5.3 Operating System Installation

OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION
Hard Drive Setup Procedures
As a technician, you might have to Structure of a Hard Drive

perform a clean installation of an
OS:
 When a computer is passed
from one employee to another
 When the OS is corrupt
 When the primary hard drive is
replaced in a computer
Operating System Setup
the installation and initial booting of the OS

Ways to install OS:
over a network from a server

from a local hard drive
common installation method for a home or small business
is with CDs or DVDs
HOW TO INSTALL OS?
first configure the BIOS setup to boot the system from the
CD or DVD.
IMPORTANT: If the hardware is not supported by the
OS, you may need to install third party drivers when
performing a clean installation.
PARTITIONING
A hard drive is divided into specific
areas called partitions.
Each partition is a logical storage unit that can be
formatted to store information, such as data files and
applications.
During the installation process, most operating systems
automatically partition and format available hard drive
space.
THE PROCESS AND TERMS RELATING TO HARD DRIVE
SETUP:
PRIMARY PARTITION - containing the operating

system files is usually the first partition. There can be up
to four primary partitions per hard drive. A primary
partition cannot be subdivided into smaller sections.
THE PROCESS AND TERMS RELATING TO HARD DRIVE
SETUP:
ACTIVE PARTITION - The OS uses the active partition

to boot the computer. Only one primary partition per disk
can be marked active. In most cases, the C: drive is the
active partition and contains the boot and system files.
Some users create additional
partitions to organize files or
to be able to dual-boot the
computer.
EXTENDED PARTITION - The extended partition
normally uses the remaining free space on a hard drive or
takes the place of a primary partition.
There can be only one extended partition per hard drive,
but it can be subdivided into smaller sections called
logical drives.
LOGICAL DRIVE - is a section of an extended partition.
It can be used to separate information for administrative
purposes.
BASIC DISK - (the default) contains primary and
extended partitions, as well as logical drives. A basic disk
is limited to four partitions.
DYNAMIC DISK has the ability to create volumes that
span across more than one disk.
FORMATTING this process prepares a file system in a
partition for files to be stored.
SECTOR - contains 512 bytes
CLUSTER - a cluster is also called a file allocation unit
(FAT). It is the smallest unit of space used for storing
data. It is made up of one or more sectors.
TRACK - A track is one complete circle that can contain
data on one side of a hard drive platter. A track is broken
into groups of sectors.
CYLINDER - is a stack of tracks lined up one on top of
another to form a cylinder shape.
HARD DRIVE FORMATTING
A clean installation of an OS proceeds as if the disk were brand new.
No information that is currently on the hard drive is preserved.
The first phase of the installation process partitions and formats the hard
drive.
This process prepares the disk to accept the new file system.
The file system provides the directory structure that organizes the user’s
operating system, application, configuration, and data files.
Windows Operating Systems use one of these File Systems:
New Technology File System (NTFS)

- Supports partition sizes up to 16 exabytes, in theory. NTFS
incorporates more file system security features and extended
attributes than the FAT file system.
An exabyte (EB)
is a large unit of computer data storage, two to the sixtieth power

bytes. The prefix exa means one billion billion, or one quintillion,
which is a decimal term.
Therefore one exabyte is one quintillion bytes (short scale). The
symbol for the exabyte is EB. 1 EB = 10006bytes = 1018bytes =
1000000000000000000B = 1000 petabytes = 1millionterabytes =
1billiongigabytes. A related unit, the exbibyte, using a binary
prefix, is equal to 10246bytes, about 15% larger.
File Allocation Table, 32 bit (FAT32)

Supports partition sizes up to 2 TB or 2,048 GB. The FAT32 file
system is used by Windows XP and earlier OS versions.
FAT32 and NFTS COMPARISON
exFAT (FAT 64) (Extended File Allocation Table)

created to address some of the limitations of FAT, FAT32, and
NTFS when formatting USB flash drives, such as file size and
directory size.
Compact Disc File System (CDFS)

created specifically for optical disk media.
STEPS IN OPERATING SYSTEM
INSTALLATION
REF: https://www.wikihow.com/Install-Windows-7-(Beginners)

5.3 Operating System Installation

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OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION

Hard Drive Setup Procedures

As a technician, you might have to Structure of a Hard Drive

the installation and initial booting of the OS

over a network from a server

PRIMARY PARTITION - containing the operating

ACTIVE PARTITION - The OS uses the active partition

New Technology File System (NTFS)

is a large unit of computer data storage, two to the sixtieth power

File Allocation Table, 32 bit (FAT32)

exFAT (FAT 64) (Extended File Allocation Table)

Compact Disc File System (CDFS)

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