DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

UiTM CAWANGAN SARAWAK
KAMPUS SAMARAHAN 2

ECS268 – STRUCTURAL AND MATERIAL LABORATORY

OEL LEVEL 0 1
2 EC1104H
LAB NO. : …………… GROUP : …………………..
LAB TITLE WORKABILITY TEST (SLUMP TEST)
: ………………………………………………………..
MR. EMBAM ANAK DAUD
PREPARE FOR : ………………………………………………………..
13 APRIL 2022
DATE OF CONDUCTED LAB : …………………………………………
Student ID Name of Group Members
2020626278 KIMBERLEY CARMEN ANAK SAMUEL
2020616972 MEGAN ANN SUPANG DOM
2020874362 MAC DARREL MICHAEL
2020894216 MATAYUS MIKI ANAK BERAREK

COPO Description
CO3 Demonstrate leadership skills in task related to structural and material (A3)
Demonstrate knowledge of the societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
PO6/PLO9 responsibilities relevant to engineering technician practice and solutions to well defined engineering
problems.

LEVEL OF OPENNESS
NO ELEMENTS TO ASSESS
0 1
REPORT ASSESSMENT
1 INTRODUCTION
2 BASIC CONCEPTS
3 SUMMARY OF PROCEDURES/ METHODS
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
4
DATA
5 DISCUSSION OF RESULT
6 CONCLUSION
TOTAL MARKS / 20 / 30

Note:
1. Only the group members attending the lab session
DATE OF SUBMISSION:
qualified for marks of lab report (Group’s leader
responsible to cancel absenter on the Group
Member Name Or ‘0’ mark will be given to leader)
2. Used same cover lab report by fulfilling all the
matters above with clear and correctly. Wrong fill-in
or remain vacant the required data will be given
deduction marks OR the lab report will not be RECEIVED & CHECKED BY:
examined.
3. Lab report will not be examined for late submission.
4. No hand phone allows during lab session.

©FKA, UiTM CAWANGAN SARAWAK SEMESTER: MARCH 2022 – AUGUST

2022
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Details Page number
1.0 Experiment Title 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Objectives 3
1.3 Theoretical Background 4
1.4 Apparatus 5-6
1.5 Procedure 7
1.6 Observation & Calculation 8
1.7 Results/Analysis 8
1.8 Discussion 9
1.9 Conclusion 9
1.10 Reference 10
1.0 TITLE OF EXPERIMENT
Workability test (Slump Test)

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Level 1 laboratory activities refer to the condition where only the problem is guided and
given. Students are required to find the ways & means and provide the answers to the
given assignment using the group creativity and innovativeness. The activity will enable
the students to appreciate independent learning and prepare them for a much harder task
of open-ended laboratory activities. In this partially open laboratory activity, the
students are required to carry out test to determine the workability for an own mix
fresh concrete.

1.2 OBJECTIVES

The objective of the test is to determine the workability of a sample from fresh
concrete of given grade and/ or proportions using slump test.

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1.3 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Unsupported concrete, when it is fresh will flow to the sides and sinking in height will take
place. This vertical settlement is known as slump. In this test fresh concrete will be filled into
a mould of specified shape and the settlement or slump is measured when the
supporting mould is removed. Slump increases as water cement ratio increases and for
different work different slump values are suitable. Slump is measure indicating the
consistency (i.e., the state of fluidity whether dry or wet) of concrete mix and also slump
gives an idea of W/C ratio needed for concrete to be used for different works. Besides, in
compacting fresh concrete was comparing the weight of partially compacted concrete with a
sample from the batch that is fully compacted. The work done is used to overcome internal
friction and surface friction, i.e., internal friction between the individual particles in the
concrete and surface friction between the concrete and the surface of the mould or of the
reinforcement. In addition, some of the work is used in vibrating the mould and also vibrating
those parts of the concrete which have already been fully consolidated. Since only the
internal friction is an intrinsic of the mix, workability can be defined as the amount of useful
internal work necessary to produce full compaction.

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1.4 APPARATUS

STANDARD LAB METHODOLOGY REFERENCES

• MS 26 (SSBW, 2014) = Concrete slump test apparatus MS 26-1-2 for slump test
• MS EN 12350-1 for sampling and testing concrete

APPARATUS

The mould shall be in the form of frustrum of cone having the following internal dimension;

Lower Diameter 200+3-1.6 mm

Upper diameter 100+3-1.6 mm

Height diameter 300+5-1.6 mm.

The mould shall be provided with suitable foot pieces as well as handles to facilitate lifting, a
non-absorbent horizontal rigid plate with smooth surface, scoop, steel rule and trowel, rag,
thermometer.

Scoop Slump cone Coarse aggregates

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Sand and Cement Tamping rod Mould

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1.5 PROCEDURES

1. The calculated amount of aggregates and cement is weighed.

2. The calculated quality of water is measured.
3. The room temperature and the relative humidity is noted.
4. Sand is feed into the laboratory pan mixer, then part of the coarse aggregate and mixed for
1 minute. Then added cement (mix for another 1 minute) and finally water.
5. Allow the mixing time for 1 to 2 minutes after all the constituent materials are added.
(Mixing time depends on the quantity of the blending material; and type, capacity, and speed
rotation of mixer).
6. The representative sample (about 15 kg) is taken from the fresh concrete. (Note: a scoop
will hold about 3.5 kg to 5.0 kg when full).

7. The mould is made sure to be clean and dry inside. The inside of the mould and base is
damped with a clean rag at the beginning of every test.

8. The mould is stand on the smooth hard plate, stand your feet on the footrests.

9. The mould is filled in three equal layers, with each layer approximately one third of the
height of the mould with the concrete to be tested. Each layer is compacted in turn 25 times
with the rounded end of the steel rod. Each rodding should pass through one layer into the
layer beneath.
10. After the top layer has been temped, the top fill is smoothed off by passing the rod over
the mould and level with a trowel.
11. The base of the mould clean from concrete and mortar is wiped which may have
dropped or leaked out and the metal plate it stands on.
12. The mould is lifted in a vertical direction very carefully and slowly keeping it quite
straight. The mould is lifted and placed it down on the plate close to the mould of concrete.
As soon as the mould is lifted the concrete will slump to some extent.
13. The rod is rested across the top of the inverted empty mould, so that it touches over the
mould of concrete.
14. The highest point of the concrete to the underside of the rod is measured with a ruler.
15. The measured slump to the nearest 5 mm is recorded.
16. The above procedure is repeated for different water/cement ratio.

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1.6 OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION

Water/cement ratio = 0.5

Trial No. Slump (cm)

1 12.0
2 19.0
3 21.0
Average 17.3

1.7 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

Mass of cement used kg 2.5 2.5 2.5

Percentage of water % 0.5 0.6 0.7

Mass of water g 1250 1500 1750

Measurement from rod cm 12.0 19.0 21.0

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1.8 DISCUSSION

The mix proportion that is being used is 1 : 2 : 4 while the water/cement ratio is 0.5. The
water percentage is 0.5%, 0.6% and 0.7%. For this experiment, we have conducted a total of
3 trials to find the average value of slump in the unit of cm. For the first trial, we obtained a
slump value of 12.0 cm while for the second trial we obtained a slump value of 19.0cm and
the third trial is 21.0cm. The average value obtained is calculated and we have obtained the
average value of slump which is 17.3cm.

We calculated the slump average value by using the following formula :

Average slump value = 1st trial value + 2nd trial value + 3rd trial value

Based on the experiment, we observed that there are various shapes of the slumped concrete
in accordance to the three types of slump that may occur in a slump test which are true slump,
shear slump and collapse slump. If a shear slump is achieved, a new sample must be collected
and the concrete needs to be tested again. This is because shear slump is considered as
incomplete. In a collapse slump, the concrete slumps completely and this means that the
water/cement ratio is very high. Furthermore, in true slump, the concrete more or less
maintain the mould shape and just subsides a bit. True slump is the type of slump that is most
desirable. We have obtained true slump for the first trial, shear slump for the second trial, abd
collapse slump for the third trial.

1.9 CONCLUSION

The experiment's objective which is to determine the workability of a sample from fresh
concrete of given grade and/or proportions using slump test is achieved. The concrete slump
test is used to determine the strength of new concrete before it hardens. It is used to determine
the workability of freshly mixed concrete, allowing it to flow more easily. It can also be used
to identify a batch that has been blended wrongly. The test is well-known because of how
simple it is to use the apparatus and follow the protocol. Under field conditions, the slump
test is useful for ensuring homogeneity for various concrete loads.

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1.10 REFERENCE

• Anon., n.d. [Online] Available at : https://www.scribd.com/document/363765315/Slump-Test

• Define slump test, 2014, [Online] Available at: vhttp://www.dictionary.com/browse/slump-test

• Matthew L. Deloney, 2019, what is slump cone test, [Online] Available at:
https://civiljungle.com/slump-cone-test/

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