Senior High School

Understanding
Culture, Society, and
Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 2
Kinship, Marriage, and
the Household

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Kinship, Marriage, and the Household
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Authors/s: Honey May O. Colaljo, D.M.

Reviewer/s: Joel D. Potane, Ph.D. – LRMS Manager
Content Validator/s: Romeo B. Aclo, EPS – Araling Panlipunan and Cheryl C. Pontillas
Language Evaluator: Sylvio L. Carciller
Illustrator/s and Layout Artist/s: Paul Y. Badon and Ryan Z. Roa

Management Team
Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, Ph.D., CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairperson: Alicia E. Anghay, Ph.D., CESE

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Members:
Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief
Romeo B. Aclo, EPS-Araling Panlipunan
Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Office Address:Fr. William F. Masterson Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City
Telefax: (08822) 855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

ii
 Senior High School

Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 2
Kinship, Marriage, and
the Household

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other
education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at
cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

iii
 Table of Contents
COVER PAGE ............................................................................................................ i
COPYRIGHT PAGE................................................................................................... ii
TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................................. iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ iv
WHAT THIS MODULE IS ABOUT ............................................................................. v
WHAT I NEED TO KNOW ......................................................................................... v
HOW TO LEARN FROM THIS MODULE .................................................................. vi
ICONS OF THIS MODULE ...................................................................................... vii
WHAT I KNOW ....................................................................................................... viii
Lesson 1: Kinship, Marriage, and Household ........................................................1
What’s In: .............................................................................................1
What’s New: Family Is ..........................................................................1
What is It: Kinship, Marriage, and the Household ................................2
What’s More: My Family Tree ...............................................................6
Unforgettable Moment ....................................................6
What I Have Learned: Fill in the Blanks ................................................7
What I Can Do: A Family Life Story ......................................................7
Summary ...................................................................................................................8
Assessment .............................................................................................................10
Key to Answers ........................................................................................................12
References ..............................................................................................................13

iv
What This Module is About

Hi! Welcome to this new module.

This module will give you information about kinship, marriage, and the
household as significant concepts in the study of society and culture. Different kinship
patterns, descent, marriage, family, residential patterns, and politics of kinship are
further discussed in this module.

The family as an institution is found in society. The structure of the family

varies from one society to the other. It may differ in the number of marriage partners
that a person is allowed to have, the way a marriage partner is selected, and
marriage rules across culture.

May this lesson will guide you to a better understanding of the role of a family
as a primary social institution in society. Have fun learning.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

 Describe the organized nature of social life and rules governing behavior
(UCSP11/12HSO-IIi-21)

 Compare different social forms of a social organization according to their

manifest and latent functions; (UCSP11/12HSO-IIj-22)

v
How to Learn from this Module

The following are your guide for the proper use of this module:

To the Learner:
1. Follow all the instructions in every activity.
2. Answer the pre-test before going over the material to find out what you
already know.
3. Answer all the exercises at the end of every lesson.
4. Review the lesson that you find difficulty to understand. Be resourceful.
5. All answers should be written in the module unless otherwise specified, for
example: a sheet of paper or bond paper.
6. All output should be placed in a folder that will serve as your portfolio. The
output should be arranged in sequential order.
7. Seek assistance from your teacher and parents/guardian.
To the Teacher:
1. Communicate with parents and learners regularly for updates and feedback.
2. You have to make sure that all activities are complied with before accepting
them.
3. You may contextualize or localize your activity as long as it is still within the
boundary of the learning competency.

To the Parents/Guardian:
1. Closely monitor your child’s progress.
2. Do not answer the activities for your child. Just guide them in doing it.
3. Support your child. Talk to him/her about his/her journey with this module.

vi
 Icons of this Module
This part contains learning objectives that
What I Need to Know
are set for you to learn as you go along the
Learning Objectives
module.

This part of the module is an assessment

What I Know? as to your level of knowledge to the
Pre-Assessment subject matter at hand meant to gauge
prior understanding.

What’s In? This part connects the previous lesson

Review Activity with that of the current one.

An introduction to the new lesson through

What’s New?
various activities before it will be presented
Motivational Activity
to you.

These are discussions as a way to deepen

What Is It?
your discovery and understanding of the
Lesson Proper
concept.

These are follow-up activities intended for

What’s More?
you to practice further to master the
Performance Task
competencies.

What I Have Learned? These are activities designed to process

Generalization what you have learned from the lesson.

These are tasks designed to showcase

What I Can Do?
your skills and knowledge gained and
Application
applied to real-life concerns and situations.

This part evaluates your level of mastery in

Assessment
achieving the learning objectives of the
Post-Assessment
lesson.

vii
 What I Know

PRETEST

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. The marriage of a woman to two or more men at the same time.

a. polygamy c. monogamy
b. polyandry d. polygyny

2. The basic institution of most societies.

a. family c. marriage
b. b. kinship d. descent

3. The family structure based on residence that permits the newly married
couple to live independently.
a. patrilocal c. biolocal
b. matrilocal d. neolocal

4. This refers to a group whose members are involved in politics. This group can
be seen in families that have been part of the government for several
generations.
a. political alliance c. political dynasty
b. b. political kinship d. political descent

5. Kinship based on blood is considered as the most basic and general form of
relations.
a. matrilineal descent c. consanguineal kinship
b. patrilineal descent d. affinal kinship

6. It refers to the practice of having more than one partner or sexual mate.
a. polygamy c. endogamy
b. b. monogamy d. exogamy

7. A type of family that is made up of a group of people who are united by social
ties and is usually made up of two adults and their socially recognized
children.
a. extended family c. blended family
b. complex family d. nuclear family

viii
8. It happens when the newlywed couple stays with the husband’s relatives and
the wife’s kin alternately.
a. biolocal residence c. neolocal residence
b. avuncolocal residence d. patrilocal family

9. Which type of marriage where the man or woman’s parents determine the
marital partner of the individual?
a. exchange marriage c. referred marriage
b. child marriage d. diplomatic marriage

10. It is sometimes called a step family, a reconstituted family, or a complex

family.
a. nuclear family c. blended family
b. transnational family d. extended family

11. It refers to the type of relations developed when a marriage occurs.

a. consanguineal kinship c. kinship by ritual
b. affinal kinship d. kinship

12. It refers to the spiritual parents of the child.

a. compadrazgo c. goddaughter
b. b. godson d. parents

13. When someone finds his/her partner through a matchmaker.

a. arranged marriage c. fixed marriage
b. referred marriage d. diplomatic marriage

14. It refers to the biological origin of a person’s family.

a. kinship c. descent
b. b. alliance d. dynasty

15. A marriage where an individual has only one spouse at a time.

a. polygamy c. endogamy
b. polygyny d. monogamy

ix
 Lesson Kinship, Marriage, and the Household
Learning Competency:
 Describe the organized nature of social life and rules
governing behavior (UCSP11/12HSO-Iii-21)

1  Compare different social forms of a social organization

according to their manifest and latent functions
(UCSP11/12HSO-IIj-22)

What’s In

We learn from the previous module about the different social groups that
surround us. At this point in time, it is expected that you already knew who are the
members of your primary groups, the members of your secondary and reference
groups? How about your networks? List them all in a piece of paper. Viola! It is
surprising to note that we have a lot of social groups and connections in our life. Isn’t it
exciting to be with them after COVID-19? Yes, of course.

But in the meantime, while waiting for that most exciting moment, let’s first learn
together the lesson about kinship, marriage, and the household. Without a doubt, you
will be amazed of the many things that you will discover.

What’s New

Activity 1: FAMILY IS…

What is the role of the family in society? Please give three (3) answers.

1. ________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

1
 3. _________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

What Is It

Every society has formed social institutions to meet all their basic needs. One of
these is the institution of the family. The family is the basic unit of society. The structure
of the family may differ from one society to the other. It may change from one culture to
the other as well.

As we grow older (adult), our social group will expand. We will meet new
faces/people in our neighbourhood, in the community, at work, in social organizations,
in social media, etc. By this, we begin to relate ourselves to the opposite sex by way of
having boy-girl relationship. And in the right time, from there, we will be able to establish
a society through a family.

Kinship and Descent

Kinship is a social institution that refers to relations formed between members of

the society.

Descent refers to the origin or background of a person in terms of family or

nationality. It is a biological relationship.

Principles of Descent

Unilineal descent usually traced through a single line of ancestors either from
the patrilineal or matrilineal descent but not both.

Patrilineal descent affiliates a person with a group of relatives through his or her
father.

Matrilineal descent, affiliates a person with a group of relatives through his or

her mother.

Bilateral descent, affiliates a person with a group of relatives through either his
or her parents. Kinship is traced through both ancestral lines of the mother and the
father.

2
 Types of Kinship

Consanguineal kinship or kinship based on blood is considered as the most

basic and general form of relations. The relationship is achieved by birth or blood
affinity. It is commonly called as relatives by blood. Examples are the relationship or
connection between parents and their children, between siblings, between
nephews/nieces and aunts/uncles.

Affinal kinship or kinship-

based on marriage refers to the type
of relations developed when a
marriage occurs. The husband forms
new relations with his wife and her
family likewise the wife forms new
relations with his husband and his
family.

The Family Code of the

Philippines defines marriage as a
special contract of permanent union
between a man and a woman entered
into in accordance with law for the
establishment of conjugal and family
life. Marriage is an important social
institution wherein two persons, a man
and a woman, enter into family life. Image: https://bit.ly/30drj0q

Marriage across Cultures

Endogamy and Exogamy

Endogamy or compulsory marriage, it refers to marriage within their own clan or

ethnic group.

Exogamy or out-marriage, it refers to marriage outside their own clan or ethnic

group.

Monogamy and Polygamy

Monogamy refers to a marriage where an individual has only one spouse at a

time.

Polygamy refers to a marriage of having more than one spouse at a time. It can
be polygyny, the marriage of one man having multiple female partners at the same
time or polyandry is the marriage of one woman having multiple male partners at the
same time.

3
 Referred Marriage and Arrange Marriages

Referred marriage happens when someone finds his/her partner through

friends, relatives or people who act as matchmakers. These matchmakers help their
single friends to find husband or wife by referring them to other single friends who are
also interested in finding a life partner.

Arranged marriage is usually called fixed marriage. It happens when marriage is

decided by the parents of the groom and bride. In this kind of marriage, the groom and
bride are usually chosen by parents, community leaders, or religious officials to ensure
that the young people are guided through the process of finding the right person to
marry.

Types of Arranged Marriages

Child marriage. The parents of a small child arrange a future marriage with
another child's parents. The children are betrothed to each other.

Exchange Marriage. This form of marriage involves a reciprocal exchange of

spouses between two nations, groups, or tribes.

Diplomatic Marriage: Marriages are arranged for political reasons, to cement

alliances between royal families. The monarchs of Europe were all related by blood due
to frequent ambassadorial marriages. This form of marriage occurs when an arranged
marriage has been established between two royal or political families in order to forge
political or diplomatic alliances.

Modern arranged marriage: The parents choose several possible mates for the
child, sometimes with the help of the child (who may indicate which photos he or she
likes, for example). The parents will then arrange a meeting with the family of the
prospective mate, and the two children will often have a short unsupervised meeting,
such as an hour-long walk around the neighborhood. The child then chooses who they
wish to marry (if anyone), although parents may exert varying degrees of pressure on
the child to make a choice.

Post Marital Residency Rules (based on residence)

Patrilocal residence occurs when the married couple stays with or near the
husband’s kin or relatives.

Matrilocal residence occurs when the married couple stays with or near the
wife’s kin or relatives

Biolocal residence happens when the couple stays with the husband’s kin or
the wife’s kin alternately.

Neolocal residence happens when the couple stays or build a home

independently from the husband or wife’s families.

4
 Avuncolocal residence occurs when the couple resides with or near the
maternal uncle of the groom.

Kinship by Ritual

Compadrazgo, literally translated as “godparent”. This can be done through the

performance of Catholic rituals like baptism, confirmation, and marriage. This
“compadrazgo” becomes the spiritual parents of the child or as co-parents to the child
who is referred to as the godson or goddaughter.

Family and the Household

The family is considered the basic unit of social organization. It is made up of a

group of individuals who are linked together by marriage, blood relations, or adoption.

A nuclear family is a type of family that is made up of a married couple (parents)

and their biological or adopted children.

An extended family is made of two or more nuclear families in a household.

Some of the relatives are living with the nuclear family. It is an expanded household
composed of three or more generations. It may include great grandparents,
grandparents, the parents, the children and other relatives.

A blended family is a type of family where both the parents (father and mother)
have children from previous marital relationships but all the members stay in one
household to form a new family. This is also called a step family, a reconstituted
family, or a complex family.

Conditionally separated family is a type of family where a member is

separated from the rest of the family due to employment, military service, sickness, etc.

Transnational family is a type of a family who lives in more than one country.
They may spend part of each year from one state to the other. This is caused due to
employment or military service of parents.

Kinship of Politics: Political Dynasties and Alliances

In the Philippines, political dynasties refer to family members who are involved
in politics for several generations. Most politicians elected in public offices and
government positions are relatives.

Political alliances. Political parties tend to align or agree to cooperate to each

other for common political agenda; to ensure victory in the elections or guarantee the
passage of legislation.

5
 What’s More

Activity 2: MY FAMILY TREE

1. Make your personal “Family Tree”. If possible, place picture in each member of
the family; label it.
2. Use 1/8 size illustration board for this activity. You can use indigenous and
recycled materials. Show your creativity. Agree with your teacher on the other
specifications about the project.

Rubric for Activity 2

Criteria Rating
The output presents the information in a clear and comprehensive
manner. 5 4 3 2 1
The output employs artistic techniques which do not distract from
the information or message being conveyed. 5 4 3 2 1
The output effectively uses text such as labels, captions, and
descriptions to clarify information or convey a message. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)

Activity 3: UNFORGETTABLE MOMENT

Inside the box below, draw your unforgettable moment with your family.
Afterwards, briefly discuss your drawing. Be creative.

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

6
 Rubric for the Drawing

Criteria Rating
The drawing clearly expresses the information and message. 5 4 3 2 1
The drawing highlights key information relevant to the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The drawing shows creativity. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

1. Affinal relatives are related by ________ _______.

2. Your kinship relationship with your grandmother is based on ________.

3. Your aunt’s son is your ______________________________________.

4. Your mother’s daughter is your _______________________________.

5. Your father’s son is your ____________________________________.

6. The basic social unit of the society is called _____________________.

7. A union between a man and a woman is called ___________________.

8. Consaguinal relatives are related by ___________________________.

9. Kinship through female’s line is called __________________________.

10. A type of residence where couple lives separately from both parents
______________________.

What I Can Do

Activity 5: A FAMILY LIFE STORY

It’s bonding time. Setback and relax at the comfort of your home. Gather your
siblings or your cousins. Grab a snack. Play a love song. Let your parents or guardians
or other relatives share about their family life story. But never forget, how about their
love story? Share the lesson that you learn from them. Have a lovely night.

7
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.

SUMMARY
 Kinship is a social institution that refers to relations formed between members of
the society.

 Descent refers to the origin or background of a person in terms of family or

nationality. Descent is classified as unilineal descent, patrilineal descent,
matrilineal descent, and bilateral descent.

 Consanguineal kinship or kinship based on blood is considered as the most basic

and general form of relations.

 Affinal kinship or kinship-based on marriage refers to the type of relations

developed when a marriage occurs.

 Marriage across cultures includes endogamy or compulsory marriage and

exogamy or out-marriage.

 Monogamy refers to a marriage where an individual has only one spouse at a

time while polygamy refers to a marriage of having more than one spouse at a
time. Polygamy is classified as polygyny or polyandry

 Referred marriage happens when someone finds his/her partner through friends,
relatives or people who act as matchmakers.

 Arranged marriage is usually called fixed marriage.

 Types of arranged marriages include child marriage, exchange marriage,

diplomatic marriage, and modern arranged marriage.

 Post marital residency rules include patrilocal residence, matrilocal residence,

biolocal residence, neolocal residence, and avuncolocal residence.

8
 Compadrazgo, literally translated as “godparent”. He or she becomes the
spiritual parents of the child or as co-parents.

 The family is considered the basic unit of social organization. It is made up of a

group of individuals who are linked together by marriage, blood relations, or
adoption.

 Type of families includes nuclear family, extended family, blended family,

conditionally separated family, and transnational family

 Kinship of politics includes political dynasty and political alliance.

9
 ASSESSMENT

POSTTEST

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. The marriage of a woman to two or more men at the same time.

a. polygamy c. monogamy
b. polyandry d. polygyny

2. The basic institution of most societies.

a. family c. marriage
b. kinship d. descent

3. The family structure based on residence that permits the newly married couple to
live independently.
a. patrilocal c. biolocal
b. matrilocal d. neolocal

4. This refers to a group whose members are involved in politics. This group can be
seen in families that have been part of the government for several generations.
a. political alliance c. political dynasty
b. political kinship d. political descent

5. Kinship based on blood is considered as the most basic and general form of
relations.
a. matrilineal descent c. consanguineal kinship
b. patrilineal descent d. affinal kinship

6. It refers to the practice of having more than one partner or sexual mate.
a. polygamy c. endogamy
b. monogamy d. exogamy

7. A type of family that is made up of a group of people who are united by social ties
and is usually made up of two adults and their socially recognized children.
a. extended family c. blended family
b. complex family d. nuclear family

10
8. It happens when the newlywed couple stays with the husband’s relatives and the
wife’s kin alternately.
a. biolocal residence c. neolocal residence
b. avuncolocal residence d. patrilocal family

9. Which type of marriage where the man or woman’s parents determine the marital
partner of the individual?
a. exchange marriage c. referred marriage
b. child marriage d. diplomatic marriage

10. It is sometimes called a step family, a reconstituted family, or a complex family.

a. nuclear family c. blended family
b. transnational family d. extended family

11. It refers to the type of relations developed when a marriage occurs.

a. consanguineal kinship c. kinship by ritual
b. affinal kinship d. kinship

12. It refers to the spiritual parents of the child.

a. compadrazgo c. goddaughter
b. godson d. parents

13. When someone finds his/her partner through a matchmaker.

a. arranged marriage c. fixed marriage
b. referred marriage d. diplomatic marriage

14. It refers to the biological origin of a person’s family.

a. kinship c. descent
b. alliance d. dynasty

15. A marriage where an individual has only one spouse at a time.

a. polygamy c. endogamy
b. polygyny d. monogamy

11
 12
KEY TO ANSWERS
PRETEST
1. b 6. a 11. b
2. a 7. d 12. a
3. d 8. a 13. b
4. c 9. b 14. c
5. c 10. c 15. d
POSTTEST
1. b 6. a 11. b
2. a 7. d 12. a
3. d 8. a 13. b
4. c 9. b 14. c
5. c 10. c 15. d
KEY TO ANSWERS
ACTIVITY 4 – What I Have Learned
1. marriage 6. family
2. consaguineal kinship 7. marriage
3. cousin 8. blood/descent
4. sister 9. matrilineal
5. brother 10. neolocal residence
 REFERENCE
Baleña, Ederlina D., Lucero, Dolores M., Peralta, Arnel M. Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics for Senior High School. Quezon City: Educational
Resources Corporation, 2016.

Contreras, Antonio P., Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., Erasga, Dennis S., Fadrigon, Cecile
C. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc., 2016.

"Family | Boundless Sociology." Lumen Learning – Simple Book Production. Accessed

June 14, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
sociology/chapter/family/.

"Chapter 14. Marriage and Family – Introduction to Sociology – 1st Canadian Edition."
BC Open Textbooks – Open Textbooks Adapted and Created by BC Faculty.
Last modified November 6, 2014.
https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/chapter14-marriage-and-
family/.

"Marriage | Boundless Sociology." Lumen Learning – Simple Book Production.

Accessed June 14, 2020. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
sociology/chapter/marriage/

13
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Fr. William F. Masterson Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: (08822) 855-0048
E-mail Address: cagayandeoro.city@deped.gov.ph