Lecture 1 Forces, Stress and Strain
Lecture 1 Forces, Stress and Strain
Lecture 1 Forces, Stress and Strain
Lecture 1
Force, Stress and Strain
Alokesh Pramanik
Office: 216.304
Phone: 92667981
Email: alokesh.pramanik@curtin.edu.au
Force is a push or pull that causes speeding-up, slowing down or change of direction
Concurrent forces
𝑭 = 𝑚𝒂 Non-concurrent forces
Force 3
Equilibrium of forces
(a) The condition of zero acceleration is called equilibrium.
(b) In equilibrium, all forces cancel out leaving zero net force.
(c) Objects that are standing still are in equilibrium because their acceleration is zero.
(d) Objects that are moving at constant speed and direction are also in equilibrium.
Σ𝐹 = 0
Force 4
Resultant of forces
=Rx
Ry =
Force 5
Resultant of forces
Force 6
Non-concurrent forces
Σ𝐹 = 0
Σ𝑀𝑜 = 0
Force 7
Reactions
Force 8
Reactions
Reactions
Fixed support/joint
Force 10
Reactions
Force 11
Reactions ?????????
Force 12
Free-body diagram
A Free-body Diagram (FBD) or force diagram is a simplification of the picture that shows just the actions
of forces.
It shows (A ) all the forces acting on an object, (B) the force's direction and magnitude.
Force 13
Free-body diagram
Bx
By
Force 14
Free-body diagram
Mass of beam = m
F1
F3
C
A y
F2 M1
V F1
F3
A C
F
mg
M M1
F2
Force F1 15
Free-body diagram
Mass of beam = m
F1 F2
F2
A
A C y L/2 C
M1 M1
L L
Mass of beam = m
x
F1L/2
?????
V
A C V
F A C
F
mg
M M1 mg
M M1
Force 16
Mass of beam = m
F1
F3
C
A
F2 M1
V F1
F3
A C
F
mg
M M1
F2
Force- example 1 17
A force of 80 N is supported by the bracket as shown. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the
section through point A.
Force- example 1 18
A force of 80 N is supported by the bracket as shown. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting on the
section through point A.
Force- example 2 19
Determine the normal force, shear force, and moment at a section through point C. Take P = 8 kN.
Determine the normal force, shear force, and moment at a section through point C. Take P = 8 kN.
Force- example 3 21
The cable will fail when subjected to a tension of 2 kN. Determine the largest vertical load P the frame
will support
Force- example 4 22
Determine the resultant internal loadings on the cross section through point C. Assume the reactions at the
supports A and B are vertical.
Determine the resultant internal loadings on the cross section through point C. Assume the reactions at the
supports A and B are vertical.
Force- example 5 24
The curved rod has a radius r and is fixed to the wall at B. Determine the resultant internal loadings acting
on the cross section through A which is located at an angle θ from the horizontal.
Stress 25
5F 2F
Which one is more likely to fail?
Cross-section
Area = 10 A Cross-section
Area = 5 A
Lectures 5
Lectures 7
Lectures 9
Stress 27
F V τavg
A
V
Stress-example 1 28
The column is subjected to an axial force of 8 kN, which is applied through the centroid of the cross-sectional
area. Determine the average normal stress acting at section a–a. Show this distribution of stress acting over
the area’s cross section.
Stress-example 2 29
The bar has a cross-sectional area A and is subjected to the axial load P. Determine the average normal
and average shear stresses acting over the shaded section, which is oriented at from the horizontal. Plot
the variation of these stresses as a function of θ (0 ≤ θ ≤ 90°).
Stress-example 3 30
The built-up shaft consists of a pipe AB and solid rod BC. The pipe has an inner diameter of 20 mm and outer
diameter of 28 mm. The rod has a diameter of 12 mm. Determine the average normal stress at points D and E
and represent the stress on a volume element located at each of these points.
Stress-example 3 31
Determine the average normal stress at section a–a and the average shear stress at section b–b in member
AB. The cross section is square, 12 mm on each side.
Strain 32
LAB
Strain 33
V l
V
L γ/2
V
γ/2
V
F
F1
V
V
F2 F2
L
V
V
F1
Strain-example 1 34
The rigid beam is supported by a pin at A and wires BD and CE. If the load P on the beam causes the end C to
be displaced 10 mm downward, determine the normal strain developed in wires CE and BD.
Strain-example 2 35
The rigid beam is supported by a pin at A and wires BD and CE. If the distributed load causes the end C to be
displaced 10 mm downward, determine the normal strain developed in wires CE and BD.
(a) "Mechanics of Materials" eighth edition, J.M. Gere and B.J.Goodno Cengage Learning. (ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-
111-5774-2)
(b) "Mechanics of Materials" eighth edition or more, R.C Hibbeler, Pearson.
END