRi garemos uflebis TandaTanobiTi aRiareba gviCvenebs, Tu rogor viTardeba adamianis
uflebaTa samarTlebrivi baza, xdeba axali uflebebis aRiareba, gansazRvra da saboloo
jamSi adamianis uflebaTa dokumentebSi kodificireba. amJamad saredaqcio komiteti muSaobs
garemosdacviTi uflebebis konvenciaze. es SeiZleba iyos xangrZlivi da sadavo procesi,
romelic gulisxmobs erTiani azris SemuSavebas, konsultacias mTavrobebTan, mTavrobaTaSoris
da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan.
------------------------------
sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Report of the United Nations
Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 1972: http://un-documents.net/unchedec.htm
* Fourth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health: Children’s Environment and Health Action Plan for
Europe: World Health Organisation, 2004: www.euro.who.int/document/e83338.pdf
* Garcia San José, Daniel, Environmental protection and the European Convention on Human Rights: Council of
Europe, 2006.
* Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, Resolution 42/187: United Nations, 1987:
www.un.org/documents/ga/res/42/ares42-187.htm
* Links between the Global Initiatives in Education, Education for sustainable development in action, Technical
Paper N 1: UNESCO, 2005: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001408/140848m.pdf
------------------------------
* ganaTlebis programa ganviTarebis sferoSi: www.worldbank.org

* ganaTleba partniorebis ganviTarebis sferoSi: www.dea.org.uk
* Earthday Network Homepage: www.earthday.net
* Epaedia, Environment explained: http://epaedia.eea.europa.eu/
* evropis garemosdacviTi saagento: www.eea.europa.eu/
* evropis garemosdacviTi biuro: www.eeb.org/Index.htm
* evrokavSiris garemosdacviTi sakomunikacio qseli (evrokavSiris wevri
saxelmwifoebidan saukeTeso praqtikis magaliTebiT):
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/networks/bestpractise_en.htm
* Green Peace: www.greenpeace.org
* gaero-s mdgradi ganviTarebis departamenti: www.un.org/esa/sustdev/
* gaero-s garemosdacviTi programa: www.unep.org
* Veolia Environment – Tales around the world youth campaign:
ww.veoliaenvironnement.com/globe/en/
------------------------------
1 Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Report of the United Nations Conference
on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 1972.
2 Fourth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health: Children’s Environment and Health Action Plan for
Europe: World Health Organisation, 2004.
3 See United Nations Environment Programme: www.unep.org
4 See Earthday Network Homepage: www.earthday.net
5 Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: United Nations, 1987.
6 Links between the Global Initiatives in Education, Education for sustainable development in action, Technical Paper
N.1: UNESCO, 2005.
7 Garcia San José, Daniel, Environmental protection and the European Convention on Human Rights: Council of
Europe, 2006.
229
6. ojaxi da alternatiuli mzrunveloba
ojaxi aris sazogadoebis bunebrivi da ZiriTadi ujredi da mas ufleba aqvs daculi iyos
sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos mxridan.
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia, muxli 16.3
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia ojaxs aRiarebs bunebriv ujredad, romelic yvelaze kargad
icavs bavSvebs da maTi jansaRi ganviTarebisTvis saukeTeso pirobebs uzrunvelyofs. bavSvs aqvs
ufleba, hqondes iseTi aRzrda, dacva da mzrunveloba, romlebic pativs scems mis pirovnebas da
individualobas. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-3 muxli acxadebs, rom mSoblebis upirvelesi
mizani bavSvis WeSmariti interesebis dacva unda iyos.
yvela bavSvs aqvs ufleba, icnobdes Tavis mSoblebs da garemoculi iyos maTi mzrunvelobiT
(muxli 7). bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia bavSvis keTildReobaze pasuxismgeblobas orive mSobels
da saxelmwifos akisrebs. saxelmwifoebi iReben valdebulebas, aRiaron, rom bavSvis aRzrdis
da ganviTarebis upirvelesi pasuxismgebloba mSoblebs akisriaT (muxli 5) da iReben sxvadasxva
pozitiur zomebs mSoblebis dasaxmareblad maTi movaleobis SesrulebaSi (muxli 18). mSoblebs
aseve ekisrebaT ZiriTadi pasuxismgebloba, uzrunvelyon bavSvis ganviTarebisTvis saWiro
cxovrebis pirobebi, magram Tu maT ar SeuZliaT sakuTar bavSvebze zrunva, saxelmwifoebs
akisriaT pasuxismgebloba, daxmareba gauwion an Caerion maTze zrunvaSi (muxli 27).
mSoblebi saTanadod unda xelmZRvanelobdnen bavSvs misi uflebebis im meTodiT
ganxorcielebaSi, romelic Seesatyviseba bavSvis ganviTarebad unarebs, anu aRiarebdnen, rom
roca bavSvi gaizrdeba, mas ufleba eqneba, metad CaerTos im gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaSi, romlebic
mas Seexeba (muxli 14). bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis mixedviT mSoblebma bavSvi unda aRiqvan
rogorc sazogadoebrivi arseba, Tavisi uflebebiT, da ara mxolod rogorc maTi sakuTreba.
ra aris ojaxi?
`tradiciuli~ ojaxis garda, romelic gulisxmobs daqorwinebul mSoblebs da maT biologiur

bavSvebs, evropelebi sxva ojaxebadac cxovroben, rogoricaa:
* sxvadasxva Taobebisgan Semdgari ojaxi;

* martoxela dedis an mamis ojaxi, roca erT-erTi mSobeli ar cxovrobs ojaxSi _
ganqorwinebulia, an mitovebuli hyavs ojaxi, an gardacvlilia an sxva mizezebis gamoa wasuli
saxlidan;
230
* ojaxi, romelSic bavSvi ayvanilia an romlisTvisac aRsazrdelad aris gadacemuli;
* xelaxla Seqmnili ojaxi, romelic Sedgeba dedinacvlis an maminacvlisgan da biologiuri
mSoblisgan da zogjer rogorc biologiuri, ise arabiologiuri da-Zmisgan;
* de faqto kavSiri, roca ori adamiani erTad cxovrobs qorwinebis gareSe;
* ojaxi, romelic erTi sqesis mSoblebisgan Sedgeba;
* ojaxi, romelic Sedgeba bavSvebisgan da maTi bebia-babuebisgan.
sul ufro xSiria iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac bavSvebs ojaxuri mdgomareobis Secvla da erT
mSobelTan an dedinacvalTan Tu maminacvalTan cxovreba uwevT. Tumca evropis yvela qveyanaSi
bavSvebis sul mcire ori mesamedi maTi bavSvobis umetes nawils ojaxebSi sakuTar bunebriv
mSoblebTan erTad atarebs.
imis miuxedavad, Tu rogor ojaxSi cxovrobs bavSvi, orive mSobels erTnairi pasuximgebloba
akisria bavSvebze zrunvis TvalsazrisiT, maSinac ki, Tu isini cal-calke cxovroben. bavSvis
uflebaTa konvenciis me-18 muxli aRiarebs orive mSoblis pasuxismgeblobas bavSvebis aRzrdaze
da maT zrunvaze. zogierTi evropuli saxelmwifo muSaobs im politikis gaumjobesebaze, romelic
ojaxis da mSoblebis saWiroebebs iTvaliswinebs, rogoricaa mamebisTvis dekretis micema da
bavSvze zrunva momuSave wyvilebisTvis. bavSvebis uzrunvelyofa Tanabari SesaZleblobebiT,
maTi sqesis, statusis an ojaxis qonebrivi mdgomareobis miuxedavad, mniSvnelovania ojaxebisTvis
mSoblebis pasuxismgeblobis xelSewyobis mizniT.
evropuli ojaxebis problemebi
evropaSi ojaxebi bevri problemis winaSe dganan:
* dasaqmebuli mSoblebi: ufro xSirad orive mSobeli muSaobs. xangrZlivi samuSao saaTebi
da konfliqti, samuSao da ojaxis pasuxismgeblobebs Soris bevr problemas qmnian. evrokavSiris
qveynebis mSoblebis sul mcire 10% da evrokavSiris axali wevri saxelmwifoebis mSoblebis 15%
aRniSnaven, rom maT siZneleebi aqvT ojaxis pasuxismgeblobebis SesrulebaSi, vinaidan bevri
muSaoba uwevT, xolo mSoblebi, romlebsac sam welze umcrosi asakis bavSvebi hyavT, kidev ufro
didi siZneleebis winaSe dganan.1
* martoxela mSoblebisgan Semdgari ojaxebi: mTlianobaSi evropis qveynebis
bavSvebis 80% mSoblebTan erTad cxovrobs. Tumca procenti saberZneTsa da italiaSi 90%-
dan gaerTianebul samefoSi 70%-ze naklebamde meryeobs. aRniSnuli cifrebi mniSvnelovan
geografiul gansxvavebebze metyvelebs: belgiaSi, saberZneTSi, italiaSi, portugaliasa da
espaneTSi bavSvebis 9%-ze naklebi cxovrobs martoxela mSoblebTan erTad, xolo daniaSi,
fineTSi, norvegiasa da SveciaSi aseTi bavSvebis raodenoba 15%-s aRwevs. bavSvebis 10-dan 15%-
mde cxovrobs martoxela mSoblebTan erTad avstriaSi, CexeTis respublikaSi, safrangeTSi,
germaniaSi, ungreTSi, niderlandebSi, poloneTsa da SveicariaSi.2
evropis sabWo intensiurad muSaobs am problemebze. 2006 wels ministrTa komitetma gamosca
rekomendacia wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis mSoblebis mier TavianTi pasuxismgeblobis pozitiurad
Sesrulebis xelSemwyob politikasTan dakavSirebiT. rekomendaciaSi `mSoblebis mier
TavianTi pasuxismgeblobis pozitiurad Sesruleba~ gansazRvrulia rogorc `qceva, romelic
bavSvis WeSmarit interesebzea damyarebuli, rac gulisxmobs bavSvis saTanado movlas, misi
uflebebis uzrunvelyofas da araZaladobriv damokidebulebas da uzrunvelyofs aRiarebas
da xelmZRvanelobas, rac moicavs sazRvrebis dawesebas bavSvis srulyofili ganviTarebis
xelSewyobis mizniT.~ aRniSnuli rekomendacia aseve yuradRebas amaxvilebs Semdegi sakiTxebis
mniSvnelobaze:
* mSoblebis mier TavianTi pasuxismgeblobis pozitiurad Sesruleba;

* saxelmwifo samsaxurebi, romlebic mSoblebs daxmarebas uweven;
* sxvadasxva momsaxureba im mSoblebisTvis, romlebic sazogadoebidan gariyvis riskis
winaSe dganan;
* balansi samsaxursa da ojaxur cxovrebas Soris;
* bavSvebze zrunvis samsaxurebi.3
garda amisa, 2006 wels evropis sabWom moamzada angariSi mSoblebis mier TavianTi
pasuxismgeblobis pozitiurad Sesrulebis sakiTxebze Tanamedrove evropaSi, sadac yuradReba
gaamaxvila mSoblebis rolze da bavSvebis mimarT saTanado mopyrobaze, aseve aRzrdaze Zaladobis
gareSe (ixileT Tema `Zaladoba~, gv. 270). aRniSnul angariSSi ZiriTadi yuradReba bavSvebisTvis
yvelaze mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs eTmoba:
231
* aucilebeli zrunva: bavSvis fizikuri saWiroebebis dakmayofileba (sakvebi, siTbo,
TavSesafari, higiena, saWiro tansacmeli da samedicino momsaxureba);
* usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa: bavSvis dacva zianisgan rogorc saxlSi, aseve saxlis
gareT;
* adamianuri siTbo: bavSvma unda miiRos adamianuri mxardaWera da igrZnos, rom is
Zvirfasia;
* stimulireba: bavSvis ganaTlebis stimulireba da inteleqtualuri ganviTareba bavSvis
dainteresebiT da misi ganaTlebis SesaZleblobebis xelSewyobis gziT;
* mimarTulebis micema da zRvari: zRvaris daweseba da bavSvisTvis saTanado qcevis
demonstrireba;
* stabiluroba: adamianuri siTbos mudmivi gamovlena da reagireba bavSvisTvis mniSvnelovani
adamianebis mxridan.4
angariSSi aRiarebulia, rom bavSvebi SeiZleba daSordnen mSoblebs sxvadasxva mizezis gamo,
rogoricaa mSoblebis gacileba, ojaxis wevrebis gadaadgileba mogzaurobis an omis, erTi an
orive mSoblis sikvdilis, trefikingis an mitovebis gamo. nebismieri mizeziT daSoreba Rrma kvals
tovebs bavSvebze, saSiSroebis winaSe ayenebs maT keTildReobas, ganaTlebas da ganviTarebas.
swored amitom aqvT bavSvebs ufleba, darCnen sakuTar mSoblebTan, im konkretuli SemTxvevebis
garda, roca sasamarTlo organoebi daadgenen, rom daSoreba ukeT emsaxureba bavSvis interesebs
(muxli 9).
kiTxva: bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ZiriTadi principi bavSvis WeSmariti interesebia. magram
vin iRebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu ra aris saukeTeso? magaliTad, vin unda miiRos gadawyvetileba
imis Sesaxeb, ramdenad bavSvis interesebSia Seuferebel mSobelTan darCena? ojaxis sxva wevrebi?
Tavad bavSvi? saxelmwifo? sxva vin?
Tumca yvela mSobels arc SeuZlia da arc aqvs survili, pozitiurad Seasrulos mSoblis
pasuxismgebloba da arc yvela bavSvisTvis aris sasargeblo sakuTar ojaxSi cxovreba. bavSvis
uflebaTa konvenciis me-20 muxli ganmartavs:
`bavSvs, romelic droebiT an mudmivad moklebulia ojaxur garemos, an misive yvelaze

WeSmariti interesebidan gamomdinare ar SeiZleba darCes aseT garemoSi, ufleba aqvs
saxelmwifos gansakuTrebuli mfarvelobiTa da daxmarebiT sargeblobdes... [romelmac
unda] uzrunvelyos aseTi bavSvis mimarT mzrunvelobis formis Secvla.~
amgvari zomebi mxolod eqstremaluri garemoebebis dros miiReba. evropis bevr qveyanaSi
bavSvis dacvis sistema da bavSvze zrunvis dawesebulebebi uzrunvelyofen maRali xarisxis
pirobebs riskis winaSe myofi bavSvebisTvis. Tumca zog qveyanaSi bevri bavSvi dawesebulebaSi
moTavsebulia ara aucilebeli mizezebis gamo da zedmetad didi xniT. bavSvebi, romlebsac
ojaxis gareT an mSoblebis zrunvis gareSe uwevT cxovreba, ufro metad arian daucvelni
diskriminaciis, sastiki mopyrobisa da eqspluataciis winaSe, aseve emociuri da socialuri
mdgomareobis gauresebis winaSe, rac mzrunvelobis naklebobis Sedegia.
bavSvebze alternatiuli mzrunvelobis sakiTxi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas saWiroebs.
alternatiul mzrunvelobaSi igulisxmeba araoficialuri Tu oficialuri aRmzrdelebi,
sisxliT naTesavis mxridan zrunva da Svilad ayvana. saWiroa, agreTve, socialuri sazogadoebrivi
organizaciebis arseboba, rogoricaa bavSvebze dRis ganmavlobaSi zrunva, ganaTleba aRzrdis
sakiTxebSi da ojaxSi daxmareba, raTa maT gaaZlieron rogorc mSoblebisa da sxvadasxva
Taobebisgan Semdgari ojaxebis SesaZleblobebi, aseve Temebisa, romlebic zrunaven mSoblebis
gareSe darCenil bavSvebze.
evropis bevr qveyanaSi arian quCis bavSvebi. maT yvela xedavs – isini quCaSi cxovroben da
muSaoben – Tumca ar arsebobs sarwmuno informacia maTi vinaobis an ricxovnobis Sesaxeb,
rac xelisuflebis organoebisTvis ukiduresad arTulebs maT uzrunvelyofas sasicocxlo
mniSvnelobis jandacviT an ganaTlebiT, aseve maT dacvas zianisgan. isini SeumCnevelnic arian,
vinaidan bevri adamiani ignorirebas ukeTebs am bavSvebs _ Cveni sazogadoebebis yvelaze didi
marcxis fizikur gansaxierebad miiCnevs. aRniSnuli problema globalur xasiaTs atarebs da sul
ufro Rrmavdeba. misi mizezebia siRaribe, ojaxis daSla, fizikuri da moraluri Seuracxyofa,
mitoveba, ugulebelyofa da socialuri mRelvareba. quCis bavSvebi daucveli arian. bevri
maTganisTvis realuri riskfaqtorebia prostitucia, trefikingi, danaSauli, narkotikebi,
jgufuri Zaladoba da aseve Zaladoba policiis mxridan; sxvaTaTvis ki es ukve realobaa.
232
bavSvebTan muSaoba ojaxis sakiTxebze
roca bavSvebTan erTad ojaxur sakiTxebs ganixilaven, pedagogebma uari unda Tqvan nebismieri
saxis stereotipul qcevaze an molodinze ojaxis sxvadasxva modelTan dakavSirebiT. bavSvebma
unda gaaTviTcnobieron da miiRon ojaxis nebismieri forma da gamoamJRavnon TanagrZnoba da
solidaroba erTmaneTis mimarT. mniSvnelovan amocanas warmoadgens, rom bavSvebma miiRon codna
sakuTari uflebebis Sesaxeb ojaxebSi, rogoricaa monawileoba an Zaladobis dauSvebloba.
ojaxuri cxovrebis ganxilvam SeiZleba gamoiwvios winaaRmdegobrivi grZnobebi zogierT
bavSvSi, gansakuTrebiT mozardebSi. SeiZleba sasargeblo gamodges mSoblebTan da mzrunvelebTan
gasaubreba, im situaciebis gamoklebiT, roca savarjiSos msvlelobisas gamovlindeba ojaxSi
Zaladobis faqtebi. aseT SemTxvevebSi mniSvnelovania, bavSvebma gaigon, rom isini ar arian
pasuxismgebelni momxdar Zaladobaze, maT Soris seqsualur Zaladobaze. maT unda vubiZgoT, rom
sakuTari problemebi gaumxilon megobrebs da ufrosebs, romlebsac maTi daxmareba SeuZliaT
(ixileT Tema `Zaladoba~, gv. 270).
evropis sabWo
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxli icavs yvela adamianis `pirad da ojaxur
cxovrebas, mis sacxovrebelsa da mimoweras~ saxelmwifos mxridan Carevisgan. aRniSnuli ufleba
yuradRebas amaxvilebs ojaxis dacvis mniSvnelobaze _ socialuri ujredisa, romelic umetesi
bavSvebis aRzrdaze zrunavs mowifulobis asakamde.
evropis Sesworebuli socialuri qartiis me-16 muxli icavs bavSvebis, rogorc ojaxis
wevrebis, uflebebs:
òjaxs, rogorc sazogadoebis ZiriTad ujreds, aqvs ufleba Sesabamis socialur, samarTlebriv
da ekonomikur dacvaze misi sruli ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.~
arsebobs evropis sabWos sxva konvenciebi, romlebic registrirebuli qorwinebis gareSe
Sobili an naSvilebi bavSvebis uflebebis dasacavad aris gankuTvnili. bavSvTa uflebebis da maTi
WeSmariti interesebis dacva samarTlebrivi procedurebiT garantirebulia bavSvTa uflebebis
ganxorcielebis evropul konvenciaSi.
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia ojaxs `sazogadoebis bunebriv da ZiriTad

ujredad~ acxadebs da ambobs, rom `mas ufleba aqvs, daculi iyos sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos
mxridan~ (me-16 muxli). deklaracia gansazRvravs ojaxs rogorc cxovrebis erT-erT konkretul
sferos da acxadebs, rom yvela adamians aqvs ufleba, daculi iyos am sferoSi TviTneburad
Carevisgan (me-12 muxli). igive deklaracia yvela adamians aniWebs `daqorwinebisa da ojaxis Seqmnis
uflebas~ (me-16 muxli). deklaracia ar gansazRvravs òjaxs~ _ termins, romelic ocdameerTe
saukuneSi SeiZleba ganisazRvros mravali sxvadasxva kombinaciis saxiT, garda tradiciuli
ojaxisa orive mSobliT da maTi genetikuri SvilebiT.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia kidev ufro did yuradRebas aqcevs ojaxis mniSvnelobas da
preambulaSi acxadebs, rom ojaxi aris ara mxolod sazogadoebis ZiriTadi ujredi, aramed aseve
misi wevrebis, gansakuTrebiT ki bavSvebis, zrdisa da keTildReobis bunebrivi garemo, da iZleva
rekomendacias bavSvis pirovnebis `sruli da harmoniuli ganviTarebisTvis~.
konvencia iZleva detalur miTiTebebs im bavSvebisTvis, romlebic sxvadasxva mizezis gamo
daSorebulebi arian ojaxs, mxars uWers ojaxis gamTlianebas da aRiarebs, rom zog SemTxvevaSi
bavSvis WeSmariti interesebidan gamomdinare bavSvebi unda daacilon ojaxs, romelsac ar SeuZlia
an ar aZlevs bavSvs saTanado aRzrdas (muxlebi 9, 10, 20, 21 da 22). Tumca upirvelesi mniSvneloba
bavSvis mSoblebs eniWeba. saxelmwifos moeTxoveba, pativi sces mSoblebisa da Sesabamis
SemTxvevebSi ... farTod gagebuli ojaxis wevrebis an Temis, ... uflebebsa da movaleobebs (muxli
5). me-7 muxlSi aRiarebulia ojaxis mniSvneloba bavSvis pirovnebis CamoyalibebaSi da bavSvisTvis
miniWebuli ufleba, ìcnobdes Tavis mSoblebs da garemosili iyos maTi mzrunvelobiT~ (muxli
7). mSoblebs eniWebaT upirvelesi pasuxismgebloba bavSvis aRzrdaze, ganviTarebaze da finansur
daxmarebaze, Semdeg principze dayrdnobiT: òrive mSobels erTnairi pasuxismgebloba ekisreba
bavSvis aRzrdaze da ganviTarebaze~ (muxli 18 da muxli 27). Tumca, roca mSoblebs ar SeuZliaT
uzrunvelyon bavSvis saTanado aRzrda, saxelmwifo valdebulia, daxmareba aRmouCinos maT
233
(muxli 18.2).
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis msgavsad, bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia
krZalavs Carevas bavSvis pirad da ojaxur cxovrebaSi, mis sacxovrebelSi, aseve misi Rirsebisa
da reputaciis ukanono xelyofas (muxli 16). garda amisa, bavSvs aqvs ufleba, miiRos ganaTleba,
romelic mimarTuli unda iyos `bavSvisTvis Tavisi mSoblebisadmi, Tavisi kulturuli
TviTmyofadobis, enisa da faseulobebis pativiscemis Canergvisken~ (muxli 29.g).
--------------------------------
sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Changes In Parenting: Children Today, Parents Tomorrow, Conference of European Ministers Responsible for
Family Affairs, Final Communique: Lisbon, Council of Europe, May 2006: www.coe.int/t/dg3/youthfamily/source/2006
minconFinaldeclaration_en.pdf
* Child Poverty in Perspective: An overview of child well-being in rich countries: UNICEF Innocenti Research
Centre, Florence, 2007:
www.unicef-icdc.org/publications/pdf/rc7_eng.pdf
* Child Protection Information Sheet: Children Without Parental Care: UNICEF, May 2006: www.unicef.org/
protection/files/Parental_Care.pdf
* Daly, Mary, ed., Parenting in contemporary Europe: a positive approach: Council of Europe, 2007.
* Explanatory Report on Policy to Support Positive Parenting, 983 Meeting of European Committee for Social
Cohesion, CM (2006)194 add: Council of Europe, December 2006:
* Flaquer, Lluis, Poverty in Southern Europe: Barcelona, Institute of Childhood and Urban World, Sociology
Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 2005:
http://devel.ciimu.org/webs/wellchi/reports/workshop_2/ww2_flaquer.pdf
* Hantaris, Linda; Philipov, Dimiter; Billari, Francesco C., Policy implications of changing family formation
(Population studies No. 49): Council of Europe, 2006.
* Rights of Children at risk and care, Council of Europe, 2007.
* Krieger, Hubert, Family Life in Europe: Results of recent surveys on quality of life in Europe, Paper presented
at the Irish Presidency conference ‘Families, change and social policy in Europe’, Dublin, May 2004: www.eurofound.
europa.eu/docs/areas/populationandsociety/krieger040513.pdf
* Recommendation Rec(2006)19 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Policy to Support Positive
Parenting: Council of Europe, 2006:
http://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1073507&BackColourInternet=9999CC&BackColourIntranet=FFBB55&BackC
olourLogged=FFAC75
* Which Are the Provisions in the Family Law that Foster Children’s Well-being and Which Kind of Reforms
Should Be Envisaged in this Respect?, Wellchi Network Workshop 2: Sofia, Institute For Legal Studies, Bulgarian
Academy Of Sciences, 2005:
www.ciimu.org/webs/wellchi/reports/workshop_2/w2_abstracts.pdf
--------------------------------
1 Krieger, Hubert, Family Life in Europe: Results of recent surveys on quality of life in Europe, Paper presented at the
Irish Presidency conference ‘Families, change and social policy in Europe’, Dublin, 2004.
2 Child Poverty in Perspective: An overview of child well-being in rich countries, UNICEF Innocenti Research
Centre, 2007.
3 Recommendation Rec(2006)19 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Policy to Support Positive
Parenting: Council of Europe, 2006.
4 Explanatory Report on Policy to Support Positive Parenting, 983 Meeting of European Committee for Social
Cohesion, CM(2006)194 add: Council of Europe, 2006.
234
7. genderuli Tanasworoba
ganaTlebis muSakebma unda aRiaron sakuTari genderuli stereotipebi da dafiqrdnen
imaze, asaxavs Tu ara maTi swavlebis meTodebi, ena da urTierToba biWebsa da gogonebTan
genderul Tanasworobas, romlis swavlebasac isini cdiloben.
ras niSnavs genderuli Tanasworoba?
adamianis uflebaTa mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, genderuli Tanasworoba, niSnavs Tanabar

uflebamosilebas rogorc mamakacebisTvis, aseve qalebisTvis sazogadoebrivi da piradi
cxovrebis yvela sferoSi. es ar niSnavs, rom orive sqesi erTnairia: isini Tanasworebi arian
sakuTar uflebebSi da RirsebaSi. adamianis yvela sxva uflebis msgavsad, saWiroa genderuli
TanasworobisTvis mudmivad brZola, misi dacva da xelSewyoba.
as ormocdaaT welze meti xnis manZilze moZraoba qalebis emansipaciisTvis mimarTulia im
sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli diskriminaciis aRmofxvrisken, romelsac umetesi qali ganicdis,
da sazogadoebaSi mamakacebis da qalebis ufro Tanaswori monawileobis miRwevisken. amis
Sedegad evropeli qalebisa da mamakacebis umetesi nawili mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba maTi
saukuniswinandeli winamorbedebisgan. qalTa uflebebis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis ZiriTadi
sferoebia:
* ganaTlebis Tanabari xelmisawvdomoba

* didi raodenobiT qalTa gasvla Sromis bazarze
* qalTa ekonomikuri statusi
* Sinauri saqmeebisa da bavSvebze zrunvis ganawileba
* ojaxis struqtura
* axalgazrduli kultura
* axali sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebi
Tumca genderuli Tanasworobis da mis mimarT damokidebulebis mxriv mniSvnelovani progresi

ukve miRweulia, evropaSi jer kidev arsebobs winaaRmdegobebi genderul TanasworobaSi.
ra aris genderi?
sqesi da genderi erTi da igive cnebebi ar aris. sqesi biologiuri faqtia. TiTqmis yvela
adamiani ibadeba biologiurad gansxvavebuli ori tipis adamianad: gogonad an biWad. genderi ki
235
socialuri cnebaa. janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia aRniSnuls Semdegnairad ganmartavs:
`sqesi~ gulisxmobs im biologiur da fiziologiur Tvisebebs, romlebic gansazRvraven qalebs
da mamakacebs.
`genderi~ gulisxmobs socialurad Camoyalibebul rolebs, qcevebs, saqmianobas da im
atributebs, romlebsac konkretuli sazogadoeba mamakacebisTvis da qalebisTvis Sesaferisad
Tvlis.
sxva sityvebiT rom gamovxatoT:
`mamrobiTi~ da `mdedrobiTi~ sqesis kategoriebia, xolo `mamakaci~ da `qali~ _ genderuli
kategoriebia.1
sqesobrivi Taviseburebis zogierTi magaliTi:
* gogonebs menstruacia aqvT, xolo biWebs ara;

* biWebs saTesle jirkvali aqvT, xolo gogonebs ara;
* qalebs SeuZliaT bavSvs ZuZu awovon, xolo mamakacebs ara;
* sqesobrivi momwifebis Semdeg biWebs ufro Zlieri kunTebi uviTardebaT,
vidre gogonebs.
genderuli Taviseburebis zogierTi magaliTi:
* evropaSi qalebi analogiuri samuSaosTvis gacilebiT nakleb anazRaurebas Rebuloben,

vidre mamakacebi;
* bevr qveyanaSi gogonebi ufro mets cekvaven, xolo biWebi fexburTs TamaSoben;
* mTel msoflioSi qalebi da gogonebi ufro metad arian dakavebuli Sinauri saqmeebiT,
vidre mamakacebi da biWebi;
* biWebi ufro xSirad iReben sxeulis dazianebas, vidre gogonebi.
adamianis pirovnebisa da individualobis mniSvnelovani nawili _ genderuli rolebi _

sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis saSualebiT yalibdeba. dRevandel dRes ara mxolod ojaxi,
skola da samuSao adgili axdenen gavlenas amgvar urTierTobebze, aramed masobrivi informaciis
saSualebebic, maT Soris axali sainformacio teqnologiebi, musika da filmebi. rogorc
tradiciuli, aseve amgvari axali urTierTobebi xels uwyoben genderuli stereotipebis
SenarCunebas da gadacemas.
genderuli Tanasworoba jer Sors aris realobisgan evropaSi
tradiciul genderul stereotipebs Rrma fesvebi aqvs gadgmuli evropis kulturaSi da isini
yovedRiur cxovrebaSi vlindeba. amis Sedegad mamakacebsa da qalebs jer kidev araTanabari
SesaZleblobebi aqvT. brita leJonma, SvedeTis demokratiisa da axalgazrdobis yofilma
ministrma, prezentaciaSi TvalsaCinod warmoadgina, Tu ramdenad realuria aRniSnuli
uTanasworoba evropis axalgazrdebSi:
* axalgazrda mamakacebi daaxloebiT 20%-iT met anazRaurebas Rebuloben,

vidre axalgazrda qalebi;
* roca axalgazrda mamakacebi da qalebi erTad cxovroben, qalebi mamakacebTan SedarebiT
orjer metad arian dakavebuli Sinauri saqmeebiT;
* axalgazrda mamebis Zalian mcire ricxvi iRebs dekretul Svebulebas im qveynebSi,
sadac es SesaZlebelia.2
qalebTan SedarebiT jer kidev ufro meti mamakacebi iReben ZiriTad gadawyvetilebebs.
ramdenime pozitiuri RonisZiebis miuxedavad, qalebis monawileobis wili politikaSi jer kidev
Zalian dabalia: evropaSi parlamentarTa mxolod 21% modis qalebze, es procenti TurqeTSi
4.4%-dan SvedeTSi 45%-mde meryeobs.3 vinaidan mamakacebs ZiriTadi roli ukaviaT politikaSi,
finansur samyaroSi da masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi, maT aqvT SesaZlebloba, SeimuSaon
politikuri programebi da sajarod isaubron maT Sesaxeb. zogadad, mamakacebi jer kidev
iTvlebian adamianis qcevis stereotipad da standartad.
236
genderuli stereotipebi
sazogadoebis bevri instituti ganamtkicebs tradiciul genderul stereotipebs. magaliTad,

masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi qalebi upiratesad Cndebian moqmedebis obieqtis, msxverplis
da movaleobis droebiT Semsruleblebis rolSi, xolo mamakacebs Semoqmed, Zlier, Wkvian da
iniciativian adamianebad warmoaCenen. maSin, roca media aSuqebs mamakacis Zalas da miRwevebs,
qals, Zalze warmatebulsac ki, pirvel rigSi garegnobiT afaseben. amgvari saSualebiT media,
romelSic Sedis televizia, radio, saxelmZRvaneloebi, sabavSvo wignebi, Jurnalebi, filmebi da
eleqtronuli komunikaciis bevri forma, inarCunebs da avrcelebs streotipebs mamakacebis da
qalebis Sesaxeb.
pasuxismgebloba genderuli stereotipebis ganmtkicebaze, mediis msgvasad, ojaxs, skolebsa
da Tavisufali drois gasatarebel centrebsac awevT. uaxlesi gamokvleva gviCvenebs, rom
maswavleblebi biWebs ufro xSirad afaseben pozitiurad, Tu isini dinamikurebi, agresiulebi,
damoukideblebi, cnobiswadiliT aRsavseni da konkurentulebi arian, xolo gogonebi xSirad
dadebiT Sefasebas maSin Rebuloben, Tu isini morCilebi, keTili, nazi, pasiuri da TemisTvis
pozitiurebi arian.4 imis gamo, rom amgvari genderuli stereotipebi ZiriTadad skolis wlebSi
yalibdeba, bevri gogona veRar axerxebs damoukidebel qmedebas, konkurenciaSi CarTvas da
sazogadoebriv Tu saxelmwifo samsaxurSi wasvlas.5 is gogonebi, romlebic ar Seesabamabian
miRebul stereotipebs, SeiZleba kritikis, ostrakizmisa da Zaladobis msxverplic ki gaxdnen.
tradiciul genderul stereotipebs zianis motana SeuZlia rogorc biWebisTvis, aseve
gogonebisTvis. stereotipuli mamakacis mimarT arsebuli molodini Zalisa da konkurenciis
gamovlinebis TvalsazrisiT xSirad konfliqtSi modis biWis yoveldRiur gamocdilebasTan
– magaliTad, aratipiur ojaxebSi cxovrebis, mamakacebs Soris umuSevrobis an sazogadoebis
yvela sferoSi qalebis mzardi monawileobis SemTxvevebSi. amgvarma konfliqtebma SeiZleba
daabrkolos biWis genderuli identifikaciis ganviTareba. biWebi, romlebic ar ergebian tipiur
mamrobiT stereotipebs, SeiZleba e.w. `fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebis~ (daSinebis,
dacinvis), gariyvis da diskriminaciis msxverplni gaxdnen.
kiTxva: ramdenad Seesabameba Cveni sazogadoeba tradiciul genderul stereotipebs? ra

gavlenas axdens aRniSnuli stereotipebi bavSvis cxovrebaze? Tqvens cxovrebaze?
genderuli niSniT Zaladoba
genderuli niSniT Zaladoba aris termini, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes Zaladobis
nebismieri formisTvis, iqneba es fizikuri, seqsualuri, fsiqologiuri, ekonomikuri Tu
socialur-kulturuli, romelsac uaryofiTi gavlena aqvs adamianis fizikur Tu fsiqologiur
janmrTelobaze, ganviTarebaze da identurobaze da romelic genderuli uTanasworobis Sedegs
warmoadgens, rac, Tavis mxriv, emyareba qalebsa da mamkacebs Soris gansxvavebebs. genderuli
niSniT Zaladobam SeiZleba gavlena iqonos rogorc mamakacebze, aseve qalebze, magram is
araproporciulad did zegavlenas axdens qalebsa da gogonebze da amitom genderuli niSniT
Zaladoba xSirad dayvanilia terminamde `Zaladoba qalebis mimarT~.
genderuli niSniT Zaladoba yvela qveyanaSi gvxvdeba da igi scildeba kulturis, klasis,
ganaTlebis, eTnikuri da socialuri warmomavlobis farglebs. magaliTad, statistika gviCvenebs,
rom evropaSi 12%-dan 15%-mde gogonebi da qalebi sakuTari ojaxis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi
Zaladobis winaSe dgas.6 fizikuri/fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba da seqsualuri Zaladoba qalebis
mimarT aseve aqtualuria sxvadasxva garemoSi, maT Soris saswavlo dawesebulebebSi da samuSao
adgilebze.
Tumca, rasakvirvelia, genderuli niSniT Zaladoba mamakacebzec axdens zegavlenas. magaliTad,
biWebi da mamakacebi, romlebsac ara aqvT tradiciuli `mamakacuri Rirsebebi~, dacinvas da
Zaladobas ganicdian. msgavsad, homoseqsualebi da lesboselebi aseve xSirad xdebian fizikuri
Tu sityvieri Zaladobis msxverplni, gansakuTrebiT skolebSi, sadac bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi
pirvelad igeben xolme seqsualobis Sesaxeb.
genderuli niSniT Zaladoba seriozul dabrkolebas uqmnis qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris
Tanasworobas da adamianis uflebebis darRvevas warmoadgens. genderuli Zaladoba, Cveulebriv,
xSirad xorcieldeba msxverplis axloblebis mier. magram saxelmwifo dawesebulebebs ZiriTadi
roli da pasuxismgebloba akisriaT msxverplis winaSe _ maT yvela Rone unda ixmaron Zaladobis
yvelanairi formis Tavidan asacileblad. am miznis misaRwevad adamianis uflebaTa erT-erT
yvelaze mniSvnelovan dokuments warmoadgens qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris
saerTaSoriso konvencia, romlis monawile amJamad 185 qveyanaa.
gaero-s gancxadebiT, àRniSnuli konvencia warmoadgens bazas qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris
237
Tanasworobis dasamkvidreblad qalebisTvis politikur da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi
Tanabari xelmisawvdomobis, Tanabari SesaZleblobebis, maT Soris xmis uflebisa da arCevnebSi
monawileobis, agreTve ganaTlebis, jandacvisa da dasaqmebis uzrunvelyofis meSveobiT. wevri
saxelmwifoebi Tanxmdebian, miiRon yvela saWiro zoma, rogorc sakanonmdeblo, aseve specialuri
droebiTi, raTa qalebma SeZlon yvela sakuTari uflebiTa da ZiriTadi TavisuflebiT
sargebloba~.7
ra aris genderuli ganaTleba?

genderuli ganaTleba, gansakuTrebiT Tu is rogorc biWebis, aseve gogonebisTvis
aris gankuTvnili, Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi SeiZleba dadebiT Zalad iqces genderuli
Tanasworobis dasamyareblad. is eZebs gzebs, raTa Secvalos rolebi, romlebsac gogonebi da
biWebi, aseve qalebi da mamakacebi asruleben rogorc pirad, aseve sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.
genderuli stereotipebis Semcirebis gziT genderuli ganaTleba exmareba bavSvebs WeSmariti
samoqalaqo Tanasworobis mSeneblobaSi, rodesac mamakacebi da qalebi TanamSromlobasa da
erTmaneTis mimarT pativiscemaze damyarebul garemoSi icxovreben.
genderuli ganaTleba genderul sakiTxebze informirebulobis gazrdiT iwyeba. es niSnavs
genderuli stereotipebis negatiuri zegavlenis aRiarebas da im uTanasworobaTa aRmofxvras,
romlebsac es stereotipebi warmoqmnis.8 genderuli ganaTlebis Sedegad gogonebi sakuTar TavSi
met Tavdajerebulobas da damoukideblobas iZenen da ebmebian sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, biWebi
ki Zleven warumateblobis SiSs, swavloben, rogor unda iyvnen naklebad agresiulebi, ufro
komunikabelurebi da pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavseni da ufro metad ebmebian Sinaur cxovrebaSi.
genderuli ganaTlebis mniSvnelovani funqciaa, moxdes faqtebisa da Sexedulebebis
gansxvaveba. moTxrobebis an sakuTari aqtivobebis analizis Sedegad bavSvebi ucbadve normalurad
aRiqvamen imas, rom gogonebi SeiZleba `biWurad~ moiqcnen, biWebi ki SeiZleba mgrZnobiareni da
sustebi iyvnen. saWiroa, rom yvela bavSvma sakuTari Tavi mravalmxriv da unikalur pirovnebad
CaTvalos, romelsac mTeli rigi Taviseburebebi aqvs. stereotipebma da Cakirulma genderulma
molodinebma ki SeiZleba xeli SeuSalon individualur ganviTarebas da biWebis da gogonebis
sruli potencialis realizebas.
genderuli ganaTleba mudmivi procesia, romelic ar SeiZleba Semoifarglos konkretuli
saswavlo saqmianobiT. pedagogebma Tavi unda aaridon genderul stereotipul savarjiSoebs
adreuli asakidan da uzrunvelyon, rom biWebsa da gogonebs erTnairi SesaZleblobebi
hqondeT nebismier saqmianobaSi monawileobisTvis da urTierTkavSirisTvis. saWiroa gogonebis
stimulireba, raTa maT aqtiuri monawileoba miiRon saswavlo mecadineobebSic da sportSic,
xolo biWebma monawileoba unda miiRon mzrunvelobiT aqtivobebSi. gogonebsac da biWebsac
unda mieceT stimuli, rom monawileoba miiRon yvela saxis saqmianobaSi, magaliTad, gundSi,
speqtaklebSi an cekvaSi, xis nakeTobaTa damzadebaSi, kulinariaSi, turizmSi da WadrakSi.
gogonebi unda SevaqoT maTi miRwevebisTvis, xolo biWebi _ mzrunvelobisa da solidarobis
gamovlinebisTvis.
genderuli ganaTlebis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani mizania daxmarebis gaweva bavSvebisTvis,
raTa maT aRiaron, Tu socialuri TvalsazrisiT raoden Rirebulia qalebisTvis tradiciulad
damaxasiaTebeli saqmianoba, rogoricaa dedoba, da iseTi Tvisebebi, rogoricaa mzrunveloba,
yuradReba, TanamSromloba da Semwynarebloba. am aRiarebam unda migviyvanos mamakacsa da
qals Soris WeSmarit partniorobamde, romelic genderuli ganaTlebis ZiriTadi mizania.
amgvari saSualebiT bavSvebi swavloben, rom mamakacebis da qalebis sxvadasxva wvlili ojaxSi
an sazogadoebaSi Tanabrad mniSvnelovania da rom qalsac da mamakacsac erTnairi uflebebi da
pasuxismgeblobebi akisriaT.
imisTvis, rom genderuli ganaTleba efeqtiani iyos, ganaTlebis muSakebma unda aRiaron
sakuTari genderuli stereotipebi da dafiqrdnen imaze, asaxavs Tu ara maTi swavlebis meTodebi,
ena da urTierToba biWebsa da gogonebTan genderul Tanasworobas, romlis swavlebasac isini
cdiloben.
evropis sabWo
evropis sabWo Tanasworobas qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris adamianis ZiriTad uflebad

aRiarebs. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-14 muxli acxadebs, rom ùflebebiTa da
TavisuflebebiT sargebloba uzrunvelyofilia yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe ganurCevlad
sqesis, rasis, kanis feris, enis, religiis, politikuri Tu sxva Sexedulebebis...~. es muxli iZleva
238
safuZvels organizaciis farTo saqmianobisTvis. pasuxismgebeli organo am sferoSi aris
qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris Tanasworobis saorganizacio komiteti, romelic aanalizebs,
swavlobs, afasebs, gansazRvravs strategiebs da politikur nabijebs da, rodesac aucilebelia,
iRebs gadawyvetilebas saWiro samarTlebrivi instrumentebis Sesaxeb.9
informirebulobis gazrdis da iseTi kampaniis saSualebiT, rogoricaa kampania `bolo
movuRoT qalebis mimarT ojaxur Zaladobas~10, evropis sabWo aqtiurad exmaureba Zaladobas
genderuli niSniT. evropis sabWos programa àvaSenoT evropa bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan erTad~
gamiznulia bavSvis mimarT seqsualuri Zaladobis sxvadasxva formis _ incestis, pornografiis,
prostituciis, adamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) da TanatolTa Soris seqsualuri Zaladobis
_ winaaRmdeg.11
savaldebulo Zalis mqone pirveli saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi dokumenti, romelic

krZalavs qalebis diskriminacias da moiTxovs mTavrobebisgan, miiRon zomebi qalebisa da
mamakacebis Tanasworobis sasargeblod, aris qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris
saerTaSoriso konvencia12. aRniSnuli konvenciis ZalaSi Sesvlis dRidan (1981 wels) igi
safuZvlad daedo qalTa ZiriTad uflebebs politikaSi, jandacvaSi, ganaTlebaSi, samarTalSi,
sakuTrebaSi, qorwinebasa da ojaxur urTierTobebSi. is qveynebi, romlebmac moaxdines am
konvenciis ratificireba an SeuerTdnen mas, iuridiulad valdebulni arian, ganaxorcielon
misi debulebebi. isini aseve valdebulni arian, sul mcire oTx weliwadSi erTxel warmoadginon
angariSebi im zomebis Sesaxeb, romlebic ganaxorcieles konvenciiT nakisri valdebulebebis
Sesasruleblad. 2000 wlidan qalebs an qalTa jgufebs saSualeba eZlevaT, uflebaTa darRvevis
Sesaxeb saCivrebi Seitanon qalTa diskriminaciis sawinaaRmdego komitetSi, romelsac seriozuli
da sistematuri darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi gamoZiebis dawyeba SeuZlia.
kiTxva: aris Tu ara Tqveni qveyana qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris
saerTaSoriso konvenciis monawile? Tu aris, rodis waradgina man bolo angariSi? xom ar
warmoudgenia romelime jgufs alternatiuli angariSi, romelSic Tqveni mTavrobis mier
moyvanili faqtebis sawinaaRmdego Sexedulebebi iyo Sesuli? SeecadeT, gaarkvioT es sakiTxi!
2000 wels gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciam wamoiwyo programa àTaswleulis ganviTarebis

miznebi~13. erT-erTi mizania `genderuli uTanasworobis aRmofxvra dawyebiT da saSualo
ganaTlebaSi, sasurvelia 2005 wlisTvis, da yvela doneze 2015 wlisTvis~. aRniSnuli programa
aqtualuria evropisTvis, sadac ganaTlebis Tanabari xelmisawvdomoba da gogonebis sruli
monawileoba gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi jer kidev ar aris realoba.

bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-2 muxli acxadebs, rom uzrunvelyofili unda iyos konvenciaSi
garantirebuli uflebebi yovelgvari, maT Soris bavSvis sqesis niSniT, diskriminaciis gareSe. me-
18 muxli miznad isaxavs ojaxSi da bavSvebze zrunvaSi mSoblebis rolis dabalansebas, aRiarebs
orive mSoblis saerTo da Tanabari pasuxismgeblobis princips bavSvebis aRzrdaSi da mouwodebs
maT, mudam gaiTvaliswinon, Tu ra aris saukeTeso maTi bavSvisTvis.
239
--------------------------------
sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Åkerlund, Pia, Girls’ Power: A compilation from the conference on gender equality: Swedish National Board for
Youth Affairs, Stockholm, 2000
* The Council of Europe Campaign to Combat Violence against Women, Including Domestic Violence, Fact
sheet: Council of Europe, 2006:
www.coe.int/t/dg2/equality/domesticviolencecampaign/source/PDF_FS_Violence_Campaign_rev_E.pdf
* Domestic Violence against Women and Girls: UNICEF, Innocenti Centre, Florence, 2000: www.unicef-icdc.
org/publications/pdf/digest6e.pdf
* Gender Matters – A manual on addressing gender-based violence with young people: Council of Europe, 2007
* Making Rights Reality, Gender awareness workshops: Amnesty International, 2004:
http://web.amnesty.org/library/pdf/ACT770352004ENGLISH/$File/ACT7703504.pdf
* Promoting Gender Mainstreaming in Schools, Final Report of the Group of Specialist. EG-S-GS (2004) RAP
FIN Council of Europe, 2004:
www.coe.int/T/E/Human_Rights/Equality/PDF_EG-S-GS(2004)_E.pdf
* Sex-Disaggregated Statistics on the Participation of Women and Men in Political and Public Decision making
in Council of Europe member states, Steering Committee for Equality between Women and Men (CDEG): Doc. CDEG
(2006) 15 , Council of Europe, 2006: www.coe.int/t/e/human_rights/equality/1PDF_CDEG(2006)15_E.pdf
* Thun, Eva, Gender Stereotypes in the School, Hírnok Feminist webportal, Hungary 2002
--------------------------------
* àvaSenoT evropa bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan erTad~:
www.coe.int/t/transversalprojects/children/violence/sexualAbuse_en.asp
* `Tanasworoba qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris~: www.coe.int/T/e/human_rights/equality
* `bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladoba ... tkivili, romelic maT mTeli cxovreba gahyveba~:
evropis sabWo:
www.coe.int/t/transversalprojects/children/violence/sexualAbuse_en.asp
* `bolo movuRoT qalebis mimarT ojaxSi Zaladobas~:
www.coe.int/t/dc/campaign/stopviolence/default_en.asp
* `bolo movuRoT qalebis mimarT Zaladobas~:
http://web.amnesty.org/actforwomen/index-eng
* gaero-s `qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris saerTaSoriso konvencia~:
www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw
* gaero-s ganviTarebis fondi qalebisTvis: www.unifem.org
* gaero-s àTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebi~: www.un.org/millenniumgoals
* àxalgazrda qalebi umciresobaTa jgufebidan~: www.scas.acad.bg/WFM/default.htm
* `ra igulisxmeba sityvebiT `sqesi~ da `genderi~? janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia:
www.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en
--------------------------------
1 See ‘What do we mean by “sex” and “gender”?’ www.who.int/gender/whatisgender/en
2 Lejon, Britta quoted in Åkerlund, Pia, Girls’ Power: A compilation from the conference on gender equality: Swedish
National Board for Youth Affairs, Stockholm, 2000
3 Sex-disaggregated statistics on the participation of women and men in political and public decision making in
Council of Europe member states, Steering Committee for Equality between Women and Men (CDEG), Doc. CDEG
(2006) 15: Council of Europe, 2006
4 Thun, Eva, Gender Stereotypes in the School, Hírnok Feminist webportal, Hungary, 2002
5 Promoting Gender Mainstreaming in Schools, Final Report of Group of Specialists EG-S-GS (2004) RAP FIN,
Council of Europe, 2004
6 The Council of Europe Campaign to Combat Violence against Women, including Domestic Violence, Fact sheet:
Council of Europe, 2006
7 www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw
8 Making Rights a Reality: Gender awareness workshops, Amnesty International, 2004, p. 61
9 See Equality Between Women and Men: www.coe.int/T/e/human_rights/equality
10 See Stop Domestic Violence against Women: www.coe.int/t/dc/campaign/stopviolence/default_en.asp
11 See Sexual Abuse for Children…hurt for life: www.coe.int/t/transversalprojects/children/violence/sexualAbuse_
en.asp
12 See Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: www.un.org/womenwatch/
daw/cedaw
13 See UN Millenium Development Goals: www.un.org/millenniumgoals
240
8. janmrTelobis dacva da socialuri uzrunvelyofa
`janmrTelobis dacva politikur-ekonomikuri sakiTxicaa~
janmrTelobis dacva adamianis erT-erTi fundamenturi uflebaa. janmrTelobis dacvis

ufleba gulisxmobs, rom sazogadoebis yvela wevrisTvis Tanabrad xelmisawvdomia jandacva,
samedicino momsaxureba, janmrTeli sakvebi, sufTa wyali, sanitaruli servisebi da fsiqikuri
janmrTelobis dacva. janmrTelobis dacvis ufleba Zireulad aris urTierTdakavSirebuli
adamianis sxva uflebebTan, maT Soris iseT uflebebTan, rogoricaa socialuri dazRveva,
Tavisufali dro da gantvirTva, gansakuTrebiT ki, adekvaturi sacxovrebeli pirobebis
qona. erTis mxriv, adamianis uflebebis darRvevam SesaZloa seriozuli gavlena moaxdinos
janmrTelobis mdgomareobaze (mag: mavne wes-Cveulebebi, trefikingi, wameba, arahumanuri da
damamcirebeli mopyroba, Zaladoba). meores mxriv, adamianis uflebebis pativiscemis, dacvis
da SesrulebisTvis gadadgmul nabijebs dadebiTi zegavlena aqvT adamianTa janmrTelobaze
(magaliTad, diskriminaciisgan dacva, adekvaturi sacxovrebeli pirobebi, ganaTleba).
jandacva aseve warmoadgens politikur da ekonomikur sakiTxs, vinaidan, uTanasworobasa da
siRaribes Tan sdevs avadmyofoba da janmrTelobis gauareseba. janmrTelobis Sesaxeb 2005 wlis
msoflio angariSis Tanaxmad ukiduresi siRaribe sikvdilianobis umTavresi mizezia1 mTels
msoflioSi. amgvarad, angariSSi dasaxuli amocanebi, romlebic ebrZvis siRaribis yovelgvar
gamovlinebas, miznad isaxavs siRaribesa da sust janmrTelobas Soris arsebuli mankieri wris
garRvevas.2
kiTxva: ramdenad axdens zegavlenas diskriminacia da siRaribe im bavSvebze, romlebTanac

Tqven muSaobT?
bavSvebs ufleba aqvT, miiRon specialuri dacva, raTa ganviTarebis am kritikul etapze
isargeblon am uflebebiT. karg janmrTelobaze bavSvis uflebis dacva moicavs prevenciul
mzrunvelobas da ganaTlebas jandacvis sakiTxebze, aseve Seuracxyofisa da eqspluataciisgan
dacvas da Semdgom reabilitacias.
241
janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi evropeli bavSvebisTvis
evropeli bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis uflebebsa da keTildReobas ukavSirdeba ramdenime

sakiTxi janmrTelobis sferoSi.
gadamdebi daavadebebi
bavSvebs sWirdebaT dacva nebismieri saxis daavadebisgan. am dacvis safuZvelia dedisa da

bavSvis janmrTelobaze zrunva, kargi kveba da vaqcinacia. prioritetulia aseve tuberkulozis
kontroli, antibiotikebisadmi daavadebebis rezistentulobis gavrcelebis Semcireba,
mzard daavadebebTan brZola da samedicino ganaTleba. bavSvebi, romlebic arian seqsualuri
eqspluataciis msxverplni, SeiZleba daavaddnen aiv infeqciiT an sxva sqesobrivad gadamdebi
daavadebebiT.
fsiqikuri janmrTeloba
janmrTeloba ar aris mxolod fizikuri da samedicino sakiTxi. evropis qveynebis mozardTa

10%-dan 20%-s savaraudod erTi an ramdenime fsiqikuri an qceviTi problema aqvs.3 fsiqikuri
janmrTelobis darRvevebi bavSvebsa da mozardebSi seriozul dabrkolebas warmoadgens maTi
azrovnebis, mgrZnobelobisa da qcevis ganviTarebisTvis. maSin, rodesac gonebrivi CamorCena
SesaZlebelia Tandayolili iyos, igi aseve SeiZleba ganviTardes uaryofiTi cxovrebiseuli
gamocdilebis Sedegad. bavSvebs, romlebic ganicdian mzrunvelobis naklebobas, yoveldRiurad
xdebian ojaxuri konfliqtebis mowme an arian fizikuri an fsiqologiuri Zaladobis,
diskriminaciis an Cagvris msxverplni skolaSi, xSirad uyalibdebaT dabali TviTSefasebis
unari da maTi saskolo momzadebis done dabalia. ganviTarebul qveynebSi yvelaze farTod
gavrcelebuli gonebrivi darRvevebia: yuradRebis gafantuloba, SfoTva, gulgatexiloba,
kvebiTi darRvevebi (anoreqsia da bulimia), TviTdazianebis survili, narkotikuli da
alkoholuri nivTierebebis moxmareba, Zaladoba, depresia da TviTmkvlelobac ki. 12-17 wlis
asakis mozardTa TiTqmis 4%, xolo 18 wlis axalgazrdebis 9% ganicdis depresias, romelic
yvelaze dominanturi darRvevaa da xasiaTdeba Sedegebis farTo speqtriT.4 umetes SemTxvevaSi
fsiqo-socialurad unarSezRuduli bavSvebi saWiroeben raime saxis fsiqologiur mkurnalobas,
magram didi daxmarebis gaweva SeuZliaT aseve maT pedagogebsac. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba,
CarTuloba da xelSemwyobi sganmanaTleblo garemo xels uwyobs maTi problemebis gadaWrisa da
socialuri aqtivobis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebaSi.
Warbwonianoba
simsuqne yvelaze gavrcelebuli darRvevaa bavSvebSi evropis teritoriaze: bavSvebis TiTqmis

20%-s Warbi wona aqvs, xolo maTi mesamedi iTvleba msuqnad. dasavleT evropis ramdenime qveyanaSi
Warbwonianobis maCvenebeli 1980-iani wlebis dasawyisidan 1990-iani wlebis bolosTvis 10%-
dan 20%-mde gaizarda. ramdenadme dabali maCveneblebia centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis
qveynebSi.5
simsuqne, rogorc 21-e saukunis sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis erT-erTi udidesi problemaa,
gansakuTrebul safrTxes warmoadgens bavSvebisTvis. samxreT evropis zogierT regionSi yoveli
mesame bavSvi Warbwoniania. keTdeba prognozebi, rom 2010 wlisTvis yoveli meaTe bavSvi anu
mTliani mosaxleobis aTi procenti gaxdeba zedmeti wonis msxverpli, rac mTlianobaSi Seadgens
TxuTmet milion Warbwonian bavSvs da mozards. aseT bavSvebSi gacilebiT maRalia ori tipis
diabetis, hipertenziis, Zilisa da fsiqologiuri problemebis ganviTarebis riski. ufro metic,
Warbwoniani bavSvebis umravlesoba aseTived rCeba siymawyileSic, ris gamoc maT uviTardebaT
ufro seriozuli daavadebebi, romlebic sabolood safrTxes uqmnian maTi sicocxlis xarisxsa
da xangrZlivobas.
aRiarebs ra, rom Warbi wona sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobisTvis umTavresi safrTxea,
janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciis evropis regionalurma ofisma es problema Tavis samuSao
prioritetad miiCnia momdevno wlebSi. 2006 wels ministrebis doneze Catarebuli konferencia
miznad isaxavda problemis Sesaxeb informirebulobis donis amaRlebas regionSi da politikuri
valdebulebebis gansazRvras misi daZlevisTvis.6
Warbi wonis problemis dasaZlevad bavSvebma yoveldRiurad unda Seasrulon fizikuri
varjiSebi da daicvan janmrTeli dieta, romelSic Sedis xili, bostneuli da marcvleuli da
Tavi Seikavon xorcis, cximebisa da Saqris moxmarebisgan.
242
alkoholi, narkotikebi da Tambaqo
sul ufro mcire asakis axalgazrdebis mier alkoholis moxmarebis bolodroindeli zrda
SemaSfoTebeli tendenciaa evropis bevr wevr saxelmwifoSi, sadac 15 wlis asakis mozardTa
TiTqmis 30% sistematiurad moixmars alkoholur sasmels.7 evropis regionSi yovelwliurad
alkoholi xdeba 55 000 axalgazrdis sikvdilis mizezi, romelTa Soris 15-dan 29 wlamde
axalgazrda evropeli mamakacebis sikvdilis yoveli meoTxe SemTxveva ukavSirdeba alkohols.
Tambaqos mowevis done kvlavac maRalia evropis qveynebSi. ufro meti bavSvi iwyebs mowevas
adreul asakSi. ufrosi mwevelebis TiTqmis 80%-ma moweva daiwyo Tvramet wlamde asakSi, xolo
statistikis mixedviT kviris ganmavlobaSi mwevelebis ricxvi Sedgeba 11-57% vaJebisa da 12-67%
gogonebisgan, romelTa asaki TxuTmeti welia da romelTa umravlesoba yoveldRiurad moixmars
Tabmaqos. maSin, rodesac aRmosavleT evropaSi Txutmeti wlis asakSi ufro meti vaJi eweva, vidre
gogona, sapirispiro mdgomareobaa regionis CrdiloeT da dasavleT nawilebSi.8
bavSvebis 50%-ze meti pasiuri mowevis msxverplia rogorc saxlSi, ise sxva daxurul
sivrceSi, rogoricaa manqana, skola da sxva sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebi. Tambaqos
zemoqmedeba bavSvze pirdapir kavSirSia mwvave respiratorul daavadebebTan, rogoricaa asTma
da filtvebis daqveiTebuli funqcia, ramac SeiZleba Tavi iCinos siyrmis asakSi da gagrZeldes
mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi. ufrosi asakis mwevelTa 80%-ma moweva daiwyo 18 wlamde asakSi,
xolo statistikis mixedviT garkveul qveynebSi 15 wlis mozardebis procentuli maCvenebeli,
romlebic ewevian minimum kviraSi erTxel, 57%-s aRwevs vaJebSi (aRmosavleT evropaSi) da 67%-s
gogonebSi (ZiriTadad evropis CrdiloeT da dasavleT nawilebSi).9
rogorc Cans, narkotikuli da alkoholuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis `Cveuleriv~ an `banalur~
ambad miCneva mzardi tendenciaa, rac gavlenas axdens am sakiTxis mimarT damokidebulebasa da
am nivTierebebis moxmarebis formebze. gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, evropel axalgazrdebs Soris
SeimCneva intoqsikaciis mimarT meti tolerantoba da mowonebac ki.10
unarSezRuduloba da specialuri saWiroebebi
termini ùnarSezRuduloba~ moicavs janmrTelobis mdgomareobis farTo speqtrs, zomieridan

mwvave darRvevebamde, romlebic TvalnaTelia (mag: sibrmave, siyrue, gonebrivi CamorCeniloba,
moZraobis SezRudva). `specialuri saWiroebebi~, rac gulisxmobs naklebad rTul mdgomareobas,
SeiZleba ar iyos TvalnaTeli da manam ar gamovlindes, sanam bavSvi skolis asaks ar miaRwevs.
`specialuri saWiroebebi~ moicavs swavlasTan dakavSirebul SezRudvebs da amasTan asocirebul
qceviT darRvevebs. savaraudod msoflios mosaxleobis 20% unarSezRudulobis msxverplia
pirdapir an arapirdapir, ojaxis wevrebis da momvlelebis saxiT.
istoriis xangrZlivi periodis manZilze unarSezRudul bavSvebs malavdnen sazogadoebisgan,
risTvisac maT aTavsebdnen msxvil instituciur dawesebulebebSi. Tumca, damokidebulebebi
da politika icvleba imis aRiarebisken, rom unarSezRuduli bavSvebis movlis saukeTeso gza
aris maTi sakuTar ojaxebSi cxovreba, sazogadoebrivi mxardaWera da sxva bavSvebTan erTad
Cveulebriv skolebSi swavla. saqme is aris, rom unarSezRuduli bavSvebis mimarT mopyroba
iseTive unda iyos, rogorc yvela sxva bavSvis mimarT, raTa isini Camoyalibdnen ojaxis wevrebad
da gauCndeT ndoba TavianTi mSoblebisa da da-Zmebis, naTesavebisa da megobrebis mimarT.
warsulSi iTvleboda, rom unarSezRudul bavSvebs sWirdebaT, ase vTqvaT, `gamosworeba~,
anu iseTi samedicino modeli, romelic orientirebulia imaze, Tu risi gakeTeba ar SeuZlia
bavSvs da risi kompensireba SeiZleba mkurnalobis kursis saSualebiT. magram aseTi midgomiT
xdeba imis ugulvebelyofa, rom sxva yvela bavSvis msgavsad, unarSezRuduli bavSvebic aseve
aqtiurebi, emociurebi da gamorCeuli patara arsebebi arian, Tavisi piradi individualuri
SesaZleblobebiTa da TvisebebiT, romelTac Tavi unda igrZnon ojaxis da farTo sazogadoebis
wevrebad. amgvarad, srulad ganviTarebisTvis maT ojaxur da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi CarTvis
iseTive SesaZleblobebi unda hqondeT, rogorc nebismier sxva bavSvs.
ra Tqma unda, bevr unarSezRudul bavSvs esaWiroeba farTo speqtris da xangrZlivi samedicino
Careva, agreTve mniSvnelovani daxmareba swavlaSi, risi uflebac yvela bavSvs aqvs. magram
unarSezRuduli bavSvis zogadi janmrTeloba, garda emociuri da fsiqologiuri mdgomareobisa,
moicavs aseve fizikur janmrTelobas. maT ojaxebs sWirdebaT iseTi servisebi, romlebic maT
saSualebas miscems, izrunon unarSezRudul bavSvze yoveldRiur ojaxur cxovrebaSi.
amisda miuxedavad, damokidebuleba unarSezRudulobis mimarT Znelad icvleba. erTis
mxriv, ukanasknel periodSi gaero-s bavSvTa fondis mier gamocemulma angariSma aCvena, rom
centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi unarSezRudulobis statusis matarebel bavSvTa ricxvi
samjer gaizarda 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisidan, rac mianiSnebs unarSezRudulobis faqtis
mzard aRiarebasa da daSvebaze, da ara unarSezRuduli adamianebis raodenobis mniSvnelovan
zrdaze. aseTi mzardi aRiarebis miuxedavad, `specializebuli ganaTleba~ am regionSi kvlav
243
rCeba dominantur da zogad politikad.11 unarSezRuduli bavSvebis daxmarebisTvis miRebuli
specialuri zomebi SeiZleba Zalian aqtualuri da gamarTlebuli iyos. samwuxarod, aRmosavleT
evropaSi zogjer arasworad xdeba `specialuri ganaTlebis~ gamoyeneba, ris Sedegadac adgili
aqvs izolacias.
aseve ixileT msjeloba unarSezRuduli adamianebis mimarT diskriminaciis sakiTxze Tema
`diskriminacia~, gv. 214.
kiTxva: iReben Tu ara is bavSvebi, romelTanac Tqven muSaobT, karg samedicino momsaxurebas?
Tu ara, ramdenad axdens es gavlenas maT cxovrebasa da ganviTarebaze? ra aris saWiro imisTvis,
rom maT isargeblon am ZiriTadi uflebiT?
ganaTleba jandacvis sakiTxebze
jandacvis sakiTxebze ganaTlebis umTavresi mizani aris dadebiTi damokidebulebebis da

praqtikuli meTodebis warmoCena. bavSvebs SeuZliaT gaaTviTcnobieron, rom pasuxs ageben
sakuTar janmrTelobaze, rogorc individebi da ojaxisa da farTo sazogadoebis wevrebi.
ukeTesi janmrTelobiT maT SeuZliaT gaiumjobeson sakuTari da sxvaTa cxovrebac. efeqturi
ganaTleba jandacvis sakiTxebSi aZlevs bavSvs saswavlo gamocdilebas, romelic mxars uWers
gaTviTcnobierebulobas, dadebiT damokidebulebebs da xangrZliv praqtikul rCevebs
janrTelobis kritikul sakiTxebze. amaSi Sedis emociuri janmrTeloba da pozitiuri imijis
Seqmna; adamianis sxeulis pativiscemisa da movlis aucilebloba; fizikuri formis SenarCuneba;
iseTi mavne Cvevebis Sesaxeb informaciis floba, rogoricaa alkoholis, Tambaqos da
narkotikebis moxmareba; swori kveba da usafrTxo seqsualuri kavSirebi. seqsualuri ganaTleba
umniSvnelovanesia TineijerTaTvis, is exmareba maT miiRon informacia janmrTeli sxeulis Sesaxeb
da Tavi daicvan arasasurveli orsulobis, sqesobrivad gadamdebi infeqciebisa da seqsualuri
Zaladobisgan. TanatolTa treiningi gansakuTrebiT adekvaturi da dasafasebelia samedicino
ganaTlebaSi. sxvadasxva sportuli obieqtebis xelmisawvdomoba skolebSi da sazogadoebaSi
umniSvnelovanesi faqtoria bavSvebis stimulirebaSi, rom maT izrunon sakuTar janmrTelobaze
mTeli cxovrebis manZilze. moculobiT da xelSemwyob ganaTlebas SeuZlia efeqturi daxmarebis
gaweva im bavSvebisTvis, romelTac aqvT fsiqikuri janmrTelobis problemebi.
evropis sabWo
evropis socialuri qartia (ganaxlebuli) farTod exeba janmrTelobis sakiTxs me-11

muxlSi, romelic adgens, rom yvelas aqvs ufleba isargeblos nebismieri momsaxurebiT, romelic
saSualebas aZlevs mas SeinarCunos janmrTelobis maqsimalurad kargi done. muxli 13 adgens, rom
`yvelas, visac ar gaaCnia Sesabamisi resursebi, ufleba aqvs, miiRos socialuri da samedicino
daxmareba~.
janmrTelobis dacva aris adamianis fundamenturi ufleba, romelic aRiarebulia

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis 25.1 muxliT, romlis mixedviTac janmrTeloba
dakavSirebulia cxovrebis adekvatur donesTan:
yvelas aqvs ufleba, hqondes cxovrebis iseTi done, sakvebis, tansacmlis, sacxovreblis,
samedicino da saWiro socialuri momsaxurebis CaTvliT, romelic aucilebelia misi da misi
ojaxis janmrTelobisa da keTildReobis SesanarCuneblad, da ufleba uzrunvelyofili
iyos umuSevrobis, avadmyofobis, invalidobis, qvrivobis, moxucebulobis an misgan
damoukidebel garemoebaTa gamo arsebobis saSualebaTa dakargvis sxva SemTxvevaSi.
aRniSnuli muxli aseve aRiarebs bavSvTa uflebas, miiRon `specialuri mzrunveloba da

daxmareba~. es ufleba aseve aRniSnulia adamianis uflebaTa damcvel ramdenime dokumentSi,
rogoricaa ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebaTa saeTaSoriso paqti (muxli 12).
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia detalurad gansazRvravs bavSvis uflebebs janmrTelobasTan
dakavSirebiT bevri sxvadasxva kuTxiT.
244
* me-3 muxlSi, romelic adgens bavSvis WeSmarit interesebs, gansakuTrebiT xazgasmulia
janmrTeloba da usafrTxoeba im dawesebulebebTan, momsaxurebasa da obieqtebTan mimarTebaSi,
romlebic pasuxismgebelni arian bavSvebze zrunvaze.
* zogierTis ganmartebiT, muxli 13, romelic adgens bavSvis uflebas, rom `moiZios,
miiRos da gadasces nebismieri saxis informacia da azri~, moicavs samedicino ganaTlebis
miRebis uflebas, maT Soris reproduqciuli janmrTelobisa da seqsualuri qcevis Sesaxeb
informaciisa.
* muxli 17 aRiarebs masmediis mniSvnelovan rolsa da pasuxismgeblobas bavSvTa fizikuri
da gonebrivi janmrTelobis ganviTarebaSi.
* muxli 23, romelic Seexeba unarSezRudul bavSvTa uflebebs, xazs usvams samedicino
daxmarebis, profilaqtikuli zomebis da socialuri integraciis xelmisawvdomobis mniSvnelobas
bavSvis rogorc fizikuri, ise gonebrivi janmrTelobis ganviTarebisTvis.
* muxli 24 yvelaze konkretulad gansazRvravs bavSvis uflebas janmrTelobis dacvaze da
saxelmwifos valdebulebas mis uzrunvelyofaze. is adgens:
..bavSvis uflebas, isargeblos janmrTelobis dacvis sistemis yvelaze ufro srulyofili

momsaxurebiT da daavadebaTa mkurnalobisa da janmrTelobis aRdgenis saukeTeso
saSualebebiT. monawile saxelmwifoebi cdiloben uzrunvelyon, rom arcerT bavSvs ar
CamoerTvas ufleba, isargeblos janm-rTelobis dacvis sistemis aseTi momsaxurebiT.~
muxli 24 aseve miuTiTebs im sasicocxlo faqtorebze, romlebic gansazRvravs janmrTelobas,

rogoricaa jansaRi sakvebi, sufTa sasmeli wyali da sasargeblo bunebrivi garemo. is xazs usvams
bavSvebisa da maTi mSoblebisTvis janmrTelobis sakiTxebze ganaTlebis mniSvnelobas.
qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb konvenciis me-12 muxlSi
aRniSnulia, rom qalebsa da gogonebs janmrTelobis sferoSi mamakacebisa da vaJebisgan
gansxvavebuli moTxovnebi aqvT, gansakuTrebiT reproduqciuli janmrTelobis kuTxiT.
marTalia, konvencia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa uflebebis Sesaxeb ar
adgens axal uflebebs, is xazs usvams da aRiarebs unarSezRuduli bavSvis uflebas, miiRos ara
mxolod fizikuri janmrTelobis dacvis momsaxureba, aramed aseve adekvaturi sacxovrebeli da
ganaTleba da iyos sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis srulfasovani monawile, rac aucilebelia bavSvis
keTildReobisa da ganviTarebisTvis.
245
...............................................
sasargeblo wyaroebi:
* Atlas of Health in Europe: World Health Organization, 2003:

www.euro.who.int/document/E79876.pdf
* Children and Adolescents’ Health in Europe, Fact Sheet EURO/02/03: World Health Organisation,
2003: www.euro.who.int/document/mediacentre/fs0203e.pdf
* Children’s Health and Environment: Developing National Action Plans, Fourth Ministerial Conference on
Environment and Health, Budapest, 2004:
www.euro.who.int/document/eehc/ebakdoc07.pdf
* Children and Disability in Transition in CEE/CIS: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Florence, 2004:
www.unicef.org/protection/index_28534.html
* The European Health Report 2005: Public health action for healthier children and populations:
World Health Organization, 2005: www.euro.who.int/document/e87325.pdf
* European Strategy for Child and Adolescent Health and Development: World Health Organization, 2005:
www.euro.who.int/document/E87710.pdf
* The Right To Health: World Health Organization, 2002:
www.who.int/bookorders/anglais/detart1.jsp?sesslan=1&codlan=1&codcol=15&codcch=474
* 10 Things You Need to Know about Obesity: Diet and physical activity for health:
WHO European Ministerial Conference on Counteracting Obesity, 2006:
www.euro.who.int/Document/NUT/ObesityConf_10things_Eng.pdf
........................................................
sasargeblo vebgverdebi:
* bavSvTa da mozardTa janmrTeloba da ganviTareba: www.euro.who.int/childhealthdev

* evropis monacemTa baza - janmrTeloba yvelas: www.euro.who.int/hfadb
* janmrTelobis xelSemwyobi skolebis evropuli qseli: www.euro.who.int/enhps
* tendenciebi evropasa da CrdiloeT amerikaSi:
www.unece.org/stats/trend/register.htm#ch6
........................................................
1 The World Health Report 2005: World Health Organisation.

2 Ibid.
3 European Forum on Social Cohesion for Mental Well-being among Adolescents, World Health Organisation,
Regional Office for Europe: www.euro.who.int/PressRoom/pressnotes/20071002_1
4 Ibid.
5 The European Health Report 2005, World Health Organisation, p. 75.
6 Ten Things You Need to Know about Obesity: Diet and physical activity for health: World Health
Organisation European Ministerial
Conference on Counteracting Obesity, 2006.
8 The World Health Report 2005: World Health Organisation.
10 Ibid
11 Children and Disability in Transition in CEE/CIS: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, 2004, p.2.
246
9. media da interneti
evropis sabWo urCevs wevr saxelmwifoebs, SeimuSavon erTiani sganmanaTleblo da saswavlo
momzadebis strategia, romelic xels Seuwyobs bavSvebisa da maTi pedagogebisTvis
uflebebis miniWebas, raTa maT maqsimalurad sasargeblod gamoiyenon sainformacio da
sakomunikacio momsaxurebebi da teqnologiebi...
evropis sabWo, ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia REC (2006) 121
Cvens sazogadoebaSi mediis mniSvneloba imdenad gaizarda, rom xSirad mas `meoTxe
xelisuflebas“ uwodeben msgavsad demokratiis sami tradiciuli _ sakanonmdeblo,
aRmasrulebeli da sasamarTlo _ xelisuflebisa. zogierTi adamiani internet-Jurnalebs
uwodebs mexuTe Zalauflebas, radgan isini sul ufro met konkurencias uweven tradiciul
mediasaSualebebs sakiTxebis win wamowevaSi da asruleben `meTvalyuris~ rols. marTalia
mediis es gazrdili Zalaufleba xels uwyobs adamianTa monawileobis zrdas da informaciis
xelmisawvdomobas, magram mas SeiZleba Tan axldes damaxasiaTebeli safrTxeebi, gansakuTrebiT
bavSvebisTvis. rTul teqnikur unarebs, romlebiTac bavSvi iRebs informacias, SeuZliaT
daucveli gaxadon is qseluri riskebis winaSe.
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis me-19 muxli yvela adamians sityvis Tavisuflebas
aniWebs, rac moicavs aseve informaciisa da azrebis miRebisa da gacvlis uflebas nebismieri
saSualebiT. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Tanaxmad es uflebebi bavSvebzec vrceldeba. sxva
saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi da erovnuli konsituticiebis umetesoba adgens am uflebas da
uzrunvelyofs presis Tavisuflebas, magram amasTanave awesebs garkveul SezRudvebs presisTvis,
raTa daculi iyos adamianTa ufleba pirad cxovrebasa da reputaciaze. konvenciis ori Semdgomi
muxli gansazRvravs bavSvTa uflebebs, miiRon da gascen informacia (muxli 13) da masobrivi
informaciis saSualebebisgan miiRon usafrTxo, sando da gasagebi informacia (muxli 17). es
akisrebs pasuxismgeblobas media saSualebebs, rom bavSvebisTvis gankuTvnili informacia iyos
maTTvis Sesaferisi da gasagebi.
kiTxva: ramdenad axdens media gavlenas im bavSvebze, romlebTanac Tqven muSaobT? ra aris
amis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi?
dResdReobiT masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi, sainformacio da sakomunikacio

teqnologiebi wamyvan rols asruleben bavSvebis cxovrebaSi. yoveldRiurad bavSvebi saaTobiT
sxedan televizoris win, magram kidev ufro met dros atareben kompiuterTan da iyeneben im
247
unarebs, romlebsac advilad swavloben TavianTi Tanatolebisgan. internets isini iyeneben
rom iTamaSon, isaubron, awarmoon internet-dRiurebi, mousminon musikas, ganaTavson TavianTi
suraTebi, moZebnon sxva adamianebi, romelTanac daamyareben urTierTobas onlain reJimSi. imis
gamo, rom axalgazrda da ufrosi Taobebis mediaganaTlebas Soris arsebobs realuri ufskruli,
ufrosebis umravlesobam ar icis ras akeTebs bavSvi internetSi an rogor akeTebs amas.
virtualuri samyaro bavSvs bevr SesaZleblobas sTavazobs, Tumca bevr maxesac ugebs.
eleqtronuli, cifruli da internet-mediis gamoyenebas uamravi dadebiTi Sedegi aqvs bavSvis
ganviTarebaze; is gasarTobia, SemecnebiTia da xels uwyobs socializacias. magram amasTanave, mas
SeuZlia ziani miayenos bavSvs da sazogadoebas, imis mixedviT, Tu rogor xdeba misi gamoyeneba. am
virtualur samyaros iseTive siZlieriT SeuZlia gansazRvros bavSvis cxovreba, rogorc realur
cxovrebas, iseve moiTxovos bavSvisgan moergos situacias, akontrolos Tavisi saqcieli da
hyavdes bevri megobari.
mediasaSualebebiT, gansakuTrebiT ki televiziiT zRvargadasuli gataceba iwvevs uaryofiT
Sedegebs, rac xdeba mSoblebisa da pedagogebis mRelvarebis mizezi da mravali kvlevis sgani:
* televizoris win gatarebuli dro: arsebobs aSkara mtkicebuleba imisa, rom bavSvebi,
romlebic ufro met dros atareben televizorTan, naklebi warmatebiT swavloben skolaSi,
maSin, rodesac im bavSvebs, romelTa ojaxebSic ufro meti yuradRebiT ekidebian eleqtronuli
da beWdviTi mediis gamoyenebis sakiTxs, ufro kargi Sedegebi aqvT skolaSi.2
* Zaladoba: rogor zegavlenas axdens Zaladobrivi Temebi bavSvebze, iqneba es
televizoridan, filmebidan Tu video TamaSebidan? xdis Tu ara es maT ufro agresiulebad?
ufro ugrZnobebad? aqvs Tu ara amas Semasustebeli efeqti? es Sedegebi yvela bavSvSi vlindeba
Tu mxolod ufro daucvel bavSvebSi da mxolod konkretul viTarebebSi?
* momxmarebelTa interesebis dacva: reklama misi sxvadasxvagvari formebiT xSirad
gamxdara kritikis sgani imis gamo, rom is axdens bavSvebiT, xolo maTi saSualebiT ki mSoblebiT
manipulirebas, rom SeiZinon garkveuli sakvebi produqtebi (romlebic xSirad asocirdeba
bavSvTa simsuqnis epidemiasTan), tanisamosi da sawmendi saSualebebic ki saxlisTvis an manqanisa
da mgzavrobisTvis!
* stereotipebi: medias akritikeben socialuri stereotipebis dawesebisTvis,
gansakuTrebiT genderuli funqciebisa da eTnikuri niSnebis TvalsazrisiT.
aRniSnuli problemebis sapasuxod zogierT qveyanaSi akrZalulia reklamis Cveneba sabavSvo
gadacemebis msvlelobisas. zogma qveyanam daawesa egreT wodebuli `komendantis saaTi~, romlis
dawyebamdec akrZalulia Zaladobrivi da pornografiuli siuJetebis Cveneba. garkveul qveynebSi
mSoblebs SeuZliaT SeiZinon filtrebi, raTa aaridon bavSvebs garkveuli programebis yureba.
Tumca, mobiluri telefonebis, mravalricxovani satelevizio arxebisa da internetis axal
teqnologiur xanaSi am zomebis umetesoba araefeqturia.
ufro intensiuri media saSualebebi, rogoricaa interneti da mobiluri telefonebi,
qmnian damatebiT safrTxes bavSvebisTvis: bavSvebs SeuZliaT gascen piradi monacemebi, rac
SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes arasasurveli sareklamo miznebisTvis da xeli Seuwyon internet-
mtaceblebs. zogjer bavSvebi iyeneben arakontrolirebad onlain garemos sxva bavSvebisTvis
sastiki gzavnilebisa da Seuracxmyofeli fotoebis gasagzavnad. virtualuri seqsiT dakaveba
advilia da gansakuTrebiT mavnea, vinaidan internetis saSualebiT ganxorcielebuli aseTi tipis
arajansaRi qceva, rogorc wesi, anonimuria.
informaciis miRebis ufleba dacvis uflebis winaaRmdeg
mediaSi xSirad ganixileba adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sakiTxebi rogorc bavSvis uflebebis
dacvis, ise bavSvis mier informaciis miRebis uflebis TvalsazrisiT. magaliTisTvis:
* xelmisawvdomoba da masTan dakavSirebuli uTanasworobebi. internetis
xelmisawvdomoba ar aris erTnairi yvelasTvis, rac savaraudod xels uwyobs uTanasworobis
grZnobis warmoSobas sxvadasxva socialuri warmomavlobis mqone bavSvebSi. rogor SeiZleba
moixsnas da daregulirdes es `cifruli sxvaoba~?
* Sinaarsis da kontaqtis arasasurveli formebi. ukanasknel periodSi Catarebulma
kvlevam cxadyo, rom 9-dan 19 wlamde axalgazrdebis naxevarze mets, romlebic minimum kviraSi
erTxel sargebloben internetiT, nanaxi aqvs onlain pornografia da umetesad winaswari
ganzraxvis gareSe. zogierT maTganSi es zizRs an mRelvarebas iwvevs, vinaidan aseT gverdebs
Tan axlavs sxva arasasurveli Sinaarsis Semcveli masala, rogoric aris Zaladobis amsaxveli
fotoebi an gverdebi, romlebic mtrulad aris ganwobili adamianTa konkretuli jgufis mimarT.
rogor unda gavumklavdeT am problemas? ramdenad aris dasaSvebi cenzuris daweseba bavSvis mier
mediis xelmisawvdomobaze ise, rom ar SeibRalos misi ufleba informaciis miRebaze? an sxvaTa
ufleba azris gamoxatvaze?
248
* axali ganaTleba internetisa da mediis sferoSi. bavSvebi Cveulebriv Tavs Tvlian – da
ufrosebis mxridanac iTvlebian – ufro gamocdilebad internetiT sargeblobaSi, vidre maTi
mSoblebi, riTic maRldeba maTi TviTSefaseba da socialuri statusi ojaxSi. amisda miuxedavad,
bevr bavSvs aklia imis gamocdileba da goniereba, rom saTanadod Seafasos internetiT nanaxis
Sinaarsi an wyaroebi, informaciis Ziebisa da ganxilvis an sakontaqtod gamoyenebis dros. rogor
SeuZliaT sganmanaTleblo iniciativebs marTon gansxvavebuli moTxovnilebebi bavSvebisa da
ufrosebis media ganaTlebis sferoSi?3
kiTxva: rogor moaxdineT internetiTa da media saSualebebiT sargeblobis daregulireba

ise, rom bavSvebs hqondeT informaciis miRebisa da swavlis maqsimaluri SesaZlebloba? rogor
icavT aseT bavSvebs internetis meSveobiT Seuferebeli masalis miRebisa da eqspluataciisgan?
ganaTleba mediis sferoSi
erT-erTi pasuxi am itxvebze aris bavSvebisTvis saTanado ganaTlebis micema, rom gaxdnen
ufro kritikuli da gamocdili media momxmareblebi da komunikatorebi. mediis Sesaxeb
ganaTlebis mizania miawodos informacia yvela bavSvs da SeZlebisdagvarad, yvela moqalaqes,
mediis mniSvnelobisa da Zalauflebis Sesaxeb. saswavlo meTodebis saSualebiT bavSvebma
unda gaaTviTcnobieron is, rasac xedaven da is, Tu ra gavlena SeiZleba aman moaxdinos maTze.
magaliTad, bavSvebs SeiZleba sTxovon, rom CamoTvalon is Zaladobrivi siuJetebi, romlebsac
gansazRvruli drois periodSi uyureben, gaaanalizon reklamis agitaciuri strategiebi an
moifiqron erTi da imave informaciis gadmocemis sxvadasxva gzebi, raTa mixvdnen, Tu ramdenad
gansxvavebulad SeiZleba realobis aRqmis Seqmna.
gasuli 50 wlis manZilze media ganaTlebaSi sami mniSvnelovani tendencia SeiniSneboda:
* `vaqcinacia~, romlis mizania bavSvebs gamoumuSavdeT imuniteti mediis zegavlenis
mimarT;
* kritikuli azrovneba, romlis mizania bavSvebSi kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba
mediis uaryofiTi Sinaarsis mimarT;
* gaSifvra, romelic ganixilavs medias, rogorc aucilebel saSualebas Tanamedrove
samyaros Sesacnobad da cdilobs daexmaros bavSvebs media produqciis da moxmarebis ekonomikuri
da socialuri konteqstis ukeT gagebaSi da aseve Seaswavlos gzavnilis gaSifvris teqnika.4
am tendenciaTa TanmimdevrobaSi SeiZleba davinaxoT cvlileba bavSvis, rogorc
mediamomxmareblis, aRqmaSi anu daucveli obieqtidan is viTardeba monawile moqalaqed.
axali sainformacio-sakomunikacio teqnologiebis, gansakuTrebiT ki internetis,
ganviTarebis paralelurad aseve viTardeba am media saSualebebis misawvdomobasTan
dakavSirebuli upiratesobebi da safrTxeebi. interneti araCveulebrivi saSualebaa yvela
saxis informaciis misaRebad da Soreul manZilze kontaqtis dasamyareblad. magram ar arsebobs
garantia, rom masSi mowodebuli informacia marTalia da rom kontaqtis damyareba ar moxda avi
ganzraxviT.
amgvarad, mediaganaTleba unda gaZlierdes, xeli Seuwyos bavSvebSi kritikuli azrovnebis
ganviTarebas da am Zlevamosili iaraRis swor aRqmas. mediis Sesaxeb ganaTlebis mizania aseve, rom
bavSvma ufro kargad SeZlos Tavisi ideebis gadacema, radgan is aZlevs SesaZleblobas gamoiyenos
da Seiswavlos sxvadasxva media saSualebebi, maT Soris magidis gamomcemlobis sistema, radio
da telemauwyebloba, internet-gverdebi da internet-Jurnalebi. amave dros, mediaganaTleba
aucilebelia im ufrosebisTvis, romlebic muSaoben bavSvebTan. mSoblebma, maswavleblebma da
sxva pedagogebma unda dauTmon dro da energia imas, rom Seiswavlon da daakvirdnen, Tu rogor
urTierToben da Tanacxovroben maTi bavSvebi.
evropis sabWo iZleva Semdeg rekomendacias mediaganaTlebis Sesaxeb:
acnobierebs ra im risks, romelic dakavSirebulia axal sainformacio da sakomunikacio

garemoSi mavne Sinaarssa da qcevasTan, romelic SeiZleba yovelTvis ar iyos ukanono, magram
SesZlos mavne zemoqmedebis moxdena bavSvis fizikur, emociur da fsiqikur janmrTelobaze,
rogoric aris onlain pornografia, Zaladobisa da mazoxismis gamovlineba da gandideba,
damamcirebeli, diskriminaciuli an rasistuli azrebi an aseTi qcevis umaRlesi gamovlineba
(`grumingi~ – bavSvis ndobis mopoveba da Semdeg gamoyeneba), daSineba, devna da seqsualuri
zewolis sxva formebi... evropis sabWo urCevs wevr-saxelmwifoebs SeimuSavon erTiani
sganmanaTleblo da saswavlo momzadebis strategia, romelic xels Seuwyobs bavSvebisa da
maTi pedagogebisTvis uflebebis miniWebas, raTa maT maqsimalurad sasargeblod gamoiyenon
sainformacio da sakomunikacio servisebi da teqnologiebi...5
249
evropis sabWos mediis ganyofilebas aqvs proeqti, romelic aswavlis, Tu rogor unda SeiZinon
bavSvebma, maTma mSoblebma da pedagogebma `ganviTarebuli sainformacio teqnologiebis mqone
sazogadoebisTvis~ saWiro codna da unarebi. mediis ganyofilebis gamocema - ìnternetis
Semswavleli saxelmZRvanelo: miTiTebebi mSoblebis, maswavleblebis da axalgazrdebisTvis~
iZleva Sesabamis zogad informacias da faqtiur monacemebs am komleqsuri sainformacio da
sakomunikacio qselis Sesaxeb.6
evropis sabWo
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia uzrunvelyofs yvela adamianis uflebas, miiRos

da gadasces informacia da sakuTari mosazrebebi saxelmwifo organoebis mxridan Caurevlobis
garantiiT (muxli 10). es ufleba iseve vrceldeba bavSvebze, rogorc ufrosebze, im gamonaklisiT,
rom bavSvebs ufleba aqvT, iyvnen daculni eqspluataciisa da maTTvis Seuferebeli Zaladobrivi
da pornografiuli masalebis xilvisgan. konvencia aRiarebs amas im valdebulebebTan erTad,
romlebic Tan axlavs uflebas `janmrTelobisa da moraluri principebis dacvis Sesaxeb~. magram
is ar akonkretebs, Tu rogor da vis mier xdeba masalis `Seufereblad~ Sefaseba.
kiberdanaSaulis Sesaxeb konvenciis me-9 muxli Seexeba bavSvTa pornografiasTan
dakavSirebul darRvevebs da adgens, rom wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda miiRon `samarTlebrivi
da sxva zomebi, raTa ukanonod gamocxaddes kompiuteris gamoyenebis garkveuli formebi, maT
Soris bavSvTa pornografiis mizniT~.
informaciis miRebis ufleba warmoadgens adamianis erT-erT ZiriTad uflebas, rac Cadebulia
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis me-19 muxlSi.
yvelas aqvs ufleba hqondes da Tavisuflad gamoxatos Tavisi azri; es ufleba moicavs aseve
Tavisuflebas, rom adamians sxvaTa mxridan Carevis gareSe gaaCndes sakuTari Sexedulebebi
da rom moiZios, miiRos da gasces informacia da azrebi nebismieri sainformacio saSualebiT
sazRvrebis gareSe.
ra Tqma unda, 1948 wels, rodesac daiwera sayovelTao deklaracia, aravin fiqrobda internetze,
rogorc erT-erT sainformacio arxze. 1989 wlisTvisac ki, rodesac gaero-s generalur
asambleaze miRebuli iqna bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, mosaxleobis, ara Tu bavSvebis, mier
internetis gamoyeneba warmoudgeneli iyo. miuxedavad amisa, sainteresoa, rom bavSvTa konvencia
gamoyofs sityvisa da azris Tavisuflebas da informaciis Tavisuflebas sam sxvadasxva muxlSi,
sadac xazgasmulia TiToeulis mniSvneloba: muxli 12 adgens bavSvis uflebas, hqondes sakuTari
azri da es azri iyos gaTvaliswinebuli; muxli 14 adgens bavSvis uflebas azrovnebaze, zneobasa
da religiaze. muxli 13 Seicavs ZiriTad mtkicebulebas bavSvis uflebaze azris gamoxatvisa da
informaciis miRebis Sesaxeb:
bavSvs ufleba aqvs Tavisuflad gamoTqvas Tavisi azri; es ufleba moicavs Tavisuflebas,
sazRvrebis arsebobis miuxedavad moiZios, miiRos an gadasces nebismieri saxis informacia
an idea zepiri, werilobiTi Tu beWduri formiT, bavSvis arCevanisamebr.
Tumca es muxli ar aZlevs bavSvs informaciis miRebis SeuzRudav uflebas. amas abalansebs
iseTi usafrTxoebis meqanizmebi, rogoric aris eqspluataciisgan dacva (muxli 19 da muxli 36),
gansakuTrebiT seqsualuri eqspluataciisgan (muxli 19 da muxli 34).
konvencia aseve xazs usvams bavSvis mudmivad ganviTarebad SesaZleblobebs da asakobriv
momwifebas, ase, rom is, rac SeiZleba Seuferebelia bavSvisTvis dawyebiT klasebSi, SeiZleba
misaRebi iyos ymawvilobaSi. iseve rogorc uflebebTan dakavSirebul bevr sakiTxSi, uflebebi
xSirad winaaRmdegobaSi modis am dargSi dawesebul dacvis zomebTan, rasac dafiqreba da
SeTanxmeba sWirdeba. magram, nebismier SemTxvevaSi gadamwyveti unda iyos bavSvis saukeTeso
interesebi.
250
..........................................
sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Family Guide to the Internet: Barnardos’ National Children’s Resource Centres, 2004.
* Gentile, Douglas A. and Walsch, David A., ‘A normative study of family media and habits’ in Applied
Developmental Psychology 23 (2002) 157-178: National Institute on Media and the Family, 2002: www.mediafamily.
org/research/index.shtml
* Recommendation Rec (2006) 12 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Empowering Children in
the New Information and Communications Environment: Council of Europe, 2006:
http://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1041181&BackColourInternet=9999CC&BackColourIntranet=FFBB55&BackC
olourLogged=FFAC75
* Frau-Meigs, Divina, Council of Europe Pan-European Forum on Human Rights in the Information Society:
Empowering children and young people: Council of Europe, 2006: www.euro.who.int/document/mediacentre/fs0203e.
pdf
* Linddal Hansen, Birthe, Consumer children 2016, Council of Europe, 2006: www.coe.int/t/e/human_rights/
media/links/events/1Forum2006YerevanFuturist_en.asp#TopOfPage
* Livingstone, Sonia and Bober, Magdalena, UK Children Go Online: Final report of key project findings:
Economic and Social Research Council, 2005: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/28_04_05_childrenonline.pdf
* Masterman, Len and Mariet, François, L’éducation aux Média dans l’Europe des Années 90: unguide pour les
enseignants: Council of Europe, 1994.
* Piette, Jacques, Education aux Média et Fonction Critique: L’Harmattan, Paris, 1996.
* Richardson, Janice, ed., The Internet Literacy Handbook: A guide for parents, teachers and young people, 2nd
Edition: Strasbourg, Council of Europe, 2006: www.coe.int/T/E/Human_Rights/Media/hbk_en.html
* O’Connell, Rachel and Bryce, Jo, Young people, well-being and risk on-line, Council of Europe, 2006: www.
echr.coe.int/Library/DIGDOC/DG2/H_INF/COE-2006-EN-H_INF(2006)5.pdf
.......................................................
* evropis qartia mediaganaTlebis Sesaxeb: www.euromedialiteracy.eu/index.php

* ganaTlebis sistemaSi teqnologiebis danergvis erovnuli centri:
www.ncte.ie/Internetsafety
* garemosa da ojaxis kvlevis erovnuli instituti: www.mediafamily.org/index.shtml
* media informirebis testi: www.mediawise.org.uk
......................................................
1 Recommendation Rec (2006) 12 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Empowering Children in the
new Information and Communications Environment: Council of Europe, 2006.
2 Douglas A. Gentile and David A. Walsch, ‘A normative study of family media and habits, National Institute on
Media and the Family’, Applied Developmental Psychology 23 (2002), p.174.
3 Livingstone, Sonia and Bober, Magdalena, UK Children Go Online: Final report of key project findings: Economic
and Social Research Council, 2005
4 Masterman, Len, and Mariet, François, L’éducation aux Média dans l’Europe des Années 90: Council of Europe,
1994.
5 Recommendation Rec (2006) 12 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Empowering Children in the
New Information and Communications Environment: Council of Europe, 2006: http://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1041
181&BackColourInternet=9999CC&BackColourIntranet=FFBB55&BackColourLogged=FFAC75
6 Richardson, Janice, ed., The Internet Literacy Handbook: A guide for parents, teachers and young people, 2nd
Edition: Strasbourg, Council of Europe, 2006.
251
10. monawileoba
rogorc ufrosebSi, ise bavSvebSi Tanamonawileobis kulturis ganviTareba SeiZleba iyos
demokratiis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani nawili.
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi monawileobis miReba aris rogorc adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTadi

principi, ise yvela adamianis moqalaqeobis Semadgeneli nawili. bavSvis uflebis gamdidreba
monawileobis uflebis ganmtkicebiT aris erT-erTi saxelmZRvanelo principi da yvelaze
progresuli inovacia, romelsac gvTavazobs bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia (ixile Tavi 1, gv. 22,
sadac ganxilulia bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia).
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia gansazRvravs ramdenime gansxvavebul aspeqts monawileobaze
bavSvTa uflebasTan mimarTebaSi:
* ufleba, rom gamoxaton TavianTi Sexedulebebi maTTan dakavSirebul nebismier
sakiTxze da rom maTi Sexedulebebi saTanadod iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli (muxli 12)
* sityvis Tavisufleba, romelic moicavs nebismieri saxis miukerZoebeli informaciis
moZiebisa da miRebis uflebas (muxli 13)
* azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisufleba (muxli 14)
* gaerTianebisa da Sekrebis ufleba (muxli 15)
* erovnuli da saerTaSoriso wyaroebidan masalebisa da informaciis xelmisawvdomobis
ufleba (muxli 17)
* sazogadoebis kulturul cxovrebaSi monawileobis ufleba (muxli 31).
ratom aris mniSvnelovani bavSvebis monawileoba?
bavSvebis monawileoba im SemTxvevaSia Sedegis momtani Tu daculia mniSvnelovani winapiroba,

rom ufrosma pativi sces bavSvis unars, miiRos monawileoba gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi
da moeqces mas rogorc partniors. tradiciuli urTierTobebisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic
emyareboda ufrosis Zalauflebasa da bavSvis kontrolis qveS moqcevas, realuri Sedegi mxolod
demokratiul partniorul urTierTobebs moaqvs. sxvagvarad bavSvis monawileoba ubralod
simboluri iqneba: bavSvebs SeuZliaT gamoTqvan TavianTi azri, magram maT aranairi gavlenis
moxdena ar SeuZliaT imaze, Tu rogor iqneba da iqneba Tu ara saerTod gamoyenebuli, maT mier
Setanili wvlili.
monawileobis arsi kargad aris ganmartebuli modelSi `monawileobis kibe~.1 rojer harti
aRwers rvasafexurian monawileobis kibes. pirveli sami etapi aris manipulireba, dekoracia
252
da simbolizmi, monawileobis cru mniSvnelobebi, romelTac SeuZliaT safrTxis qveS daayenon
mTliani procesi. monawileobis realur formebSi Sedis etapi saxelwodebiT `daniSnva da
informireba~, romlis drosac bavSvebs aZleven konkretul rolebs da `SeTanxmebisa da
informirebis~ etapi, rodesac bavSvebi iZlevian rCevebs ufrosebis mier ganxorcielebul
programebze da esmiT, Tu ra zemoqmedebas moaxdens maTi azri Sedegze.
monawileobis kibe
magaliTebi
bavSvebi axdenen problemis identificire- bavSvebis mier
bas skolaSi, iwyeben proeqts problemis inicireba,
gadaWris mizniT da arwmuneben ufrosebs, gadawyvetilebebis
rom saWiroa misi ganxorcieleba. gaziareba
ufrosebisTvis
monawileobis
bavSvebis mier
bavSvebi qmnian TavianTi skolis gazeTs an
inicireba da
radio programas
marTva
ufrosebis
mier inicireba,
bavSvebs sTxoven miiRon monawileoba gadawyvetilebebis
saTamaSo moednis dagegmarebaSi gaziareba
bavSvebisTvis
doneebi
garkveul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT bavSve- SeTanxmeba da
bisgan rCevas iRebs qalaqis meri; maT azrs informireba
seriozulobiT ekidebian
sazogadoebrivi samuSaos Sesasruleblad

organizebulia bavSvebis jgufi, magram isi- daniSvna da
ni informirebulni arian miznebis Sesaxeb da informireba
Tvlian, rom sakiTxi maT gankargulebaSia.
azris kargad gamoTqmis unaris mqone mos-

cru monawileoba
wavleebi SerCeuli arian mrgval magidaze simbolizmi

dasaswrebad saTanado momzadebisa da
TanatolebTan gasaubrebis gareSe.
bavSvebi mRerian da cekvaven RonisZie- dekoracia

baze, magram warmodgena ara aqvT rasTan
aris es dakavSirebuli.
bavSvebi organizebulad monawileoben manipulacia

politikur demonstraciaSi xelSi poli-
tikuri Sinaarsis plakatebiT
253
yvelaze progresuli safexurebia ùfrosebis mier inicirebuli~ monawileoba, bavSvebTan
erTad gadawyvetilebebis miRebis erToblivi procesi da `bavSvis mier inicirebuli da marTuli~
proeqtebi, sadac ufrosebs mxolod damxmaris da mrCevlis roli aqvT. es ukanaskneli safexuri
aZlevs bavSvebs SesaZleblobas monawileoba miiRon gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi, procesebis
marTvaSi da gainawilon pasuxismgebloba bavSvebsa da ufrosebTan, aqvT informaciis gacvlis da
erTmaneTis cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis gaziarebis saSualeba.
warmatebuli monawileoba ar Semoifargleba erTi proeqtiT, aramed aris mudmivi procesi,
romelic xels uwyobs monawileobis kulturis danergvas im garemoSi, romelSic bavSvi cxovrobs
da moRvaweobs: saxlSi, skolaSi, samedicino dawesebulebaSi, jandacvis sistemaSi, Temsa da
sazogadoebaSi. ufrosebisa da bavSvebisTvis Tanamonawileobis aseTi kulturis ganviTareba
SeiZleba iyos demokratiis mniSvnelovani gamovlineba. amis Sedegad ganviTarebuli aRqma adamianis
uflebebis da aqtiuri moqalaqeobis stimulireba sasargebloa mTeli sazogadoebisTvis.
rogor CavrToT bavSvebi procesebSi?
upirveles yovlisa, bavSvebis monawileobisTvis saWiroa xelSemwyobi garemo. bavSvebi

ixsnebian, rodesac isini grZnoben, rom maT naTqvams mniSvneloba aqvs da esmiT maTi CarTulobis
mizani. imis gamo, rom bavSvebi ufrosebisgan gansxvavebulad fiqroben da gamoxataven TavianT
Tavs, procesebi maTi monawileobiT agebuli unda iyos konkretul sakiTxebze, gamocdilebebze
da realur, cxovrebiseul situaciebze, unda gansxvavdebodes sirTulis mixedviT bavSvis
mzardi unarebis Sesabamisad. sawyisi savarjiSoebi SeiZleba moicavdes konsultaciebs da azris
gamokiTxvas sxvadasxva sakiTxis Sesaxeb, romelsac ufrosebi unda warmarTavdnen. monawileobis
ufro progresuli xerxebia programebis dagegmva, ganxorcieleba, marTva, monitoringi
da Sefaseba. bavSvebis mier inicirebuli proeqtebi, kvlevebi, sakuTari Tavis warmoCena,
prezentaciebi an ufrosebTan erTad organizaciebis da dawesebulebebis marTvaSi monawileoba
metad SemecnebiTi da Zlieri gamocdilebaa ufrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis.
kiTxva: vin wyvets, Tu monawileobis rogori formaa misaRebi bavSvebisTvis simwifis

sxvadasxva etapze? rogor xdeba aseTi gadawyvetilebis miReba?
Sedegis momtani monawileoba procesSi aviTarebs farTo speqtris unar-Cvevebsa da codnas.

bavSvebi iZenen axal informacias, swavloben TavianT uflebebs da igeben sxvaTa Sexedulebebs
aqtiuri mosmeniT. azris CamoyalibebiTa da gadmocemiT isini iumjobeseben komunikaciis
unars, kritikul azrovnebas da organizaciul da cxovrebiseul Tvisebebs. isini grZnoben, rom
realurad SeuZliaT cvlilebis moxdena.
evropaSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis kulturis damkvidreba is amocanaa, romlis misaRwevad
aucileblia bavSvebis cxovrebaSi aqtiurad CarTva. amis yvelaze didi damabrkolebeli faqtoria
ufrosebis ukve myarad damkvidrebuli damokidebuleba am sakiTxis mimarT. amitom, rogorc
bavSvebisTvis, ise ufrosebisTvis saWiroa specialuri ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis, bavSvis
uflebebis, xelSewyobis, eTikis principebisa da kvlevis sakiTxebSi. yvela adamianma, romelic
muSaobs bavSvebTan da bavSvebisTvis, unda aiTvisos bavSvTa monawileobis ZiriTadi principebi
da ganaviTaros unarebi, rom xeli Seuwyos, daexmaros da agitacia gauwios mas. didi mniSvneloba
aqvs politikur da pirovnul valdebulebebs. Tumca monawileobis kulturis damkvidrebas
sWirdeba adamianuri da finansuri resursebi, Sedegi amarTlebs daxarjul Zalisxmevas.
saukeTeso praqtikuli meTodebis magaliTebi
bavSvebis warmatebuli monawileobis kargi magaliTebi mravladaa mTels evropaSi.

ojaxi: bavSvis monawileoba SeiZleba daiwyos saxlSi, sadac Zalian patara bavSvebic asruleben
rols ojaxis mier gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi. evropis sabWos konferenciis, romelsac
ewodeboda èvropa bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan erTad~, monawile bavSvebma ganacxades:
Cven warmatebiT vmonawileobdiT Cvens ojaxebTan erTad gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor gvsurs Tavisufali drois gatareba, virCevdiT risi Wama
gvindoda, zogjer imasac virCevdiT, Tu romel skolaSi gvindoda siaruli, rogor vinawilebdiT
saxlis saqmeebs, vwyvetdiT ojaxur problemebs, organizebas vuwevdiT ojaxur RonisZiebebs.2
skola: skola SeiZleba iyos warmatebuli monawileobis mniSvnelovani modeli. saskolo
wesebis Sedgena erTad an bavSvebisTvis saklaso oTaxis gaformebisa da wesrigis dacvis mindoba
SeiZleba kargi dasawyisi iyos, rac aseve xels Seuwyobs bavSvebs skolis garemosTan SeCvevaSi.
magram, skolis sabWosa da bavSvTa parlamentis Seqmna SeiZleba gamarTlebuli meTodebi iyos
monawileobis TvalsazrisiT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maT realuri gadawyvetilebebis
254
miReba akisriaT. bavSvebis iniciativebs, rom gamouSvan gazeTi, Seqmnan radioprograma an
internetgverdebi, moawyon klubebi, festivalebi an kampaniebi aseve mniSvnelovani wvlili
SeaqvT skolis demokratiul cxovrebaSi.3
RonisZiebebi Tavisufal dros: klasgareSe programebis saSualebiT bavSvebi iZenen
iseT gamocdilebas, romelic amtkicebs, rom maT monawileobas realurad aqvs mniSvneloba.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, araformaluri adgilebi, quCis aqciebi, festivalebi, interneti
da axali sainformacio platformebi iZlevian mravalgvar SesaZleblobas demokratiis
praqtikuli ganxorcielebisTvis. klasgareSe aqtivobebi xSirad SeiZleba iyos saskolo
programebis damateba.
socialurad daucveli bavSvebi: monawileoba uaRresad mniSvnelovania socialurad
daucveli bavSvebisTvis. bavSvebi, romlebic cxovroben siRaribeSi an instituciur
dawesebulebaSi, xSirad moklebulni arian cxovrebaSi CarTulobis minimalur formebsac ki.
yvela bavSvs unda daxvdes kargad momzadebuli personali, rodesac is Sedis dawesebulebaSi
an saavadmyofoSi an monawileoben policiur gamoZiebaSi an sasamarTlo procesSi, rogorc
dazaralebuli an damnaSave. bavSvebis saukeTeso interesebis dacva SesaZlebelia mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu maT sTxoven sakuTari azrisa da komentaris gamoTqmas aseT procesebze.
bavSvebis monawileoba saxelmwifo procesebSi
sazogadoebriv doneze: sazogadoebis keTildReobis gaumjobesebisken gamiznul

proeqtebSi bavSvebis monawileobisTvis arsebobs SesaZleblobaTa farTo arCevani. evropis
sabWom gamosca rekomendacia, romelic iTvaliswinebs axalgazrdebis xelSewyobas, rom CaerTon
municipalitetebis saqmianobaSi, rac kargi dasawyisi iqneba rogorc municipalitetebis, ise
Tavad bavSvTa jgufebisTvis.4
kiTxva: rogor wavaxalisoT bavSvebi, rom monawileoba miiRon saxelmwifo procesebSi da

rogor davicvaT isini ufrosebis mxridan politikuri manipulirebisgan?
kanonmdebelTa da politikosTa Soris arian iseTebic, vinc sistematiurad gadis

konsultaciebs bavSvebTan. magaliTad, londonSi qalaqis meri rCevas ekiTxeba bavSvebs, Tu rogor
gaxadon qalaqi ufro Sesaferisi axalgazrdebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT iseT sferoebSi, rogoric
aris transporti, saTamaSo moednebi, usafrTxoeba da internetZaladoba.5 SotlandiaSi daiwyo
sazogadoebriv partniorTa xuTwliani programa, romelic ikvlevs, Tu rogor SeiZleba gaxdes
aqtiuri sazogadoebrivi TanamSromloba efeqturi saSualeba bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis
marginalizaciis aRmofxvrisTvis. ganxorcielebuli programebi, SemuSavebuli meTodologiebi
da saboloo Sedegebi Sejamebul iqna saxelmZRvanelos saxiT.6
erovnul doneze: ramdenime evropuli qveynis erovnul politikaSi gaTvaliswinebulia
bavSvebis monawileoba. magaliTad, germaniaSi, norvegiasa da did britaneTSi mTavrobebi xels
uwyoben bavSvebis, maTi ojaxebis an momvlelebis efeqtur CarTulobas sabavSvo trastebis
ganviTarebasa da marTvaSi da mouwodeben municipalitetebsa da organizaciebs, rom aseve
moiqcnen. imis gamo, rom aseTi siaxleebi moiTxovs cvlilebebs organizaciul kulturaSi,
valdebulebebidan praqtikul ganxorcielebaze gadasvla xSirad ar aris advili.7
saerTaSoriso doneze: yvelaze ukeT bavSvebs SeuZliaT CaerTon adgilobriv da erovnul
procesebSi, sadac maTi yoveldRiuri gamocdileba efeqturad iqneba gaTvalisiwnebuli. magram
kargi dagegmvis SemTxvevaSi bavSvebs aseve SeuZliaT miiRon monawileoba gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis procesSi saerTaSoriso doneze.
gaero-s mier Catarebuli kvlevis `bavSvTa mimarT Zaladoba” mTavari dasayrdeni iyo bavSvebisa
da mozardebis monawileoba. bavSvebi CarTuli iyvnen regionul konsultaciebSi da maTi
rekomendaciebi Setanili iqna am konsultaciebis Sedegad miRebul Semajamebel dokumentebSi.
marTalia organizatorebisTvis rTuli iyo maTTvis uCveulo procesis warmarTva, magram aman
xeli Seuwyo zogierTi yvelaze stimulismomcemi da Rirebuli Sedegis miRebas.8
bavSvTa monawileobis xelSewyobis principebi
gaero-s bavSvTa fondma, romelic aris msoflio masStabis arasamTavrobo organizacia,

romelic ibrZvis bavSvTa uflebebisa da keTildReobisTvis, SeimuSava principebi, romlebic
uzrunvelyofs bavSvTa mizanSewonil monawileobas. es direqtivebi Sesabamisia nebismieri
formis monawileobisTvis:
* bavSvebs unda esmodeT proeqtis an procesis Sinaarsi, mizani da maTi roli am procesSi.
* ZalTa Tanafardoba da gadawyvetilebis mimRebi struqturebi unda iyos gamWvirvale.
255
* bavSvebis monawileoba unda daiwyos nebismieri iniciativis rac SeiZleba adreul etapze.
* yvela bavSvs unda moeqcnen Tanabari pativiscemiT, miuxedevad asakis, mdgomareobis,
eTnikuri warmomavlobis, SesaZleblobebis da sxva faqtorebisa.
* sabaziso wesebi unda Camoyalibdes yvela bavSvTan dasawyisSive.
* monawiloeba unda iyos nebayoflobiTi da bavSvebs unda hqondeT procesidan gasvlis
ufleba nebismier etapze.
* bavSvebi imsaxureben pativiscemas maTi Sexedulebebisa da gamocdilebisTvis.9
evropis sabWo
adamianebis procesebSi CarTuloba evropis sabWos muSaobis mniSvnelovan sferos warmoadgens,

gansakuTrebiT, rodesac sakiTxi exeba axalgazrda Taobas. evropis sabWom Tavis axalgazrdul
seqtorSi unikaluri formiT Camoayaliba erToblivi menejmentis sistema, romelSic evropuli
axalgazrduli organizaciebi da mTavrobebi erToblivad iReben gadawyvetilebebs evropis
sabWos axalgazrdul programasa da biujetze. adgilobriv da regionul mTavrobaTa kongresTan
TanamSromlobiT 1992 wels gamoica evropis qartia axalgazrdebis adgilobriv da regionul
cxovrebaSi monawileobis Sesaxeb, romelSic 2003 wels Sevida cvlilebebi. es unikaluri
dokumenti ara mxolod xels uwyobs axalgazrdebis CarTulobas, aramed gvTavazobs konkretul
ideebsa da xerxebs, romlebic SeiZleba gamoiyenon axalgazrdebma da adgilobrivma mTavrobebma.
praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo saxelwodebiT `gqondes Seni saTqmeli!~, romelSic damatebiTi
rCevebia mocemuli, gamoica 2007 wels.
monawileobasTan dakavSirebuli uflebebi mWidro kavSirSia moqalaqeobasTan dakavSirebul

uflebebTan rogorc maT mier miniWebuli Tavisuflebebis, ise maT mier dakisrebuli
pasuxismgeblobebis farglebSi (ixileT Tema moqalaqeoba, gv. 202). adamianis uflebaTa
sayovelTao deklaraciis 29-e muxli aRiarebs moqalaqeTa CarTulobis mniSvnelobas rogorc
sazogadoebisTvis, ise Tavad moqalaqeebisTvis:
magram mxolod 1989 wels, rodesac miRebuli iqna bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, monawileobis
uflebebi da upiratesobebi aRiarebuli iqna bavSvebTan mimarTebaSi. maTi monawileoba
garantirebulia sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis bevr sferoSi:
* muxli 9:
miiRos monawileoba bavSvis meurveobis an dacvis Taobaze mimdinare sasamarTlo procesSi
* muxli 12:
miiRos monawiloeba gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi `yvela sakiTze,
romelic Seexeba bavSvs~
* muxli 13:
gamoTqvas sakuTari azri, miiRos da gasces informacia
* muxli 14:
gaaCndes sakuTari Sexeduleba azrovnebis, zneobisa da religiis sakiTxebSi
* muxli15:
daamyaros urTierTobebi sxvebTan
* muxli 23:
unarSezRuduli bavSvis ufleba, àqtiurad CaerTos sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi~
* muxli 30:
umciresobis warmomadgeneli an adgilobrivi mkvidri bavSvis uflebaa monawileoba
miiRos rogorc Tavisi jgufis, ise farTo sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi
* muxli 31:
monawileoba miiRos kulturul da profesionalur cxovrebaSi.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ganmartebis Tanaxmad bavSvi aris Tvramet wlamde asakis
nebismieri piri, rac aucileblad ar niSnavs, rom yvela bavSvs aqvs saTanado unar-Cvevebi an
sakmarisi simwife, rom erTnairad miiRos monawileoba cxovrebaSi. am faqtTan mimarTebaSi
konvencia gvTavazobs ganviTarebadi unar-Cvevebis princips da gvirCevs, rom rogorc mSoblebma,
ise saxelmwifom gaacnobieron bavSvis mzardi unarebi da asakobrivi simwife da imoqmedon
Sesabamisad. bevr ufross, iseve rogorc bevr dawesebulebas, kvlav sWirdeba TavianTi didi
xnis Camoyalibebuli damokidebulebebis da midgomebis Secvla bavSvis mier nebismier asakSi
monawileobis uflebis Sesabamisad.
256
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sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Backman, Elisabeth, and Trafford, Bernard, Democratic Governance of Schools: Council of Europe, 2007:
www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/edc/Source/Pdf/Documents/2007_Tool2demgovschools_en.pdf
* Brocke Hartmut and Karsten, Andreas, Towards a common culture of cooperation between civil society and
local authorities, Centre Francais de Berlin, Berlin, 2007
* Building a Europe for and with Children, Children and young people’s preparation seminar: Council of Europe,
Monaco, 2006
www.coe.int/t/transversalprojects/children/Source/reports/MonacoPrepSeminar_en.doc
* Catch Them Young, Recommendations on children’s participation, Ministry of Flemish Community Youth and
Sport Division, Benelux, Brussels, 2004: www.wvc.vlaanderen.be/jeugdbeleid/internationaal/documenten/catch%20
them%20young.pdf
* Children and Young People’s Participation, CRIN Newsletter No 16: Child Rights Information Network, October
2002: www.crin.org/docs/resources/publications/crinvol16e.pdf
* Children, Participation, Projects – How to make it work: Council of Europe, 2004:
www.bernardvanleer.org/files/crc/3.A.5%20Council_of_Europe.pdf
* DIY Guide to Improving Your Community – Getting children and young people involved: Save the Children,
Scotland, 2005:
www.savethechildren.org.uk/scuk_cache/scuk/cache/cmsattach/4130_DIY.pdf
* Dürr, Karlheinz, The School: A democratic learning community, DGIV/EDU/CIT (2003)
23final: Council of Europe, 2004: www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/edc/Source/Pdf/Documents/2003_23_All-
EuropStudyChildrenParticipation_En.PDF
* Gozdik-Ormel, Zaneta, ‘Have your say!’ Manual on the Revised European Charter on the Participation of Young
People in Local and Regional Life: Council of Europe, 2007.
* Hart, Roger, Ladder of Participation, Children’s Participation: From Tokenism to Citizenship: UNICEF Innocenti
Research Centre, 1992.
* Learning to Listen, Core Principles for the Involvement of Children and Young People: Department of Education
and Skills, Children’s and Young People’s Unit, UK, 2001:
www.dfes.gov.uk/listeningtolearn/downloads/LearningtoListen-CorePrinciples.pdf
* Promoting Children’s Participation in Democratic Decision making: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre,
Florence, 2001: www.asylumsupport.info/publications/unicef/democratic.pdf
* Recommendation No. R(81)18 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States concerning Participation at
Municipal Level, Council of Europe, 1981:
http://wcd.coe.int/com.instranet.InstraServlet?Command=com.instranet.CmdBlobGet&DocId=673582&SecMode=1
&Admin=0&Usage=4&InstranetImage=45568
* Seven Good Reasons for Building a Europe with and for Children: Council of Europe, 2006: www.coe.int/t/
transversalprojects/children/publications/Default_en.asp
* Sutton, Faye, The School Council – A Children’s Guide, Save the Children, 1999.
* The United Nations Secretary General’s Study on Violence against Children: www.violencestudy.org
257
........................................................
* asociacia “Themis”: www.grainedecitoyen.fr

* bavSis uflebebis sainformacio qseli: www.crin.org
* aliansi `bavSvebi rogorc partniorebi~ (CAPA): www.crin.org/childrenaspartners
* inglisis bavSvTa uflebebis aliansi (CRAE): www.crae.org.uk
* xSirad dasmuli kiTxvebi bavSvTa monawileobaze:
www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/participation/faq
* gadavarCinoT bavSvebi: www.savethechildren.net
* gaero-s bavSvTa fondi: www.unicef.org
........................................................
1 Originally developed by Arnstein, Sherry R.: A Ladder of Citizens Participation, JAIP, Vol 35, No.4, 1969, p. 216-
224. http://lithgow-schmidt.dk/sherry-arnstein/ladder-of-citizen-participation.html The model was developed by Hart,
Roger: Children’s Participation from Tokenism to Citizenship: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, 1992, Florence.
2 Building a Europe for and with Children, Children and young people’s preparation seminar, Council of Europe,
Monaco 2006, p.16.
3 Dürr, Karlheinz, The School: A democratic learning Programme Education for Democratic Citizenship DGIV/EDU/
CIT (2003) 23final, Council of Europe, 2004.
4 Recommendation No. R(81)18 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States concerning Participation at
Municipal Level, Council of Europe, 1981.
5 See Young London Kids: www.london.gov.uk/young-london/kids/have-your-say/index.jsp
6 DIY Guide to improving your community – Getting children and young people involved, Save the Children,
Scotland, 2005.
7 Learning to Listen, Core Principles for the Involvement of Children and Young People, Department of Education
and Skills, CYPU, UK, March 2001.
8 See The United Nations Secretary General’s Study on Violence against Children.
9 Promoting Children’s Participation in Democratic Decision making: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, 2001.
258
11. mSvidoba
mSvidobis kultura damkvidrdeba maSin, rodesac msoflios moqalaqeebi gaacnobiereben
globalur problemebs, eqnebaT konfliqtebis gadaWris unari da ibrZoleben
samarTlianobisTvis Zaladobis gareSe, icxovreben adamianis uflebebisa da Tanasworobis
saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad, daafaseben kulturul mravalferovnebas da
pativs scemen dedamiwas da erTmaneTs. amis miRweva SesaZlebelia mxolod mSvidobisken
mimarTuli ganaTlebis saSualebiT.
haagis mimarTva mSvidobis Sesaxeb ganaTlebisadmi
miZRvnili globaluri samSvidobo kampaniisadmi
adamianis uflebaTa aseTi kulturis ganviTareba aris mSvidobiani mdgomareobis winapiroba.

omi da Zaladoba aucileblad iwvevs adamianis uflebaTa uaryofas, xolo mdgradi, xangrZlivi
mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis damyareba SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, rodesac sruldeba adamianis
yvela ufleba.
evropa ocdameerTe saukuneSi SeiZleba SedarebiT Tavisufali iyos omebisgan, magram is
ar aris Tavisufali konfliqtebisgan, romlebic pirdapir zemoqmedebas axdenen bavSvebze.
SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis safrTxe emuqreba balkaneTis zogierT regions da kavkasia. imis
gamo, rom samyaro urTierTdakavSirebulia, SeiaraRebul konfliqtebs iseT Soreul adgilebSi,
rogoric aris avRaneTi an erayi, zegavlenas axdenen madridsa da londonze evropaSi. aseve
mzardia arasamxedro safrTxeebi mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis winaaRmdeg: gvalva, daavadebebi,
siRaribe, SimSili, rasizmi da aratolerantuloba – yvelaferi es warmoadgens rogorc
konfliqtis wyaros, ise Sedegs.
meoce saukune iyo istoriis yvelaze Zaladobrivi periodi, romelmac moitana yvelaze didi
msxverpli, vidre yvela wina saukunem erTad. iseTma konfliqtebma, rogoric aris pirveli da
meore msoflio omebi, CaiTria mTeli planeta da nangrevebSi datova evropis udidesi nawili.
iyo aseve regionaluri konfliqtebic (magaliTad, Sida konfliqtebi espaneTSi, kviprosze,
saberZneTSi da irlandiaSi). evropaSi, meoce saukune dasrulda omebiT yofil iugoslaviasa da
kavkasiaSi.
mudmivad ganviTarebadi maRali teqnologiebisa da globalizaciis xanaSi Zlier Seicvala
konfliqtebis xasiaTi, magram kvlavac bevria sikvdilianobis SemTxvevebi moqalaqeebs, maT Soris
bavSvebs Soris. msoflios devnilTa udides nawils bavSvebi warmoadgenen, maTi umravlesoba
gamoeqca TavianT samSobloSi mimdinare SeiaraRebul konfliqtebs. ufro metic, 18 wlamde asakis
gogonebisa da vaJebis minimum naxevari milioni gaxda eqspluataciis msxverpli, rogorc omebis
monawileni mTels msoflioSi, pirdapiri srolis, dagebuli naRmebisa da asafeTqebeli iaraRis
meSveobiT an daxmarebis gawevis dros. omis zegavlena bavSvebze gamanadgurebeli da totaluria,
rodesac ziani adgeba maT sxeulebs da suls da ingreva maTi ojaxebi da garemo.
259
ra aris adamianis usafrTxoeba?
adamianis usafrTxoeba SedarebiT axali cnebaa, romelic aRiarebs urTierTkavSirs
Zaladobasa da yvela saxis danakargs Soris. is moicavs pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis dacvas
rogorc fizikuri Zaladobis pirdapiri safrTxisgan, ise siRaribiT da socialuri, ekonomikuri
da politikuri uTanasworebebiT, aseve bunebrivi katastrofebiTa da epidemiebiT gamowveuli
arapirdapiri safrTxeebisgan. qveyana SeiZleba ar iyos gareSe dartymisa da Sida konfliqtis
riskis qveS, magram mainc daucveli iyos, Tu, magaliTad, mas ara aqvs Zala, rom SeinarCunos
kanonis uzenaesoba; Tu SimSilis gamo xdeba mosaxleobis didi nawilis iZulebiT gadaadgileba
an masiurad mospoba epidemiisgan an Tu ers ar gaaCnia minimaluri saarsebo saSualebebi.
adamianis usafrTxoeba xels uwyobs adamianis uflebaTa ganviTarebas, radgan is upirispirdeba
iseT situaciebs, romlebic seriozul safrTxes uqmnian adamianis uflebebs da mxars uWers
iseTi sistemebis ganviTarebas, romlebic aZleven adamians sayrdens arsebobisTvis, Rirsebisa
da sasicocxlo uflebebisTvis, rogoricaa Tavisufleba saWiroebebisgan, Tavisufleba SiSisgan
da Tavisufleba, imoqmedos sakuTari gadawyvetilebiT. amis misaRwevad usafrTxoebisTvis
gamoiyeneba ori zogadi strategia, esenia: samarTlebrivi dacva da uflebebis miniWeba.
samarTlebrivi dacva icavs adamianebs pirdapiri safrTxeebisgan, magram aseve cdilobs danergos
normebi, procesebi da struqturebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen usafrTxoebis SenarCunebas.
uflebebis miniWeba saSualebas aZlevs adamianebs, ganaviTaron TavianTi potenciali da gaxdnen
gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesis srulfasovani monawileebi. samarTlebrivi dacva da
uflebebis miniWeba urTierTgamaZlierebeli strategiebia da bevr SemTxvevaSi orive Tanabrad
aucilebelia.
2003 wels gaero-s specialurma komisiam adamianis usafrTxoebaze gamosca angariSi
saxelwodebiT àdamianis usafrTxoeba dRes~, romelSic xazgasmulia ZiriTadi problematuri
sakiTxebi adamianTa usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofisa da SenarCunebis saqmeSi:
* adamianTa samarTlebrivi dacva Zaladobrivi konfliqtis dros, maT Soris iaraRis
gavrcelebis SemTxvevaSi;
* adamianTa samarTlebrivi dacva da uflebebis miniWeba gadaadgilebisas rogorc maTTvis,
vinc icvlis adgilsamyofels sacxovrebeli pirobebis gaumjobesebis mizniT, ise maTTvis,
vinc iZulebulia gaiqces konfliqturi situaciebisgan an adamianis uflebaTa seriozuli
darRvevebisgan Tavis dacvis mizniT;
* adamianTa samarTlebrivi dacva da uflebebis miniWeba post-konfliqtur situaciebSi,
maT Soris omiT danawevrebuli sazogadoebebis kompleqsuri aRmSenebloba;
* ekonomikuri usafrTxoebis xelSewyoba saarsebo minimumis uzrunvelyofiT yvelgan da
adamianebis siRaribidan gamoyvana;
* jandacvis ZiriTadi servisebis sayovelTao misawvdomobis xelSewyoba, gansakuTrebiT
globalurad gavrcelebul infeqciebsa da daavadebebTan brZola, siRaribesTan dakavSirebul
riskebTan da ZaladobiT gamowveul janmrTelobis problemebTan gamklaveba;
* SesaZleblobebis micema yvela adamianisTvis universaluri elementaruli ganaTlebis
meSveobiT;
* globaluri adamianuri TviTmyofadobis aucileblobis aRiareba da amavdroulad
pirovnebis Tavisuflebis pativiscema, rom hqondes gansxvavebuli individualuroba da
aRmsarebloba.
kiTxva: ra faqtorebi emuqreba Tqveni eris usarTxoebas? rogor axdens es sazogadoebis

destabilizacias? rogor zegavlenas axdens aseTi daucveloba im bavSvebze, romlebTanac Tqven
muSaobT?
mSvidoba _ adamianis erT-erTi ufleba
mSvidoba ar niSnavs mxolod konfliqtisa da Zaladobis ararsebobas, aramed es aris cxovrebis

iseTi wesi, rodesac sazogadoebis wevrebi Tanacxovrebisas aRweven TavianTi uflebebis
realizacias. marTalia formalurad mSvidoba ar aris klasificirebuli rogorc adamianis
ufleba, magram is aRiarebulia, rogorc adamianis uflebaTa ganxorcielebisTvis saWiro
aucilebeli elementi da miekuTvneba adamianis uflebaTa mesame Taobas anu egreT wodebul
solidarul uflebebs. es aris uflebebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen mTels sazogadoebebze an
adamianTa jgufebze da ara mxolod individebze, aseTia, magaliTad ufleba jansaR garemoze,
mdgrad ganviTarebaze, komunikaciaze an kacobriobis saerTo memkvidreobis gaziarebaze.
mSvidoba aris agreTve adamianis uflebaTa nayofi: rac ufro metad uwyobs xels sazogadoeba,
icavs da asrulebs misi xalxebis adamianur uflebebs, ufro didia imis Sansi, rom SeaCeros
Zaladoba da mSvidobianad gadaWras konfliqtebi.
260
ìuneskos~ xelmZRvanelobiT 1999 wels gaero-s generalurma asambleam miiRo deklaracia
mSvidobis kulturis Sesaxeb. is aRiarebs, rom pasuxismgebloba mSvidobis kulturis xelSewyobaze
ekisreba sazogadoebis yvela wevrs, maT Soris mSoblebs, maswavleblebs, politikosebs,
Jurnalistebs, sasuliero pirebs, inteligenciis warmomadgenlebs, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
gaerTianebebs, samecniero, filosofiur da kulturul sferoSi CarTul pirebs, jandacvis
muSakebs, socialur muSakebs, sxvadasxva rangis menejerebs da arasamTavrobo organizaciebs.
dialogi kulturaTa da religiaTa Soris
kulturaTa Soris dialogi, aris demokratiuli saubris uZvelesi da yvelaze

fundamenturi forma, uaryofisa da Zaladobis sawinaaRmdegod moqmedi
saSualeba. misi mizania mogvces saSualeba, rom vicxovroT erTad mSvidobianad
da konstruqciulad Cvens mravalkulturul samyaroSi, rom gavaRvivoT
erTobisa da sulieri siaxlovis grZnoba.
kulturaTaSorisi dialogi da evropis sabWo:

www.coe.int/t/dg4/intercultural/default_en.asp
mzardma migraciam, globalizaciisa da sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis

ganviTarebam gacilebiT ufro mobiluri gaxada kacobrioba dRes. amis Sedegad kulturuli
mravalferovneba mTavari damaxasiaTebeli niSani gaxda evropis yvela qveynisTvis. es
mravalferovneba mniSvnelovani monapovaria Cveni sazogadoebebisTvis, Tumca mas aseve Tan
sdevs axali socialuri da politikuri gamowvevebi. rodesac ufro kritikulad ismis kiTxvebi
pirovnebis individualizmis mimarT, `stereotipebs, rasizms, qsenofobias, aratolerantulobas,
diskriminacias da Zaladobas SeuZliaT safrTxe Seuqmnan mSvidobas da erovnul da adgilobriv
sazogadoebriv wyobas~.1 am fenomenebis uaryofiTi Sedegebi moicavs rogorc socialur
izolacias sazogadoebis SigniT, ise saerTaSoriso konfliqtebs.
kulturaTa Soris dialogi aucilebeli iaraRia imisTvis, rom vebrZoloT amgvar movlenebs,
viswavloT erTad cxovreba da ganvaviTaroT erTobisa da sulieri siaxlovis grZnoba.
`kulturaTaSorisi dialogi aris sxvadasxva kulturis adamianebsa da jgufebs Soris azrTa
gacvlis Ria da pativsacemi forma, romelic iZleva sxvaTa msoflmxedvelobis ufro CaRrmavebuli
aRqmis saSualebas.~2 gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania im funqciis aRiareba, romelsac religiuri
sazogadoebebi asruleben pirovnebis CamoyalibebaSi da religiaTaSorisi dialogis waxalisebaSi,
raTa daZlion religiuri niSniT arsebuli stereotipebi da diskriminacia sazogadoebis yvela
doneze.
kiTxva: Tqvens garemocvaSi arian Tu ara sxvadasxva religiuri jgufebi, romlebic gavlenas
axdenen adamianebis Tanacxovrebaze? axdenen Tu ara zegavlenas religiuri gansxvavebebis
motiviT warmoSobili konfliqtebi im bavSvebze, romlebTanac Tqven muSaobT?
ganaTleba mSvidobis Sesaxeb
ganaTleba mSvidobis Sesaxeb, romelic Tavdapirvelad mimarTuli iyo atomuri iaraRis

saSualebiT globaluri ganadgurebis safrTxis aRmofxvrisken, dRes miznad isaxavs ufro
farTo amocanas, romelic gulisxmobs mSvidobis kulturis Senebas. misi mizania Rrmad
Seiswavlos da aRmofxvras konfliqtebis gamomwvevi mizezi da diskriminaciis yvela forma da
aseve Seaswavlos konfliqtis marTvis unarebi. konfliqtebis mSvidobianad mogvareba ar aris
Tandayolili adamianuri Tviseba, aramed unari, romelic adamianma bavSvobidan unda Seiswavlos
da ganaviTaros. rogorc mahaTma gandi SeniSnavda `Tu Cven gvinda mSvidobis damyareba msoflioSi,
Cven bavSvebiT unda daviwyoT~.3
... bavSvis ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos imisken, rom moamzados bavSvi
damoukidebeli cxovrebisTvis Tavisufal sazogadoebaSi, urTierTgagebis,
mSvidobis, tolerantobis, sqesobrivi Tanasworobis da megobrobis
suliskveTebiT yvela pirovnebas, eTnikur, nacionalur da religiur jgufsa
da adgilobriv mkvidrT Soris.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis muxli 29d.
rogorc wesi, bavSvi ganicdis konfliqts sxva bavSvebTan, mSoblebTan, maswavleblebTan da

sxva ufrosebTan. konfliqti ar aris TavisTavad negatiuri an mavne movlena; Cveulebriv misi
261
Serbileba da gadaWra SesaZlebelia. amis sapirispirod ki, Zaladoba, Zalis agresiulad an
borotad gamoyeneba yovelTvis mTavrdeba zaraliTa da ngreviT. amitom, sazogadoebam SeimuSava
araZaladobrivi meTodebiT konfliqtebis mogvarebis mravali gza, rogoric aris molaparakebebis
warmarTva da sxva konstruqciuli midgomebi, romlebiTac miiRweva urTierTmomgebiani
SeTanxmebebi (`yvela gamarjvebulia~ principiT) da kompromisi. konfliqtTan gamklavebis da
Zaladobisgan Tavis Sekavebis swavla bavSvebisTvis socializaciis mniSvnelovani pirobaa.
kiTxva: rogor reagireben konfliqtebze is bavSvebi, romlebTanac Tqven muSaobT? gaqvT Tu

ara meTodebi, rom daexmaroT maT iswavlon konfliqtebis ukeT marTva da gadawyveta?
mSvidobis Sesaxeb ganaTleba aZlevs codnas, aswavlis unarebs, damokidebulebas da

faseulobebs, rac aucilebelia qceviTi cvlilebebis ganxorcielebisTvis, romlis saSualebiTac
bavSvebi, axalgazrdebi da ufrosebi Tavidan airideben rogorc aSkara, ise struqturul
konfliqts da Zaladobas, mSvidobianad gadaWrian konfliqtebs da Seqmnian mSvidobisTvis
xelsayrel pirobebs individualur, jgufur, erovnul da saerTaSoriso doneebze. mSvidobis
Sesaxeb ganaTleba amaRlebs bavSvis TviTSefasebas, aviTarebs masSi problemebis gadaWris unars
da aferxebs arasaimedo qcevebs.
gaero-s saagentoTa Soris mSvidobis Sesaxeb ganaTlebas xels uwyoben iunisefi da iunesko.
ìunisefis~ ganmartebiT, mSvidobis Sesaxeb ganaTleba gulisxmobs iseT saskolo da sxva
sganmanaTleblo iniciativebs, romlebic:
* funqcionireben, rogorc `mSvidobis zonebi~, sadac bavSvebi daculi arian Zaladobrivi
konfliqtisgan;
* mxars uWeren bavSvis ZiriTad uflebebs, romlebic deklarirebulia bavSvis uflebaTa
konvenciaSi;
* qmnian iseT atmosferos, romelic warmoadgens saswavlo dawesebulebis yvela wevrs
Soris mSvidobiani da pativsacemi qcevis models;
* axdenen administraciul politikasa da praqtikaSi Tanasworobisa da diskriminaciis
dauSveblobis principebis demonstrirebas;
* emyarebian sazogadoebaSi arsebul codnas mSvidobis gaZlierebis sferoSi, maT Soris
konfliqtebis mogvarebis iseT meTodebs, romlebic aris efeqturi, araZaladobrivi da
damkvidrebulia adgilobriv kulturaSi;
* gvTavazoben konfliqtebis mogvarebis iseT gzas, romelic pativs scems yvela monawile
mxaris uflebebsa da Rirsebas;
* aerTianeben mSvidobis, adamianis uflebebis, socialuri samarTlianobisa da globaluri
sakiTxebis gagebas, sadac es SesaZlebelia saswavlo programaSi;
* xsnian forums mSvidobisa da socialuri samarTlis faseulobebze Ria diskusiisTvis;
* iyeneben iseT saswavlo meTodebs, romlebic xazs usvamen monawileobas, problemebis
gadaWras da gansxvavebebis pativiscemas;
* aZleven bavSvebs SesaZleblobas, rom praqtikaSi gadmoitanon mSvidobis gaZlierebis
dargSi SeZenili codna ara mxolod saswavlo garemoSi, aramed sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi;
* qmnian SesaZleblobebs mSvidobis, samarTlisa da uflebebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli
yvela pedagogis mudmivi gansjisa da profesiuli ganviTarebisTvis.4
ìuneskos~ muSaobis didi nawili eTmoba mSvidobis, adamianis uflebebisa da demokratiis

Temebze ganaTlebis xelSewyobas. 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisidan ìuneskom~ win wamowia
`mSvidobis kulturis~ sganmanaTleblo koncefcia im mizniT, rom `damkvidrdes mSvidobis
axali xedva mSvidobis kulturis ganviTarebiT, romelic damyarebuli iqneba iseT universalur
Rirebulebebze, rogoricaa sicocxlis pativiscema, Tavisufleba, samarTali, solidaroba,
tolerantoba, adamianis uflebebi da Tanasworoba qalTa da mamakacTa Soris~, da aseve xeli
Seewyos sganmanaTleblo da kvleviT saqmianobas am xedvisTvis.~5
mSvidobis Sesaxeb ganaTleba sxvadasxva sganamaTleblo sferoebis mniSvnelovani nawilia,
romelic mxars uWers adamianis uflebebs da mSvidobisa da demokratiis kulturas. ix. Tavi II, gv. 25.
evropis sabWo
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis preambula adasturebs aucilebel

urTierTdamokidebulebas mSvidobasa da adamianis uflebebs Soris, sadac aRniSnulia, rom
ZiriTad Tavisuflebebs
262
... efuZneba samarTlianoba da mSvidoba msoflioSi da romelTa dacva saukeTesod xorcieldeba,
erTis mxriv, efeqtiani demokratiuli politikiTa da, meores mxriv, adamianis uflebaTa saerTo
gagebiTa da maTi uzrunvelyofiT, rasac isini emyarebian.
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-5 muxli uzrunvelyofs pirad usafrTxoebas
yvelasTvis, gansakuTrebiT dakavebisa da dapatimrebis formiT saxelmwifos mxridan Carevis
winaaRmdeg.
evropis sabWo atarebs sxvadasxva RonisZiebebs xalxTa Soris tolerantobis, mSvidobis
da urTierTgagebis propagandis mizniT, maT Soris sganmanaTleblo programebs adamianis
uflebebis, demokratiuli moqalaqeobis, kulturaTaSorisi da religiaTaSorisi dialogis
Temebze. 2007 wels evropis sabWom gamosca `TeTri wigni kulturaTaSoris dialogze~, erTiani
politika kulturaTaSoris dialogis xelSewyobisTvis evropis farglebSi da evropasa da mis
mezobel regionebs Soris.
gaero Camoyalibda 1945 wels, raTa `daecva momavali Taobebi omis danaSaulisgan~,
`xelaxla ganemtkicebina rwmena adamianuri Rirsebisa da faseulobebisa da qalTa da mamakacTa
Tanasworuflebianobisa~, `Seeqmna iseTi pirobebi, rom aRsrulebuliyo kanoni da SesaZlebeli
yofiliyo SeTanxmebebisa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis sxva wyaroebidan warmoSobili
valdebulebebis Sesruleba~, da `xeli Seewyo socialuri progresisa da cxovrebis pirobebis
gaumjobesebisTvis Tavisuflebis ufro maRal xarisxSi~.6
mSvidobis Sesaxeb ganaTleba viTardeboda, rogorc saSualeba am miznebis ganxorcielebisTvis.
swored ganaTleba aris asaxuli adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis 26-e muxlSi,
romelic ara mxolod Seicavs uflebas ganaTlebis miRebaze, aramed konkretulad gansazRvravs
ganaTlebas, rogorc àdamianis pirovnebis sruli ganviTarebisken da adamianis uflebebisa da
fundamenturi Tavisuflebebis pativiscemis gamyarebisken mimarTul saSualebas~. is mxars uWers
ùrTierTgagebas, tolerantobasa da megobrobas yvela erebs Soris, yvela rasisa da religiis
warmomadgenlebs Soris~ da warmoadgens `mSvidobis SenarCunebisTvis gaero-s saqmianobis~
damatebiT xelSemwyob aspeqts.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis 38-e da 39-e muxlebi Seexeba bavSvTa uflebebs SeiaraRebuli
konfliqtebis dros. muxli 38 mouwodebs `yvela SesaZlo Zalisxmevis mobilizebisken, raTa
uzrunvelyofili iyos SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis Sedegad dazaralebuli yvela bavSvis dacva da
movla~. muxli 39 moiTxovs Zaladobis sxvadasxvagvari gamovlinebebis, maT Soris omis Sedegad
dazaralebul bavSvTa `fizikur da fsiqologiur reabilitacias da socialur reintegracias~.
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs sakiTxi SeiaraRebul ZalebSi gawvevisgan bavSvebis
dacvis Taobaze. muxli 38 krZalavs TxuTmet wlamde asakis bavSvebis mier samxedro moqmedebebSi
pirdapiri monawileobis miRebas, magram 2000 wels generalurma asambleam miiRo fakultaturi
oqmi SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi bavSvTa monawileobis Sesaxeb, romelic zrdis minimalur
asakobriv zRvars Tvramet wlamde.
263
...........................................................
sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Fountain, Susan, Peace Education in UNICEF: UNICEF, 1999:

www.unicef.org/girlseducation/files/PeaceEducation.pdf
* Myers-Walls, Judith A., Talking to Children about Terrorism and Armed Conflict:
Vol.7, No.1, 2002: North Carolina State Forum for Family and Consumer Issues:
www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/fcs/pub/2002w/myers-wall.html
.........................................................
* gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wesdeba: www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/ch-pream.htm

* bavSvebi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros: www.crin.org/themes/ViewTheme.asp?id=11
* deklaracia mSvidobis kulturis Sesaxeb: UNESCO, 2000:
www.unesco.org/cpp/uk/declarations/2000.htm
* evropis qartia mediis sferoSi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb: www.euromedialiteracy.eu/index.php
* istoriis saxelmZRvanelo, ganaTlebis Zireuli Secvla sokrates sibrZniseuli
suliskveTebiT: www.historyguide.org
* evropis sabWos TeTri wigni kulturaTaSorisi dialogis Sesaxeb:
www.coe.int/t/dg4/intercultural/default_en.asp
* 2000 wlis manifesti mSvidobisa da anti-Zaladobis kulturaze, mSvidobisa da
anti-Zaladobis kulturis saerTaSoriso dekada msoflios bavSvebisTvis,
2001 – 2010: UNESCO, 2000:
www.unesco.org/manifesto2000/uk/uk_manifeste.htm
* gaero-s virtualuri skolis avtobusi: www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/peace/home.asp
........................................................
1 Preparing the ‘White paper on intercultural dialogue’ of the Council of Europe, Consultation document p.3.
www.coe.int2 Ibid., p.6.
3 See Inspiring Quotations: www.peace.ca/inspiringquotations.htm
4 Fountain, Susan, Peace Education in UNICEF, 1999. p. 6.
5 UNESCO and a Culture of Peace, UNESCO Publishing, 1995.
6 See Charter of the United Nations: www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/ch-pream.htm
264
12. siRaribe da socialuri gariyva
monawile saxelmwifoebi cnoben yoveli bavSvis uflebas, uzrunvelyofili iyos cxovrebis
iseTi doniT, romelic aucilebelia misi fizikuri, gonebrivi, sulieri, zneobrivi da
socialuri ganviTarebisTvis.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, muxli 27.1
siRaribeSi myof adamians ara aqvs cxovrebis adekvaturi pirobebi, rogoric aris adekvaturi
sacxovrebeli da samosi, jansaRi sakvebi da sufTa sasmeli wyali, sakmarisi Semosavali,
samsaxuri; maTTvis ar aris xelmisawvdomi jandacvis momsaxureoba, ganaTleba da socialuri
momsaxureba. siRaribis mizezi SeiZleba gaxdes konkretuli movlenebi, rogoric aris omi an
bunebrivi katastrofa an SeiZleba qronikulad iyos gavrcelebuli mTels mosaxleobaSi, magram
rogoric ar unda iyos misi mizezi, siRaribe adamianis uflebebis darRvevaa. rodesac adamians
aklia elementaruli saarsebo saSualebebi, amiT safrTxe eqmneba adamianis sxva uflebebsac,
sicocxlis uflebasac ki. msoflio bankis monacemebiT, maSin, rodesac mdidar qveynebSi mxolod
asidan erTi bavSvi ver aRwevs Tavis mexuTe dabadebis dRes, Rarib qveynebSi sicocxles kargavs
asidan aTi bavSvi.1 magram, ayvavebul qveyanaSi cxovreba ar aris siRaribisgan ganTavisuflebis
garantia. bavSvTa siRaribis Sesaxeb gaero-s bavSvTa fondis angariSi amtkicebs, rom msoflios
umdidresi qveynebis macxovrebeli bavSvebis samidan ocdaxuT procentamde cxovrobs siRaribeSi.
amave angariSis Tanaxmad 47 milioni bavSvi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis organizaciis 29 wevri
qveynidan anu yoveli meeqvse cxovrobs
siRaribis erovnul zRvars qvemoT, romelic
gansazRvrulia, rogoc saSualo erovnuli bavSvebi ufrosebisgan gansxvavebulad
Semosavlis naxevari.2 ganicdian siRaribes. siRaribe Seadgens
yvela sazogadoeba iRvwis socialuri bavSvebis yoveldRiur cxovrebas da aqvs
erTobis misaRwevad. amisTvis is aZlierebs im mzardi da negatiuri efeqti maT cxovre-
faqtorebs, romlebic adamianebs akavSirebs baze.3
da ebrZvis im damangrevel Zalebs, romlebic marta santos paisi
maT aSorebT. nebismieri sazogadoebis iunisefis kvleviTi centri
gayofis erT-erTi ZiriTadi faqtori aris Innocenti-s direqtori
Rrma ufskrulis arseboba mdidrebsa da
Raribebs Soris. amgvarad, siRaribis daZleva
ara mxolod aumjobesebs RaribTa cxovrebas,
aramed xels uwyobs adamianis uflebebis dacvis kulturis damkvidrebas da aumjobesebs mTeli
265
sazogadoebis socialur erTobas.4
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis 27-e muxli aRiarebs bavSvis uflebas, hqondes cxovrebis
adekvaturi done Sesabamisad misi fizikuri, gonebrivi, sulieri, moraluri da socialuri
ganviTarebisa da mouwodebs saxelmwifoebs, rom daexmaron im ojaxebs, romelTac ar SeuZliaT
uzrunvelyon TavianTi SvilebisTvis es elementaruli pirobebi, gansakuTrebiT kvebis, samosisa
da sacxovreblis TvalsazrisiT. konvenciis 26-e muxli Semdgom gamoyofs bavSvis uflebas, rom
miiRos socialuri dazRvevis SeRavaTebi, romlebic exmareba bavSvs ganviTarebaSi da normalur
cxovrebaSi. magram, bevr saxelmwifos ar gaaCnia finansuri saxsrebi an politikuri neba, rom
daakmayofilos bavSvebis moTxovnilebebi. mdidar qveynebSic ki bavSvebis didi raodenoba
cxovrobs gaWirvebaSi. gaerTianebul samefoSi, magaliTad, yoveli mexuTe bavSvi cxovrobs
siRaribeSi.5
evrokavSirSi bavSvTa siRaribis maCvenebeli meryeobs da aWarbebs 15%-s samxreT evropul
qveynebSi (portugalia, espaneTi da italia) da naklebia 5%-ze CrdiloeTis oTx qveyanaSi (dania,
fineTi, norvegia da SvedeTi). CrdiloeT evropis cxra qveyanam moaxerxa bavSvTa siRaribis
maCveneblis daweva 10%-ze qvemoT.6 miuxedavad amisa, ar arsebobs aSkara urTierTkavSiri bavSvTa
keTildReobis donesa da erT sul mosaxleze mSp-s maCvenebels Soris. magaliTad, CexeTis
respublika aRwevs bavSvTa keTildReobis ufro maRal saerTo dones, vidre gacilebiT ufro
mdidari qveynebi, maT Soris safrangeTi da avstria. norvegia aris erTaderTi evropuli qveyana,
sadac bavSvTa siRaribe xasiaTdeba, rogorc Zalian dabali da mudmivad klebadi.7
evrokavSiris farglebSi mimdinare mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri, politikuri, garemosdacviTi
da socialuri cvlilebebi pirdapir zegavlenas axdens bavSvebze. evrokavSiris romelime
qveyanaSi mcxovrebi axalgazrdebi savaraudod siRaribis ufro didi riskis winaSe dganan, vidre
mTlianad mosaxleoba (20% 0-15 wlis bavSvebi da 21% 16-24 wlis axalgazrdebi, xolo ufrosebi
- 16%).8 bavSvebi, romlebic cxovroben Rarib mSoblebTan an ver cxovroben TavianT mSoblebTan
erTad, iseve rogorc zogierTi eTnikuri umciresobis warmomadgeneli bavSvebi, gansakuTrebiT
daucvelni arian siRaribis, gariyulobisa da diskriminaciis winaSe.9
mdgomareoba ufro seriozulia aRmosavleT da samxreT evropaSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom
siRaribeSi mcxovreb bavSvTa saerTo ricxvma iklo ukanaskneli aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, yoveli
meoTxe bavSvi anu daaxloebiT 18 milioni bavSvi kvlavac ukidures siRaribeSi cxovrobs
samxreT-aRmosavleT evropis da dsT-s qveynebSi. marTalia regionis ekonomikurma aRorZinebam
gaumjobesebuli pirobebi Seqmna ufrosebis umravlesobisTvis, Innocenti-is socialuri monitori10
iuwyeba, rom bevri bavSvi moklebulia msgavs upiratesobebs. angariSis daskvnis Tanaxmad,
miuxedavad im didi gansxvavebebisa, romlebic arsebobs am regionis qveynebSi, mTavrobebis
umetesoba ar xarjavs sakmaris saxsrebs bavSvebze.
kiTxva: rogor fiqrobT, ra aris siRaribis yvelaze mniSvnelovani da grZelvadiani Sedegebi

bavSvebze?
mtkicebulebebi mravali qveynidan ucvlelad cxadyofs, rom bavSvebi, romlebic izrdebian

siRaribeSi, zogadad ufro daucvelebi arian: savaraudod maTi janmrTeloba ufro sustia,
maT uWirT swavla da aqvT qceviTi problemebi, dabali Sedegebi aqvT skolaSi, ufro adre
orsuldebian, ufro SezRuduli unarebi da miswrafebebi aqvT, nakleb anazRaurebas iReben, ver
Souloben samuSaos da damokidebuli arian socialur Semweobaze.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom adamianebi, romlebic aRmoCndebian damamcirebel situaciaSi an
ukiduresi gaWirvebis pirobebSi sxvadasxva araxelsayreli garemoebebis ZaliT, ganicdian
`socialur izolacias~.11 socialuri izolacia da SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi ganaTlebaSi,
dasaqmebasa da ganviTarebaSi gansakuTrebulad emuqrebaT Raribi mSoblebis Svilebs. adekvaturi
sacxovrebeli pirobebis uflebis garda, siRaribe pirdapir ganapirobebs Raribi bavSvisTvis sxva
uflebebis CamorTmevas: is arTmevs bavSvs ganaTlebis, gaerTianebisa da Sekrebis, dasvenebisa
da gantvirTvis, sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi monawileobis da sxva samoqalaqo da politikur
uflebebs.
is ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri procesebi, romlebic iwveven siRaribes,
Cveulebriv erTmaneTs aZliereben, riTic amZafreben Tavis zemoqmedebas gaWirvebuli xalxis
cxovrebaze. amis gamo Raribi bavSvi erovnuli umciresobidan SeiZleba gaxdes erTdroulad
rogorc rasistuli diskriminaciis, ise siRaribiT gamowveuli arasrulfasovani pirobebis
msxverpli. socialuri gariyulobis garda bevri emigranti, devnili da boSa bavSvi dgas
arasaTanado ganaTlebis, arasakmarisi jandacvis momsaxurebis da bavSvTa Sromis riskis winaSe.
mTvarobebma unda daZlion bavSvTa siRaribis problema imiT, rom uzrunvelyon maTTvis
socialuri (ganaTleba, jandacva, socialuri Semweoba) da sazogadoebrivi servisebis (wyali,
eleqtroenergia, transporti) misawvdomoba. sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi TavianT rols
asruleben siRaribis daZlevis saqmeSi imiT, rom uzrunvelyofen gadaudebel daxmarebas
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sakvebis, tanisamosis, samedicino daxmarebisa da ganaTlebis saxiT. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
SigniT moqmed mTavrobebs da organizaciebs SeuZliaT SesTavazon Rarib mosaxleobas momgebiani
proeqtebi, daexmaron mcire biznesebis ganviTarebaSi da Seuqmnan dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebi,
damatebiTi profesiuli momzadebisa da xelobis Semswavleli programebi.
Raribi xalxis sakvebiTa da TavSesafriT uzrunvelyofa aucilebeli, magram moklevadiani
zomaa. Tumca grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi siRaribis daZlevisTvis saWiroa gaZlierdes Raribi
adamianebis roli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi, uzrunvelyofili iyos ganviTareba
sazogadoebriv sawyisebze da aRmoifxvras diskriminacia sqesis, eTnikuri warmomavlobisa da
socialuri statusis niadagze. umTavresi taqtika siRaribis SemcirebisTvis aris ekonomikuri
zrdis stimulireba, bazris muSaobis gaumjobeseba Raribi xalxisTvis da maTi unar-Cvevebis
ganviTareba. es is funqciebia, romlebic rogorc pirovnebebma da organizaciebma, mTavrobam da
samoqalaqo sazogadoebam erToblivi ZalisxmeviT unda Seasrulos.
vinaidan msoflio dgas bavSvTa siRaribisa da mzardi socialuri izolaciis safrTxis
winaSe, ukanasknel wlebSi ramdenime evropulma qveyanam SeimuSava samTavrobo strategia maT
dasamarcxeblad. es kompleqsuri strategiebi gamiznulia ara mxolod iseTi damxmare zomebis
gasaZliereblad, rogoricaa socialuri Semweoba, jandacvis momsaxureba da adreul asakSi
bavSvebze mzrunveloba, aramed ojaxebisa da maT Soris bavSvebisTvis uflebebis miniWebasa da
qmedunarianobis asamaRleblad, rac moicavs xarisxiani ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobas yvela
bavSvisTvis, mSobelTa ganaTlebas da adgilobrivi politikis formirebisTvis gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis procesSi bavSvTa monawileobis xelSewyobas. rasizmTan da diskriminaciis sxvadasxva
formebTan brZola siRaribis daZlevis programebis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia.
evropis sabWo
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis (romelic uzrunvelyofs adamianis samoqalaqo da

politikur uflebebs) damatebas warmoadgens evropis socialuri qartia, romelic miRebuli
iqna 1961 wels, xolo Sesworda 1996 wels da uzrunvelyofs adamianis socialur da ekonomikur
uflebebs. rogorc adamianis uflebebis damcveli dokumentebis umravlesoba, adamianis
uflebaTa evropuli konvencia Seicavs mkacr debulebebs diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg. marTalia
is konkretulad ar asaxelebs siRaribes, rogorc socialuri marginalizaciis mizezs, magram
is aRniSnavs `qonebas... an sxva statuss“. exeba ra adamianis yoveldRiuri cxovrebis aspeqtebs,
evropis socialuri qartia moicavs siRaribis bevr ZiriTad komponents:
* sacxovrebeli: adekvaturi da xelmisawvdomi saxovreblis arseboba; usaxlkarobis
Semcireba.
* janmrTeloba: xelmisawvdomi, efeqtiani jandacvis momsaxureba mTeli mosaxleobisTvis,
maT Soris profilaqtikuri zomebi.
* ganaTleba: ufaso dawyebiTi da saSualo ganaTleba da profesiuli orientacia; uwyveti
profesiuli momzadeba.
* dasaqmeba: ekonomikuri da socialuri politika, romelic gamiznulia sayovelTao
dasaqmebis uzrunvelyofisken.
* samarTlebrivi da socialuri dacva: socialuri dazRvevis, socialuri Semweobisa
da socialuri momsaxurebis ufleba; siRaribisa da socialuri marginalizaciisgan dacvis
ufleba.
qartiis am debulebaTagan umTavresia muxli 30 - siRaribisa da socialuri marginalizaciisgan

dacvis ufleba:
imisTvis, rom Seiqmnas efeqturi meqanizmi siRaribisa da socialuri marginalizaciisgan
dacvis uflebis ganxorcielebisTvis, mxareebi iReben valdebulebas:
* miiRon zomebi erTiani da koordinirebuli midgomis farglebSi, rom xeli Seuwyon im
adamianebs, romlebic cxovroben an dganan socialuri izolaciis an siRaribis riskis winaSe,
aseve maTi ojaxebisTvis, konkretulad Semdegi sferoebis efeqtur uzrunvelyofas: dasaqmeba,
sacxovrisi, profesiuli momzadeba, ganaTleba, kultura, socialuri da samedicino daxmareba;
* saWiroebisamebr gadaxedon aRniSnul zomebs maTi realobasTan adaptaciis mizniT.
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi aris ramdenime muxli, romelic avaldebulebs

saxelmwifoebs, miawodon Sesabamisi momsaxurebebi da daxmareba Tavis moqalaqeebs maTTvis
267
adekvaturi sacxovrebeli pirobebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT:
* socialuri dazRvevis ufleba, muxli 22;
* Tanabari samuSaosTvis Tanabari anazRaurebis miRebis ufleba, muxli 23;
* dasvenebisa da gantvirTvis ufleba, muxli 24;
* ganaTlebis ufleba, muxli 26;
* kulturul cxovrebaSi monawileobis ufleba, muxli 27.
yvelaze pirdapir siRaribisa da socialuri gariyvis Temas ukavSirdeba muxli 25:
1. yvelas aqvs ufleba, hqondes cxovrebis iseTi done, sakvebis, tansacmlis,

sacxovreblis, samedicino da saWiro socialuri momsaxurebis CaTvliT, romelic
aucilebelia TviTon misi da misi ojaxis janmrTelobisa da keTildReobis SesanarCuneblad,
da ufleba uzrunvelyofili iyos umuSevrobis, avadmyofobis, invalidobis, qvrivobis,
moxucebulobis an misgan damoukidebel garemoebaTa gamo arsebobis saSualebaTa dakargvis
sxva SemTxvevaSi.
2. dedoba da Cvili yrmis asaki iZleva gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobiTa da daxmarebiT

sargeblobis uflebas. yvela bavSvi, dabadebuli qorwinebaSi Tu qorwinebis gareSe, unda
sargeblobdes erTnairi socialuri dacviT.
yvela saxelmwifos ar gaaCnia imis resursebi, rom daexmaros yvela umuSevars, avadmyofs,
unarSezRudul adamians, moxucebuls an sxvebs, visac ar ZaluZs Seiqmnas cxovrebis adekvaturi
pirobebi, magram mTavrobebi valdebulni arian gascen imdeni daxmareba, ramdenic SeuZliaT.
adamianis uflebebi pirdapir asaxavs adamianur saWiroebebs. sakvebi, tanisamosi, TavSesafari da
jandacva ar aris ubralod aucilebeli sococxlisTvis; es aris is, rac aucilebelia adamianuri
RirsebisTvis.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia farTod ganixilavs bavSvis ekonomikuri keTildReobis
uzrunvelyofis Temas. maSin, rodesac ZiriTadi pasuximgebloba bavSvis movlaze, ganviTrebasa
da daxmarebaze ekisrebaT mis mSoblebs, saxelmwifo valdebulia daexmaros mSoblebsa da
meurveebs, Tu maT ar SeuZliaT saTanadod izrunon bavSvze (muxli 18). konvencia aseve uflebas
aniWebs yvela bavSvs, hqondes:
* janmrTelobis maqsimalurad miRwevadi done da isargeblos samkurnalo da
sareabilitacio dawesebulebebis momsaxurebiT (muxli 24);
* adekvaturi sacxovrebeli pirobebi bavSvis fizikuri, gonebrivi, sulieri, moraluri da
socialuri ganviTarebisTvis (muxli 27);
* ufleba, rom isargeblos socialuri uzrunvelyofiT, maT Soris socialuri dazRveviT
(muxli 26).
yvela saxelmwifos rom hqondes saWiro resursebi da politikuri neba, rom srulad Seasrulos
bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia, ar iarsebebdnen usaxlkaro an mSieri bavSvebi.
268
..............................................................
sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Bradshaw, Jonathan and Benette, Fran, Fifth Report on United Kingdom National Action Plan On Social
Inclusion 2003-2005: Social Policy Research Unit, University of York, Heslington, York, 2004: http://ec.europa.eu/
employment_social/social_inclusion/docs/3uk_en.pdf
* Child Poverty in Perspective: An overview of child well-being in rich countries: UNICEF Innocenti Research
Centre, 2007: www.unicef-icdc.org/publications/pdf/rc7_eng.pdf
* Ending Child Poverty within the EU? A review of the 2006-08 national reports on strategies for social protection
and social inclusion: Eurochild, 2007:
www.nabukeuropa.de/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/Handlungsund_Themenfelder/
Jugendsozialarbeit/Final_NAPs_report_January_2007.pdf
* Huster, Ernst U., Benz, Benjamin, and Boeckh, Jurgen, Implementation of the National Action Plan of Germany
against Poverty and Social Exclusion (NAPincl) on the Regional and Local Level: Second report 2004 of the non-
governmental experts: Bochum, 2004:
http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/social_inclusion/docs/3de_en.pdf
* Innocenti Social Monitor 2006: Understanding Child Poverty in South-eastern Europe and the Commonwealth
of Independent States: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, 2006: www.unicef.org/ceecis/SocialMonitor-20061018.pdf
* Malta National Action Plan on Poverty and Social Exclusion 2004-2006:
http://mfss.gov.mt/documents/msp/nap_incl_mt_20040703.pdf
* Minoff, Elisa, The UK Commitment: Ending Child Poverty by 2020: Center for Law and Social Policy,
Washington DC, 2006: www.clasp.org/publications/uk_childpoverty.pdf
* A League Table of Child Poverty in Rich Nations: UNICEF, 2000:
www.unicef-icdc.org/publications/pdf/repcard1e.pdf
* Strategy for Social Cohesion, Council of Europe Document (CDCS (2000) 43):
www.coe.int/t/dg3/socialpolicies/socialcohesiondev/source/strategy_fr.doc
* Towards a EU Strategy on the Rights of the Child: Communication from the Commission COM (2006) 367 final,
Brussels, 2006:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2006/com2006_0367en01.pdf
* World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking poverty, World Bank, 2000:
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPOVERTY/Resources/WDR/English-Full-Text-Report/
ch3.pdf
....................................................
sasargeblo vebgverdi:
* evropis socialuri qartia: http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/en/Reports/HTML/163.htmv
.......................................................
1 World Development Report 2000/2001: Attacking poverty, World Bank, 2000.

2 A League Table of Child Poverty in Rich Nations: UNICEF, 2000, p. 4.
3 Ibid., p. iii.
4 Strategy for Social Cohesion, Document (CDCS (2000) 43): Council of Europe, 2000, pp. 7-10.
5 A League Table of Child Poverty in Rich Nations: UNICEF, 2000.
6 Child Poverty in Perspective: An overview of child well-being in rich countries: UNICEF Innocenti
Research Centre, 2007, p. 5.
7 Ibid., p.6.
8 Ibid.
9 Towards an EU Strategy on the Rights of the Child: Communication from the Commission COM (2006) 367
final, Brussels, 2006.
10 Innocenti Social Monitor 2006: Understanding Child Poverty in South-eastern Europe and the Commonwealth
of Independent States:
UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, 2006.
11 See European Social Charter: http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/en/Reports/HTML/163.htm
269
13. Zaladoba
... monawile saxelmwifoebi yvela aucilebel sakanonmdeblo, administraciul, socialur
da sganmanaTleblo zomas Rebuloben im mizniT, raTa bavSvi daicvan mSoblebis, kanonieri
meurveebis an bavSvze mzrunveli nebismieri sxva piris mxridan yvelanairi formis fizikuri
Tu fsiqologiuri Zaladobisgan, Seuracxyofisa Tu borotad gamoyenebisgan, mzrunvelobis
moklebisa Tu daudevari mopyrobisgan, uxeSi moqcevisa Tu eqspluataciisgan, seqsualuri
borotebis CaTvliT.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, muxli 19
Zaladoba niSnavs Zalis gamoyenebas an muqaras, romelmac SeiZleba gamoiwvios sxeulis

dazianeba, zarali, danakargi an sikvdilic ki. mas SeiZleba hqondes garkveuli mizani, rogoricaa
dasja an adamianis iZuleba, rom moiqces sakuTari survilis sawinaaRmdegod an SeiZleba iyos
sisastikis SemTxveviTi gamovlineba. is SeiZleba iyos fizikuri, sityvieri an fsiqologiuri.
ra formiTac ar unda gamovlindes Zaladoba, is adamianis uflebebis darRvevaa. miuxedavad
imisa, rom bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia da mravali sxva saerTaSoriso da regionuli SeTanxmeba
iZleva bavSvis fizikuri xelSeuxeblobis, usafrTxoebisa da Rirsebis dacvis garantias, bavSvTa
mimarT Zaladoba kvlavac farTod aris gavrcelebuli. mas adgili aqvs evropis yvela qveyanaSi,
adamianebis eTnikuri warmomavlobis Tu socialuri fenis miuxedavad.
bavSvTa mimarT cudad mopyroba iyofa oTx zogad kategoriad:
emociuri Seuracxyofa: aman SeiZleba miiRos sityvieri Seuracxyofis, fsiqikuri Cagvrisa
da fsiqologiuri damcirebis formebi. es aris iseTi moqmedebebis Cadena an Seusrulebloba
mSoblebis an momvlelebis mier, romlebic iwveven an SeiZleba gamoiwvion seriozuli qceviTi,
SemecnebiTi, emociuri an mentaluri darRvevebi.
ugulebelyofa: bavSvis elementaruli moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis SeuZlebloba. es SeiZleba
iyos fizikuri, emociouri an ganaTlebis kuTxiT. fizikur ugulebelyofaSi SeiZleba Sediodes
adekvaturi sakvebis an tanisamosis, saTanado samedicino momsaxurebis, zedamxedvelobis an
bunebis ZalTagan dacvis uzrunvelyofis SeuZlebloba. aq aseve SeiZleba Sediodes mitovebac.
ganaTlebis TvalsazrisiT ugulebelyofa moicavs adekvaturi saskolo an specialuri
ganaTlebis moTxovnilebebis daukmayofileblobas da gadaWarbebuli sizarmacis daSvebas.
fsiqologiuri ugulebelyofa moicavs siyvarulis da emociuri mxardaWeris naklebobas da
Cagvrisgan bavSvis daucvelobas, rac moicavs aseve bavSvisTvis uflebis micemas, rom gaxdes
narkotikuli da alkoholuri saSualebebis momxmarebeli.
fizikuri Seuracxyofa: bavSvisTvis fizikuri zianis miyeneba. amaSi Sedis dawva, dartyma,
muStebiT cema, SenjRreva, wixlis amortyma, cema an sxvagvarad bavSvisTvis zianis miyeneba. aseTi
zianis miyeneba iTvleba Seuracxofad, imisda miuxedavad hqonda Tu ara ufross ganzraxuli
amis gakeTeba. magaliTad, zianis miyeneba SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos disciplinis damyarebis
270
gadametebuli mcdelobiT an fizikuri dasjiT, rac Seuferebelia bavSvis asakisTvis.
seqsualuri Seuracxyofa: arasaTanado seqsualuri qceva bavSvTan moicavs bavSvis sasqeso
organoebis moferebas, bavSvis iZulebas, rom moeferos ufrosis sasqeso organoebs, seqsualuri
kavSiris damyarebas, sisxlis aRrevas, gaupatiurebas, homoseqsualizms, egzibicionizms da
seqsualur eqspluatacias. amaSi Sedis bavSvis iZuleba, motyueba, moqrTamva, daSineba an
zewolis ganxorcieleba seqsualuri gaTviTcnobierebis an aqtis Catarebis mizniT. seqsualur
Seuracxofas adgili aqvs, rodesac ufrosi asakis an ufro gaTviTcnobierebuli bavSvi an ufrosi
iyenebs bavSvs seqsualuri siamovnebis misaRebad. seqsualuri Seuracxofa aris Zalis borotad
gamoyeneba bavSvis mimarT da warmoadgens darRvevas bavSvis uflebisa, hqondes normaluri,
jansaRi da sando urTierTobebi.
aseTi Zaladoba gamanadgurebel zemoqmedebas axdens bavSvebze. is safrTxes uqmnis maT
keTildReobas, normalurad swavlisa da socializaciis unars. is tovebs fizikur da emociur
Wrilobebs, romlebic axdenen xangrZlivi travmebis provocirebas. ufro metic, gamokvlevam
aCvena, rom Zaladoba warmoSobs Zaladobas: Seuracxyofili bavSvi gansakuTrebiT midrekilia
imisken, rom gaxdes agresori mSobeli.
bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZola unda mimdinareobdes yvela struqturul
doneze. ganaTleba, profesiuli momzadeba da qmedunarianobis amaRleba saWiroa
informirebulobis donis amaRlebisTvis da araZaladobrivi qcevis kulturis damkvidrebisTvis.
gamWvirvale politika da efeqturi angariSgebis meqanizmebi aucilebelia, iseve, rogorc
aqtiuri propaganda, raTa Zaladobis aRkveTis sakiTxi Sevides politikur dRis wesrigSi.
Zaladoba ojaxSi
bevr evropul qveyanaSi sazogadoeba tolerantulad da zogjer mowonebiTac ki ekideba

bavSvTa mimarT periodulad Zaladobis zogierTi formis gamoyenebas, kerZod, fizikur dasjas,
romelsac ojaxi iyenebs disciplinis saxiT. Zaladobis aseTi gamovlineba arapirdapiri formiT
daSvebulia kanondamcavi organoebis mxridan, romlebic ar aRiareben aseT qmedebas danaSaulad.
maSinac, rodesac saxelmwifoebi gamoscemen kanons ojaxuri Zaladobis winaaRmdeg, kanonis
ganxorcieleba SeiZleba iyos seleqciuri an saerTod ar arsebobdes. cudi mopyrobis gamo
yovelkvireulad aTobiT evropeli bavSvi kvlavac iRupeba.1
Zaladoba SeiZleba iyos faruli da Znelad gamosavleni, rodesac mas sCadian adamianebi,
romlebic Seadgenen bavSvis yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawils iseT adgilebSi, romlebic unda
iyos TavSesafari bavSvisTvis, magaliTad skola, ojaxi an bavSvTa saxli. imis gamo, rom Zaladoba
ojaxSi bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis yvelaze naklebad aSkara formaa, Znelia statistikuri
monacemebis mopoveba, romlebic xSirad arasandoa. bevr bavSvs eSinia xmamaRla laparaki ojaxis
wevrebis sawinaaRmdegod, gansakuTrebiT seqsualuri Seuracxyofis SemTxvevaSi. es siCume
upirobo pasuxismgelobas akisrebs yvelas, vinc muSaobs bavSvebTan, rom amoicnon Zaladobis
niSnebi da ganacxadon amis Sesaxeb yvela konkretul SemTxvevaSi.
evropis sabWos wevri qveynebis erTma mesamedma gaauqmna fizikuri dasja (avstria, bulgareTi,
xorvatia, kviprosi, dania, fineTi, germania, ungreTi, islandia, italia, latvia, norvegia,
portugalia, rumineTi, SvedeTi da ukraina),2 xolo sxvebma aiRes pasuxismgebloba samarTlebrivi
reformis gatarebze. am pozitiuri nabijebis miuxedavad fizikuri dasja kvlav rCeba
kanonierad ramodenime qveyanaSi da iTvleba `disciplinis~ misaReb formad. saxlSi fizikuri
dasjis aRsakveTad saWiroa mSoblebis mier damokidebulebis Secvla bavSvebis aRzrdis ufro
pozitiuri, araZaladobrivi meTodebisken.
Zaladoba skolaSi
yoveli meaTe skolis moswavle xdeba skolaSi Zaladobis msxverpli da es cifri izrdeba.3
Zaladobis done naklebad ukavSirdeba qveynis ekonomikur keTildReobas, is damokidebulia
qveynis damokidebulebaze bavSvebis mimarT da maT politikur mniSvnelobaze sazogadoebaSi.4
fizikuri dasja akrZalulia evropis umetes skolaSi, Tumca sakmaod gavrcelebulia daSineba
da devna. bavSvebi, romlebic odnav gansxvavebulebi arian - ufro Wkvianebi, taniT ufro didebi
an patarebi arian, an gansxvavebuli kanis feri an aqcenti aqvT - xdebian sarkastuli xumrobebis,
Worebis, lanZRvis, damamcirebeli situaciebisa da izolaciis da aseve piradad maTze an maT
nivTebze fizikuri Setevebis samizne.
daSinebam skolebSi SeiZleba miiRos jgufuri Zaladobis an rasistuli motiviT Setevebis
forma, rac gansakuTrebiT mimarTulia eTnikuri umciresobebisa da emigrantebisken. dRes
daSineba xSirad xdeba virtualuri formiT, rodesac internetis saSualebiT xdeba bavSvis
damamcirebeli fotoebis da masze Seuracxmyofeli komentarebis gavrceleba. vinaidan daSinebis
271
aseTi forma umetesad anonimuri, myisieri da Sorsgamiznulia, is gansakuTrebiT sazianoa
dazaralebuli bavSvebisTvis. aseTi Zaladobis msxverpli bavSvebisTvis skola teroris da ara
swavlis adgili xdeba. gaero-s msoflio angariSi bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb amtkicebs,
rom gogonebs evropaSi ufro metad aSineben, vidre vaJebs da rom Zaladobis 80% skolebSi
sruldeba 12-16 wlis asakobrivi jgufis mier.5
saWiroa sazogadoebis informireba da skolebSi Zaladobis mimarT tolerantulobis
srulad aRkveTa. skolis xelmZRvanelebs, maswavleblebs da mSoblebs unda SeeZloT Zaladobis
simptomebis aRmoCena da operatiuli reagirebis moxdena. yvela skolas unda hqondes Sesabamisi
prevenciuli strategia, rom aRmofxvras Zaladoba da danergos bavSvebisTvis gamartivebuli,
konfidencialuri gasaCivrebis sistema. bavSvebis CarTva informaciis gavrcelebisa da
TanatolTa daxmarebis procesSi efeqturi saSualebebia skolebSi Zaladobis aRmofxvrisTvis.
evropis skolebSi Zaladobis observatoria ikvlevs Zaladobas skolebsa da qalaqebSi.

safrangeTSi viqtor segalenis bordos universitetis bazaze is Seiswavlis Zaladobis
Temas belgiaSi, germaniaSi, italiaSi, espaneTSi, Sveicariasa da gaerTianebul samefoSi,
iseve rogorc zogierT araevropul qveyanaSi, kerZod, kanadaSi, iaponiaSi, meqsikasa da
burkina fasoSi.
observatoria ikvlevs ZaladobasTan dakavSirebul problemebs da koordinacias uwevs
partniorTa saerTaSoriso qselis muSaobas, romelTa Soris arian iunesko da evropis
parlamenti.
evropis skolebSi Zaladobis observatoria: www.obsviolence.com/english/presentation/index.html
mediisa da internetis gavlena
internets da mediis sxva formebs SeuZliaT mravalgvari riskis winaSe daayenon axalgazrdebi.
nebsiT Tu uneblied iseTi Seuferebeli masalis xilva, rogoric aris Zaladobis amsaxveli
fotoebi, rasistuli propaganda da pornografia, warmoadgens Zaladobis formas. internetis
meSveobiT bavSvi aseve SeiZleba gaxdes seqsualuri Seuracxyofisa da pedofiliis msxverpli,
usafrTxo ojaxur garemoSic ki.6 media da interneti, gv. 247, diskusia Temaze mediaganaTleba
bavSvebis aseTi tipis eqspluataciisgan dacvis mizniT. 2006 wels evropis sabWos ministrTa
komitetma gamosca specialuri rekomendacia bavSvebisTvis uflebebis miniWebis Sesaxeb axal
sainformacio da sakomunikacio garemoSi.7
bavSvebis seqsualuri Seuracxyofa
bavSvis seqsualuri Seuracxyofa da eqspluatacia seriozuli problemebia dRevandel

evropaSi. es SeiZleba gamovlindes bevrnairi formiT, rogoric aris incesti, pornografia,
prostitucia, adamianTa trefikingi da TanatolTa seqsualuri Cagvra, romelTagan yvela
seriozul zians ayenebs bavSvis gonebriv da fizikur janmrTelobas.
Sefasebulia, rom evropaSi bavSvebis aTidan oc procentamde ganicdis seqsualur Cagvras
bavSvobaSi.8 Tumca, msxverplTa umravlesoba ar acxadebs maT mimarT Cadenili danaSaulis
Sesaxeb. bevri maTgani Zalian mcirewlovania im dros, rom mixvdes Tu ra moxda. sxvebs SeiZleba
ar hyavdeT aravin, visac endobian an vinc maT daujerebT, an imdenad Sercxvenilad, damnaSaved
da yvelasgan motyuebulad grZnoben Tavs, rom aravis eubnebian momxdaris Sesaxeb. bevri
daSinebulia Seuracxmyofelis mier, romelic manipulirebs msxverpliT da umetes SemTxvevaSi
aris ojaxis wevri an ufrosi megobari, romelsac bavSvi icnobs.
iZulebiTi prostitucia da organizebuli pedofilia aris seqsualuri Seuracxyofis sxva
formebi, rodesac bavSvs aiZuleben, rom daamyaros seqsualuri kavSiri ucxo pirebTan da sxva
ufrosebTan ufrosi suteniorisTvis gadaxdili fulis sanacvlod. bavSvebi SeiaraRebuli
konfliqtis pirobebSi, iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli, emigranti da devnili bavSvebi, bavSvTa
saxlebis aRsazrdelebi, bavSvebi, romelTac akliaT ojaxis mxardaWera da siRaribeSi mcxovrebi
bavSvebi gansakuTrebiT daucvelni arian seqsualuri eqspluataciis yvela gamovlinebis winaSe.
mSoblebs, maswavleblebs, socialur muSakebs da kanonmdeblebs - yvelas eniWebaT roli bavSvebis
seqsualuri Seuracxyofisgan dacvis saqmeSi.
272
bavSvTa trefikingi
adamianTa trefikingi warmoadgens monebiT vaWrobis Tanamedrove versias. adamianebs

epyrobian, rogorc moxmarebis sgans, romelic iyideba da maTze xorcieldeba eqspluataciis
yvela forma. trefikingi aris adamianis uflebebis darRveva da pirovnebis Rirsebisa da
xelSeuxeblobis Seuracxyofa.
`trefikingis msxverpli~ bavSvi aris Tvramet wlamde asakis nebismieri piri, romelsac iyvanen
samuSaod, amgzavreben, aZleven TavSesafars da iReben eqspluataciis mizniT, qveynis SigniT an
gareT. zogierT SemTxvevaSi bavSvebs motyuebiT iTreven trefikingSi swavlisa da mogzaurobis
dapirebebiT; zogjer ki maTi gaRaribebuli ojaxebi abareben maT fuladi kompensaciis
sanacvlod.
trefikingis Sedegad bavSvebi xdebian Zaladobisa da seqsualuri Cagvris msxverplni,
rac bRalavs maT uflebas, rom SeinarCunon pirovnuli individualizmi, aRizardon ojaxSi,
miiRon ganaTleba da jandacvis momsaxureba, daisvenon da ganitvirTon, iyvnen Tavisufalni
damamcirebeli mopyrobisa da dasjisgan. (ixileT, aseve diskusia bavSvTa Sromis Sesaxeb TemaSi
swavla da Tavisufali dro, gv. 221).
evropaSi bavSvTa trefikingis mizani, rogorc wesi, maTi seqsualuri eqspluatacia
an iZulebiTi Sromaa. trefikingis msxverpl bavSvebs iTreven prostituciaSi, aiZuleben
daqorwinebas an ukanonod iyvanen Svilad; isini iaf an ufaso muSaxels warmoadgenen soflis
meurneobaSi an ukiduresad mZime samuSaoebze, muSaoben Sina mosamsaxureebad an maTxovrebad
da maT iyeneben sportSi. imis gamo, rom isini kanongareSe arian, trefikingis msxverpl bavSvebs
Cveulebriv malaven sazogadoebisgan da maTi identifikacia garTulebulia. radganac xSirad
isini ar saubroben adgilobriv enaze da imyofebian mkacri zedamxedvelobis qveS, maTi gaqcevis
an daxmarebis Ziebis SesaZleblobebi Zalzed SezRudulia.
socialurad daucveli bavSvebis jgufebi
miuxedavad imisa, rom bavSvTa mimarT Zaladoba ar Semoifargleba mxolod erTi jgufiT an
ekonomikuri klasiT, zogierTi bavSvi gansakuTrebiT daucvelia Cagvrisgan. aseTebi arian:
* usaxlkaro qalaqeli bavSvebi: `quCis bavSvebi~ seqsualuri eqspluataciis gacilebiT
ufro maRali riskis jgufs warmoadgenen, gansakuTrebiT gogonebi. ìunisefis~ cnobiT,
dResdReobiT msoflioSi 100 milion bavSvze meti cxovrobs quCaSi.9 evropis yvela did qalaqSi
naxavT aTasobiT quCis bavSvs da maTi ricxvi matulobs umuSevrobis, siRaribisa da emigraciis
gamo.
* unarSezRuduli bavSvebi: miuxedavad imisa, rom unarSezRuduli bavSvebi xSirad
xdebian Seuracxyofis, maT Soris Zaladobisa da seqsualuri Cagvris samizne, bavSvTa
damcveli samsaxurebi iSviaTad aqceven yuradRebas maT saWiroebebs. realurad, socialurma
samsaxurebma SeiZleba Tavad daCagron unarSezRuduli bavSvebi maTi, rogorc `gansakuTrebul~
an `gaWirvebul~ adamianebad stigmatizaciis Sedegad. bevr aspeqtSi unarSezRudul bavSvebs
aswavlian, rom iyvnen kargi msxverpli, gansakuTrebiT gogonebs, romelTac naklebad afaseben,
vidre biWebs. savaraudod unarSezRuduli gogonebi biWebTan SedarebiT ufro nakleb ganaTlebas,
jandacvis momsaxurebasa da sareabilitacio mkurnalobas iReben, aseve maT naklebi ufleba aqvT
monawileoba miiRon sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi.10
* devnili da emigranti bavSvebi: devnili da emigranti bavSvebi ganicdian Zaladobas
rogorc saxlSi, ise sazogadoebaSi qsenofobiis formiT. imis gamo, rom maTi mSoblebi xSirad
ar icnoben arsebul kanonebsa da normebs, bavSvebi xSirad xdebian iseTi mavne tradiciebis
msxverplni, rogoric aris mdedrobiTi sasqeso organoebis kveTa da mamrobiTi windacveTis
rituali. ojaxuri travmebi da arastabiluroba aseve SeiZleba gaxdes bavSvis Cagvris mizezi.
* arasrulwlovani dedebi: miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavad jer kidev bavSvebi arian da
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciiT dadgenili yvela dacviTi meqanizmi maTTvisaa gaTvaliswinebuli,
273
iTvleba, rom gogonebi, romelTac Svilebi hyavT, ukve daqaldnen, miuxedavad imisa gaTxovdnen
Tu ara. isini ubralod imyofebian erTgvar samarTlebriv satusaRoSi, sadac CamorTmeuli
aqvT bavSvebisTvis gansazRvruli dacva da ar arian im asakis, rom moiTxovon ufrosebisTvis
gankuTvnili kanonieri uflebebi.
ra SegiZliaT gaakeToT, rom aRkveToT bavSvebis mimarT Zaladoba

* daakvirdiT bavSvebis mdgomareobas da ganacxadeT Zaladobis nebismieri faqtis
Sesaxeb;
* awarmoeT saxelmwifo politikisa da programebis monitoringi, raTa daicvaT
bavSvebi Zaladobisgan da mouwodoT samTavrobo struqturebs, rom miiRon bavSvTa
uflebebis damcveli kanonmdebloba;
* daexmareT ojaxebs bavSvTa aRzrdis programebis saSualebiT;
* daarRvieT siCume! xmamaRla ganacxadeT Tqvenze an Tqveni TandaswrebiT
ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis faqtebis Sesaxeb;
* dasviT sakiTxi sazogadoebis mier Zaladobisadmi tolerantobis Sesaxeb;
* gaavrceleT informacia bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb;
* amoicaniT Zaladobis niSnebi;
* mobilizeba gauwieT skolas da sazogadoebriobas, rom aikrZalos da aRikveTos
bavSvTa mimarT daSinebis da Zaladobis sxva formebis gamovlineba;
* aswavleT bavSvebs, rom daicvan Tavi Cagvrisa da fizikuri Seuracxyofisgan;
* aswavleT bavSvebs konfliqtebis mogvarebis araZaladobrivi gzebi;
* Tavad ar mimarToT Zaladobas.
evropis sabWo
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-3 muxli adgens, rom àravin unda ganicados
wameba an araadamianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyroba an sasjeli~. am fundamenturi uflebis
mxardasaWerad da dasacavad evropis sabWom Zaladobis bevr aspeqtze moaxdina reagireba
samarTlebrivi berketebis, informirebisa da propagandistuli kampaniebis meSveobiT (mag:
trefikingi, genderuli Zaladoba, bavSvTa Sroma, Zaladoba mediaSi).
evropis sabWom Seqmna samarTlebrivi dacvis meqanizmebi Zaladobis mravali formis

winaaRmdeg:
* wamebisa da araadamianuri Tu Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyrobisa da dasjis sawinaaRmdego
evropuli komiteti SeimuSavebs normebs arasrulwlovanTa dacvisTvis, romelTac
misjili aqvT Tavsuflebis aRkveTa, uzrunvelyofs araiuridiul prevenciul meqanizmebs
axalgazrda patimarTa dasacavad da axorcielebs regularul vizitebs araswrulwlovanTa
sapatimroebSi.11
* konvencia adamianebiT vaWrobis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb miznad isaxavs trefikingis
prevencias, trefikingis msxverplTa adamianuri uflebebis dacvas da adamianebiT movaWreTa
dasjas.12 es samarTlebrivad savaldebulo SeTanxmeba, romelic Sevida ZalaSi 2005 wels, Seexeba
trefikingis yvela formas, yvela msxverplsa da eqspluataciis yvela formas, maT Soris
seqsualur eqspluatacias, iZulebiT Sromas, monobas, katorRul Sromas da organoTa mokveTas
vaWrobis mizniT.
* konvencia kiberdanaSaulis Sesaxeb, romelic moicavs bavSvTa pornografiasTan
dakavSirebul danaSaulebs, me-9 muxliT adgens, rom mxareebma unda miiRon `samarTlebrivi
da sxva zomebi, rom kanonsawinaaRmdegod gamoacxadon kompiuteriT sargeblobis garkveuli
konkretuli formebi, romelic Seicavs bavSvTa pornografias~.13
* seqsualuri eqspluataciisa da seqsualuri Seuracxyofisgan bavSvTa dacvis
konvencia, damtkicebuli 2007 wels, aris pirveli saerTaSoriso xelSekruleba, romelic
konkretulad bavSvTa Cagvris winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli. is Seavsebs evropul kanonmdeblobaSi
arsebul naklovanebebs da Seqmnis harmonizebul samarTlebriv bazas am senis dasamarcxeblad,
romelic zemoqmedebas axdens evropaSi mcxovreb bavSvTa 10-20%-ze.14
274
evropis sabWos mier inicirebuli mravali aqcia da programa aseve eZRvneba bavSvTa mimarT
Zaladobis sakiTxebs:
* 2006 wels evropis sabWos iniciativiT daiwyo programa àvaSenoT evropa bavSvebisTvis da
bavSvebTan erTad~. es bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb gaero-s angariSis Semdgomi nabijia. am
samwliani programis ZiriTad amocanebSi Sedis bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis sxvadasxva formebTan
brZola, rogoric aris fizikuri dasja, ojaxuri Zaladoba, seqsualuri Seuracxyofa da
trefikingi. programis mandatiT gansazRvrul am sferoSi is adgens normebs, ayalibebs
politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebs da xelmZRvanelobs informirebulobis donis amaRlebis
aqtiur kampanias, romelSic monawileoben evropis qveynebis mTavrobebi, parlamentebi,
municipalitetebi, specialistebi da arasamTavrobo organizaciebi.
* adamianis uflebaTa komisari sistematurad axmovanebs bavSvis uflebebisa da
Zaladobisgan bavSvebis dacvis Temebs wevr saxelmwifoebSi Tavisi sakontrolo vizitebis
dros.
* evropis sabWos adamianTa trefikingTan brZolis kampania daiwyo 2006 wels deviziT
àdamiani ar aris gasayidi nivTi~. kampaniis mizania informaciis gavrceleba trefikingis
masStabebze dRevandel evropaSi. is xazs usvams sxvadasxva zomebs rogorc monobis am axali
formis Tavidan acilebisTvis, ise trefikingis msxverplTa uflebebis dacvisTvis da damnaSaveTa
dasjisTvis saWiro qmedebebs.
* 2007 wels evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleis iniciativiT mTeli evropis masStabiT
Catarda kvleva quCis bavSvebsa da Sesabamis kanonmdeblobaze, romelic am problemas Seexeba.
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia (1948w.) me-5 muxliT aRiarebs Zaladobisgan

Tavisuflebas, rogorc erT-erT fundamentur adamianur uflebas. ufro vrclad es ufleba
gawerilia bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi (1989w.). muxli 19 gansazRvravs cudad mopyrobis
yvela formas, maT Soris seqsualur Seuracxyofas, fsiqologiur Zaladobas da eqspluatacias:
wevri saxelmwifoebi valdebulni arian, miiRon yvela saWiro samarTlebrivi,

administraciuli, socialuri da sganmanaTleblo zoma, rom daicvan bavSvi nebismieri
formiT fizikuri Tu gonebrivi Zaladobisgan, fizikuri zianis Tu Cagvrisgan,
ugulebelyofis an uyuradRebo mopyrobisgan, cudi mopyrobis Tu eqspluataciisgan, maT
Soris seqsualuri Seuracxyofisgan, rodesac is imyofeba mSoblis (mSoblebis, kanonieri
meurvis (meurveebis) an nebismieri sxva piris mzrunvelobis qveS.
rogorc muxli 19, ise muxli 37 konkretulad icavs bavSvs sikvdiliT dasjisgan, rac jer kidev
aris praqtikaSi zogierT qveyanaSi evropis gareT.
rogorc adamianis uflebaTa dacvis yvelaze farTod ratificirebuli dokumenti, bavSvTa
uflebebis konvencia iZleva Zlier samarTlebriv bazas Zaladobisgan bavSvebis dacvisTvis,
iqneba es saxelmwifos, dawesebulebebisa Tu adamianebis mxridan. is fasdaudebelia yvela im
organizaciisTvis, romelic muSaobs bavSvTa dacvis sferoSi.
didi xnis ganmavlobaSi xdeboda ojaxuri Zaladobis, rogorc `piradi sakiTxis~ ugulebelyofa,
garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac es sruldeboda bavSvis sxeulis seriouzuli dazianebiT
an sikvdiliT. magram, 1993 wlis venis deklaraciiT qalebisa da gogonebis mimarT Zaladoba
saxelmwifos Tu pirovnebebis mxridan, aRiarebuli iqna adamianis uflebebis darRvevad. amave
wels am aRiarebas mohyva generaluri asambleis mier qalTa mimarT Zaladobis aRkveTis Sesaxeb
deklaraciis damtkiceba da qalTa mimarT Zaladobis sakiTxebze specialuri momxseneblis
daniSvna, romelic aris daniSnuli eqsperti da evaleba qalebsa da gogonebTan mimarTebaSi
Cadenili Zaladobis faqtebis Sesaxeb informaciis Segroveba. deklaracia konkretulad
mouwodebs skolebSi yvela doneze ganxorcieldes programebi, romlebic gamiznuli iqneba
mamakacebisa da qalebis qceviTi modelebis gamosworebisken.15
275
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sasargeblo wyaroebi
* Action against Trafficking in Human Beings: Prevention, protection and prosecution, Council of Europe, 2007:
www.coe.int/t/dg2/trafficking/campaign/Source/eg-thb-sem2_2006_Proceedings.pdf
* Building a Europe for and with Children: The facts about children and violence, Fact-pack, Council of Europe:
www.coe.int/t/E/Com/Press/Source/Factpack_English.doc
* Campaign to Combat Violence against Women, Fact Sheet: Council of Europe: 2006:
www.coe.int/T/E/Human_Rights/Equality/PDF_FS_Violen_E.pdf
* Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women: General Assembly Resolution
48/104 of 20: UNESCO, 1993: http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/file_download.php/
7ed3f0d989b575571389ec99fb1bce6bDeclaration-Elimination-Violence-Women.pdf
* Forced Labour, Child Labour and Human Trafficking in Europe: An ILO Perspective: International Labour
Office, Brussels, 2002: www.belgium.iom.int/STOPConference/Conference%20
Papers/06.%20ILO%20-%20Final%20Brussels%20Trafficking%20Paper%20Sept.%202002.pdf
* Frau-Meigs, Divina, Council of Europe Pan-European Forum on Human Rights in the Information Society:
Empowering Children and Young People: Council of Europe, 2006:
www.euro.who.int/document/mediacentre/fs0203e.pdf
* Gender Matters – A manual on addressing gender-based violence with young people: Council of Europe, 2007.
* Handbook for Parliamentarians: The Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human
Beings: Council of Europe, 2007:
http://assembly.coe.int/committeedocs/2007/Trafficking-human-beings_E.pdf
* Kennedy, Margaret, ‘Rights for Children Who Are Disabled’, in The Handbook of Children’s Rights: Routledge,
London, 1995.
* May-Chahal, Corinne and Herczog, Maria, Child sexual abuse in Europe: Council of Europe, 2003.
* Recommendation Rec(2006)12 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Empowering Children in the
New Information and Communications Environment, Council of Europe, 2006.
* Working to Prevent the IT-Related Sexual Exploitation of Children: Save The Children Denmark, 2005:
www.redbarnet.dk/…/DWSDownload.aspx?File=Files%2FFiler%2FSeksuelt_misbrug
%2FAarsberetningHotline05_ENG.pdf
........................................................
* instrumentari aqtivistebisTvis, `vaqcioT uflebebi realobad~:

http://web.amnesty.org/actforwomen/svaw-toolkit-eng
* sainformacio qseli bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb: www.crin.org
* fizikuri dasja... aranairi sasjeli ar aris gamarTlebuli:
www.coe.int/t/transversalprojects/children/violence/corporalPunishment_en.asp
* evropis sabWo: www.coe.int/children
* evropis sabWos konvencia adamianTa trefikingis winaaRmdeg moqmedebis Sesaxeb:
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/197.htm
* skolebSi Zaladobis evropuli observatoria:
www.obsviolence.com/english/presentation/index.html
* evropis sabWos adamianis uflebebis dacvis komisariati:
www.coe.int/t/commissioner/default_EN.asp
* quCis bavSvebi da usaxlkaroba:
www.cyc-net.org/cyc-online/cycol-0904-Homelessness.html
* gaero-s generaluri mdivnis kvleva bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis Sesaxeb:
www.violencestudy.org
* UNICEF: www.unicef.org/protection
* bolo movuRoT bavSvTa prostitucias, bavSvTa pornografias da bavSvTa trefikings
seqsualuri miznebisTvis: www.ecpat.net
* saerTaSoriso Sromis organizacia, saerTaSoriso programa bavSvTa Sromis
aRkveTisTvis (ILO-IPEC): www.ilo.org
* mSromel bavSvTa kvlevis instituti (IREWOC): www.childlabour.net
* koalicia arasrulwlovani jariskacebis gawvevis SeCerebisTvis
(CSC): www.child-soldiers.org
276
........................................................
1 Corporal Punishment…No violence against children is justifiable:

www.coe.int/t/transversalprojects/children/violence/corporalPunishment_en.asp
2 Building a Europe for and with Children: The facts about children and violence, Fact-pack, Council of Europe:
www.coe.int/t/E/Com/Press/Source/Factpack_English.doc
3 The United Nations Secretary General’s Study on Violence against Children: www.violencestudy.org
4 Violence Against Children – Europe and Central Asia, UNICEF, p.9: www.unicef.org/ceecis/sgsvac-eca_04_01-48.
pdf
6 Working to Prevent the IT- Related Sexual Exploitation of Children: Save the Children Denmark, 2005.
7 Recommendation Rec(2006)12 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on Empowering Children in the
New Information and Communications Environment: Council of Europe, 2006.
9 See Street Children and Homelessness: www.cyc-net.org/cyc-online/cycol-0904-Homelessness.html
10 Margaret Kennedy, ‘Rights for Children Who are Disabled’ in The Handbook of Children’s Rights: London,
Routledge, 1995, p. 149.
11 See www.cpt.coe.int/EN/about.htm
12 Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings:
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/197.htm
13 See Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime: ttp://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/HTML/185.htm
14 Council of Europe’s Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation, See
www.coe.int/T/E/Legal_Affairs/Legal_cooperation/Fight_against_sexual_exploitation_of_children
15 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women: General Assembly Resolution 48/104 of 20, Art. 4:
UNESCO, 1993: www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/A.RES.48.104.Eng
277
VI. danarTebi
(bavSvebisTvis adaptirebuli versia)
muxli 1. Tanasworobis ufleba: muxli 11. udanaSaulod CaTvlis ufleba

Sen daibade Tavisufali da yvela sxva adamianis bralis damtkicebamde:
Tanaswori Seni uflebebiT. Sen moniWebuli gaqvs 1) miCneuli unda iqne udanaSaulod, vidre
fiqris da kargis cudisgan gansxvavebis unari. samarTliani sasamarTlo ar daamtkicebs Sens
sxva adamianebs megobrulad unda moepyro. brals.
2) Sen ver daisjebi iseTi danaSaulisTvis,
muxli 2. diskriminaciis ararseboba: romelic Cadenis dros ar iTvleboda
Sen gaqvs am deklaraciaSi naxsenebi yvela danaSaulad.
ufleba miuxedavad Seni rasis, kanis feris,
sqesis, enis, religiis, Sexedulebebis, ojaxuri muxli 12. pirad da ojaxur cxovrebaSi,
mdgomareobis, socialuri Tu qonebrivi sacxovrebelsa da mimoweraSi Caurevlobis
mdgomareobis, dabadebis Tu erovnebisa. ufleba:
Sen gaqvs ufleba, daculi iyo, Tu vinme
muxli 3. sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da cdilobs ziani miayenos Sens saxels an Semovides
piradi xelSeuxeblobis ufleba: Sens saxlSi, gaxsnas Seni mimowera an SegawuxoT
Sen gaqvs sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da Sen an Seni ojaxi seriozuli mizezebis gareSe.
usafrTxod cxovrebis ufleba.
muxli 13. Tavisufali mimosvlis ufleba:
muxli 4. monobisgan Tavisufleba: 1) Sen gaqvs Sens qveyanaSi Tavisufali
aravis aqvs ufleba, mogeqces rogorc monas mimosvlis ufleba.
da arc Sen unda moeqce vinmes rogorc monas. 2) Sen gaqvs ufleba, datovo Seni qveyana da
waxvide sxva qveyanaSi da Sen unda SegeZlos
muxli 5. wamebisa da Rirsebis Semlaxveli survilis SemTxvevaSi dabrunde Sens qveyanaSi.
mopyrobis akrZalva:
aravis aqvs ufleba gawamos, raime dagiSavos muxli 14. sxva qveyanaSi dacvis miRebis
an dagamciros. ufleba:
1) Tu vinme gemuqreba, Sen ufleba gaqvs,
muxli 6. kanonis winaSe subieqtad aRiarebis waxvide sxva qveyanaSi da iTxovo daxmareba
ufleba: rogorc ltolvilma.’
Sen gaqvs ufleba, nebismier adgilas gcnon 2) Sen dakargav am uflebas seriozuli
adamianad kanonis Sesabamisad. danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi.
muxli 7. kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis muxli 15. moqalaqeobis da misi Secvlis

ufleba: ufleba:
Sen gaqvs ufleba, daculi iyo kanonis mier 1) Sen gaqvs ufleba, ekuTvnode Sens qveyanas
da ufleba, mogepyron yvelas Tanasworad, da gqondes moqalaqeoba.
yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe. 2) aravis aqvs ufleba, CamogarTvas moqalaqeoba
seriozuli mizezebis gareSe. Sen gaqvs ufleba,
muxli 8. kompetenturi mosamarTleebis survilis SemTxvevaSi Seicvalo moqalaqeoba.
mxridan samarTlebrivi dacvis miRebis
ufleba: muxli 16. qorwinebisa da ojaxis Seqmnis
Tu dairRva SenTvis kanoniT moniWebuli ufleba:
uflebebi, Sen gaqvs ufleba, Seni uflebebi 1) rodesac kanonis mixedviT srulwlovanebas
samarTlianma da kompetenturma mosamarTleebma miaRwev, gaqvs ufleba, daqorwinde da Seqmna ojaxi
daicvan. Seni rasis, erovnebis an religiis niSniT raime
SezRudvis gareSe. orive partniori Tanaswori
muxli 9. TviTneburi dapatimrebis da uflebebiT sargeblobs qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi
gaZevebis akrZalva: da misi Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi.
aravis aqvs ufleba, dagapatimros, mogaTavsos 2) aravin unda gaiZulos daqorwineba.
cixeSi an gagaZevos Seni qveynidan seriozuli 3) ojaxi sazogadoebis ZiriTadi bunebrivi
mizezebis gareSe. erTeulia da saxelmwifom unda daicvas is.
muxli 10. samarTliani da sajaro ganxilvis
ufleba: muxli 17. qonebis flobis ufleba:
Tu raime danaSaulSi gedeba brali, Sen gaqvs 1) Sen gaqvs ufleba, flobde nivTebs.
ufleba, Seni saqme sajarod iyos ganxiluli 2) aravis aqvs ufleba, CamogarTvas Seni
samarTliani sasamarTlos mier. nivTebi seriozuli mizezis gareSe.
278
muxli 18. azris, sindisisa da religiis muxli 25. ufleba cxovrebis saTanado
Tavisufleba: doneze:
Sen gaqvs ufleba, gqondes sakuTari azrebi 1) Sen gaqvs ufleba, gqondes cxovrebis iseTi
da gwamdes nebismieri religia. Sen SegiZlia done, sakvebis, tansacmlis, sacxovreblis,
aRasrulo Seni religia an rwmena da aseve samedicino da saWiro socialuri momsaxurebis
Seicvalo isini. CaTvliT, romelic aucilebelia Seni da
Seni ojaxis janmrTeli da komfortuli
muxli 19. azris gamoxatvis Tavisufleba da cxovrebisTvis. Sen gaqvs ufleba, miiRo
informaciis miRebisa da gavrcelebis ufleba: daxmareba, Tu umuSevari darCi an raime mizeziT
Sen gaqvs ufleba, gqondes da gamoxato ar SegiZlia muSaoba.
sakuTari Sexedulebebi. Sen unda SegeZlos 2) dedebi da bavSvebi gansakuTrebuli
gauziaro Seni Sexedulebebi sxva adamianebs, maT mzrunvelobiTa da daxmarebiT unda
Soris sxva qveynebSi myof adamianebs, yovelgari sargeblobdnen.
saSualebiT.
muxli 26. ganaTlebis ufleba:
muxli 20. mSvidobiani Sekrebisa da 1) Sen gaqvs ufleba, iaro skolaSi. dawyebiTi
gaerTianebis Tavisufleba: ganaTleba ufaso da savaldebulo unda iyos. Sen
1) Sen gaqvs ufleba, mSvidobianad Sexvde sxva unda gqondes SesaZlebloba, miiRo profesiuli
adamianebs. ganaTleba an gaagrZelo swavla Seni unaris
2) aravis SeuZlia gaiZulos Sexvide raime Sesabamisad.
gaerTianebaSi. 2) skolaSi unda gqondes SesaZlebloba,
srulad ganaviTaro sakuTari niWi da iswavlo sxva
muxli 21. qveynis marTva-gamgeobaSi da adamianebis pativiscema maTi rasis, religiisa Tu
arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba: erovnebis miuxedavad.
1) Sen gaqvs ufleba, monawileoba miiRo Seni 3) Sens mSoblebs unda hqondeT ufleba,
qveynis marTva-gamgeobaSi uSualod an Sens mier airCion, Tu ra saxis ganaTleba surT SenTvis.
arCeuli warmomadgenlis meSveobiT.
2) Sen da yvela sxva adamians gaqvT ufleba, muxli 27. sazogadoebis kulturul
emsaxuroT Tqvens qveyanas. cxovrebaSi monawileobis ufleba:
3) saxelmwifos xelisufleba regularulad 1) Sen gaqvs ufleba, monawileobde Seni
unda iqnes arCeuli samarTliani da faruli sazogadoebis tradiciebsa da kulturul
kenWisyriT. cxovrebaSi, tkbebode xelovnebiT da isargeblo
mecnieruli progresis sikeTiT.
muxli 22. socialuri dacvis ufleba: 2) Tu mxatvari, mwerali an mecnieri xar, Seni
im sazogadoebam, romelSic Sen cxovrob, samuSao daculi unda iyos da Sen unda SegeZlos
unda uzrunvelyos SenTvis socialuri dacva da sargebloba miiRo mis Sedegad.
uflebebi, romlebic aucilebelia Seni Rirsebis
SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebisTvis. muxli 28. ufleba socialur wesrigze:
Sen gaqvs ufleba iseT samyaroze, sadac Sen
muxli 23. sasurveli samuSaosa da da yvela sxva adamiani SeZlebs am deklaraciaSi
profesiul kavSirebSi Sesvlis ufleba: CamoTvlili uflebebiTa da TavisuflebebiT
1) Sen gaqvs Sromis, samuSaos arCevis da kargi sargeblobas.
samuSao pirobebis ufleba.
2) adamianebi, romlebic erTsa da imave samuSaos muxli 29. movaleobani sazogadoebis winaSe:
asruleben erTnair xelfass unda Rebulobdnen. 1) Seni pirovnebis sruli ganviTareba mxolod
3) Sen unda iRebde iseT xelfass, romelic sazogadoebaSia SesaZlebeli da Sen gaqvs
movaleobebi sazogadoebis winaSe.
mogcems cxovrebis da ojaxis Senaxvis
2) kanonma unda uzrunvelyos adamianis
SesaZleblobas.
uflebebi. man saSualeba unda misces yovel
4) yvela momuSave adamians aqvs ufleba, Sevides
adamians, pativi sces sxvebs da Tavadac miiRos
profesiul kavSirebSi Tavisi interesebis
pativiscema.
dasacavad.
3) am uflebebma da Tavisuflebebma xeli unda
Seuwyos gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis
muxli 24. dasvenebisa da Tavisufali drois
miznebsa da principebs.
gamoyenebis ufleba:
Sen gaqvs dasvenebisa da Tavisufali drois
muxli 30. deklaraciaSi CamoTvlili
gamoyenebis ufleba. Seni samuSao dRe ar unda iyos
uflebebis darRvevis akrZalva:
Zalian grZeli da unda SegeZlos regularuli
arcerTma adamianma, adamianTa jgufma Tu
anazRaurebuli Svebulebis aReba.
saxelmwifom mTels msoflioSi ar unda gaakeTos
raime iseTi, rac daarRvevs am uflebebs.
279
1948 wlis 10 dekembers gaerTianebuli niadag gaiTvaliswinebs ra am deklaracias,

erebis organizaciis generalurma asambleam miiswrafvodes swavla-ganaTlebis meSveobiT
daamtkica da gamoacxada adamianis uflebaTa xeli Seuwyos am uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa
sayovelTao deklaracia, romlis sruli teqstic pativiscemas da maTi sayovelTao da efeqtiani
aq aris mocemuli. miiRo ra es istoriuli aRiareba-ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofas
mniSvnelobis gadawyvetileba, asambleam nacionaluri Tu saerTaSoriso progresuli
mowodebiT mimarTa organizaciis wevr yvela RonisZiebebiT rogorc organizaciis wevr
saxelmwifos, gamoaqveynon deklaraciis teqsti saxelmwifoTa xalxebSi, aseve am saxelmwifoebis
da yvelaferi iRonon `misi gavrcelebis, iurisdiqciisadmi daqvemdebarebul teritoriaTa
sajaroobisa da ganmartebisTvis, umTavresad xalxebSi.
skolebSi da sxva saswavlo dawesebulebebSi,
qveynebis an teritoriebis politikuri statusis muxli 1.
ganurCevlad~. yvela adamiani ibadeba Tavisufali da
Tanaswori Tavisi RirsebiTa da uflebebiT. maT
preambula miniWebuli aqvT goneba da sindisi da erTmaneTis
mimarT unda iqceodnen Zmobis suliskveTebiT.
vinaidan adamianTa ojaxis yvela wevrisTvis
damaxasiaTebelia Rirsebisa da Tanaswori da muxli 2
ganuyofeli uflebebis aRiareba, warmoadgns (1) am deklaraciiT gamocxadebuli yvela
Tavisuflebis, samarTlianobisa da ufleba da yvela Tavisufleba miniWebuli unda
sayovelTao mSvidobis safuZvels, da vinaidan hqondes yovel adamians ganurCevlad raime
adamianis uflebaTa ugulebelyofam da abuCad gansxvavebis, saxeldobr, rasis, kanis feris,
agdebam gamoiwvia barbarosuli aqtebi, rac sqesis, enis, religiis, politikuri Tu sxva
aRaSfoTebs kacobriobis sindiss da rom iseTi rwmenis, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmomavlobis,
msoflio Seqmna, romelSic adamianebs eqnebaT qonebrivi, wodebrivi Tu sxva mdgomareobisa.
sityvisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba da romelSic (2) garda amisa, dauSvebelia raime gansxvaveba
isini icxovreben SiSisa da gaWirvebis gareSe, im qveynis Tu teritoriis politikuri,
gamocxadebulia, rogorc adamianTa maRali samarTlebrivi an saerTaSoriso statusis
miswrafeba, da vinaidan aucilebelia uflebebs safuZvelze, romelsac adamiani ekuTvnis,
icavdes kanonis Zala imis uzrunvelsayofad, miuxedavad imisa, Tu rogoria es teritoria _
raTa damoukidebeli, sameurveo, araTviTmmarTveli
adamiani iZulebuli ar gaxdes mimarTos Tu sxvagvarad SezRuduli Tavis suverenitetSi.
ajanyebas, rogorc ukanasknel saSualebas
tiraniisa da Cagvris winaaRmdeg, da vinaidan muxli 3.
aucilebelia xelis Sewyoba xalxTa Soris yovel adamians aqvs sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa
megobrul urTierTobaTa da piradi xelSeuxeblobis ufleba.
ganviTarebisTvis, da vinaidan gaerTianebuli
erebis xalxebma wesdebaSi daadastures muxli 4.
TavianTi rwmena adamianis ZiriTadi aravin ar unda imyofebodes monobaSi an
uflebebisadmi, adamianis pirovnebis Rirsebisa ZalmomreobiTi morCilebis mdgomareobaSi. yvela
da Rirebulebis da kacebisa da qalebis saxis monoba da monaTvaWroba akrZaluria.
Tanasworuflebianobisadmi, gadawyvites
xeli Seuwyon socialur progressa da muxli 5.
cxovrebis ukeTes dones meti Tavisuflebis aravis mimarT ar unda iqnes gamoyenebuli
pirobebSi, da vinaidan wevrma saxelmwifoebma wameba an sastiki, araadamianuri Tu misi Rirsebis
ikisres valdebuleba gaerTianebuli erebis damamcirebeli mopyroba da sasjeli.
organizaciasTan TanamSromlobaSi xeli
Seuwyon adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad muxli 6.
TavisuflebaTa sayovelTao pativiscemasa yovel adamians sadac unda imyofebodes igi,
da dacvas, da vinaidan aseT uflebaTa da imis ufleba aqvs, rom aRiarebuli iqnes misi
TavisuflebaTa sayovelTao gagebas udidesi samarTalsubieqtoba.
mniSvneloba aqvs am valdebulebebis mTlianad
SesrulebisTvis. muxli 7.
yvela adamiani Tanasworia kanonis winaSe da
generaluri asamblea acxadebs: ganurCevlad raime gansxvavebisa, yvelas aqvs
ufleba Tanabrad iyos daculi kanonis mier.
adamianis uflebaTa am sayovelTao yvela adamians aqvs ufleba Tanabrad iyos
deklaracias iseT amocanad, romlis Sesrulebas daculi am deklaraciis damrRvevi yovelgvari
unda eltvodes yoveli xalxi da saxelmwifo raTa diskriminaciisgan da aseTi diskriminaciis
yoveli adamiani da sazogadoebis yoveli organo, yovelgvari waqezebisgan.”
280
muxli 8. muxli 15.
yovel adamians aqvs ufleba efeqtianad iqnas (1) yovel adamians aqvs moqalaqeobis ufleba.
aRdgenili uflebebSi kompetenturi nacionaluri (2) aravis ar SeiZleba TviTneburad CamoerTvas
sasamarTloebis mier im SemTxvevaSi, roca moqalaqeoba an ufleba Tavisi moqalaqeobis
darRveulia misTvis konstituciiT Tu kanoniT Secvlisa.
miniWebuli ZiriTadi uflebebi.
muxli 16.
muxli 9. (1) srulasakovnebas miRweul kacebsa da
aravis dapatimreba, daWera an gaZeveba ar qalebs ufleba aqvT rasis, erovnebis an religiis
SeiZleba TviTneburad. niSniT raime SezRudvis gareSe, daqorwindnen da
ojaxi daafuZnon. isini sargebloben erTnairi
muxli 10. uflebebiT daqorwinebisas, qorwinebaSi yofnis
yovel adamians mis ufleba-movaleobaTa dros da ganqorwinebisas.
gansazRvrisTvis da misTvis wayenebuli (2) daqorwineba SesaZlebelia mxolod
sisxlissamarTeblivi braldebis safuZvelze, orive meqorwine mxaris Tavisufali da sruli
aqvs imis ufleba rom, misi saqme saqveynod Tanxmobisas.
da samarTlianobis yvela moTxovnis dacviT (3) ojaxi aris sazogadoebis bunebrivi da
gaarCios damoukidebelma da miukerZoebelma ZiriTadi ujredi da mas ufleba aqvs daculi iyos
sasamarTlom. sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos mxriv.
muxli 11. muxli 17.

(1) yovel adamians, romelsac bralad edeba (1) yovel adamians aqvs ufleba flobdes qonebas
danaSaulis Cadena, ufleba aqvs iTvlebodes rogorc erTpirovnulad, aseve sxvebTan erTad.
udanaSaulod manam, sanam misi damnaSaveoba (2) aravis ar unda CamoerTvas qoneba
dadgenili ar iqneba kanonieri wesisamebr sajaro TviTneburad.
sasamarTlo ganxilviT, romlis drosac misTvis
uzrunvelyofilia dacvis yvela SesaZlebloba. muxli 18.
(2) aravis ar SeiZleba msjavri daedos yovel adamians aqvs ufleba azris, sindisisa
danaSaulisTvis raime iseTi moqmedebis Cadenis da religiis Tavisuflebisa: es ufleba moicavs
safuZvelze, anda iseTi umoqmedobisTvis, romlebic Tavisuflebas Tavisi religiis Tu rwmenis Secvlisa
Cadenis dros ar Seadgenda danaSauls nacionaluri da Tavisuflebas Tavisi religiis Tu rwmenis
kanonis an saerTaSoriso samarTlis mixedviT. ar aRmsareblobisa, rogorc erTpirovnulad aseve
SeiZleba agreTve ufro mZime sasjelis dadeba, sxvebTan erTad, moZRvrebaSi RvTismsaxurebaSi
vidre is, romelic SeiZleboda gamoyenebuli da religiur da ritualur wes-CveulebaTa
yofiliyo im dros, roca Cadenil iqna danaSauli. SesrulebaSi sajaro Tu kerZo wesiT.
muxli 12. muxli 19.

aravis mimarT ar SeiZleba TviTneburi Careva yovel adamians aqvs ufleba mrwamsis
mis piradsa da ojaxur cxovrebaSi, TviTneburi Tavisuflebisa da misi Tavisuflad gamoTqmisa:
xelyofa misi sacxovrebeli binis xelSeuxeblobis, es ufleba moicavs adamianis Tavisuflebas
misi korespondenciis saidumloebis, anda misi daubrkoleblad iqonios Tavisi mrwamsi da
pativisa da reputaciisa. yovel adamians aqvs eZios miiRos da gaavrcelos informacia da
ufleba daculi iyos kanonis mier aseTi Carevisa ideebi yovelgvari saSualebiT da saxelmwifo
da xelyofisgan. sazRvrebisgan damoukideblad.
muxli 13. muxli 20.

(1) yovel adamians aqvs ufleba daubrkoleblad (1) yovel adamians aqvs ufleba mSvidobiani
icvlides adgilsamyofels da irCevdes Tavis krebebisa da asociaciebis Tavisuflebisa.
sacxovrebel adgils yoveli saxelmwifos (2) aravis iZuleba ar SeiZleba raime asociaciaSi
farglebSi. Sesasvlelad.
(2) yovel adamians aqvs ufleba datovos yoveli
qveyana, maT Soris Tavisic, da dabrundes Tavis muxli 21.
qveyanaSi. (1) yovel adamians aqvs ufleba monawileobdes
Tavisi qveynis marTva-gamgeobaSi an uSualod,
muxli 14. anda Tavisuflad arCeul warmomadgenelTa
(1) yovel adamians aqvs ufleba eZios devnisgan meSveobiT.
TavSesafari sxva qveyanaSi da isargeblos am (2) yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Tanabar
TavSesafriT. safuZvelze Sevides Tavisi qveynis saxelmwifo
(2) es ufleba ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli samsaxurSi.
iqnes iseTi devnis SemTxvevaSi, romlis (3) xalxis neba unda iyos safuZveli mTavrobis
safuZvels namdvilad warmoadgens Cadena Zalauflebisa: es neba unda gamoxatavdes periodul
arapolitikuri danaSaulisa, anda qmedebisa, da gauyalbebel arCevnebSi, romlebic unda
romelic ewinaaRmdegeba gaerTianebuli erebis tardebodes sayovelTao da Tanaswori saarCevno
organizaciis miznebsa da principebs. uflebebis pirobebSi, faruli kenWisyriT an sxva
281
TanabarmniSvnelovani formebis meSveobiT, romlebic (2) ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos adamianis
uzrunvelyofen xmis micemis Tavisuflebas. pirovnebis sruli ganviTarebisa da adamianis
uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa pativiscemis
muxli 22. gadidebisken. ganaTlebam xeli unda Seuwyos
yovel adamians, rogorc sazogadoebis wevrs, yvela xalxis, yvela rasobrivi Tu religiuri
aqvs socialuri uzrunvelyofis ufleba da jgufis urTierTgagebas, Semwynareblobasa da
ufleba ganaxorcielos ekonomikur, socialur da megobrobas da xeli unda Seuwyos gaerTianebuli
kulturul dargebSi, nacionaluri mecadineobisa erebis organizaciis moRvaweobas mSvidobis
da saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis meSveobiT da SesanarCuneblad.
yoveli saxelmwifos struqturisa da resursebis (3) mSoblebs aqvT prioritetis ufleba airCion
Sesabamisad, is uflebebi romlebic aucilebelia ra saxis ganaTleba surT TavianTi mcirewlovani
misi Rirsebis SenarCunebisa da pirovnebis SvilebisTvis.
Tavisufali ganviTarebisTvis.
muxli 27.
muxli 23. (1) yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Tavisuflad
(1) yovel adamians aqvs Sromis, samuSaos monawileobdes sazogadoebis kulturul
Tavisufali arCevis, Sromis samarTliani da cxovrebaSi, tkbebodes xelovnebiT,
xelsayreli pirobebisa da umuSevrobisgan dacvis monawileobdes mecnierul progresSi da
ufleba. sargeblobdes misi sikeTiT.
(2) yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Tanabari (2) yovel adamians aqvs ufleba daculi iyos
Sromis Tanabrad anazRaurebisa yovelgvari misi moraluri da materialuri interesebi,
diskriminaciis gareSe. rogorc Sedegi im mecnieruli, literaturuli
(3) yvel muSaks aqvs ufleba iRebdes da mxatvruli naSromebisa, romelTa avtorsac igi
samarTliansa da damakmayofilebel gasamrjelos, warmoagdens.
romelic uzrunvelyofs Rirseul adamianur
arsebobas TviTon misTvis da misi ojaxisTvis da muxli 28.
romelsac, roca aucilebelia emateba socialuri yovel adamians aqvs ufleba iseT socialursa
uzrunvelyofis sxva saxsrebi. da saerTaSoriso wesrigze, romlis pirobebSi
(4) yovel adamians aqvs ufleba Seqmnas SesaZlebelia am deklaraciaSi CamoTvlil
profesiuli kavSirebi da Sevides profesiul uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa mTlianad
kavSirebSi Tavisi interesebis dasacavad. ganxorcieleba.
muxli 24. muxli 29.

yovel adamians aqvs dasvenebisa da mocaleobis (1) yovel adamians aqvs movaleobani
ufleba samuSao dRis gonivruli SezRudvisa da sazogadoebis winaSe, radgan mxolod
anazRaurebuli perioduli Svebulebis uflebis sazogadoebaSia SesaZlebeli misi pirovnebis
CaTvliT. Tavisufali da sruli ganviTareba.
(2) Tavis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa
muxli 25. ganxorcielebisas yoveli adamiani unda
(1) yovel adamians aqvs ufleba hqondes ganicdides mxolod iseT SezRudvas, rogoric
cxovrebis iseTi done, sakvebis, tansacmlis, kanoniTaa dadgenili martooden im mizniT,
binis, samedicino movliosa da saWiro socialuri raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes sxvaTa uflebaTa da
momsaxurebis CaTvliT, romelic aucilebelia TavisuflebaTa jerovani aRiareba da pativiscema
TviTon misi da misi ojaxis janmrTelobisa da dakmayofildes zneobis, sazogadoebrivi
da keTildReobis SesanarCuneblad, da wesrigisa da saerTo keTildReobis samarTliani
ufleba uzrunvelyofili iyos umuSevrobis, moTxovnebi demokratiul sazogadoebaSi.
avadmyofobis, invalidobis, qvrivobis, (3) am uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa
moxucebulobis an misgan damoukidebel ganxorcieleba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda
garemoebaTa gamo arsebobis saSualebaTa ewinaaRmdegebodes gaerTianebuli erebis
dakargvis sxva SemTxvevaSi. organizaciis miznebsa da principebs.
(2) dedoba da Cvili yrmis asaki iZleva
gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobiTa da daxmarebiT muxli 30.
sargeblobis uflebas. yvela bavSvi, dabadebuli am deklaraciaSi araferi ar unda ganimartos,
qorwinebaSi Tu qorwinebis gareSe, unda rogorc miniWeba romelime saxelmwifosTvis,
sargeblobdes erTnairi socialuri dacviT. pirTa jgufisa Tu cali pirebisTvis uflebisa
eweodnen iseT saqmianobas an Caidinon iseTi
muxli 26. qmedebebi, romlebic mimarTulia am deklaraciaSi
(1) yovel adamians aqvs ganaTlebis ufleba. CamoTvlil uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa
ganaTleba dawyebiTi da zogadi mainc, ufaso unda mosaspobad.
iyos. dawyebiTi ganaTleba unda iyos savaldebulo; --------------------
teqnikuri da profesiuli ganaTleba ki wyaro:
sayovelTaod xelmisawvdomi, umaRlesi ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia
ki erTnairad misawvdomi yvelasTvis TviTeulis (inglisurenovani versia): www.un.org/Overview/
unarisamebr. rights.html
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adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia
Tavi I - uflebebi da muxli 9. azris, sindisisa da religiis

Tavisufleba
Tavisuflebebi
Sen gaqvs ufleba, gqondes sakuTari azrebi
da gwamdes nebismieri religia. Sen SegiZlia
aRasrulo Seni religia an rwmena da aseve
muxli 1. adamianis uflebaTa pativiscemis
Seicvalo isini.
valdebuleba
Tu Sen im qveyanaSi cxovrob, romelmac xeli
muxli 10. gamoxatvis Tavisufleba
moawera am konvencias, Sen moniWebuli gaqvs es
Sen gaqvs ufleba, ifiqro, rac ginda da
ZiriTadi samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebi,
pasuxismgeblobis grZnobaze dayrdnobiT
miuxedavad imisa, xar Tu ara moqalaqe.
Tqva rac ginda, unda SegeZlos Seni ideebisa
da Sexedulebebis sxvaTaTvis gaziareba
muxli 2. sicocxlis ufleba
nebismieri saSualebiT, maT Soris gazeTebiTa
Sen gaqvs sicocxlis ufleba da es ufleba
da JurnalebiT, radioTi, televiziiT da
kanoniT aris daculi. 1
internetiT.
muxli 3. wamebis akrZalva
muxli 11. Sekrebisa da gaerTianebis
aravis aqvs ufleba, gawamos, ziani mogayenos
Tavisufleba
an dagamciros.
Sen gaqvs ufleba, mSvidobianad Sexvde sxva
adamianebs, Seqmna profesiuli kavSirebi da
muxli 4. monobisa da iZulebiTi Sromis
SeuerTde aseT kavSirebs.
akrZalva
aravis aqvs ufleba, mogepyros rogorc monas
muxli 12. qorwinebis ufleba
da arc Sen unda aqcio vinme Sens monad. aravin
rodesac kanoniT srulwlovani gaxdebi, Sen
SeiZleba gaiZulos savaldebulo samuSaos
gaqvs ufleba, iqorwino da Seqmna ojaxi.
Sesruleba.
muxli 13. samarTlebrivi dacvis efeqtiani
muxli 5. Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis
saSualebis ufleba
ufleba
Tu Sens uflebebs daarRvevs sxva adamiani
Sen gaqvs Tavisuflebisa da piradi
an mTavroba, Sen gaqvs ufleba, moiTxovo
xelSeuxeblobis ufleba. aravis SeuZlia
daxmareba sasamarTloebisgan an sxva sajaro
wagarTvas es ufleba, garda kanoniT
dawesebulebebisgan, raTa maT daicvan Seni
gansazRvruli SemTxvevebisa. Tu
uflebebi.
dagapatimreben, Sen bevri ufleba gaqvs, maT
Soris ufleba, gaigo Seni dapatimrebis mizezi,
muxli 14. diskriminaciis akrZalva
Seni saqme swrafad iqnes mosmenili da gaasaiCvro
Sen gaqvs am konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli
Seni dapatimreba.
yvela ufleba da Tavisufleba, Seni sqesis, rasis,
kanis feris, enis, religiis, politikuri Tu
muxli 6. samarTliani sasamarTlo
sxva Sexedulebebis, erovnuli Tu socialuri
ganxilvis ufleba
warmoSobis, erovnuli umciresobisadmi
Tu danaSaulis CadenaSi gedeba brali,
kuTvnilebis, qonebrivi mdgomareobis,
Sen gaqvs ufleba, Seni saqme sajarod da
dabadebisa Tu sxva niSnis miuxedavad.
samarTlianad iqnes ganxiluli.
muxli 15. gadaxveva sgangebo mdgomareobis
muxli 7. araviTari sasjeli kanonis
dros
gareSe
mTavrobas SeuZlia SeaCeros Tavisi
Sen ver daisjebi iseTi ramis CadenisTvis,
movaleobis – daicvas am konvenciaSi
rac Cadenis dros ar iTvleboda danaSaulad.
gansazRvruli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi _
Sesruleba omis dros. es SeCereba ar exeba me-2
muxli 8. piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis
muxls – sicocxlis uflebas.
pativiscemis ufleba
Sen gaqvs ufleba, daculi iyo, Tu vinme
muxli 16. ucxoelTa politikuri
Seecdeba Semovides Sens saxlSi, gaxsnas Seni
saqmianobis SezRudva
werilebi an SegawuxoT Sen da Seni ojaxi
mTavrobas ara aqvs ufleba, xeli SeuSalos
seriozuli mizezebis gareSe.
Sens politikur saqmianobas mxolod imitom,
1 konvenciis ori Sesworeba (romlebsac oqmebi ewodeba) miznad isaxavs evropaSi

sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmebas.
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rom Sen ar xar am qveynis moqalaqe. romlebsac oqmebi ewodeba da romlebic
evropaSi mcxovrebi adamianebisTvis amatebs
muxli 17. uflebaTa darRvevis akrZalva axal uflebebs. damatebul uflebebsa da
arcerTma adamianma, adamianTa jgufma Tu Tavisuflebebs Soris mTavars ganekuTvneba:
saxelmwifom mTels msoflioSi ar unda gaakeTos
raime iseTi, rac daarRvevs am uflebebs. oqmi #1
muxli 18. uflebebis SezRudvaTa muxli 1. sakuTrebis dacva

gamoyenebis farglebi Sen gaqvs ufleba, flobde sakuTrebas da
Seni uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi SeiZleba sargeblobde am sakuTrebiT.
SeizRudos mxolod konvenciaSi gansazRvruli muxli 2. ganaTlebis ufleba
miznebisTvis. Sen gaqvs skolaSi siarulis ufleba.
Tavi II - adamianis muxli 3. Tavisufali arCevnebis ufleba

Sen gaqvs ufleba, airCio Seni qveynis
uflebaTa evropuli
mTavroba faruli kenWisyriT.
sasamarTlo
oqmi #4
muxlebi 19-51, adamianis uflebaTa
evropuli sasamarTlo, misi mandati da
muxli 2. mimosvlis Tavisufleba
saqmianoba:
Tu qveynis teritoriaze kanonierad imyofebi,
konvencia ayalibebs adamianis uflebaTa
Sen gaqvs ufleba, Tavisuflad imoZrao am
evropul sasamarTlos, romelic ganixilavs
teritoriaze da airCio sacxovrebeli adgili,
misTvis kerZo pirebisa da mTavrobebis mier
aseve gaqvs ufleba, dabrunde Sens samSobloSi.
warmodgenil saqmeebs. mosamarTleebi sruliad
damoukidebelni arian. maT irCevs evropis
sabWos saparlamento asamblea.
oqmebi #6 da #13
Tavi III - sxvadasxva muxli 1. sikvdiliT dasjis gauqmeba
debuleba mTavroba ver gamogitans sikvdiliT dasjis
sasjels da ver aRasrulebs am sasjels verc
muxlebi 52-59, konvenciiT aRiarebul mSvidobis da verc omis periodSi.
uflebaTa gamoyeneba
evropis sabWos ministrTa komiteti oqmi #7
akontrolebs imas, Tu rogor asruleben
mTavrobebi am konvencias da maT valdebulebebs muxli 2. sisxlis samarTlis saqmis
– daicvan adamianis uflebebi da xeli Seuwyon gasaCivrebis ufleba
maT ganxorcielebas. Tu msjavri dagdes danaSaulis CadenisTvis,
Sen ufleba gaqvs gaasaCivro ganaCeni ufro
maRali instanciis sasamarTloSi.
adamianis uflebaTa
evropuli konvenciis oqmi #12
oqmebi muxli 1. diskriminaciis zogadi akrZalva
saxelmwifos xelisufleba ver moaxdens Sens
1950 wels adamianis uflebaTa evropuli
diskriminacias iseTi mizezebis gamo, rogoric
konvenciis miRebis Semdeg evropis sabWom
aris Seni kanis feri, sqesi, ena, politikuri an
Seitana masSi mniSvnelovani Sesworebebi,
sxva Sexeduleba Tu warmoSoba.
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muxli 1. bavSvis ganmarteba (rodesac, magaliTad, mSoblebi cudad geqcevian

sanam 18 wlis gaxdebi, Sen bavSvad iTvlebi da ar zrunaven Senze). Tu Seni mSoblebi cal-
da gaqvs am konvenciiT gansazRvruli yvela calke cxovroben, Sen gaqvs ufleba, kontaqtebi
ufleba. iqonio orive mSobelTan, garda im SemTxvevebisa,
rodesac aman SeiZleba ziani mogitanos.
muxli 2. diskriminaciis akrZalva
ar unda moxdes Seni diskriminacia araviTari muxli 10. ojaxis gamTlianebis ufleba
mizeziT, maT Soris iseTebiT, rogoric aris Tu Seni mSoblebi sxvadasxva qveynebSi
Seni rasa, kanis feri, sqesi, ena, religia, cxovroben, Sen unda SegeZlos, imoZrao am
Sexedulebebi, warmomavloba, socialuri Tu qveynebs Soris, raTa mSoblebTan regularuli
qonebrivi mdgomareoba, unarSezRuduloba, kontaqti gqondes an Tqveni ojaxi gamTliandes.
dabadeba anda Seni Tu Seni mSoblebisa da
kanonieri meurveebis romelime sxva Tviseba. muxli 11. sxva qveyanaSi ukanonod
gadayvanisgan dacva
muxli 3. bavSvis WeSmariti interesi mTavrobebma unda miiRon zomebi, raTa ar
yvela qmedeba da gadawyvetileba, romlebic miscen aravis saSualeba, ukanonod gagiyvanos
bavSvebs exeba, unda efuZnebodes imas, Tu ra Seni qveynidan.
aris saukeTeso SenTvis Tu sxva bavSvisTvis.
muxli 12. bavSvis Sexedulebebis
muxli 4. konvenciiT aRiarebuli pativiscema
uflebebiT sargebloba Sen gaqvs ufleba, Tavisuflad gamoxato
mTavrobebma Sen da yvela sxva bavSvs sakuTari Sexedulebebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra
unda miscen am uflebebiT sargeblobis unda gakeTdes, rodesac ufrosebi iReben
SesaZlebloba. gadawyvetilebas im sakiTxebze, romlebic
Sen gexeba, da Sens Sexedulebebs saTanado
muxli 5. mSoblebis mxridan yuradReba unda daeTmos
xelmZRvaneloba da bavSvis unaris
ganviTareba muxli 13. Sexedulebebis gamoxatvisa
Sens ojaxs akisria umTavresi da informaciis moZiebis, mopovebisa da
pasuxismgebloba Sens xelmZRvanelobaze, gavrcelebis Tavisufleba
raTa zrdasTan erTad iswavlo Seni uflebebis Sen gaqvs ufleba, moiZio, miiRo da gaavrcelo
marTebulad gamoyeneba. mTavrobebma pativi nebismieri saxis informacia nebismieri formiT
unda scen am uflebas. (magaliTad, werilobiTi formiT, xelovnebis
saxiT, televiziiT, radioTi da internetiT),
muxli 6. sicocxlisa da ganviTarebis Tuki es informacia ar aris saziano SenTvis an
ufleba sxva adamianebisTvis.
Sen gaqvs sicocxlis da jansaRad gazrdis
ufleba. mTavrobam unda uzrunvelyos muxli 14. azris, sindisisa da religiis
Seni sicocxlis SenarCuneba da jansaRi Tavisufleba
ganviTareba. Sen gaqvs ufleba, ifiqro da gjerodes
imis, rac ginda da misdio sakuTar religias,
muxli 7. dabadebis registracia, saxeli, Tuki ar uSli sxva adamianebs xels maTi
moqalaqeoba da mSobelTa mzrunveloba uflebebis ganxorcielebaSi. mSoblebma unda
Sen gaqvs ufleba, moxdes Seni dabadebis gixelmZRvanelon am sakiTxebSi.
iuridiuli registracia, gqondes saxeli da
moqalaqeoba da mzrunveloba Seni mSoblebis muxli 15. gaerTianebisa da mSvidobiani
mxridan. Sekrebis Tavisufleba
Sen gaqvs ufleba, Sexvde da gaerTiande
muxli 8. individualobis SenarCunebis jgufebsa da organizaciebSi sxva bavSvebTan
ufleba erTad, Tuki es xels ar uSlis sxva adamianebs
mTavrobebma pativi unda scen Sens uflebas, TavianTi uflebebiT sargeblobaSi.
gqondes saxeli, moqalaqeoba da ojaxuri
kavSirebi. muxli 16. piradi cxovreba, pativi da
reputacia
muxli 9. mSoblebisgan daSoreba: Sen gaqvs piradi cxovrebis ufleba.
Sen ar unda daSorde mSoblebs, garda im aravin unda daesxas Tavs Sens saxels, Sens
SemTxvevebisa, Tu es SenTvis sasikeTod keTdeba sacxovrebels, ar unda gaxsnas Seni werilebi da
285
eleqtronuli fosta an Segawuxos Sen da Seni wamlebi, saavadmyofoebi da eqimebi). Sen gaqvs
ojaxi seriozuli mizezis gareSe. ufleba, gqondes sufTa sasmeli wyali, kargi
muxli 17. bavSvisTvis Sesatyvisi sakvebi da sufTa garemo, aseve jandacvasTan
informaciisa da masobrivi informaciis dakavSirebuli codna, raTa janmrTeli iyo.
saSualebebis xelmisawvdomoba mdidari qveynebi unda daexmaron ufro Raribebs
Sen gaqvs ufleba, miiRo sarwmuno informacia am miznis miRwevaSi.
sxvadasxva wyarodan, maT Soris wignebidan,
gazeTebidan da Jurnalebidan, televiziidan, muxli 25. bavSvebis mimarT mopyrobis
radiodan da internetidan. es informacia perioduli Seswavla
SenTvis sasargeblo da gasagebi unda iyos. Tu Senze saxelmwifo organoebi an
dawesebulebebi zrunaven da ara Seni mSoblebi,
muxli 18. mSobelTa erToblivi Seni konkretuli situacia periodulad unda
pasuxismgebloba Sefasdes, raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos, rom
Sens aRzrdaze pasuxismgebloba orive Senze kargad zrunaven da kargad gepyrobian.
mSobels ekisreba da maT yovelTvis unda
gaiTvaliswinon, Tu ra aris SenTvis ukeTesi. muxli 26. socialuri uzrunvelyofis
mTavrobebi unda exmarebodnen mSoblebs sistemis mier gaweuli daxmareba
maTi xelSemwyobi samsaxurebis SeqmniT, sazogadoebam, romelSic Sen cxovrob,
gansakuTrebiT iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac unda uzrunvelyos SenTvis socialuri
orive mSobeli muSaobs. uzrunvelyofis sistemis yvela sikeTe (kveba,
janmrTelobis dacva da socialuri dacva),
muxli 19. bavSvis dacva yvelanairi romelic dagexmareba ganviTarebaSi da
formis Zaladobis, Seuracxyofisa da karg pirobebSi cxovrebaSi. mTavrobam unda
ugulebelyofisgan uzrunvelyos damatebiTi finansuri saxsrebis
mTavrobebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom Senze gamoyofa gaWirvebuli ojaxebis bavSvebisTvis
saTanado zrunva xdebodes da unda dagicvan
mSoblebisa Tu Senze mzrunveli nebismieri sxva muxli 27. cxovrebis saTanado done
adamianebis mxridan Zaladobis, Seuracxyofisa Sen unda icxovro karg pirobebSi, romlebic
da ugulebelyofisgan. dagexmareba fizikur, gonebriv, sulier,
zneobriv da socialur ganviTarebaSi.
muxli 20. alternatiuli mzrunveloba mTavrobebi unda daexmaron am miznis
Tu mSoblebs da ojaxs ar SeuZliaT Senze miRwevaSi im ojaxebs, romelTac ara aqvT amis
saTanadod zrunva, maSin Sen unda mogiaron SesaZlebloba.
iseTma adamianebma, romlebic pativs scemen
Sens religias, tradiciebsa da enas. muxli 28. ganaTlebis ufleba
Sen gaqvs ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba. saskolo
muxli 21. Svilad ayvana disciplinis damyarebisas aucilebelia Seni
Tu Sen Svilad xar ayvanili, mTavari Rirsebis mimarT pativiscemiT mopyroba.
sazrunavi unda iyos is, Tu ra aris ukeTesi dawyebiTi ganaTleba ufaso da savaldebulo
SenTvis, miuxedavad imisa, Svilad ayvanili xar unda iyos. mdidari qveynebi unda daexmaron
qveyanaSi, sadac daibade, Tu sxva qveyanaSi. ufro Raribebs am miznis miRwevaSi.
muxli 22. ltolvili bavSvebi muxli 29. ganaTlebis miznebi

Tu axal qveyanaSi imitom Camoxvedi, rom Sens ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos Seni
samSobloSi cxovreba ar aris usafrTxo, Sen pirovnebis, niWisa da gonebrivi da fizikuri
gaqvs dacvisa da mxardaWeris miRebis ufleba. unar-Cvevebis sruli ganviTarebisken.
Sen igive uflebebi gaqvs, rac am qveyanaSi ganaTlebam Sen cxovrebisTvis unda mogamzados
dabadebul bavSvebs. da unda STaginergos mSoblebisadmi, Seni da
sxva erebis kulturuli TviTmyofadobisadmi
muxli 23. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis pativiscema. Sen gaqvs ufleba, icode Seni
mqone bavSvebi uflebebi.
Tu raime saxis unarSezRuduloba gaqvs,
unda gagewios sgangebo zrunva, xelSewyoba muxli 30. umciresobebisa da mkvidri
da mogeces ganaTleba, raTa SeZlo savse da mosaxleobis bavSvebi
damoukidebeli cxovrebiT cxovreba da Seni Sen gaqvs ufleba, iswavlo da gamoiyeno
SesaZleblobebis mixedviT sazogadoebriv Seni ojaxis wes-Cveulebebi, religia da ena,
cxovrebaSi maqsimalurad monawileoba. miuxedavad imisa, iziarebs Tu ara maT qveyanaSi
mcxovrebi mosaxleobis umravlesoba.
muxli 24. janmrTelobis dacvisa da
jandacvis momsaxurebis miRebis ufleba muxli 31. dasvenebis da TamaSisa da
Sen gaqvs ufleba, avadmyofobisas miiRo kulturul cxovrebaSi monawileobis
maRali xarisxis janmrTelobis dacva (anu ufleba
286
Sen gaqvs dasvenebisa da TamaSis ufleba,
aseve sxvadasxva gasarTob da kulturul muxli 39. msxverpli bavSvebis
RonisZiebaSi monawileobis ufleba. reabilitacia
Tu Sen ugulebelyofis, wamebis an
muxli 32. bavSvTa Sroma Seuracxyofis, eqspluataciis an omis
mTavrobam unda dagicvas iseTi Sromisgan, msxverpli xar, an Tu cixeSi ijeqi, Sen unda
romelmac SeiZleba avnos Sens janmrTelobas miiRo sgangebo daxmareba Seni fizikuri da
an ganviTarebas, romelmac SeiZleba xeli fsiqologiuri gajansaRebisTvis da socialuri
SeuSalos Sens ganaTlebas an gamoiwvios Seni reintegraciisTvis.
eqspluatacia sxva adamianebis mxridan.
muxli 40. arasrulwlovanTa
muxli 33. bavSvebi da narkomania marTlmsajuleba
mTavrobam unda miiRos aucilebeli Tu bralad gedeba kanonis darRveva, Sen
zomebi, raTa dagicvas saxifaTo narkotikuli ise unda mogepyron, rom pativi scen Sens
saSualebebis moxmarebisgan, warmoebisa Tu Rirsebas. Sen unda miiRi iuridiuli daxmareba
gavrcelebisgan. da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis ganaCeni mxolod
gansakuTrebiT seriozuli danaSaulebisTvis
muxli 34. dacva seqsualuri unda gamogitanon.
eqspluataciisgan
mTavrobam unda dagicvas seqsualuri muxli 41. pativiscema adamianis uflebaTa
eqspluataciisgan. ufro maRali standartebis mimarT
Tu Seni qveynis kanonebi ufro metad
muxli 35. trefikingisgan, gayidvisa da uwyobs xels bavSvis uflebaTa realizacias,
motacebisgan dacva vidre es konvencia, saWiroa am kanonebiT
mTavrobam unda dagicvas motacebisgan, xelmZRvaneloba.
gayidvisa da sxva qveynebSi eqspluataciis
mizniT wayvanisgan. muxli 42. konvenciis saqveynod
gavrceleba
muxli 36. dacva eqspluataciis sxva mTavrobam es konvencia unda gaacnos yvela
formebisgan mSobels, dawesebulebasa da bavSvs.
Sen daculi unda iyo nebismieri iseTi
qmedebisgan, romelmac SeiZleba ziani miayeneos muxlebi 43-54. mTavrobaTa movaleobebi
Sens ganviTarebas da keTildReobas. konvenciis am muxlebSi ganmartebulia,
Tu rogor unda iTanamSromlon ufrosma
muxli 37. dacva wamebisgan, Rirsebis adamianebma da mTavrobebma, raTa yvela bavSvma
Semlaxveli mopyrobisa da Tavisuflebis isargeblos sakuTari uflebebiT.
aRkveTa
Tu kanoni daarRvie, dauSvebelia Sens mimarT
sastikad mopyroba. Sen ar unda mogaTavson ---------------------------
cixeSi zrdasrul adamianebTan erTad da unda SeniSvna: bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia
SegeZlos ojaxTan kontaqti. miRebuli iqna gaero-s generaluri asambleis
mier 1989 wels, xolo saerTaSoriso samarTlis
muxli 38. SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis nawilis saxiT ZalaSi Sevida 1990 wels. bavSvis
Sedegad dazaralebuli bavSvebis dacva uflebaTa konvenciaSi 54 muxlia, romlebic
Tu Sen 15 wlis (evropis qveynebis umetesobaSi gansazRvravs bavSvis uflebebs da aseve imas, Tu
– 18 wlis) jer ara xar, mTavrobebma ar unda rogor unda daicvan mTavrobebma es uflebebi
dauSvan, rom Sexvide jarSi an raime saxiT da xeli Seuwyon maT realizacias. msoflios
pirdapiri monawileoba miiRo samxedro TiTqmis yvela qveyanam moaxdina am konvenciis
moqmedebebSi. saomar teritoriebze myofma ratificireba da dado masSi gansazRvruli
bavSvebma sgangebo dacva unda miiRon. uflebebis aRiarebis piroba.
287
miRebuli iqna da gaixsna xelmoweris, ratificirebisa da mierTebisTvis gaero-s gener-
aluri asambleis 1989 wlis 20 noembris 44/25 rezoluciis safuZvelze.
ZalaSi Sevida 1990 wlis 2 seqtembers, misi 49-e muxlis Tanaxmad.
preambula misi 23-e da 24-e muxlebiT), ekonomikuri,

socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis
winamdebare konvenciis monawile saerTaSoriso paqtiT (kerZod, me-10 muxliT),
saxelmwifoebi agreTve bavSvTa keTildReobis sakiTxebze
miiCneven ra, rom gaerTianebuli erebis momuSave spe-cializebuli dawesebulebebisa
organizaciis mier deklarirebuli principebis da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis Sesabamisi
Sesabamisad sazogadoebis yvela wevris Rirsebis, dokumentebiT, mxedvelobaSi iReben ra bavSvis
Tanaswori da xelSeuvali uflebebis aRiareba uflebaTa deklaraciis miTiTebas, rom `bavSvs,
aris dedamiwaze Tavisuflebis, samarTlianobisa misi fizikuri da gonebrivi moumwifeblobis
da mSvidobis uzrunvelyofis safuZveli, gamo, esaWiroeba specialuri dacva da zrunva,
mxedvelobaSi iReben ra, rom gaerTianebuli Sesatyvisi samarTlebrivi dacvis CaTvliT,
erebis organizaciis xalxebma wesdebaSi cxadyves rogorc dabadebamde, ise dabadebis Semdeg~,
TavianTi erTguleba adamianis ZiriTadi eyrdnobian ra deklaraciis debulebebs im
uflebebis, adamianis pirovnebis Rirsebisa da socialuri da samarTlebrivi principebis
Rirebulebisadmi da mtkiced aqvT gadawyvetili Sesaxeb, romlebic moicavs bavSvebis dacvasa
meti Tavisuflebis pirobebSi xeli Seuwyon da keTildReobas, gansakuTrebiT erovnul da
socialur progressa da cxovrebis pirobebis saerTaSoriso doneze bavSvTa aRsazrdelad
gaumjobesebas, aRiareben ra, rom gaerTianebuli gadacemisa da Svilad ayvanisas, arasrulwlovanTa
erebis organizaciam adamianis uflebaTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebis
sayovelTao deklaraciaSi da adamianis uflebaTa gaerTianebuli erebis or-ganizaciiseul
Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso paqtebSi gamoacxada, rom minimalur standartul wesebs (`pekinis wesebi~),
yovel adamians unda hqondes am dokumentebSi gansakuTrebul viTarebaSi da SeiaraRebuli kon-
miTiTebuli yvela ufleba da Tavisufleba fliqtebis dros qalTa da bavSvTa dacvis Sesaxeb
ganurCevlad iseTi niSnebisa, rogoricaa rasa, deklaracias, aRiareben ra, rom msoflios yvela
kanis feri, sqesi, ena, religia, politikuri qveyanaSi arian bavSvebi, romlebic cxovroben
Tu sxva mrwamsi, erovnuli Tu socialuri gansakuTrebiT rTul pirobebSi da rom aseTi
warmoSoba, qonebrivi mdgomareoba, dabadeba bavSvebi saWiroeben gansakuTrebul yuradRebas,
Tu sxva viTarebani, iTvaliswineben ra, rom saTanadod iTvaliswineben ra bavSvis dacvisa
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi da harmoniuli ganviTarebisTvis yoveli xalxis
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciam gamo-acxada tradiciebisa da kulturuli faseulobebis
bavSvTa ufleba, gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobiT mniSvnelobas, aRiareben ra yvela qveyanaSi,
iyvnen garemosilni, darwmunebuli arian ra, rom kerZod, ganviTarebad qveynebSi bavSvTa
ojaxi, rogorc sazogadoebis ZiriTadi ujredi da cxovrebis gaumjobesebisTvis saerTa-Soriso
misi wevrebis, gansakuTrebiT ki bavSvebis, zrdisa TanamSromlobis mniSvnelobas,
da keTildReobis bunebrivi garemo, aucilebelad SeTanxmdnen Semdegze:
unda iyos daculi da mas aucileblad unda
gaewios Tanadgoma, raTa man Tavis Tavze srulad nawili I
aiRos sazogadoebrivi valdebulebani, aRiareben
ra, rom bavSvis pirovnebis sruli da harmoniuli muxli 1
ganviTarebisTvis aucilebelia, igi izrdebodes winamdebare konvenciis miznebisTvis bavSvad
ojaxur garemoSi, bednierebis, siyvarulis da iTvleba 18 wlamde asakis yoveli adamiani, Tuki
urTierTgagebis atmosferoSi, miaCniaT ra, rom romelime qveynis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT bavSvi
bavSvi srulyofilad unda iyos momzadebuli ufro adre ar aRwevs srulwlovanebas.
sazogadoebaSi damoukidebeli cxovrebisTvis da
aRizardos gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis muxli 2
wesdebaSi gacxadebuli idealebis, gansakuTrebiT 1. monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen da
ki mSvidobis, adamianis Rirsebis pativiscemis, uzrunvelyofen maTi iurisdiqciis farglebSi
Semwynareblobis, Tavisuflebis, Tanasworobisa myofi TiToeuli bavSvis yvela uflebas, romelic
da solidarobis suliskveTebiT, mxedvelobaSi winamdebare konvenciiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli,
iReben ra, rom bavSvis aseTi gansakuTrebuli nebismieri saxis diskriminaciis gareSe, rasis,
dacvis aucilebloba gaTvaliswinebulia bavSvis kanis feris, sqesis, enis, religiis, politikuri
ufle-baTa Jenevis 1924 wlis deklaraciiT, 1959 Tu sxva mrwamsis, erovnuli, eTnikuri Tu
wlis 20 noembers generaluri asambleis mier socialuri warmoSobis, qonebrivi mdgomareobis,
miRebuli bavSvis uflebaTa deklaraciiT da bavSvis, misi mSoblebisa da kanonieri meurveebis
aRiarebulia adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao janmrTelobisa da dabadebis mdgomareobis an
deklaraciiT, moqalaqeobrivi da politikuri sxva ram viTarebis ganurCevlad.
uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtiT (kerZod, 2. monawile saxelmwifoebi yovelgvar
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aucilebel zomas Rebuloben diskriminaciis maqsimalurad uzrunvelyofen bavSvis sicocxlis
yvela im formisa da sasjelisgan bavSvis dacvis SenarCunebasa da jansaR ganviTarebas.
uzrunvelsayofad, romlebic ukavSirdeba
bavSvis, bavSvis mSoblebis, kanonieri meurveebis an muxli 7
ojaxis sxva wevrTa statuss, saqmianobas, maT mier 1. bavSvi registracias gadis dabadebisTanave
gamoTqmul Sexedulebebs da maT gamJRavnebul da mas dabadebidanve gaaCnia ufleba, hqondes
mrwamss. saxeli da SeiZinos moqalaqeoba, agreTve,
ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia, uflebamosilia
muxli 3 icnobdes Tavis mSoblebs da garemosili iyos
1. bavSvis mimarT nebismier qmedebaTa maTi mzrunvelobiT.
ganxorcielebisas, miuxedavad imisa, Tu vin aris 2. monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen
maTi ganmaxorcielebeli, - saxelmwifo Tu kerZo am uflebaTa ganxorcielebas sakuTari
dawesebulebebi, romlebic muSaoben socialuri erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Sesatyvisad da Tavisi
uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebze, sasamarTloebi, movaleobebis Sesrulebas am sferoSi Sesabamisi
administraciuli Tu sakanonmdeblo organoebi - saerTaSoriso dokumentebis Tanaxmad, kerZod,
upirvelesi yuradReba eTmoba bavSvis interesebis im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki sxvagvarad bavSvs ar eqneba
dacvis ukeT uzrunvelyofas. moqalaqeoba.
2. monawile saxelmwifoebi, iTvaliswineben ra
bavSvis mSoblis, bavSvis mimarT pasuxismgeblobis muxli 8
mtvirTveli kanonieri meurveebisa da sxva pirebis 1. monawile saxelmwifoebi valdebulebas
uflebebsa da movaleobebs, valdebulebas iReben pativi scen bavSvis uflebas, SeinarCunos
iReben uzrunvelyon bavSvi iseTi dacviTa da Tavisi individualoba, moqalaqeobis, saxelisa
mzrunvelobiT, romelic aucilebelia misi da ojaxuri kavSirebis CaTvliT, rogorc es
keTildReobisTvis da amisTvis iReben yvela gaTvaliswinebulia kanoniT da ar dauSvan amaSi
sakanonmdeblo da administraciul zomas. kanonsawinaamRdego Careva.
3. monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen, 2. Tu bavSvi ukanonod kargavs Tavisi
rom bavSvisTvis zrunvaze an mis dacvaze individualobis nawils an mis yvela elements,
pasuxismgebeli dawese-bulebebi, samsaxurebi monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen
an organoebi Seesabamebodnen kompetenturi mas aucilebeli mfarvelobiT da daxmarebas
organoebis mier dawesebul normebs, kerZod, aRmouCenen misi individualobis uswrafesi aR-
usafrTxoebisa da janmrTelobis dacvis sferoSi dgenisTvis.
maTi personalis ricxobriobisa da vargisianobis,
agreTve kompetenturi zedamxedvelobis muxli 9
TvalsazrisiT. 1. monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen,
rom bavSvi ar daSordes Tavis mSoblebs maTi
muxli 4 survilis sawinaaRmde-god, im SemTxvevaTa
monawile saxelmwifoebi Rebuloben yvela gamoklebiT, roca kompetenturi organoebi,
aucilebel sakanonmdeblo, administraciul sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad,
da sxvagvar zomas winamde-bare konvenciiT saTanado kanonisa da proceduris Sesabamisad
aRiarebul uflebaTa gansaxorcieleblad. gansazRvraven, rom aseTi daSoreba aucilebelia
monawile saxelmwifoebi ekonomikur, socialur da ukeT em-saxureba bavSvis interesebs. es
da kulturul uflebaTa realizaciisTvis aseT SeiZleba aucilebeli gaxdes ama Tu im konkretul
zomebs Rebuloben maT xelT arsebuli resursebis SemTxvevaSi, magaliTad, roca mSoblebi sastikad
maqsimaluri gamoyenebiT, aucileblobis eqcevian bavSvs da ar zrunaven masze, an roca
SemTxvevaSi ki _ saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis mSoblebi cxovroben cal-calke da aucilebelia
farglebSi. bavSvis sacxovrebeli adgilis Taobaze
gadawyvetilebis miReba.
muxli 5 2. am muxlis pirveli punqtis Sesabamisad,
monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs miageben nebismieri ganxilvis dros yvela dainteresebul
mSoblebisa da Sesabamis SemTxvevebSi adgilobrivi mxares SesaZlebloba eZleva, monawileoba
adaT-wesebis Sesatyvisad farTod gagebuli miiRos saqmis ganxilvaSi da gamoTqvas sakuTari
ojaxis wevrebis an Temis, meurveebisa da sxva mosazrebebi.
pirebis uflebebsa da movaleobebs, romlebic 3. monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen erT
kanonis mixedviT pasuxismgebelni arian bavSvze, an orive mSobels dacilebuli bavSvis uflebas,
imaze, rom saTanadod xelmZRvanelobdnen bavSvs regularuli piradi urTierTobebi da pirdapiri
winamdebare konvenciiT aRiarebul uflebaTa kontaqtebi hqondes orive mSobelTan, im
ganxorcielebaSi da akeTebdnen amas bavSvis SemTxvevis garda, roca es ewinaaRmdegeba bavSvis
unarTa ganviTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT. yvelaze WeSmarit interesebs.
4. im SemTxvevaSi, roca aseTi daSoreba
muxli 6 gamomdinareobs monawile saxelmwifoTa
1. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben, rom romelime gadawyvetilebidan, anu roca saqme
yovel bavSvs aqvs sicocxlis xelSeuxebeli exeba, magaliTad, erTi an orive mSoblis an
ufleba. bavSvis dapatimrebas, gasaxlebas, deportacias
2. monawile saxelmwifoebi SesaZleblobisamebr an sikvdils (mocemuli piris saxelmwifo
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gamgeblobaSi yofnisas nebismieri mizeziT organos meSveobiT, erovnuli kanonmdeblobis
gamowveuli sikvdilis CaTvliT), monawile procesualuri normebiT gaTvaliswinebuli
saxelmwifo aseT mSoblebs, bavSvs an, Tu es wesiT.
aucilebelia, ojaxis sxva wevrs maTi TxovniT
aZlevs aucilebel informacias ojaxidan wasuli muxli 13
wevris/wevrebis adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb, Tu 1. bavSvs ufleba aqvs Tavisuflad gamoTqvas
am informaciis micema zians ar ayenebs bavSvis Tavisi azri; es ufleba moicavs Tavisuflebas,
keTildReobas. monawile saxelmwifoebi sazRvrebis arsebobis miuxedavad moiZios, miiRos
SemdgomSi uzrunvelyofen, rom aseTi Txovna an gadasces nebismieri saxis informacia an idea
TavisTavad ar iwvevdes Sesabamisi pirisTvis zepiri, werilobiTi Tu beWduri formiT, bavSvis
(pirTaTvis) arasasurvel Sedegebs. arCevanisamebr.
2. am uflebis ganxorcieleba, SesaZloa,
muxli 10 erTgvarad SeizRudos, magram es SezRudva
1. monawile saxelmwifoTa mier me-9 kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli da aucilebeli unda
muxlis 1-li punqtiT Tavis Tavze aRebuli iyos:
valdebulebis Sesabamisad, bavSvis an misi a) sxva pirTa uflebebisa da reputaciis
mSoblis gancxadeba ojaxis gamTlianebis mizniT pativiscemisTvis;
monawile saxelmwifoSi Sesvlis an iqidan b) saxelmwifo uSiSroebis an sazogadoebrivi
gasvlis Taobaze monawile saxelmwifoebma wesrigis (ordre public), an mosaxleobis
unda ganixilon pozitiurad, humanurad da janmrTelobis an zneobis dacvisTvis.
operatiulad. monawile saxelmwifoebi SemdgomSi
uzrunvelyofen, rom aseTi Txovnis wardgenas ar muxli 14
mohyves arasasurveli Sedegebi ganmcxadeblis an 1. monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen
maTi ojaxis wevrebisTvis. bavSvis azris, sindisis da religiuri rwmenis
2. bavSvs, romlis mSoblebic sxvadasxva Tavisuflebas.
saxelmwifoSi cxovroben, ufleba gaaCnia, 2. monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen
gansakuTrebuli viTarebis garda, regularuli mSobelTa da Sesabamis SemTxvevaSi kanonier
piradi urTierTobebi da pirdapiri kontaqtebi meurveTa uflebebsa da movaleobebs,
hqondes orive mSobelTan. am mizniT monawile uxelmZRvanelon bavSvs misi uflebebis im meTodiT
saxelmwifoebi, me-9 muxlis 1-li punqtis ganxorcielebaSi, romelic Seesatyviseba bavSvis
Sesabamisad, pativs scemen bavSvisa da misi ganviTarebad unarebs.
mSoblebis uflebas datovon nebismieri qveyana, 3. religiuri aRmsareblobis an rwmenis
sakuTari qveynis CaTvliT, da dabrundnen Tavis Tavisufleba SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros mxolod
qveyanaSi. nebismieri qveynis datovebis uflebis im SezRudvebs, romlebic dadgenilia kanoniT
mimarT moqmedebs mxolod iseTi SezRudvebi, da aucilebelia saxelmwifo uSiSroebis,
romlebic dadgenilia kanoniT da aucilebelia sazogadoebrivi wesrigis, mosaxleobis zneobisa
saxelmwifo uSiSroebis, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis da janmrTelobis an sxva pirTa ZiriTadi
(ordre public), mosaxleobis janmrTelobis an uflebebisa da Tavisuflebis dacvisTvis.
zneobis, an sxva pirTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebis
dacvisTvis da SeTavsebadia winamdebare muxli 15
konvenciaSi aRiarebul sxva uflebebTan. 1. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben bavSvis
uflebas, sargeblobdes asociaciebisa da
muxli 11 mSvidobiani Sekrebebis TavisuflebiT.
1. monawile saxelmwifoebi Rebuloben 2. mocemuli uflebis ganxorcielebis mimarT
zomebs bavSvTa ukanonod gadaadgilebis an ar SeiZleba dawesdes raime SezRudva, garda
sazRvargareT maTi ukanon-od datovebis SezRudvebisa, romlebic dawesdeba kanonis
winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. Sesabamisad da aucilebelia demokratiul
2. am mizniT monawile saxelmwifoebi xels sazogadoebaSi saxelmwifo uSiSroebis an
uwyoben ormxrivi an mravalmxrivi SeTanxmebebis sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis, sazogadoebrivi
dadebas an moqmed SeTanxmebebTan SeerTebas. wesrigis (ordre public) interesebisTvis, an
mosaxleobis janmrTelobis an zneobis, an sxva
muxli 12 pirTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebis dacvisTvis.
1. monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen
sakuTari Sexedulebebis Camoyalibebis unaris muxli 16
mqone bavSvis uflebas, Tavisuflad gamoTqvas 1. arcerTi bavSvi ar SeiZleba iyos piradi
Tavisi Sexedulebebi nebismier sakiTxze, romelic da ojaxuri cxovrebis, sacxovrebeli
mas exeba, amasTan, bavSvis Sexedulebebs saTanado binis xelSeuxeblobis an korespondenciis
yuradReba eTmoba misi asakisa da simwifis saidumloebis uflebaTa mis mier
Sesabamisad. ganxorcielebaSi TviTneburi an ukanono
2. am mizniT bavSvs, kerZod, eZleva Carevis, an misi Rirsebisa da reputaciis ukanono
SesaZlebloba, mousminon mas sasamarTlo xelyofis obieqti.
Tu administraciuli wesiT nebismieri saqmis 2. bavSvs ufleba aqvs, kanoniT iyos daculi
ganxilvisas, romelic bavSvs exeba, rogorc msgavsi Carevis an xelyofisgan.
uSualod, aseve warmomadgenlis an Sesabamisi
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muxli 17 raTa bavSvi daicvan mSoblebis, kanonieri
monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben masobrivi meurveebis an bavSvze mzrunveli nebismieri sxva
informaciis saSualebaTa mniSvnelovan rols da piris mxridan yvelanairi formis fizikuri Tu
uzrunvelyofen bavSvisTvis sxvadasxva erovnuli fsiqologiuri Zaladobisgan, Seuracxyofisa
da saerTaSoriso wyaroebiT gavrcelebuli Tu borotad gamoyenebisgan, mzrunvelobis
informaciisa da masalebis misawvdo-mobas, moklebisa Tu daudevari mopyrobisgan, uxeSi
gansakuTrebiT iseTi informaciisa da masalebisa, moqcevisa Tu eqspluataciisgan, seqsualuri
romlebic mimarTulia bavSvis socialuri, borotebis CaTvliT.
sulieri da moraluri keTildReobisken, agreTve 2. dacvis aseTi RonisZiebebi aucileblobis
jansaRi fizikuri da fsiqikuri ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi moicavs efeqtur procedurebs
xelSewyobisken. am mizniT monawile saxelmwifoebi socialuri programebis SemuSavebisTvis
- im mizniT, raTa aucilebeli mxardaWera
a) axdenen masobrivi informaciis aRmouCinon bavSvs da im pirebs, vinc masze
saSualebebiT im informaciisa da masalebis zrunavs, agreTve xeli Seuwyon bavSvTa mimarT
gavrcelebis waxalisebas, romelic sasargebloa sastiki damokidebulebis zemoTaRniSnuli
bavSvis socialuri da kulturuli ganviTarebis gamovlinebebis Tavidan acilebis, winaswari
TvalsazrisiT da gamoxatavs 29-e muxlis gamomJRavnebis, Setyobinebis, gansaxilvelad
suliskveTebas; gadacemis, gamoZiebis, mkurnalobis da sxva
b) axdenen saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas, aucileblobis
waxalisebas sxvadasxva kulturuli, erovnuli da SemTxvevaSi ki - sasamarTlo proceduris
saerTaSoriso wyaroebidan mopovebuli amgvari aRZvras.
informaciisa da masalebis momzadebis, gacvlisa
da gavrcelebis mizniT; muxli 20
g) axdenen sabavSvo literaturis gamocemisa 1. bavSvs, romelic droebiT an mudmivad
da gavrcelebis waxalisebas; moklebulia ojaxur garemos, anda, misive
d) axdenen masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis yvelaze WeSmariti in-teresebidan gamomdinare,
waxalisebas, raTa maT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba ar SeiZleba darCes aseT garemoSi, ufleba aqvs
dauTmon im bavSvis enobriv moTxovnilebebs, saxelmwifos gansakuTrebuli mfarvelobiTa da
romelic miekuTvneba romelime umciresobis daxmarebiT sargeblobdes.
jgufs an mkvidr mosaxleobas; 2. monawile saxelmwifoebi TavianTi erovnuli
e) axdenen im saxis informaciisa da kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofen
masalebisgan bavSvis dacvis saTanado principebis aseTi bavSvis mimarT mzrunvelobis formis
SemuSavebis waxalisebas, romelic sazianoa misi Secvlas.
keTildReobisTvis, me-13 da me-18 muxlebis 3. aseTi mzrunveloba SeiZleba moicavdes,
debulebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT. kerZod, bavSvis aRsazrdelad gadacemas,
muslimanuri samarTlis `kafalas~, Svilad
muxli 18 ayvanas an aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi bavSvTa
1. monawile saxelmwifoebi yvelafers movla-patronobisTvis mowodebul Sesabamis
akeTeben, raTa uzrunvelyon bavSvis aRzrdasa da dawesebulebaSi mis moTavsebas. mzrunvelobis
ganviTarebaze orive mSoblis saerTo da Tanabari formis Secvlis variantebis ganxilvisas
pasuxismgeblobis principis aRiareba. mSoblebs aucilebelia saTanadod iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli
an Sesabamis SemTxvevebSi kanoni-er meurveebs bavSvis aRzrdis memkvidreobiTobis sasurveloba
ekisrebaT ZiriTadi pasuxismgebloba bavSvis da misi eTnikuri warmomavloba, religiuri da
aRzrdasa da ganviTarebaze, bavSvis yvelaze kulturuli kuTvnileba da mSobliuri ena.
WeSmariti interesebi warmoadgens maTi zrunvis
mTavar sgans. muxli 21
2. winamdebare konvenciaSi gamokveTil monawile saxelmwifoebi, romlebic aRiareben
uflebaTa ganxorcielebis garantiis Seqmnisa an Tanxmdebian Svilad ayvanis sistemis arsebobas,
da xelSewyobis mizniT monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen, rom bavSvis yvelaze WeSmariti
saTanado daxmarebas uweven mSoblebsa da interesebi gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes uwinares
kanonier meurveebs maTi movaleobis SesrulebaSi, yovlisa, da isini:
aRzardon bavSvi da uzrunvelyofen sabavSvo a) uzrunvelyofen, rom bavSvis Svilad ayvanis
dawesebulebaTa qselis ganviTarebas. nebarTvas iZleodes mxolod kompetenturi
3. monawile saxelmwifoebi yvela aucilebel xelisufleba, romelic saTanado kanonebisa
zomas Rebuloben imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom da procedurebis Sesabamisad da saqmesTan
bavSvebs, romelTa mSoblebic muSaoben, ufleba dakavSirebuli sarwmuno informaciis
hqondeT isargeblon maTTvis gankuTvnili safuZvelze gansazRvravs, rom Svilad ayvana
samsaxurebiTa da dawesebulebebiT, romelTac dasaSvebia mSoblebTan, naTesavebTan da kanonier
bavSvTa movla-patronoba ekisrebaT. meurveebTan mimarTebaSi bavSvis statusis
gaTvaliswinebiT da rom, Tu es saWiroa,
muxli 19 dainteresebuli pirebi Segnebulad daTanxmdnen
1. monawile saxelmwifoebi yvela aucilebel Svilad ayvanas iseTi konsultaciis safuZvelze,
sakanonmdeblo, administraciul, socialur da rogoric SeiZleba aucilebeli iyos;
sganmanaTleblo zomas Rebuloben im mizniT, b) aRiareben, rom Svilad ayvana sxva qveyanaSi
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SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnes, rogorc bavSvis movlis unarSezRuduli bavSvis uflebas, sargeblobdes
alternatiuli saSualeba, Tu bavSvi ar SeiZleba gansakuTrebuli mzrunvelobiT da saTanado
aRsazrdelad gadaeces an SeuerTdes ojaxs, resursebis arsebobis pirobebSi, axaliseben da
romelic SeZlebda uzrunveleyo misi aRzrda uzrunvelyofen am uflebis mqone bavSvisTvis
an Svilad ayvana da Tu im qveyanaSi, sadac bavSvi da mis mimarT mzrunvelobaze pasuxismgebeli
daibada, SeuZlebelia misi Sesaferisi ramenairi pirebisTvis iseTi daxmarebis gawevas,
movla-patronobis uzrunvelyofa; rogorsac iTxovdnen da romelic Seesabameba
g) uzrunvelyofen, rom sxva qveyanaSi bavSvis bavSvisa da misi mSoblebis, an im sxva pirTa
Svilad ayvanis SemTxvevaSi arsebobdes iseTive mdgomareobas, romlebic uzrunvelyofen bavSvze
garantiebi da normebi, rogoric arsebobs qveynis mzrunvelobas.
SigniT Svilad ayvanis dros; 3. unarSezRuduli bavSvis gansakuTrebul
d) iReben yvela aucilebel zomas imis saWiroebaTa aRiarebis niSnad, winamdebare
uzrunvelsayofad, rom sxva qveyanaSi Svilad muxlis me-2 punqtis Ses-abamisad, daxmareba,
ayvanis dros am saqmesTan dakavSirebul pirebs mSoblebisa da bavSvze mzrunvelobis
ar mieceT gaumarTlebeli finansuri mogebis uzrunvelmyofi sxva pirebis finansuri
miRebis saSualeba; resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT SeZlebisdagvarad
e) aucilebel SemTxvevaSi xels uwyoben ufasoa da miznad isaxavs unarSezRudul bavSvs
winamdebare muxlis miznebis miRwevas ormxrivi da misces imis efeqturi SesaZlebloba, rom man
mravalmxrivi xelSekrulebebisa da SeTanxmebebis isargeblos sganmanaTleblo, samedicino,
dadebis gziT da cdiloben am safuZvelze janmrTelobis aRmdgeni, profesiuli da
uzrunvelyon, rom bavSvis mowyoba sxva qveyanaSi SromiTi saqmianobisTvis mosamzadeblad saWiro
xorcieldebodes kompetenturi xelisuflebis momsaxurebiT da dasvenebis saSualebebiT, rac
an organoebis mier. bavSvs maqsimalurad srulad CarTavs socialur
cxovrebaSi da xels Seuwyobs misi pirovnebis
muxli 22 ganviTarebas, rac kulturuli da sulieri
1. monawile saxelmwifoebi aucilebel zomebs TvalsazrisiT mis zrdasac moicavs.
iReben, raTa uzrunvelyon, rom bavSvma, romelsac 4. monawile saxelmwifoebi saerTaSoriso
surs miiRos ltolvilis statusi an romelic TanamSromlobis suliskveTebiT xels uwyoben
Sesatyvisi saerTaSoriso an saSinao samarTlisa informaciis gavrcelebas unarSezRuduli
da procedurebis ZaliT iTvleba ltolvilad bavSvebis profilaqtikuri jandacvisa da
da romelsac Tan axlavs an ar axlavs mSoblebi samedicino, fsiqologiuri da funqcionaluri
an nebismieri sxva piri, isargeblos saTanado mkurnalobis dargSi, saTanado reabilitaciis,
dacviTa da humanitaruli daxmarebiT winamdebare zogadsganmanaTleblo da profesiuli momzadebis
konveciaSi da adamianis uflebebisadmi miZRvnil im meTodebze informaciis gavrcelebis CaTvliT,
sxva saerTaSoriso an humanitarul dokumentebSi agreTve am informaciis xelmisawvdomobas
aRiarebuli uflebebis gamoyenebisas, romelTa imisTvis, rom monawile saxelmwifoebma
monawileni arian aRniSnuli saxelmwifoebi. gaifarTovon am dargSi TavianTi SesaZleblobebi,
2. am mizniT monawile saxelmwifoebi, roca codna da gamocdileba. amasTan dakavSirebiT
amas aucileblad miiCneven, xels uwyoben gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciisa da im ganviTarebadi qveynebis saWiroebebs.
sxva kompetenturi samTavrobaTaSoriso an
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mcdelobas, muxli 24
romlebic TanamSromloben gaerTianebuli 1. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben
erebis organizaciasTan, daicvan aseTi bavSvi, bavSvis uflebas, isargeblos janmrTelobis
daexmaron mas da moZebnon nebismieri ltolvili dacvis sistemis yvelaze ufro srulyofili
bavSvis mSoblebi Tu ojaxis sxva wevrebi, raTa momsaxurebiT da daavadebaTa mkurnalobisa da
miiRon misi ojaxTan SeerTebisTvis aucilebeli janmrTelobis aRdgenis saukeTeso saSualebebiT.
informacia. im SemTxvevaSi, roca ar xerxdeba monawile saxelmwifoebi cdiloben uzrunvelyon,
mSoblebis an ojaxis sxva wevrebis moZebna, maSin rom arcerT bavSvs ar CamoerTvas ufleba,
bavSvi, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs winamdebare isargeblos janm-rTelobis dacvis sistemis
konvencia, uzrunvelyofilia iseTive dacviT, aseTi momsaxurebiT.
rogoriTac sxva nebismieri bavSvi, romelic raime 2. monawile saxelmwifoebi cdiloben miaRwion
mizezis gamo mudmivad an droebiT moklebulia mocemuli uflebis srul ganxorcielebas da,
ojaxur garemos. kerZod, aucilebel zomebs iReben:
a) CvilTa sikvdilianobis donisa da bavSvTa
muxli 23 sikvdilianobis SemcirebisTvis;
1. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben, rom b) yvela bavSvisTvis aucilebeli samedicino
gonebrivad an fizikurad unarSezRuduli bavSvi daxmarebisa da janmrTelobis dacvis
srulfasovnad da Rirseulad unda cxovrobdes uzrunvelyofisTvis, imisTvis, rom upiratesi
imgvar pirobebSi, romlebic uZlierebs mas yuradReba daeTmos pirveladi samedicino
Rirsebis grZnobas, sakuTari Tavis rwmenas da sanitaruli daxmarebis gawevas;
uadvilebs sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi aqtiur g) daavadebebTan da SimSilobasTan
monawileobas. brZolisTvis, maT Soris pirveladi samedicino-
2. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben sanitaruli daxmarebis farglebSi, advilad
292
xelmisawvdomi teqnologiisa da sakmao pasuxismgebloba, Tavisi unarisa da finansuri
sursaTiTa da sasmeli wyliT momaragebis gziT, SesaZleblobebis farglebSi uzrunvelyon
garemos dabinZurebis saSiSroebisa da riskis bavSvis ganviTarebisTvis saWiro cxovrebis
gaTvaliswinebiT; pirobebi.
d) dedebisTvis mSobiarobamde da mSobiarobis 3. monawile saxelmwifoebi, erovnuli pirobebis
Semdgom periodSi janmrTelobis dacvis saTanado Sesabamisad da TavianTi SesaZleblobebis
momsaxurebis gawevisTvis; farglebSi, aucilebel zomebs iReben
e) sazogadoebis yvela fenis, kerZod, imisTvis, raTa daxmareba gauwion mSoblebsa
mSoblebisa da bavSvebisTvis bavSvTa da bavSvTa aRmzrdel sxva pirebs am uflebis
janmrTelobisa da kvebis Ses-axeb informaciis ganxorcielebaSi, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi
miwodebis, ZuZuTi kvebis upiratesobebis materialurad exmarebian da Tanadgomas uweven
gacnobis uzrunvelyofisTvis, higienis, bavSvis programebs, uwinaresad sakvebiT, tansacmliTa da
sacxovrebeli garemos sanitariis dacvisa da sacxovrebliT uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT.
ubeduri SemTxvevebis Tavidan acilebis, agreTve 4. monawile saxelmwifoebi yvela aucilebel
maTTvis ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobisa da codnis zomas axorcieleben imisTvis, raTa uzrunvelyon
gamoyenebaSi daxmarebis gawevisTvis; mSoblebis, an bavSvze finansurad pasuxismgebel
v) profilaqtikuri samedicino daxmarebis sxva pirTa mier bavSvis rCenis aRdgena,
da ojaxis dagegmvis sferoSi sganmanaTleblo rogorc monawile saxelmwifos SigniT, ise mis
muSaobis gaSlisa da momsaxurebis sazRvrebs gareT. kerZod, Tu bavSvze finansurad
ganviTarebisTvis. pasuxismgebeli piri da bavSvi cxovroben
3. monawile saxelmwifoebi atareben yovelgvar sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi, monawile saxelmwifoebi
efeqtur da aucilebel zomebs im tradiciuli xels uwyoben saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebTan
praqtikis aRmofxvrisTvis, romelic uaryofiTad SeerTebas an aseTi xelSekrulebebis dadebas,
moqmedebs bavSvTa janmrTelobaze. agreTve sxva Sesabamisi SeTanxmebebis miRwevas.
4. monawile saxelmwifoebi valdebulebas
iReben waaxalison saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba muxli 28
da ganaviTaron igi mocemul muxlSi aRiarebuli 1. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben, rom bavSvs
uflebis sruli ganxorcielebis TandaTanobiT aqvs ganaTlebis ufleba da Tanabari SesaZleblobebis
miRwevisTvis. amasTan dakavSirebiT safuZvelze am uflebis TandaTanobiT
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos ganxorcielebis mizniT isini, kerZod:
ganviTarebadi qveynebis saWiroebebs. a) aweseben ufaso da savaldebulo dawyebiT
ganaTlebas;
muxli 25 b) xels uwyoben rogorc zogadi, ise
monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben profesiuli saSualo ganaTlebis sxvadasxva
kompetenturi organoebis mier movlis mizniT formebis ganviTarebas, uzrun-velyofen
sameurveod gamwesebuli bavSvis uflebas, yvela bavSvisTvis maT xelmisawvdomobas da
iyos daculi da isargeblos fizikuri Tu Rebuloben iseT aucilebel zomebs, rogoricaa
fsiqikuri mkurnalobiT; aRiareben bavSvis ufaso ganaTlebis SemoReba da aucileblobis
uflebas, periodulad xdebodes misTvis gaweuli SemTxvevaSi finansuri daxmarebis gaweva;
mkurnalobis da mis mimarT aseT meurveobasTan g) yvela aucilebeli saSualebis gamoyenebiT
dakavSirebuli sxva pirobebis Sefaseba. uzrunvelyofen umaRlesi ganaTlebis
xelmisawvdomobas yve-lasTvis TiToeulis
muxli 26 unaris Sesatyvisad;
1. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben yoveli d) uzrunvelyofen ganaTlebisa da profesiuli
bavSvis uflebas, isargeblos socialuri momzadebis sferoSi informaciisa da masalebis
uzrunvelyofis yvela sikeTiT, socialuri xelmisawvdo-mobas yvela bavSvisTvis;
dazRvevis CaTvliT, da aucilebel zomebs iReben e) Rebuloben zomebs skolebSi regularuli
am uflebis sruli ganxorcielebisTvis TavianTi daswrebis xelSesawyobad da skolidan ganTesil
erovnuli kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. moswavleTa ricxvis Sesamcireblad.
2. es SeRavaTebi bavSvs eZleva 2. monawile saxelmwifoebi yvela aucilebel
aucileblobisamebr, misi da mis rCenaze zomas mimarTaven, raTa uzrunvelyon saskolo
pasuxismgebel pirTa resursebisa da disciplinis dacva im meTodebiT, romlebic
SesaZleblobebis, agreTve bavSvis mier an misi bavSvis adamianuri Rirsebis pativiscemasa da
saxeliT am SeRavaTebis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli winamdebare konvencias efuZneba.
nebismieri sxva mosazrebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 3. monawile saxelmwifoebi axaliseben da
aviTareben saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobas im
muxli 27 sakiTxebSi, romlebic exeba ganaTlebas, kerZod,
1. monawile saxelmwifoebi cnoben yoveli mTel msoflioSi umecrebisa da wera-kiTxvis
bavSvis uflebas, uzrunvelyofili iyos ucodinarobis likvidaciisa da samecniero-
cxovrebis iseTi doniT, romelic aucilebelia teqnikuri codnisa da swavlebis Tanamedrove
misi fizikuri, gonebrivi, sulieri, zneobrivi da meTodebis misawvdomobis xelSewyobis mizniT.
socialuri ganviTarebisTvis. amasTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebuli
2. mSobels (mSoblebs) an bavSvis yuradReba unda daeTmos ganviTarebadi qveynebis
sxva aRmzrdelebs ekisrebaT ZiriTadi saWiroebebs.
293
muxli 29 muxli 32
1. monawile saxelmwifoebi eTanaxmebian imas, 1. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben
rom bavSvis ganaTleba mimarTuli unda iyos: bavSvis uflebas, daculi iyos ekonomikuri
a) bavSvis pirovnebis, niWis, gonebrivi da eqspluataciisa da nebismieri iseTi samuSaos
fizikuri unarebis sruli ganviTarebisken; Sesrulebisgan, romelic SeiZleba emuqrebodes
b) bavSvisTvis adamianis uflebebisa da mis janmrTelobas da xels uSlides ganaTlebis
ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebisadmi, agreTve miRebaSi, an zians ayenebdes mis janmrTelobas,
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wesdebaSi fizikur, gonebriv, sulier, moralur da
gancxadebuli principebisadmi pativiscemis socialur ganviTarebas.
gaRvivebisken; 2. monawile saxelmwifoebi Rebuloben
g) bavSvisTvis Tavisi mSoblebisadmi, sakanonmdeblo, administraciul da socialur
Tavisi kulturuli TviTmyofadobis, enis zomebs, atareben RonisZiebebs ganaTlebis
da faseulobebis pativiscemis Canergvisken; sferoSi, raTa ganxorcieldes winamdebare muxli.
bavSvis aRzrdisken im qveynis erovnuli am mizniT, xelmZRvaneloben ra sxva saerTaSoriso
faseulobebisadmi pativiscemis suliskveTebiT, dokumentebis Sesabamisi debulebebiT, monawile
romelSic is cxovrobs, aseve im qveynisa, saidanac saxelmwifoebi, kerZod:
igi aris warmoSobiT; bavSvis pativiscemis a) adgenen samuSaoze miRebis minimalur asaks
gaRvivebisken misi sakuTari civilizaciisgan an minimalur asakebs;
gansxvavebuli civilizaciisadmi; b) gansazRvraven samuSao dRis xangrZlivobasa
d) Tavisufal sazogadoebaSi urTierTgagebis, da Sromis pirobebTan dakavSirebul aucilebel
mSvidobis, Semwynareblobis, qalisa da mamakacis, moTxovnebs;
yvela xalx-is, eTnikuri, erovnuli da religiuri g) iTvaliswineben sasjelis Sesabamis saxeobebs
jgufebis, maT Soris, mkvidri mosaxleobis an sxva sanqciebs winamdebare muxlis efeqturi
warmomadgenelTa mimarT Tanasworobisa da ganxorcielebis uzrunvelsayofad.
megobrobis suliskveTebiT bavSvis Segnebuli
cxovrebisTvis momzadebisken; muxli 33
e) garemosadmi pativiscemis suliskveTebiT monawile saxelmwifoebi Rebuloben
bavSvis aRzrdisken. yvela aucilebel zomas, sakanonmdeblo,
2. winamdebare an 28-e muxlis arcerTi nawili administraciuli da socialuri zomebis CaTvliT,
ar zRudavs calkeuli pirebisa da organoebis agreTve RonisZiebebs ganaTlebis sferoSi,
Tavisuflebas, Seqmnan saswavlo dawesebulebebi raTa daicvan bavSvebi Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso
da uxelmZRvanelon maT winamdebare muxlis xelSekrulebebiT gansazRvruli narkotikuli
pirvel punqtSi mocemuli principebis mudmivi saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis
dacvisa da im moTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT, ukanono xmarebisgan da ar dauSvan bavSvebis
rom aseT saswavlo dawesebulebebSi miRebuli gamoyeneba am nivTierebaTa kanonsawinaaRmdego
ganaTleba Seesabamebodes saxelmwifos mier warmoebaSi an vaWrobaSi.
dadgenil minimalur normebs.
muxli 34
muxli 30 monawile saxelmwifoebi valdebulebas
im saxelmwifoebSi, sadac arseboben eTnikuri, kisruloben, daicvan bavSvi seqsualuri
religiuri an enobrivi umciresobebi an pirebi, eqspluataciis da seqsualuri cdunebis yvela
romlebic mkvidr mosaxleobas miekuTvnebian, formisgan. am mizniT monawile saxelmwifoebi,
bavSvs, romelic aseT umciresobas an mkvidr kerZod, ormxriv da mravalmxriv erovnul
mosaxleobas miekuTvneba, ar SeiZleba uari eTqvas doneebze Rebuloben yvela aucilebel zomas,
uflebaze, rom Tavisi jgufis sxva wevrebTan raTa Tavidan aicilon:
erTad eziaros sakuTar kulturas, aRiaros a) bavSvis dayolieba nebismier ukanono
Tavisi religia da Seasrulos misi wes-Cveulebebi, seqsualur qmedebaze an bavSvis iZuleba,
agreTve gamoiyenos mSobliuri ena. monawileobdes aseT qmedebaSi;
b) eqspluataciis mizniT bavSvis gamoyeneba
muxli 31 prostituciaSi an sxva ukanono seqsualur
1. monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben, rom bavSvs praqtikaSi;
gaaCnia dasvenebisa da Tavisufali drois qonis g) eqspluataciis mizniT bavSvis gamoyeneba
ufleba, misi asakisTvis Sesaferis TamaSobebsa da pornografiasa da pornografiul masalebSi.
gasarTob RonisZiebebSi monawileobis ufleba,
agreTve ufleba, Tavisuflad monawileobdes muxli 35
kulturul cxovrebaSi, eziaros xelovnebas. monawile saxelmwifoebi erovnul, ormxriv
2. monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen da mravalmxriv doneebze Rebuloben yvela
da axaliseben bavSvis uflebas, yovelmxrivi aucilebel zomas, raTa Tavi dan aicilon bavSvTa
monawileoba miiRos kulturul da SemoqmedebiT motaceba, bavSvebiT vaWroba an maTi kontrabanda
cxovrebaSi, xels uwyoben misTvis saTanado da nebismieri miznebiT da nebismieri formiT.
Tanaswori SesaZleblobebis Seqmnas kulturuli
da SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobisTvis, Tavisufali muxli 36
droiT sargeblobisa da dasvenebisTvis. monawile saxelmwifoebi bavSvs icaven
eqspluataciis yvela sxva formisgan, romelic
294
zians ayenebs bavSvis keTil-dReobis nebismier konfliqtebSi moxvedril bavSvTa dacvisa da
aspeqts. movla-patronobis uzrunvelsayofad.
muxli 37 muxli 39
monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen, monawile saxelmwifoebi yvela zomas
rom: iReben, raTa xeli Seuwyon im bavSvis fizikur
a) arcerTi bavSvi ar iyos wamebis, saerTod, da fsiqologiur gajansaRebas da socialur
sastiki, araadamianuri an Rirsebis Semlaxveli reintegracias, romelic nebismieri saxis
mopyrobis an sasjelis msxverpli. arc sikvdiliT ugulebelyofis, eqspluataciis an borotad
dasja, arc mudmivi patimroba, romelic ar gamoyenebis, wamebis, sastiki, araadamianuri
iTvaliswinebs ganTavisuflebis SesaZleblobas, da Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyrobis, sasjelis
ar SeiZleba Seefardos 18 wlamde asakis pirTa an SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis msxverplia.
mier Cadenil danaSaulebebs; aseTi gajansaReba da reintegracia unda
b) arcerT bavSvs ar aRekveTos Tavisufleba xorcieldebodes bavSvis janmrTelobis,
ukanonod an TviTneburad. bavSvis dapatimreba, sakuTari Tavis pativiscemisa da Rirsebis
dakaveba an cixeSi moTavseba xorcieldeba grZnobis SenarCunebis uzrunvelmyof pirobebSi.
kanonis Tanaxmad da ganixileba, rogorc mxolod
ukiduresi zoma rac SeiZleba naklebi periodis muxli 40
ganmavlobaSi. 1. monawile saxelmwifoebi cnoben yoveli
g) yovel TavisuflebaaRkveTil bavSvs bavSvis uflebas, romelmac, rogorc Tvlian,
epyrobodnen humanurad da pirovnebis ganuyreli daarRvia sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba,
Rirsebis pativis-cemiT, ise, rom gaTvaliswinebuli bralad edeba misi darRveva an aRiarebulia
iyos misi asakis pirTa moTxovnilebebi. kerZod, mis damrRvevad, rom misdami mopyroba
yoveli TavisuflebaaRkveTili bavSvi unda xels uwyobdes misi Rirsebisa da sakuTari
gancalkevdes ufrosebisgan, Tu ar miiCneva, rom mniSvnelovnebis grZnobis ganviTarebas,
bavSvis yvelaze WeSmariti interesebisTvis amis ganumtkicebdes mas adamianis uflebebisadmi
gakeTeba ar aris saWiro; bavSvs unda hqondes da sxvaTa ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebisadmi
ufleba, kavSiri iqonios Tavis ojaxTan mimoweris an pativiscemas, iTvaliswinebdes bavS vis asaks
Sexvedrebis formiT, gansakuTrebul garemoebaTa da misi reintegraciis, sazogadoebaSi mis mier
gamoklebiT; sasargeblo rolis SesrulebisTvis xelSewyobis
d) yovel TavisuflebaaRkveTil bavSvs hqondes sasurvelobas.
ufleba, dauyonebliv miiRos samarTlebrivi 2. am mizniT da saerTaSoriso dokumentebis
da sxva Sesabamisi daxmareba, agreTve ufleba, Sesabamisi debulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT monawile
gaaprotestos misi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxelmwifoebi, kerZod, uzrunvelyofen, rom:
kanoniereba sasamarTlos an sxva kompetenturi a) arcerTi bavSvi ar iTvlebodes sisxlis
damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli organos samarTlis kanonmdeblobis damrRvevad, mas
winaSe da rom maT dauyonebliv gamoitanon bralad ar daedos misi darRveva da is ar iqnes
gadawyvetileba nebismieri aseTi procesualuri aRiarebuli damnaSaved im qmedebis an arqmedebis
qmedebis Taobaze. mizeziT, romlebic maTi Cadenis dros ar
iyo akrZaluli erovnuli an saerTaSoriso
muxli 38 samarTliT;
1. monawile saxelmwifoebi valdebulebas b) yovel bavSvs, romelmac, rogorc Tvlian,
iReben, pativi scen SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis daarRvia sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, an
dros maT mimarT Zalis mqone saerTaSoriso brali edeba mis darRvevaSi, hqondes, sul cota,
humanitaruli samarTlis bavSvebTan Semdegi garantiebi:
dakavSirebul normebs da uzrunvelyon maTi I) udanaSaulobis prezumpcia, sanam misi
dacva. danaSauli ar iqneba damtkicebuli kanonis
2. monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben yvela Sesabamisad;
SesaZlo zomas, raTa uzrunvelyon, rom 15 wels II) misi dauyovnebeli da uSualo informireba
miuRweveli pirebi pirdapir ar monawileobdnen - aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi ki informireba
samxedro moqmedebebSi. mSoblebis an kanonieri meurveebis meSveobiT
3. monawile saxelmwifoebi Tavs ikaveben - misTvis wayenebuli braldebis Sesaxeb da
TavianT SeiaraRebul ZalebSi yvela im piris samarTlebrivi an sxva aucilebeli daxmarebis
gawvevisgan, romelTac ar miuRweviaT 15 wlis miReba Tavisi dacvis momzadebisa da
asakisTvis. 15 wels gadacilebul im pirTa ganxorcielebisTvis;
gawvevisas, romelTac jer ar SesrulebiaT 18 III) kompetenturi, damoukidebeli an
weli, monawile saxelmwifoebi cdiloben SearCion miukerZoebeli organos an sasamarTlo organos
ufro asakovani pirebi. mier samarTliani ganxilvis Sedegad gansaxilvel
4. SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros sakiTxze dauyovnebeli gadawyvetilebis miReba
samoqalaqo mosaxleobis dacvasTan kanonis Tanaxmad, advokatis an sxva Sesabamisi
dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso humanitaruli piris TandaswrebiT da, Tuki es ar ewinaamRdegeba
samarTlis winaSe Tavisi valdebulebebis bavSvis yvelaze WeSmarit interesebs, misi
Sesabamisad, monawile saxelmwifoebi movaleni asakis an misi mSoblebis an kanonieri meurveebis
arian miiRon yvela aucilebeli zoma SeiaraRebul mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT;
295
IV) bavSvis dacva Cvenebis micemis an danaSaulis 1. monawile saxelmwifoebis mier winamdebare
aRiarebis mizniT masze Zaldatanebis moxdenisgan; konvenciis Sesabamisad aRebuli valdebulebebis
braldebis mowmeTa Cvenebebis Seswavla SesrulebaSi miRweuli progresis ganxilvis
damoukideblad, an sxva pirTa daxmarebiT da dacvis mizniT fuZndeba bavSvis uflebebis komiteti,
mowmeTa Tanasworuflebiani monawileobisa da romelic asrulebs qvemoT miTiTebul
maTi Cvenebebis Seswavlis uzrunvelyofa; funqciebs.
V) Tu iTvleba, rom bavSvma daarRvia 2. komiteti Sedgeba aTi eqspertisgan,
sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, zemdgomi romlebsac aqvT maRali zneobrivi Tvisebebi da
kompetenturi, damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli kompetenturad arian aRiarebulni winamdebare
organos an sasamarTlo organos mier kanonis konvenciiT mocul sferoSi. komitetis wevrebs
Tanaxmad Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebis da masTan irCeven monawile saxelmwifoebi TavianT
dakavSirebiT miRebuli nebismieri RonisZiebis moqalaqeTa Soris da isini warmodgenilni arian
xelaxali ganxilva; damoukidebel pirovnebaTa statusiT, amasTan,
VI) Tarjimnis ufaso daxmareba, Tu bavSvs yuradReba maxvildeba samarTlian geografiul
ar esmis gamoyenebuli ena an ver laparakobs am ganawilebaze, agreTve ZiriTad samarTlebriv
enaze; sistemebze.
VII) misi piradi cxovrebis sruli pativiscema 3. komitetis wevrebi airCevian monawile
saqmis garCevis yvela stadiaze. saxelmwifoebis mier wamoyenebul, siaSi Setanil
3. monawile saxelmwifoebi cdiloben xeli pirTagan faruli kenWisyriT. yovel monawile
Seuwyon im bavSvebTan uSualo damokidebulebis saxelmwifos SeuZlia wamoayenos erTi piri Tavisi
mqone kanonebis, procedurebis, organoebisa moqalaqeebidan.
da dawesebulebebis Camoyalibebas, romlebmac, 4. komitetSi pirveli arCevnebi tardeba
rogorc iTvleba, daarRvies sisxlis samarTlis winamdebare konvenciis ZalaSi Sesvlidan
kanonmdebloba, bralad edebaT misi darRveva an araugvianes eqvsi Tvisa, Sem-dgom ki - or
aRiarebuli arian mis damrRvevebad da, kerZod: weliwadSi erTxel. yovel arCevnebamde oTxi TviT
a) minimaluri asakis dadgenas, romlis adre mainc gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis
miRwevamdec, rogorc iTvleba, bavSvebs ara aqvT generaluri mdivani monawile saxelmwifoebs
sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis darRvevis mimarTavs weriliT da sTavazobs maT wamoayenon
unari; TavianTi kandidaturebi ori Tvis vadaSi. Semdeg
b) roca es aucilebeli da sasurvelia, aseTi generaluri mdivani anbanis rigis mixedviT
bavSvebis mimarT zomebis miRebas sasamarTlo adgens amgvarad dasaxelebuli yvela kandidatis
ganxilvis gareSe, adamianis uflebaTa da sias, miuTiTebs ra monawile saxelmwifoebs,
samarTlebrivi garantiebis sruli dacviT; romlebmac wamoayenes es pirebi, da am sias
4. aucilebelia iseTi sxvadasxvagvari warudgens winamdebare konvenciis monawile
RonisZiebebi, rogoricaa movla, meurveobisa saxelmwifoebs.
da meTvalyureobis debuleba, sakonsultacio 5. arCevnebi tardeba monawile saxelmwifoTa
momsaxureba, gamosacdeli vadis daniSvna, TaTbirze, romelic moiwveva generaluri
aRzrda, swavlebisa da profesiuli momzadebis mdivnis mier gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis
programebi da movlis iseTi formebi, romlebic centralur dawesebulebebSi. am TaTbirze,
dawesebulebebSi movlas SeiZleba Seenacvlos. sadac monawile saxelmwifoTa ori mesamedi qmnis
am RonisZiebaTa mizania bavSvisadmi imgvari qvorums, komitetis SemadgenlobaSi arCeulad
mopyrobis uzrunvelyofa, rogoric Seesabameba CaiTvlebian is kandidatebi, romlebic miiReben
bavSvis keTildReobis interesebs, agreTve mis damswre da xmis micemaSi monawile saxelmwifoTa
mdgomareobas da danaSaulis xasiaTs. warmomadgenlebis xmaTa absolutur
umravlesobas.
muxli 41 6. komitetis wevrebi airCevian oTxwliani
winamdebare konvencia ar abrkolebs imgvar vadiT. maT aqvT ufleba, xelaxla iqnen arCeuli
debulebaTa ganxorcielebas, romlebic yvelaze maTi kandidaturebis ganmeorebiT dasaxelebis
metad uwyobs xels bavSvis uflebaTa realizacias SemTxvevaSi. pirvel arCevnebSi arCeuli xuTi
da SeiZleba dafiqsirebuli iyos: wevris uflebamosilebis vada mTavrdeba orwliani
a) monawile saxelmwifos kanonSi; periodis bolos; pirveli arCevnebisTanave am
an xuT wevrs wilisyriT gansazRvravs TaTbiris
b) mocemuli saxelmwifos mimarT moqmedi Tavmjdomare.
saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebSi. 7. komitetis romelime wevris sikvdilis an
gadadgomis SemTxvevaSi, an Tu mas raime mizeziT
nawili II aRar SeuZlia Seasrulos komitetis wevris
movaleobebi, am wevris wamomyenebeli monawile
muxli 42 saxelmwifo Tavis moqalaqeTagan darCenili
monawile saxelmwifoebi valdebulebas vadisTvis niSnavs sxva eqsperts, komitetis mier
iReben, saTanado da qmediTi saSualebebis misi mowonebis SemTxvevaSi.
gamoyenebiT farTo informacia miawodon 8. komiteti adgens proceduris sakuTar
rogorc mozrdilebs, aseve bavSvebs konvenciis wesebs.
principebisa da debulebebis Taobaze. 9. komiteti Tavis Tanamdebobis pirebs irCevs
muxli 43 ori wlis vadiT.
296
10. komitetis sesiebi, rogorc wesi, a) specializebul dawesebulebebs,
tardeba gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvTa
centralur dawesebulebebSi an komitetis mier fonds, gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis sxva
gansazRvrul nebismier sxva Sesaferis adgilas. organoebs ufleba aqvT warmodgenilni iyvnen
komiteti, rogorc wesi, Tavis sesiebs atarebs winamdebare konvenciis iseTi debulebebis
yovelwliurad. komitetis sesiebis xangrZlivoba ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb sakiTxTa ganxilvaSi,
ganisazRvreba da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi romlebic maT uflebamosilebaSi Sedis.
icvleba winamdebare konvenciis monawile mizanSewonilad miCnevis SemTxvevaSi komitets
saxelmwifoTa TaTbirze generaluri asambleis SeuZlia specializebul dawesebulebebs,
TanxmobiT. gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvTa
11. gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis fondsa da sxva kompetentur organoebs
generaluri mdivani gamoyofs aucilebel SesTavazos, warmoadginon eqspertTa daskvna
personalsa da materialur saSualebebs, raTa konvenciis ganxorcielebis Taobaze im
komitetma, winamdebare konvenciis Sesabamisad, sferoebSi, romlebic Sedis maTi Sesabamisi
efeqturad ganaxorcielos Tavisi funqciebi. uflebamosilebis farglebSi. komitets SeuZlia
12. winamdebare konvenciis Sesabamisad specializebul dawesebulebebs, gaerTianebuli
dafuZnebuli komitetis wevrebi gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvTa fondsa da
erebis organizaciis saxsrebidan Rebuloben gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis sxva
generaluri asambleis mier dawesebul organoebs sTxovos, warmoadginon moxsenebebi
anazRaurebas generaluri asambleis mier konvenciis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb im dargebSi,
dadgenili wesiTa da pirobebiT. romlebic maTi saqmianobis sferoSi Sedis;
b) mizanSewonilad miCnevis SemTxvevaSi
muxli 44 komiteti specializebul dawesebulebebSi,
1. monawile saxelmwifoebi valdebulebas gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvTa
iReben, gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis fondsa da sxva kompetentur organoebSi
generaluri mdivnis meSveobiT komitets gadagzavnis monawile saxelmwifoebis nebismier
warudginon moxsenebebi maT mier miRebuli moxsenebas, romelic Seicavs Txovnas teqnikuri
zomebis Sesaxeb konvenciiT ganmtkicebul konsultaciis an daxmarebis Sesaxeb, an miuTiTebs
uflebaTa damkvidrebisa da am sferoSi miRweul mis saWiroebaze, agreTve komitetis SeniSvnebsa
progresTan dakavSirebiT: da winadadebebs msgavsi Txovnisa da miTiTebebis
a) monawile saxelmwifosTvis konvenciis Taobaze.
ZalaSi Sesvlidan ori wlis vadaSi; g) komitets SeuZlia rekomendacia gauwios
b) yovel momdevno xuT weliwadSi; generalur asambleas, winadadeba misces
2. winamdebare muxlis mixedviT wardgenil generalur mdivans, raTa man asambleis saxeliT
moxsenebebSi miTiTebulia faqtorebi da Caataros kvleva calkuli sakiTxebis Sesaswavlad,
sirTuleebi, Tuki aseTi arsebobs, romlebic romlebic bavSvTa uflebebs exeba.
zemoqmedebs am konvenciis valdebulebaTa d) komitets SeuZlia waradginos winamdebare
Sesrulebis xarisxze. moxsenebebi agreTve konvenciis 44-e da 45-e muxlebis Sesabamisad
Seicavs sakmaris informacias imisTvis, raTa miRebul informaciaze dayrdnobili zogadi
komitetisTvis sruliad gasagebi iyos, rogor xasiaTis winadadebebi da rekomendaciebi. aseTi
moqmedebs konvencia mocemul qveyanaSi. zogadi xasiaTis winadadebebi da rekomendaciebi
3. monawile saxelmwifos, romelic komitets egzavneba nebismier dainteresebul monawile
warudgens yovlismomcvel pirvelad moxsenebas, saxelmwifos da ecnobeba generalur asambleas
ar sWirdeba winamdebare muxlis 1b punqtis monawile saxelmwifoTa SeniSvnebTan erTad, Tuki
mixedviT wardgenil Semdgom moxsenebebSi aseTi ram arsebobs.
gaimeoros adre gadmocemuli ZiriTadi
informacia. nawili III.
4. komitets SeuZlia monawile saxelmwifos
mosTxovos damatebiTi informacia, romelic muxli 46.
exeba winamdebare konvenciis ganxorcielebas. winamdebare konvencia Riaa yvela saxelmwifos
5. moxsenebebi komitetis saqmianobis Sesaxeb mier xelmosawerad.
ekonomikuri da socialuri sabWos meSveobiT
or weliwadSi erTxel waredgineba generalur muxli 47.
asambleas. winamdebare konvencia eqvemdebareba
6. monawile saxelmwifoebi sakuTar qveynebSi ratifikacias. saratifikacio sigelebi Sesanaxad
uzrunvelyofen TavianTi moxsenebebis farTo bardeba gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis
sajaroobas. generalur mdivans.
muxli 45 muxli 48.

konvenciis ganxorcielebisTvis efeqturi winamdebare konvencia Riaa masTan nebismieri
xelSewyobisa da winamdebare konvenciiT saxelmwifos SeerTebisTvis. dokumentebi
mocul sferoSi saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis SeerTebis Sesaxeb bardeba gaerTianebuli erebis
waxalisebis mizniT: organizaciis generalur mdivans.
297
muxli 49. wina Sesworeba, romelic maT mier aris miRebuli.
1. winamdebare konvencia ZalaSi Sedis
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generaluri muxli 51.
mdivnisTvis meoce saratifikacio sigelis 1. gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis
an SeerTebis Sesaxeb dokumentis Sesanaxad generaluri mdivani Rebulobs da yvela
Cabarebidan ocdameaTe dRes. saxelmwifos ugzavnis ratifikaciis an SeerTebis
2. yoveli saxelmwifosTvis, romelic momentSi saxelmwifos mier gakeTebuli
winamdebare konvenciis ratificirebas moaxdens SeniSvnebis teqsts.
an mas SeuerTdeba meoce saratifikacio sigelis an 2. ar daiSveba SeniSvna, romelic SeuTavsebelia
SeerTebis Sesaxeb dokumentis Sesanaxad Cabarebis winamdebare konvenciis miznebTan da
Semdeg, winamdebare konvencia ZalaSi Sedis aseTi amocanebTan.
saxelmwifos mier misi saratifikacio sigelis 3. SeniSvnebis moxsna SesaZlebelia nebismier
an SeerTebis Sesaxeb dokumentis Sesanaxad dros gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis
Cabarebidan ocdameaTe dRes. generaluri mdivnisTvis Sesabamisi Setyobinebis
gagzavnis gziT, romelic Semdeg amis Taobaze
muxli 50. acnobebs yvela saxelmwifos. aseTi Setyobineba
1. nebismier monawile saxelmwifos SeuZlia ZalaSi Sedis generaluri mdivnis mier misi
Sesworebis SeTavazeba da wardgena gaerTianebuli miRebis dRidan.
erebis organizaciis generaluri mdivnisTvis.
amis Semdeg generaluri mdivani Sesworebas muxli 52.
warudgens monawile saxelmwifoebs TxovniT - nebismier monawile saxelmwifos SeuZlia
miuTiTon, mxars uWeren Tu ara am winadadebis winamdebare konvenciis denonsireba
gansaxilvelad da kenWis sayrelad monawile gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generaluri
saxelmwifoebis konferenciis mowvevas. Tu aseTi mdivnisTvis werilobiTi Setyobinebis gagzavnis
Setyobinebis miRebidan oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi gziT. denonsireba ZalaSi Sedis generaluri
monawile saxelmwifoebis Tundac erTi mesamedi mdivnis mier Setyobinebis miRebidan erTi wlis
mainc mxars dauWers aseT konferencias, gasvlis Semdeg.
generaluri mdivani iwvevs am konferencias
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis egidiT. am muxli 53.
konferenciaze damswre da kenWisyraSi monawile gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis
saxelmwifoTa umravlesobis mier miRebuli generaluri mdivani iniSneba winamdebare
Sesworeba dasamtkiceblad waredgineba konvenciis depozitarad.
generalur asambleas.
2. winamdebare muxlis pirveli punqtis muxli 54.
Sesabamisad miRebuli Sesworeba ZalaSi winamdebare konvenciis dedani, romlis
Sedis gaerTianebuli erebis or-ganizaciis inglisuri, arabuli, espanuri, Cinuri, rusuli
generaluri asambleis mier misi damtkicebisa da da franguli teqstebi Tanabrad avTentikuria,
monawile saxelmwifoTa ori mesamedis momcveli Sesanaxad bardeba gaerTianebuli erebis
umravlesobis mier misi miRebis Semdeg. organizaciis generalur mdivans.
3. Sesworeba ZalaSi SesvlisTanave xdeba ris dasamowmebladac qvemore xelismomwerni,
savaldebulo im monawile saxelmwifoebisTvis, TavianTi Sesabamisi mTavrobebis mier saTanado
romlebmac igi miiRes, sxva monawile rwmunebiT aRWurvili sruluflebiani
saxelmwifoebisTvis ki savaldebulo rCeba warmomadgenlebi, xels aweren winamdebare
winamdebare konvenciis debulebebi da nebismieri konvencias.
298
adamianis uflebebis sityvari
SeniSvna: winamdebare sityvarSi miTiTebuli terminebi “kompasito”-
Si gamoyofili saxiT gvxvdeba.
adamianisa da xalxis uflebaTa afrikuli SeTanxmebis monitoringis ganmaxorcielebeli
qartia (afrikuli qartia): adamianis uflebaTa komitetisTvis warsadgenad. aseT angariSebSi,
regionuli SeTanxmeba afrikis kontinentisTvis, Cveulebriv, moyvanilia mTavrobis angariSis
romelic 1981 wels miiRo afrikis erTobis (romelsac mTavroba warudgens komitets
organizaciam. SeTanxmebiT gansazRvruli valdebulebis
saxiT SeTanxmebasTan Sesabamisobisa da misi
adamianis uflebaTa amerikuli konvencia ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb) sawinaaRmdego
(amerikuli konvencia): adamianis uflebaTa mosazrebebi an damatebiTi faqtebi.
regionuli SeTanxmeba, romelic 1969 wels miiRo
amerikis saxelmwifoTaSorisma organizaciam araformaluri ganaTleba: individualuri
amerikis saxelmwifoebisTvis. konvencia da socialuri ganaTlebis nebismieri dagegmili
vrceldeba CrdiloeT, centralur da samxreT programa, romelic ar aris oficialuri
amerikaze. saswavlo programebis nawili da romelic miznad
isaxavs codnis, unar-Cvevebisa da kompetenciebis
adamianis uflebaTa instrumentebi: gaumjobesebas.
saxelmwifos an saxelmwifoebis nebismieri
oficialuri, werilobiTi dokumenti, romelic arasamTavrobo organizaciebi: organizaciebi,
ayalibebs uflebebs arasavaldebulo xasiaTis romlebsac qmnian adamianebi, romlebic ar Sedian
principebis saxiT (deklaracia) an axdens uflebaTa mTavrobaSi. arasamTavrobo organizaciebi
kodificrebas da es dokumentebi iuridiulad monitorings uweven adamianis uflebebze momuSave
savaldebulo xdeba im saxelmwifoebisTvis, uwyebebis (rogoric aris, magaliTad, gaero-s
romlebic axdenen maT ratificirebas (paqti, adamianis uflebaTa sabWo) muSaobas da dganan
SeTanxmeba an konvencia). adamianis im uflebaTa sadarajoze, romlebzec
maTi mandati vrceldeba. zogierTi maTgani didia
adamianis uflebaTa samarTlebrivi baza: da saerTaSoriso organizaciis statusi aqvs
erToblioba mudmivad ganviTarebis procesSi (magaliTad, `wiTeli jvari~, “Amnesty International”,
myofi da urTierTdakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso “Scouts”); sxvebi SeiZleba patara da adgilobrivi
instrumentebisa, romlebic gansazRvravs masStabis iyos (magaliTad, organizacia, romelic
adamianis uflebebs da ayalibebs meqanizmebs maTi icavs SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebs
dacvisa da ganxorcielebis xelSewyobisTvis. romelime qalaqSi; koalicia ltolvilTa banakSi
qalTa uflebebis dasacavad). arasamTavrobo
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia organizaciebi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben
(sayovelTao deklaracia): miRebulia generaluri gaero-s politikaze zegavlenis TvalsazrisiT da
asambleis mier 1948 wlis 10 dekembers. bevri maTgani gaero-Si oficialuri sakonsultacio
gaero-s fuZemdebluri dokumenti, romelic statusiTac sargeblobs.
ayalibebs adamianis uflebaTa standartebsa
da normebs. yvela wevr saxelmwifos dadebuli araoficialuri ganaTleba: mTeli cxovrebis
aqvs sayovelTao deklaraciis Sesrulebis manZilze mimdinare procesi, romlis drosac
piroba. marTalia, deklaracia Cafiqrebuli iyo yvela adamiani iTvisebs damokidebulebebs,
arasavaldebulo Zalis mqone dokumentad, magram faseulobebs, iZens unar-Cvevebsa da codnas
droTa ganmavlobaSi misma debulebebma iseTi sakuTari garemocvis ganmanaTlebeli gavlenis
farTo aRiareba hpova, rom axla SeiZleba iTqvas, da resursebis, agreTve, yoveldRiuri
rom is saerTaSoriso samarTlis Cveulebrivi gamocdilebis meSveobiT (ojaxi, mezoblebi,
nawilia. bazari da biblioTeka, masmedia, samuSao, TamaSi).
adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi bavSvis unarTa ganviTareba: bavSvis uflebaTa

Tavisuflebebis dacvis evropuli konvencia konvenciaSi Camoyalibebuli principi, romelic
(adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia): gvirCevs bavSvis uflebebis ufro farTo
regionuli SeTanxmeba adamianis uflebaTa ganxorcielebas misi SemecnebiTi da emociuri
sferoSi, romelic evropis sabWom 1950 wels mowifulobis zrdis gaTvaliswinebiT.
miiRo. evropis sabWos wevri yvela saxelmwifo
mierTebulia am konvencias. sabWo elis, rom yvela bavSvis uflebaTa deklaracia: miiRo
axali wevri rac SeiZleba adreul etapze moaxdens gaero-s generalurma asambleam 1959 wels. es
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis dokumenti, romelsac ara aqvs samarTlebrivad
ratificirebas. mavaldebulebeli xasiaTi, ayalibebs aT zogad
princips, romlebic SemdgomSi safuZvlad daedo
alternatiuli angariSi: samoqalaqo 1989 wels miRebul bavSis uflebaTa konvencias.
sazogadoebis warmomadgeneli dawesebulebebis
an pirebis mier momzadebuli araoficialuri bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia (bavSvTa
angariSi adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb konvencia) (miRebulia 1989 wels, xolo
299
ZalaSi Sevida 1990 wels): konvencia, romelic evropis sabWo miznad isaxavs adamianis uflebaTa
gansazRvravs samoqalaqo, kulturul, evropul konvenciaze dayrdnobiT saerTo
ekonomikur, socialur da politikur uflebaTa demokratiuli da samarTlebrivi principebis
mTel speqtrs bavSvebisTvis. damkvidrebas.
ganuyofeli: gulisxmobs adamianis yvela evropis socialuri qartia (miRebulia

uflebis Tanabar mniSvnelobas. adamians evropis sabWos mier 1961 wels, xolo
veravin waarTmevs uflebas imis gamo, rom is gadasinjuli 1996 wels): regionuli SeTanxmeba,
`naklebadmniSvnelovania~ an ùmniSvneloa~. romelic uzrunvelyofs adamianis socialur da
ekonomikur uflebebs. qartia avsebs adamianis
genderi: socialuri cneba, romelic gvawvdis uflebaTa evropul konvencias, romelic
informacias qalebisa da mamakacebis rolebis, ZiriTadad samoqalaqo da politikur uflebebs
damokidebulebebis, faseulobebisa da maT exeba.
Soris urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb. maSin,
roca sqess biologia ganapirobebs, genderi ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul
ganpirobebulia sazogadoebiT, romelic TiTqmis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti (miRebulia 1966
yovelTvis cdilobs qalebis daqvemdebarebas wels, xolo ZalaSi Sevida 1976 wels): acxadebs,
mamakacebisTvis. rom yvela xalxs aqvs ekonomikur, socialur da
kulturul uflebaTa farTo speqtri.
genocidi: qmedebebi, romlebic Cadenilia
mTlianad erovnuli, eTnikuri, rasobrivi Tu iunisefi (gaero-s bavSvTa fondi): iunisefi,
religiuri jgufis an misi nawilis ganadgurebis romelsac mandati gaero-s generaluri asambleis
ganzraxviT. mier aqvs miniWebuli, axdens bavSvTa uflebebis
dacvis propagandirebas, raTa daxmareba gauwios
daTqma: gamonaklisebi, romlebsac wevri maT ZiriTadi saWiroebebis dakmayofilebaSi da
saxelmwifoebi uSveben SeTanxmebis xelmowerisas gaafarToos maTi SesaZleblobebi potencialis
(anu is debulebebi, romelTa Sesrulebaze isini srulad gansaxorcieleblad. Tavis saqmianobaSi
ar arian Tanaxma). Tumca daTqmebma xeli ar unda iunisefi bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciiT
SeuSalos SeTanxmebis ZiriTad mniSvnelobas. xelmZRvanelobs. igi iRvwis, rom daamkvidros
konvencia rogorc ukvdavi eTikuri principebisa
deklaracia: dokumenti, romelSic da bavSvebis mimarT qcevis saerTaSoriso
Camoyalibebulia SeTanxmebuli principebi standartebis krebuli.
da standartebi. deklaracia ar atarebs
samarTlebrivad mavaldebulebel xasiaTs. kodificireba: kanonis an uflebebis
gaero-s konferenciebze (rogoric aris, werilobiT instrumentSi oficialurad
magaliTad, venaSi 1993 wels Catarebuli gaero-s gaformebis procesi.
konferencia adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi
da 1995 wels pekinSi Catarebuli msoflio koleqtiuri uflebebi: jgufebis uflebebi,
konferencia qalTa sakiTxebze), Cveulebriv, romelTa daniSnulebaa jgufis wevrTa
iReben ori saxis deklaraciebs: pirvelia interesebisa da individualobis dacva; zogjer
mTavrobaTa warmomadgenlebis mier momzadebuli moixsenieba rogorc `mesame Taobis uflebebi~.
dokumentebi da meore – SemuSavebuli
arasamTavro organizaciebis mier. gaero-s konvencia: iuridiulad mavaldebulebeli
generaluri asamblea xSirad gamoscems didi Zalis mqone SeTanxmeba saxelmwifoebs Soris;
gavlenis mqone deklaraciebs, romlebsac ara aqvs ixmareba SeTanxmebisa da paqtis sinonimad.
samarTlebrivad mavaldebulebeli xasiaTi. konvencias meti Zala aqvs, vidre deklaracias,
vinaidan igi iuridiulad avaldebulebs im
evropis kulturuli konvencia (miRebulia saxelmwifoTa mTavrobebs, romlebmac misi
evropis sabWos mier 1954 wels, ZalaSi ratificireba moaxdines. rodesac, magaliTad,
Sevida 1955 wels): regionuli SeTanxmeba, gaero-s generaluri asamblea Rebulobs
romelic warmoadgens ganaTlebis, kulturis, konvencias, igi ayalibebs saerTaSoriso normebsa
memkvidreobis, axalgazrdobisa da sportis da standartebs. gaero-s generaluri asambleis
sferoebSi evropis sabWos saqmianobis mier konvenciis miRebis Semdeg wevr saxelmwifoebs
oficialur safuZvels. adamianis uflebaTa SeuZliaT konvenciis ratificireba da amiT
evropuli konvenciis Semavsebeli dokumenti misTvis saerTaSoriso samarTlis statusis
_ evropis kulturuli konvencia _ miznad miniWeba.
isaxavs evropuli kulturis SenarCunebas,
urTierTgagebisa da evropis sxvadasxva konvencia genocidis danaSaulis Tavidan
xalxis kulturuli mravalferovnebis mimarT acilebisa da dasjis Sesaxeb (konvencia
pativiscemis damkvidrebas. genocidis Sesaxeb, 1951w.) (miRebulia 1948 wels,
xolo ZalaSi Sevida 1951 wels): saerTaSoriso
evropis sabWo: 1949 wels daarsebuli evropis konvencia, romelic gansazRvravs da krZalavs
sabWo pirveli evropuli mTavrobaTaSorisi genocids; gaero-s pirveli saerTaSoriso
organizaciaa. dRes misi 47 wevri saxelmwifo SeTanxmeba.
evropis praqtikulad mTel kontinents faravs.
300
konvencia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis pozitiuri diskriminacia: ix. sakompensacio
mqone pirTa uflebebis Sesaxeb (miRebulia 2006 qmedeba.
wels): pirveli konvencia, romelic ayalibebs
nebismieri saxis, maT Soris fizikuri da fsiqo- Jenevis konvenciebi: 1949 wels SveicariaSi,
socialuri, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone JenevaSi ganlagebuli `wiTeli jvris
pirTa uflebebs. saerTaSoriso komitetis~ TaosnobiT miRebulia
oTxi SeTanxmeba. am SeTanxmebebiT xdeba 1864 da
meore Taobis uflebebi: gulisxmobs 1929 wlebSi miRebuli Tavdapirveli konvenciebis
ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebebs, gadasinjva da gafarToeba. konvenciebi sgangebod
rogoric aris cxovrebis saTanado done, icavs avadmyof da daWril jariskacebsa da
janmrTelobis dacva, sacxovrebeli da ganaTleba. mezRvaurebs, samxedro tyveebs da mtris mier
ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul uflebaTa kontrolirebul mSvidobian mosaxleobas.
saerTaSoriso paqti axdens am uflebaTa
kodificirebas. imis gamo, rom es termini ratificireba: procesi, romlis meSveobiT
gvafiqrebinebs, rom samoqalaqo da politikuri saxelmwifos sakanonmdeblo organo adasturebs
uflebebi ierarqiuli TvalsazrisiT ufro mTavrobis mier SeTanxmebis xelmoweras;
maRla dgas ekonomikur da socialur uflebebze, oficialuri procedura, romliTac saxelmwifos
igi sul ufro naklebad ixmareba. ekisreba valdebuleba SeTanxmebis Sesrulebaze
masTan mierTebis Semdeg.
mesame Taobis uflebebi: ix. koleqtiuri
uflebebi. saerTaSoriso konvencia rasobrivi
diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmosafxvrelad
mTavrobaTaSorisi organizaciebi: (rasizmis sawinaaRmdego konvencia) (miRebulia
organizaciebi, romlebsac afinanseben 1965 wels, xolo ZalaSi Sevida 1969 wels):
ramdenime qveynis mTavrobebi maTi Zalisxmevis konvencia, romelic gansazRvravs da krZalavs
koordinirebis mizniT; zogierTi am rasis niSniT diskriminacias.
organizaciaTagan regionulia (magaliTad,
evropis sabWo, afrikis erTobis organizacia), sakompensacio diskriminacia: mTavrobis
zogi aliansia (magaliTad, Crdiloatlantikuri an kerZo dawesebulebis mier ganxorcielebuli
xelSekrulebis organizacia – `nato~), xolo qmedeba, romelic miznad isaxavs warsulSi
zogi ama Tu im konkretul mizans emsaxureba ganaTlebasa Tu dasaqmebaSi diskriminaciis
(magaliTad, janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia kompensacias.
da iunesko – gaero-s organizacia ganaTlebis,
mecnierebisa da kulturis sakiTxebSi). samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa
saerTaSoriso paqti (miRebulia 1966 wels, xolo
formaluri ganaTleba: ganaTlebis ZalaSi Sevida 1976 wels): acxadebs, rom yvela
struqturirebuli sistema dawyebiTidan xalxs aqvs samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa
umaRlesi ganaTlebis CaTvliT, romelmac farTo speqtri da ayalibebs saSualebebs imis
SeiZleba agreTve moicvas teqnikuri da monitoringisTvis, rom wevrma saxelmwifoebma
profesiuli treningis specialuri programebi. pativi scen am uflebebs.
paqti: iuridiulad mavaldebulebeli sayovelTaoba: principi, rom adamianis yvela

Zalis mqone SeTanxmeba saxelmwifoebs Soris; ufleba ekuTvnis yvela adamians msoflios yvela
ixmareba konvenciisa da SeTanxmebis sinonimad. saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebaSi.
adamianis uflebebis sferoSi ori ZiriTadi
paqtia - samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa solidaruli uflebebi: ix. koleqtiuri
saerTaSoriso paqti da ekonomikur, socialur uflebebi.
da kulturul uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti.
orive paqti 1966 wels iqna miRebuli da 1976 wels specialuri momxsenebeli: piri, romelsac
Sevida ZalaSi. gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa romelime uwyeba
niSnavs konkretul TemasTan (magaliTad, bavSvebiT
pirveli Taobis uflebebi: termini, romelic vaWrobasTan, bavSvTa prostituciasa da bavSvTa
exeba yvela samoqalaqo da politikur uflebas, pornografiasTan, qalebis mimarT ZaladobasTan)
rogoric aris xmis micema, sakuTari Sexedulebebis dakavSirebiT moxsenebis momzadebis an romelime
gamoxatva, religiis, gaerTianebaTa Seqmnis qveyanaze informaciis mogrovebis mizniT.
Tavisufleba, samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba
da sicocxlis ufleba. samoqalaqo da politikur stereotipi: adamianebis an ideebis Zalze
uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtiT xdeba am gamartivebuli, ganzogadebuli da xSirad
uflebaTa kodificireba. imis gamo, rom es termini gauTviTcnobierebeli aRqma, romelmac SesaZloa
gvafiqrebinebs, rom samoqalaqo da politikuri gamoiwvios winaswar Seqmnili negatiuri azri da
uflebebi ierarqiuli TvalsazrisiT ufro maRla diskriminacia.
dgas meore Taobis uflebebze, anu ekonomikur da
urTierTdamokidebuli: gulisxmobs
socialur uflebebze, igi sul ufro naklebad
adamianis uflebaTa urTierTdamxmare sistemas.
ixmareba.
magaliTad, Tqveni SesaZlebloba, monawileoba
301
miiRoT Tqveni mTavrobis muSaobis procesSi, xelSekrulebis farglebSi. 1946 wels
uSualo kavSirSia Tqvens uflebasTan, gamoxatoT Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia gaero-s
Tqveni Sexedulebebi, miiRoT ganaTleba da specializebuli saagento gaxda. sakuTari
pirveladi saWiroebis sagnebic ki. mandatis _ gaaumjobesos samuSao pirobebi
da xeli Seuwyos socialuri samarTlianobis
fakultaturi oqmi: SeTanxmeba, romlis damkvidrebas _ safuZvelze Sromis saerTaSoriso
safuZvelzec sxva SeTanxmebaSi Sedis cvlilebebi organizaciam miiRo rigi konvenciebisa, romlebic
(magaliTad, emateba axali procedurebi an exeba bavSvTa uflebebs, gansakuTrebiT ki bavSvTa
debulebebi). mas `fakultaturi~ imitom ewodeba, Sromas.
rom mTavrobas, romelmac moaxdina Tavdapirveli
SeTanxmebis ratificireba, SeuZlia miiRos ZalaSi Sesvla: procesi, romlis meSveobiTac
gadawyvetileba imasTan dakavSirebiT, moaxdinos SeTanxmeba Rebulobs samarTlebrivad
Tu ara am oqmiT Setanili cvlilebebis mavaldebulebel Zalas saxelmwifoebisTvis,
ratificireba. romlebmac moaxdines misi ratificireba. es
xdeba, rodesac miiRweva ratificirebaTa is
fakultaturi oqmi SeiaraRebul savaldebulo minimaluri odenoba, romelsac
konfliqtebSi bavSvebis monawileobis Sesaxeb: SeTanxmeba moiTxovs.
2000 wels bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi Setanili
Sesworeba, romelic SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi wamebis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb evropuli
monawileobisTvis dasaSveb minimalur asaks konvencia: regionuli SeTanxmeba adamianis
Tavdapirveli TxuTmetidan Tvramet wlamde uflebaTa sferoSi, romelic evropis sabWom 1987
zrdis. wels miiRo. konvencia miznad isaxavs, aRkveTos
sxvadasxva saxis darRvevebi saxelmwifo
qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis xelisuflebis mier sxvadasxva adgilas –
aRmofxvris saerTaSoriso konvencia (qalTa magaliTad, cixeebSi, arasrulwlovanTa dakavebis
konvencia) (miRebulia 1979 wels, xolo ZalaSi centrebSi, policiis ubnebSi, ltolvilTa
Sevida 1981 wels): iuridiulad mavaldebulebeli banakebSi Tu fsiqiatriul klinikebSi _
Zalis mqone pirveli saerTaSoriso dokumenti, dakavebuli adamianebis mimarT.
romelic krZalavs qalTa diskriminacias da
avaldebulebs mTavrobebs, miiRon qmediTi zomebi wevri saxelmwifoebi: mTavrobaTaSorisi
qalTa Tanasworobis dasamkvidreblad. organizaciebis (magaliTad, gaero-s, evropis
sabWos) wevri qveynebi.
qsenofobia: ucxoelebis, sxva qveynebidan
Camosuli adamianebisa da Tu zogadad yvelaferi xelSeuvali: gulisxmobs uflebebs,
ucxouris SiSi. qsenofobiam SeiZleba migviyvanos romlebic aqvs yvela adamians da romelTa
ucxoelTa diskriminaciamde, rasizmamde, warTmeva adamianisTvis dauSvebelia nebismier
Zaladobamde da SeiaraRebul konfliqtamdec ki. garemoebebSi.
SeTanxmeba: oficialuri SeTanxmeba janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia:

saxelmwifoebs Soris, romelic gansazRvravs mTavrobaTaSorisi organizacia gaero-s
da modificirebas ukeTebs maT movaleobebsa farglebSi, romelic muSaobs msoflio masStabiT
da valdebulebebs erTmaneTis mimarT; adamianTa janmrTelobis xelSesawyobad.
ixmareba konvenciisa da paqtis sinonimad.
rodesac wevri saxelmwifoebi axdenen humanitaruli samarTali: kanonTa krebuli,
gaero-s generaluri asambleis mier miRebuli romelic ZiriTadad Jenevis konvenciebs efuZneba
SeTanxmebis ratificirebas, am SeTanxmebis da icavs garkveuli kategoriis adamianebs
muxlebi saxelmwifoebis Sidasaxelmwifoebriv SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros, exmareba
samarTlebriv valdebulebaTa nawili xdeba. dazaralebulebs da zRudavs brZolis meTodebsa
da saSualebebs, raTa minimumade Seamciros
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia: ngreva, adamianebisTvis sicocxlis warTmeva da
Camoyalibda 1919 wels versalis sazavo tanjva, romlis Tavidan acileba SesaZlebelia.
302
sasargeblo wyaroebi
SeniSvna: qvemoT CamoTvlili wyaroebi iZleva zogad informacias bavSvTa uflebebis Ses-
axeb, magram es ar aris sruli nusxa. konkretul TemebTan dakavSirebuli wyaroebis mosaZie-
blad ixileT V Tavi, `SerCeuli Temebi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi~.
Action Aid: www.actionaid.org

Amnesty International: http://web.amnesty.org
bernar van leeris fondi (BVLF): www.bernardvanleer.org
koalicia jariskaci-bavSvebis gamoyenebis akrZalvisTvis (CSC): www.child-soldiers.org
`bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli~ (CRIN): www.crin.org
aliansi `bavSvebi – partniorebi~: www.crin.org/childrenaspartners/
sakoordinacio centri bavSvTa seqsualuri eqspluataciis sakiTxebSi:
www.crin.org/organisations/vieworg.asp?id=725
arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa jgufi bavSvis uflebaTa gansaxorcieleblad:
www.crin.org/NGOGroupforCRC
bavSvTa saxli: http://child-abuse.com/childhouse/
bavSvebis, axalgazrdebisa da saojaxo politikis sakiTxebSi saerTaSoriso movlenaTa sain-
formacio centri: www.childpolicyintl.org
Childnet International: www.childnet-int.org
`jariskaci-bavSvebi~: www.childsoldiers.org/home/
`mSromeli bavSvebi aziaSi~ (CWA): www.cwa.tnet.co.th
adamianis uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebis saukeTeso praqtikis magaliTebis krebuli:
www.hrea.org/compendium
evropis sabWo: www.coe.int
avaSenoT evropa bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan erTad: www.coe.int/children
axalgazrdobisa da sportis direqtorati: www.coe.int/youth
ganaTleba demokratiuli moqalaqeobis aRsazrdelad:
ww.coe.int/t/dg4/education/edc/default_EN.asp?
axalgazrduli resursebi adamianis uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebisTvis:
www.coe.int/compass
`mSromeli bavSvebis bedze dafiqrebulebi~ (CWC): www.workingchild.org
`bavSvTa saerTaSoriso dacva~ (DCI): www.dci-is.org
`xelSemwyobi saswavlo qseli~: www.eenet.org.uk/
urobarometer: www.gesis.org/en/data_service/eurobarometer/
Euronet, evropel bavSvTa qseli: www.europeanchildrensnetwork.org
bavSvTa keTildReobis evropuli forumi: www.efcw.org
`bolo moeRos bavSvTa prostitucias, bavSvTa pornografias da seqsualuri mizniT bavSvebiT
trefikings: www.ecpat.net
Handicap International: www.handicap-international.org/index.html
`partniorebi adamianis uflebebis swavlebis sferoSi~: www.hrea.org/
Human Rights Internet: www.hri.ca/children/!ematicIndex.shtml
adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli informaciisa da dokumentaciis sistema:
www.huridocs.org/
Human Rights Watch: http://hrw.org
Human Rights Web: www.hrweb.org
mSromel bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli kvleviTi instituti (IREWOC): www.childlabour.net
kaTolikuri eklesiis saerTaSoriso biuro (BICE): www.bice.org
Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia, bavSvTa Sromis aRmofxvris saerTaSoriso programa
(ILO-IPEC): www.ilo.org
saerTaSoriso federacia Terre des Hommes (IFTDH): www.terredeshommes.org
saerTaSoriso sainformacio centri bavSvebis, axalgazrdebisa da mediis sakiTxebze: www.nor-
dicom.gu.se/clearinghouse.php
Media Wise Trust: www.mediawise.org.uk
umciresobaTa uflebebis damcveli saerTaSoriso jgufi (MRG): www.minorityrights.org
bavSvTa ombudsmeni norvegiaSi: www.barneombudet.no
Ria sazogadoebis instituti: www.osi.hu/
Organisation Mondiale Contre la Torture (OMCT): www.omct.org
Oxfam International-is samdivno: www.oxfaminternational.org
303
adamianis uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebis saxalxo moZraoba: www.pdhre.org/
Plan International Website: www.plan-international.org
proeqti `ganaTlebis ufleba~: www.right-to-education.org
Safe On Line Outreach (SOLO): www.safeonlineoutreach.com
aliansi Save the Children: www.savethechildren.net
Save the Children – evropis jgufi:
www.savethechildren.net/alliance/where_we_work/europegrp_who.html
Save the Children - norvegia: www.reddbarna.no
Save the Children – SvedeTi: www.rb.se
Save the Children – gaerTianebuli samefo (SCUK): www.savethechildren.org.uk
samxreT-aRmosavleT evropel bavSvTa uflebebis qseli (SEECRAN): www.seecran.org
Understanding Children’s Work: www.ucw-project.org
iunisefi: www.unicef.org
iunisefis cae/dsT da baltiispireTis regionuli ofisis vebgverdi:
www.unicef.org/programme/highlights/cee
iunisefis bavSvebiT trefikingis kvleviTi centri: www.childtrafficking.org/
iunisefis kvleviTi centri Innocenti: www.unicef-icdc.org
iunisefis `jadosnoba~: www.unicef.org/magic/
iunisefis àxalgazrdebis xmebi~: www.unicef.org/voy/
iunisefis àxalgazrdebis mediaqseli~:
http://ypmn.blogspot.com/2006_07_23_archive.html
gaero-s bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti: http://193.194.138.190/html/menu2/6/crc/
gaero-s rasobrivi diskriminaciis aRmofxvris komiteti (CERD):
www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/index.htm
gaero-s proeqti “CyberSchoolbus”: http://cyberschoolbus.un.org/
gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisi: www.unhchr.ch
gaero-s specialuri momxsenebeli bavSvebis gayidvis, bavSvTa
prostituciisa da bavSvTa pornografiis sakiTxebze:
www.ohchr.org/english/issues/children/rapporteur/index.htm
War Child: www.warchild.org
msoflio banki:
evropa da centraluri azia: http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/eca/eca.nsf
msoflio bankis outhink!: www.worldbank.org/html/schools/
bavSvTa Sromis msoflio programis msoflio bankis jgufi:
janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia (WHO): www.who.int/en/
World Vision International (WVI): www.wvi.org/home.shtml
304
adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso
instrumentebis ratificirebis mdgomareoba
gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia evropis sabWo

wamebisa
da sxva
araadami-
ekono-
anuri Tu
mikur, samo-
Rirsebis
socialur qalaqo da evropis
adamianis Semlax-
da kul- politikur bavSvis evropis socialuri
uflebaTa veli
qveynebi turul uflebaTa uflebaTa socialuri qartia
evropuli mopyrobis
uflebaTa saerTa- konvencia qartia –gadasin-
konvencia da dasjis
saerTa- Soriso juli
Tavidan
Soriso paqti
acilebis
paqti
Sesaxeb
evropuli
konvencia
statusi 19.04.2007 19.04.2007 03.06.2005 27.02.2006 15.06.2006 02.07.2007 27.02.2006
aRniSnuli
droisTvis
ZalaSi 03.01.1976 23.03.1976 02.09.1990 03.09.1953 26.02.1965 01.07.1999 01.02.1989
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islandia √ √ √ √ √ √
irlandia √ √ √ √ √ √ √
italia √ √ √ √ √ √ √
latvia √ √ √ √ √ √
lixtenSteini √ √ √ √ √
litva √ √ √ √ √ √
305
gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia evropis sabWo
wamebisa
da sxva
araadami-
ekono-
anuri Tu
mikur, samo-
Rirsebis
socialur qalaqo da evropis
adamianis Semlax-
da kul- politikur bavSvis evropis socialuri
uflebaTa veli
qveynebi turul uflebaTa uflebaTa socialuri qartia
evropuli mopyrobis
uflebaTa saerTa- konvencia qartia –gadasin-
konvencia da dasjis
saerTa- Soriso juli
Tavidan
Soriso paqti
acilebis
paqti
Sesaxeb
evropuli
konvencia
statusi 19.04.2007 19.04.2007 03.06.2005 27.02.2006 15.06.2006 02.07.2007 27.02.2006
aRniSnuli
droisTvis
ZalaSi 03.01.1976 23.03.1976 02.09.1990 03.09.1953 26.02.1965 01.07.1999 01.02.1989
Sesvla
luqsem-
√ √ √ √ √ √
burgi
malta √ √ √ √ √ √ √
moldova √ √ √ √ √ √
monako √ √ √ √ √
montenegro √ √ √ √ √
niderlan-
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
debi
norvegia √ √ √ √ √ √ √
poloneTi √ √ √ √ √ √
portuga-
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
lia
rumineTi √ √ √ √ √ √
ruseTis
√ √ √ √ √
federacia
san-marino √ √ √ √ √
serbia √ √ √ √ √
slovakeTi √ √ √ √ √ √
slovenia √ √ √ √ √ √
espaneTi √ √ √ √ √ √
SvedeTi √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Sveicaria √ √ √ √ √
yofili iu-
goslaviis
√ √ √ √ √ √
respublika
makedonia
TurqeTi √ √ √ √ √ √
ukraina √ √ √ √ √ √ √
gaerTianeb-
√ √ √ √ √ √
uli samefo
306
evropis sabWos publikaciebis realizaciis agentebi
belgia safrangeTi
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kompasito

saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis

saxelmZRvanelos momzadebaSi monawileobdnen

koordinireba da saboloo redaqtireba

saavtoro ufleba am gamocemaze ekuTvnis adamianis uflebaTa saganmanaTleblo centrsa da evropis

am gamocemidan arakomerciuli saganmanaTleblo miznebisTvis masalebis gamoyeneba nebadarTulia

winamdebare gamocemasTan an mis mTlianad Tu nawilobriv xelaxla gamoqveynebasTan an TargmnasTan

adamianis uflebaTa saganmanaTleblo centri

evropis sabWos sainformacio biuro saqarTveloSi

,,kompasito” – saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi bavSvebisTvis

dizaini: daniel horvaTi, http://danielhorvath.com

Targmani: Tamar miqaZe da ana gegeWkori

Targmanis xarisxis Semowmeba: giorgi kikaliSvili

redaqtori: daviT gelaSvili

qarTulenovan gamomcemlobaze pasuxismgebeli: givi miqanaZe

qarTulenovani gamocemis ISBN 978-9941-0-1839-8

dabeWdilia: saqarTveloSi, gamomcemloba Sps „pantoni”-s mier

Information on Compasito in other languages than Georgian: http://www.eycb.coe.int/compass/

I. gaecaniT adamianis uflebebs................................................................ 15

II. ra aris ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa

IV. praqtikuli savarjiSoebi ...................................................................... 52

V. Temebi .................................................................................................................................... 202

VI. danarTebi ....................................................................................................................... 278

madlobas movaxsenebT, agreTve:

muxli 29, bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 1989w.

mogesalmebaT `kompasito~ - saxelmZRvanelo adamianis

ras niSnavs ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi

monawile saxelmwifoebi eTanaxmebian imas, rom bavSvis ganaTleba mimarTuli unda

ganaTleba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi da ganaTleba

visTvis aris gankuTvnili `kompasito~?

`kompasito~ upirveles yovlisa gankuTvnilia ganaTlebis sferos im muSakebisa da meTodist-

adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli Temebi

`kompasitos~ safuZvlad igive filosofiuri da saswavlo midgomebi udevs, rac `kompass~.

araformaluri swavlebis meTodologia

`kompasitoSi~ gamoyenebulia araformaluri saswavlo meTodologiebi, romlebsac safuZvlad

kulturaTaSorisi da monawileobaze damyarebuli midgoma

`kompasito~ adamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis sferoSi

1. ras warmoadgens adamianis uflebebi?

meoce saukunis adamianis uflebaTa winamorbedni

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia

meoce saukunis Sua xanebSi ganviTarebulma orma umniSvnelovanesma movlenam adamianis

adamianis uflebaTa samarTlebrivi baza

konvenciis ratificireba mTavrobis mier saxelmwifos saxeliT nakisri seriozuli,

* Seasrulos konvencia, pativi sces, xeli Seuwyos da uzrunvelyos konvenciiT

rogorc ki qveyana moaxdens konvenciis ratificirebas, mis moqalaqeebs mZlavri damcavi

kiTxva: arsebobs Tu ara Tqvens qveyanaSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebic axdenen

adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis ganviTarebis procesi

adamianis uflebaTa konvenciis Seqmna gulisxmobs bevri adamianisa da organizaciis

2. gancxadeba zogadi principebis Sesaxeb:

7. ganxorcieleba, monitoringi da propagandireba:

adamianis uflebaTa regionuli konvenciebi

gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa samarTlebrivi bazis farglebSi arsebul konvenciebSi

adamianis uflebaTa regionuli konvenciebis magaliTebia:

evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa dacvis meqanizmebi

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia uZvelesi da yvelaze Zlieria adamianis uflebaTa

gaero-s bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia uzrunvelyofs idealur midgomas, romlis saSualebiTac

bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi gansazRvruli uflebebi oTx ZiriTad princips asaxavs:

kiTxva: bavSvis sasargeblo interesi bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis fuZemdebluri principia.

bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia mZlavri instrumentia, romelic, Tavisi bunebidan gamomdinare,