Class IX Biology , Chapter – Respiratory System

Answers of the Review Questions

A. Multiple Choice Type
1. During inspiration, the diaphragm – contracts
2. The ultimate end parts of the respiratory system in humans are known as
– alveoli
3. During respiration there is – loss in dry weight ( this is because respiration
is a catabolic process in which complex substances are broken down into
simple compounds)
B. Very Short Answer Type
1. Choose the odd one out in each of the following groups of four items
each:
a. Odd :- Diaphragm , Category of others :- Parts of respiratory tract.
b. Odd:- Starch, Category of other three:- anaerobic respiration in plants.
c. Odd:- Diffusion, Category of other three:- structures and substances
involved in respiration.
d. Odd:- Diffusion, Category of other three:- structures of respiratory tract.
e. Odd:- Hypoxia, Category of other three:- Compounds formed of
haemoglobin
f. Odd:- Vocal cord, Category of other three:- Parts or structures in nose.
2. Name the body structures concerned with the given functional activity:-
a. Epiglottis
b. RBC/Erythrocytes
c. Diaphragm
d. Haemoglobin
e. Pleural fluid
f. Alveoli
3. What is the normal percentage composition of gases in spired air and
expired air respectively?
Component Inspired air % Expired air %
Oxygen 20.96 16.40
Carbon dioxide 0.04 4.00
Nitrogen 79.00 79.60
 Water vapour low high
4. Which chemical compound inside a cell can be termed “Currency of
Energy”
ATP – Adenosine triphosphate
5. Match the items in column I with Column II
Column I Column II
Alveoli Diffusion of gases
Bronchioles small air tubes
Nasal chamber lined with hairs
bronchi An inverted Y – shaped tube
C. Short Answer Type
1. Fill in the balnks
a. Alveoli and exchanges of gases
b. Mitochondria and cellular respiration
c. Epiglottis and prevent the entry of food into the trachea
d. Pleura and protection of lungs
e. Diaphragm and increase or decrease the volume of thoracic cavity
lengthwise during breathing movements.
f. “C” shaped cartilage rings and distention of the trachea and bronchi/
prevent the trachea and bronchi from collapsing.
2. State one function each of the following.
a. Ciliated epithelium and lash out the solid particle entering into the
trachea.
b. Mitochondria and cellular respiration
c. Diaphragm and increase or decrease the volume of thoracic cavity
lengthwise during breathing movements.
d. Intercostal muscles and increases or decreases the volume of thoracic
cavity breadthwise during breathing movements.
e. Pleural fluid and protects the lungs from mechanical shock.
3. Match the items in column I with Column II
Column I Column II
Cartilaginous Bronchi
Large surface area Alveoli
Breathing movements Diaphragm
 Voice Larynx
Complemental air Extra inhalation
swallowing epiglottis
4. Under what condition would the breathing rate increases?
When we do physical exercise, laborious jobs, when we perform athletic
activities, while going to higher altitude and in psychic conditions.
5. How would you prove that air you breathe out is warmer?
When we breath out the air on palm by keeping it closely to the mouth.
6. How is the respiratory passage kept free of dust particles?
The hairs present in the nostrils, the constant motion of cilia in the
respiratory tract and the mucus secreted in the respiratory tract help to
prevent the dust particles.
7. What is wrong in the statement “We breath in oxygen and breath out
carbon dioxide”?
We breath in air rich of oxygen and breath out air rich of carbon dioxide.
D. Long Answer Type.
1. Differentiate between the following pairs.
a. Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
Carbon dioxide and water vapour Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide in
plants and lactic acid in animals

b. Respiration photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide and water vapour oxygen

c. Photosynthesis Respiration
Water and carbon dioxide Glucose and oxygen

d. Inspired air Alveolar air

0.04% 4.00%

e. Respiration breathing
Cells and tissues lungs

f. Tidal volume Residual volume

 500 ml 1500 ml
2. Give suitable explanation
a. Because nose has hairs which can filter the air, nose has mucus which has
lysozyme which can kill the germs and it also helps to warm and
moisturize the air which helps in the active exchange of gases in the lungs.
b. This is due to the residual air that is left in the lungs even after forcible
inhalation.
c. The air is thin in the higher altitude therefore the air we breath in will
have comparatively less amount of oxygen, but the oxygen demand of the
body remains same. Therefore, we feel breathlessness at higher altitude.
3. With regards to the respiratory system ……….
a. Intercostal muscle and diaphragm
b. The external intercostal muscle contracts as a result the rib cage is pushed
outward and upward. This will help in increasing the volume of thoracic
cavity lengthwise. At the same time the diaphragm contracts and become
flat, this will help to increase the volume inside the thoracic cavity
lengthwise. As a result of these actions the pressure inside the thoracic
cavity decreases and the air rushes in from outside.
c. C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ 6H₂O + 6CO₂
d. What is meant by
1. residual air :- The volume of air left in the lungs after forcible
exhalation.
2. Dead air space:- The volume of air left in the respiratory tracts like
trachea and bronchi which do not participate in the exchange of gases.

4 Starting from nostrils………

Nostrils  pharynx  trachea  bronchi  bronchiole  alveoli.

5 What are the functions …..

a. Ribs:- helps in protection of the lungs and breathing movements to
regulates the volume of thoracic cavity breadthwise.
b. Diaphragm:- Regulate the volume of thoracic cavity lengthwise and helps
in breathing movements.
c. Abdominal muscle:- Helps in forcible inhalation and exhalation.
E. Structured/ Application/Skill Type.
1. Given alongside …..
i. 1- blood capillary, 2 – RBC, 3 – blood plasma, 4 – alveoli.
ii. 5 represents diffusion of carbon dioxide from RBC to alveoli.
6 represents diffusion of oxygen from alveoli to RBC of blood capillary.
2. Given below is an overall ……
a. Anaerobic respiration
b. Only to animals
c. Biceps and triceps muscles/ skeletal muscles of the body.
3. Given below are ………
a. Write reaction number ………
i. Reaction number 5/E
ii. Reaction number 4/D
iii. Reaction number 3/C
iv. Reaction number 1/A
v. Reaction number 3/C
b. Which reactions ……..
i. Reaction number 4/D
ii. Reaction number 3/C
iii. Reaction number 5/E
iv. Reaction number 2/B
v. Reaction number 1/A
4. The volume of air in the lungs ……..
a. Tidal volume :- It is the volume of air used in normal quite breathing
which is equal to 500 ml.
b. Inspiratory reserve volume:- It is the volume of air inhaled forcibly after
the normal quite breathing which is equal to 3000 ml.
c. It is the volume of air exhaled forcibly after the normal breathing out
which is equal to 1000 ml.
d. Vital capacity:- It is the volume of air breath in and out by maximum
inspiration and expiration which is equal to 4500 ml.
e. It is the volume of air left in the lungs after forcible exhalation which is
equal to 1500 ml.