Assignment No. 2 Q. 1 (A) Solve The System of Linear Equation Using Matrices: X+ 2y - 3z 1 2x - y + Z 2 X - Z 3

Course: Business Mathematics (1429)
Semester: Autumn, 2022

ASSIGNMENT No. 2
Q. 1 (a) Solve the system of linear equation using matrices:
X+ 2y– 3z = 1
2x – y + z = 2
x–z=3
1
2
(b) Can we multiply any two matrices. Explain

To perform multiplication of two matrices, we should make sure that the number of columns in the 1st matrix
is equal to the rows in the 2nd matrix. Therefore, the resulting matrix product will have a number of rows of the
3
1st matrix and a number of columns of the 2nd matrix. The order of the resulting matrix is the matrix
multiplication order.
Let’s learn how to multiply matrices.
Consider matrix A which is a × b matrix and matrix B, which is a b ×c matrix.
Then, matrix C = AB is defined as the A × B matrix.
An element in matrix C, Cxy is defined as:
Cxy=Ax1By1+….+AxbBby=∑k=1bAxkBky
For x = 1…… a and y= 1…….c
This is one of the most important topics in class 12. Matrices for class 12 explains the types of matrices in
detail.
Notation
If A is a m×n matrix and B is a p×q matrix, then the matrix product of A and B is represented by:
X = AB
Where X is the resulting matrix of m×q dimension.
Matrix Multiplication Formula

Let’s take an example to understand this formula.
Let’s say A and B are two matrices, such that,
Algorithm for Matrix Multiplication

There has been a significant amount of work in recent years in the field of matrix multiplication algorithms as it
has found its application in many areas. There are four types of algorithms:
 Iterative Algorithm
 Divide and conquer algorithm
4
 Sub-cubic algorithms
 Parallel and distributed algorithms
This is majorly used in various programming languages such as C, Java, etc., for online multiplication. The
most common are 2×2, 3×3 and 4×4, multiplication of matrices.
The operation is binary with entries in a set on which the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division are defined. These operations are the same as the corresponding operations on real and rational
numbers.
Although there are many applications of matrices, essentially, multiplication of matrices is an operation in
linear algebra. The linear mapping, which includes scalar addition and multiplication, is represented by matrix
multiplication.
One can also find a wide range of algorithms on meshes. This type of algorithm is designed to minimize the
inherent inefficiency of standard array algorithms where there can be a delay in the arrival of data from 2
different matrices.
Matrix multiplication Rules
From the above defined formula and procedure, we can write the following rules and properties for matrix
multiplication.
 The product of two matrices A and B is defined if the number of columns of A is equal to the number of
rows of B.
 If AB is defined, then BA need not be defined
 If both A and B are square matrices of the same order, then both AB and BA are defined.
 If AB and BA are both defined, it is not necessary that AB = BA.
 If the product of two matrices is a zero matrix, it is not necessary that one of the matrices is a zero
matrix.
Q. 2 The transition matrix of annual shifts in population within three provinces of a
country is given by:
i. Determine whether the population will attain an equilibrium condition.

ii. Find the relative population shares of the three provinces.
5
Hence from the above calculations it is verified that the population will attain an equilibrium condition.
Q. 3
(i)
6
7
(ii)
8
Q. 4
(a) Determine the location of all critical points and determine their nature for the function.
(i) f(x) = – 100e–0.25x – 50x
f'(x)=0.25*e^(-0.25x)-50
set equal to 0.
50=25e^(-0.25x)
2=e^(-0.25x)
9
ln 2=-0.25x
0.693=-0.25x
x=-2.77
f(x)=-61.37
second derivative is -6.25e^(-0.25x)
where x=-2.77 the second derivative is negative. This is a maximum.
(b) Given the demand function
i. Determine the partial derivatives fp1 and fp2
Let p1 =x
p2 = y
10
Now w.r.t y
11
ii. If p1 = 20 and p2 =10, evaluate fp1 and fp2 and interpret their meaning.
Q. 5 (a) Find fx, fy, fz, fyx, fxz, fzy, fy, (2, –1, 3), fyz, (–1, 1, 0). if
f(x, y, z) =
12
fx =
fy =
13
14
fz =
15
fyz =
16
17
fyx =
18
19
fzy =
20
21
22
(b) Suppose z = f (x, y) describes the cost to build a certain structure, where x represents the labor
costs and y represents the cost of materials. Describe what fx and fy represent.
Basically fx and fy represents the marginal labour cost and marginal cost of materials respectively. fx and fy are
calculated by taking partial derivatives of z.
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Course: Business Mathematics (1429)

Semester: Autumn, 2022

(b) Can we multiply any two matrices. Explain

Matrix Multiplication Formula

Algorithm for Matrix Multiplication

i. Determine whether the population will attain an equilibrium condition.

i. Determine the partial derivatives fp1 and fp2

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