10

Computer
Programming
Quarter I – Module 2:
INFORMATION CONCEPTS

"Designed by macrovector / Freepik"

Computer Programming – Grade 10
Self-Learning Module
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Regional Director: Ramir B. Uytico EdD, CESO IV
Assistant Regional Director: Arnulfo M. Balane, CESO V

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Language Editors: Name
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Rosemarie M. Guino EdD, OIC – Chief, CLMD
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Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Office Address: Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte

Telefax: 053 - 3233156

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

At the end of each module, you need to answer the test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will
be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Computer Programming 10 Self–Learning Module 1 on Information

Concepts

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

Explore
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module. A brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one. The
new lesson will also be introduced to you in
various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
Learn
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
Apply sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

Assess This is a task which aims to evaluate your level

of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

This contains the learner’s reflection. Learners

Reflect
are encouraged to think about the lessons
particularly the parts that went well (they have
understood) and the parts that were weak (they
have difficulty) and write about it briefly.
Learners can share their thoughts and feeling

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 about the lessons.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing
this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
5. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Explore

Introduction:
This Self Learning Module will guide you to understand the Information
concept as an overview of computer programming. The lessons were designed to
follow the standard SLM format.
You’ve probably heard that “information is power.” In fact, the power of
information depends on how it serves a specific need at a certain time.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define information, data and knowledge
2. identify characteristic of valuable information
3. explain the value of information

Pre – Assessment:
Read the question below and select the letter of the correct answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. Please answer the questions the best of
your ability.

1. Consists of raw facts, such as an employee number, total hours worked in a

week, inventory part numbers, or sales orders.
a. Data c. Knowledge
b. Information d. Process

2. The awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that
information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision.
a. Knowledge c. Data
b. Process d. Information

3. Collection of facts organized and processed so that they have additional value
beyond the value of the individual facts
a. Knowledge c. Information
b. Data d. None of the above

4. Can help people in their organizations perform tasks more efficiently and
effectively.
a. valuable customer c. valuable data
b. valuable information d. all of the above

5. Information should be easily __________ by authorized users so they can obtain it

in the right format and at the right time to meet their needs.
a. accessible c. complete
 b. complete d. accurate

Learn

In your previous lesson, we studied about computer, computer programs

and programming languages.
There are types of programming languages such as a high level
programming language a programming language such as C, FORTRAN, or
Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less
independent of a particular type of computer and a low-level programming
language a programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a
computer's instruction set architecture commands or functions in the language
map closely to processor instructions.
Now we are going to study about Information concepts.

It is necessary to know the relationship of data, information and knowledge.

And have a deeper understanding of valuable information because its directly
linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals.

INFORMATION CONCEPTS
Information can be thought of as the resolution of uncertainty; it is that
which answers the question of "What an entity is" and thus defines both its essence
and nature of its characteristics.

Information is associated with data, as data represent values attributed to

parameters, and information is data in context and with meaning attached.
Information also relates to knowledge, as knowledge signifies understanding of an
abstract or concrete concept. Data, information and knowledge are closely related
concepts, but each has its own role in relation to the other, and each term has its
own meaning

Data, Information and Knowledge

What is data?
Data consists of raw facts, such as an employee number, total hours worked
in a week, inventory part numbers, or sales orders. When facts are arranged in a
meaningful manner, they become information.
Data Representation refers to the form in which data is stored, processed,
and transmitted
 Data Presented by
Alphanumeric data Numbers, letters, and other characters
Image data Graphic images and pictures
Audio data Sound, noise, or tones
Video data Moving images or pictures

What is information?
Information is a collection of facts organized and processed so that they
have additional value beyond the value of the individual facts, or a data that has
been processed into a form that is meaningful to recipient
What is Knowledge?
Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and
the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a
decision.
Turning data into information is a process, or a set of logically related tasks
performed to achieve a defined outcome. The process of defining relationships
among data to create useful information requires knowledge
Professor Ray R. Larson of the School of Information at the University of
California, Berkeley, provides an Information Hierarchy, which is
 Data − The raw material of information.
 Information − Data organized and presented by someone.
 Knowledge − Information read, heard, or seen, and understood.

The Characteristic of Valuable Information

Characteristics Definitions
Information should be easily accessible by authorized users so
Accessible they can obtain it in the right format and at the right time to
meet their needs.

Accurate information is error free. In some cases, inaccurate

Accurate information is generated because inaccurate data is fed into
the transformation process. (This is commonly called garbage
in, garbage out [GIGO].)

Complete information contains all the important facts. For

Complete example, an investment report that does not include all
important costs is not complete.

Information should also be relatively economical to produce.

Economical Decision makers must always balance the value of information
with the cost of producing it.

Flexible information can be used for a variety of purposes. For

example, information on how much inventory is on hand for a
Flexible particular part can be used by a sales representative in closing
a sale, by a production manager to determine whether more
inventory is needed, and by a financial executive to determine
 the total value the company has invested in inventory.

Relevant information is important to the decision maker.

Relevant Information showing that lumber prices might drop might not
be relevant to a computer chip manufacturer.

Reliable information can be trusted by users. In many cases,

Reliable the reliability of the information depends on the reliability of
the data-collection method. In other instances, reliability
depends on the source of the information. A rumor from an
unknown source that oil prices might go up might not be
reliable.

Secure Information should be secure from access by unauthorized

users.

Information should be simple, not overly complex.

Sophisticated and detailed information might not be needed. In
Simple fact, too much information can cause information overload,
whereby a decision maker has too much information and is
unable to determine what is really important.

Timely information is delivered when it is needed. Knowing last

Timely week’s weather conditions will not help when trying to decide
what coat to wear today.

Information should be verifiable. This means that you can

Verifiable check it to make sure it is correct, perhaps by checking many
sources for the same information.

The Value of Information

The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers
achieve their organization’s goals. Valuable information can help people in their
organizations perform tasks more efficiently and effectively.
Consider a market forecast that predicts a high demand for a new product. If
you use this information to develop the new product and your company makes an
additional profit of ₱10,000, the value of this information to the company is
₱10,000 minus the cost of the information.
 Notes to the Teacher

An additional information on the characteristics of valuable

information you can search the internet using the link:
https://quizlet.com/32470044/it-chapter-1-characteristics-of-
valuable-information-flash-cards/
 Engage
Direction: Arrange the following group of letters to form a characteristics of
valuable information word. Write the answers on a separate sheet of paper
Jumbled Letters Answer

1. MLITYE ______________________________________

2. RAATCECU ______________________________________

3. BILFELXE ______________________________________

4. ILEBARLE ______________________________________

5. BLVREIAIEF ______________________________________

6. ESASCBCLEI ______________________________________

7. MOLECETP ______________________________________

8. TELERANV ______________________________________

9. REUSCE ______________________________________

10. LESPIM ______________________________________

 Apply

Direction: Read the statement below and select the characteristic of valuable
information from the box. Write the answers on a separate sheet of paper

Complete Verifiable Timely

Accessible Secure Economical

_______________ 1. An information that can be open using the google, facebook,

tweeter or any internet flatform.

_______________2. Any information that cannot be open by the unauthorized person.

_______________3. You can check this information through official website of DepEd
Region VIII or any official Deped Division of the region.

_______________4. An information that tells the weather forecast condition

tomorrow.

_______________5. An information that shows all the proper steps of preventing

COVID 19.
 Assess

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The raw materials of information

a. knowledge c. process
b. data d. information

2. A data organized and presented by someone

a. information c. data
b. process d. knowledge

3. Any information that could be read, heard or seen and understand

a. information c. data
b. process d. knowledge

4. A data presented by numbers, letters and other characters

a. image data c. alphanumeric data
b. audio data d. video data

5. A data that is presented by graphic images and pictures

a. audio data c. video data
b. image data d. alphanumeric data

6. It helps people in organizing task and perform efficiently and effectively

a. valuable information c. valuable customer
b. valuable data d. valuable things

7. Characteristic of valuable information which is error free

a. timely c. reliable
b. relevant d. accurate

8. Characteristic of valuable information that can be trusted by users.

a. accessible c. relevant
b. reliable d. simple

9. The information that can be used for a variety of purposes.

a. verifiable c. secure
b. simple d. flexible

10. Which is not a characteristic of valuable information

a. speed c. accuracy
b. simple d. relevant
Essay question. Read the question and answer it carefully.

1. Differentiates data and information? (2 points)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the value of information to the organization’s goals? (3 points)

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 Reflect

Reflection guide questions / statement..

1. What new information have you learned from this module?

2. Where did you encounter difficulties in this module, and what did you do to deal
with it?
 Answer Key

Apply Assessment
1. Accessible 1. b
2. Secure 2. a
3. Verifiable 3. d
4. Timely 4. c
5. Complete 5. b
6. a
7. d
8. b
9. d
10. a

Engage Pre-Assessment
1. TIMELY 1. a
2. ACCURATE 2. a
3. FLEXIBLE 3. c
4. RELIABLE 4. b
5. VERIFIABLE 5. a
6. ACCESSIBLE
7. COMPLETE
8. RELEVANT
9. SECURE
10. SIMPLE
References

Books and Articles and Printed Materials:

Stair, Ralph and Reynolds, George “An Introduction to Information Systems in

Organization” In Fundamentals of Information Systems, Edited by Charles
McCormick, Jr, 5-8. USA: Cengage Learning, 2011.

Electronic Resources:

“Course Outline” Retrieved from

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MUJz463jyXWvYLsU5Hp1oqepViRc4zgn/
view?usp=sharing

“MIS- Basic Information Concept” Retrieved from

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/management_information_system/
basic_information_concepts.htm

“Quizlet” Retrieved from

https://quizlet.com/32470044/it-chapter-1-characteristics-of-valuable-
information-flash-cards/

Reflect Icon.

2017. https://pixabay.com/illustrations/idea-icon-bulb-creativity-set-2558678/.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Regional Office VIII – Curriculum and Learning

Management Division (CLMD) - Learning Resources Management Section (LRMS)

Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte, 6501

Telefax: (053) 323-3156; 323-3854; 824-4627

Email Address: *region8@deped.gov.ph

*clmd.region8@deped.gov.ph *lrmds.region8@deped.gov.ph