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    Shearing Deformation

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    ballDISCOVERIES PHballDISCOVERIES
    Shearing deformation occurs when shearing forces cause a change in the shape of an element without changing its length. Shear strain is defined as the change in angle of an originally rectangular element divided by its length. The ratio of shear stress to shear strain is known as the modulus of rigidity. Poisson's ratio describes the ratio of lateral to longitudinal strain and is used to model biaxial and triaxial deformation. The bulk modulus of elasticity measures a material's resistance to changes in volume from pressure. Several example problems are provided to demonstrate calculating shear strain, shear stress, changes in diameter from pressure, and other applications of these mechanical properties.

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    Shearing Deformation

    Uploaded by

    ballDISCOVERIES PHballDISCOVERIES
    113 views20 pages
    Shearing deformation occurs when shearing forces cause a change in the shape of an element without changing its length. Shear strain is defined as the change in angle of an originally rectangular element divided by its length. The ratio of shear stress to shear strain is known as the modulus of rigidity. Poisson's ratio describes the ratio of lateral to longitudinal strain and is used to model biaxial and triaxial deformation. The bulk modulus of elasticity measures a material's resistance to changes in volume from pressure. Several example problems are provided to demonstrate calculating shear strain, shear stress, changes in diameter from pressure, and other applications of these mechanical properties.

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    Shearing deformation

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    Shearing deformation occurs when shearing forces cause a change in the shape of an element without changing its length. Shear strain is defined as the change in angle of an originally rectangular element divided by its length. The ratio of shear stress to shear strain is known as the modulus of rigidity. Poisson's ratio describes the ratio of lateral to longitudinal strain and is used to model biaxial and triaxial deformation. The bulk modulus of elasticity measures a material's resistance to changes in volume from pressure. Several example problems are provided to demonstrate calculating shear strain, shear stress, changes in diameter from pressure, and other applications of these mechanical properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    113 views20 pages

    Shearing Deformation

    Uploaded by

    ballDISCOVERIES PHballDISCOVERIES
    Shearing deformation occurs when shearing forces cause a change in the shape of an element without changing its length. Shear strain is defined as the change in angle of an originally rectangular element divided by its length. The ratio of shear stress to shear strain is known as the modulus of rigidity. Poisson's ratio describes the ratio of lateral to longitudinal strain and is used to model biaxial and triaxial deformation. The bulk modulus of elasticity measures a material's resistance to changes in volume from pressure. Several example problems are provided to demonstrate calculating shear strain, shear stress, changes in diameter from pressure, and other applications of these mechanical properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    SHEARING DEFORMATION

    MIRJAM NILSSON
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    SHEARING DEFORMATION

    SHEARING FORCES CAUSE SHEARING DEFORMATION. AN ELEMENT SUBJECT TO SHEAR DOES NOT CHANGE
    IN LENGTH BUT UNDERGOES A CHANGE IN SHAPE.

    The change in angle at the corner of an


    original rectangular element is called the
    shear strain and is expressed as

    𝛿𝑠
    𝛾=
    𝐿
    2
    3
    PRESENTATION TITLE
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    SAMPLE PROBLEM

    A 20-MM-WIDE BLOCK IS BONDED TO RIGID PLATES AT ITS TOP AND BOTTOM. WHEN THE FORCE P IS
    APPLIED THE BLOCK DEFORMS INTO THE SHAPE SHOWN BY THE DASHED LINE. IF AND P IS RELEASED,
    DETERMINE THE PERMANENT SHEAR STRAIN IN THE BLOCK. A = 3 MM

    4
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    MODULUS OF RIGIDITY
    The ratio of the shear stress τ and the shear strain γ is called the modulus of elasticity in shear or modulus
    of rigidity and is denoted as G, in MPa.

    𝜏
    𝐺=
    𝛾

    The relationship between the shearing deformation and the applied shearing force is

    𝐹𝐿 𝜏𝐿
    𝛿𝑠 = =
    𝐴𝑠 𝐺 𝐺
    5
    where F is the shearing force acting over an area As.
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    A 20-MM-WIDE BLOCK IS FIRMLY BONDED TO RIGID PLATES AT ITS TOP AND BOTTOM. WHEN THE FORCE P
    IS APPLIED THE BLOCK DEFORMS INTO THE SHAPE SHOWN BY THE DASHED LINE. DETERMINE THE
    MAGNITUDE OF P. THE BLOCK’S MATERIAL HAS A MODULUS OF RIGIDITY OF ASSUME THAT THE MATERIAL
    DOES NOT YIELD AND USE SMALL ANGLE ANALYSIS. G = 26 GPA

    6
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    POISSON’S RATIO
    The ratio of the sidewise deformation (or strain) to the longitudinal deformation (or strain) is called the
    Poisson's ratio and is denoted by ν. For most steel, it lies in the range of 0.25 to 0.3, and 0.20 for concrete.

    𝜀𝑦 𝜀𝑧
    𝑣=− =−
    𝜀𝑥 𝜀𝑥
    7
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    BIAXIAL DEFORMATION
    If an element is subjected simultaneously by ensile stresses, σx and σy, in the x and y directions, the strain in
    the x-direction is σx / E and the strain in the y direction is σy / E.

    𝜎𝑥 𝜎𝑦 𝜀𝑥 + 𝑣𝜀𝑦 𝐸
    𝜀𝑥 =
    𝐸
    −𝑣
    𝐸 or 𝜎𝑥 =
    1 − 𝑣2

    and

    𝜎𝑦 𝜎𝑥 𝜀𝑦 + 𝑣𝜀𝑥 𝐸
    𝜀𝑦 = −𝑣 or 𝜎𝑦 =
    𝐸 𝐸 1 − 𝑣2
    8
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    TRIAXIAL DEFORMATION
    If an element is subjected simultaneously by three mutually perpendicular normal stresses σx, σy, and σz, which are
    accompanied by strains εx, εy, and εz, respectively,

    1
    𝜀𝑥 = 𝜎𝑥 − 𝑣(𝜎𝑦 + 𝜎𝑧 )
    𝐸
    1
    𝜀𝑦 = 𝜎 − 𝑣(𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑧 )
    𝐸 𝑦
    1
    𝜀𝑧 = 𝜎 − 𝑣(𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦 )
    𝐸 𝑧

    9
    Tensile stresses and elongation are taken as positive. Compressive stresses and contraction are taken as negative.
    POISSON'S RATIO OF
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    DIFFERENT MATERIALS

    • CORK - 0.0

    • CONCRETE - 0.2

    • STEEL, COPPER - 0.3

    • ALUMINUM - 0.35

    • RUBBER - 0.5 - MAX

    10
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN E, G, AND V

    The relationship between modulus of elasticity E, shear modulus G and Poisson's ratio ν is

    𝐸
    𝐺=
    2(1 + 𝑣)

    11
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    BULK MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

    Modulus of Volume Expansion, K

    The bulk modulus of elasticity K is a measure of a resistance of a material to change in volume without change
    in shape or form. It is given as
    𝐸 𝜎
    𝐾= =
    3(1 − 2𝑣) ∆𝑉
    𝑉
    where V is the volume and ΔV is change in volume. The ratio ΔV / V is called volumetric strain and can be
    expressed as

    ∆𝑉 𝜎 3(1 − 2𝑣)
    = =
    12 𝑉 𝐾 𝐸
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    PROBLEM 1
    A SOLID CYLINDER OF DIAMETER D CARRIES AN AXIAL LOAD P. SHOW THAT ITS CHANGE IN
    DIAMETER IS

    13
    14
    PRESENTATION TITLE
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    PROBLEM 2
    A WELDED STEEL CYLINDRICAL DRUM MADE OF A 10-MM PLATE HAS AN INTERNAL DIAMETER OF 1.20 M.
    COMPUTE THE CHANGE IN DIAMETER THAT WOULD BE CAUSED BY AN INTERNAL PRESSURE OF 1.5 MPA.
    ASSUME THAT POISSON'S RATIO IS 0.30 AND E = 200 GPA.

    15
    16
    PRESENTATION TITLE
    17
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    PROBLEM 3
    18
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    PROBLEM 4
    19
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    PROBLEM 5
    PRESENTATION TITLE

    20
    PROBLEM 7

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