COMPARISION BETWEEN ASME SEC.

IX AND AWS D1

Welding codes are designed to improve the quality and efficiency of welding and are used to qualifiy welders.

The most obvious difference between ASME Section IX and AWS D1.1 is that D1.1 addresses fabrication,Inspec
ASME is specifically for welder and welding procedure qualification.

ASME SEC.IX

QG-100 SCOPE
(a) This Section contains requirements for the qualification
of welders, welding operators, brazers, brazing operators,
plastic fusing operators, and the material joining
processes they use during welding, brazing, and fusing
operations for the construction of components under
the rules of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
the ASME B31 Codes for Pressure Piping, and other
Codes, standards, and specifications that reference this
Section. This Section is divided into four parts.
(1) Part QG contains general requirements for all
material-joining processes.
(2) Part QW contains requirements for welding.
(3) Part QB contains requirements for brazing.
(4) Part QF contains requirements for plastic fusing.
(b) Whenever the referencing Code, standard, or specification
imposes requirements different than those given
in this Section, the requirements of the referencing Code,
standard, or specification shall take precedence over the
requirements of this Section.
(c) Some of the more common terms relating to material
joining processes are defined in QG-109. Whenever
the word “pipe” is used, “tube” shall also be applicable.
(d) New editions to Section IX may be used beginning
with the date of issuance and becomes mandatory 6
months after the date of issuance.
(e) Code Cases are permissible and may be used, beginning
with the date of approval by ASME. Only Code Cases
that are specifically identified as being applicable to this
Section may be used. At the time a Code Case is applied,
only the latest revision may be used. Code Cases that have
been incorporated into this Section or have been annulled
shall not be used for new qualifications, unless permitted
by the referencing Code. Qualifications using the provisions
of a Code Case remain valid after the Code Case is
annulled. The Code Case number shall be listed on the
qualification record(s).

QG-105 VARIABLES
QG-105.1 Essential Variables (Procedure). Essential
variables are conditions in which a change, as described
in the specific variables, is considered to affect the mechanical
properties (other than notch toughness) of the
joint. Before using a procedure specification whose essential
variables have been revised and fall outside their
qualified range, the procedure specification must be requalified.
Procedure qualification records may be changed
when a procedure qualification test supporting the
change has been completed, or when an editorial revision
is necessary to correct an error, as permitted by the rules
of the Part applicable to the material-joining process.

variables are conditions in which a change, as described

in the specific variable list, will affect the ability
of the person to produce a sound joint.
QG-105.3 Supplementary Essential Variables. Supplementary
essential variables are conditions in which a
change will affect the toughness properties of the joint,
heat-affected zone, or base material. Supplementary
essential variables become additional essential variables
in situations where procedure qualifications require
toughness testing. When procedure qualification does
not require the addition of toughness testing, supplementary
essential variables are not applicable. See QW-401.1.
QG-105.4 Nonessential Variables. Nonessential
variables are conditions in which a change, as described
in the specific variables, is not considered to affect the
mechanical properties of the joint. These variables shall
be addressed in the procedure specification, as required
by QG-101.
A procedure specification may be editorially revised to
change a nonessential variable to fall outside of its previously
listed range, but does not require requalification
of the procedure specification.
QW-403 BASE METALS
QW-403.1 A change from a base metal listed under
one P‐Number in Table QW/QB-422 to a metal listed under
another P‐Number or to any other base metal. When
joints are made between two base metals that have different
P‐Numbers, a procedure qualification shall be made
for the applicable combination of P‐Numbers, even
though qualification tests have been made for each of
the two base metals welded to itself.

1. BASE METAL GROUP COMPARISION BETWEEN AWS D1.1 & A

AWS D1.1(Table 3.1)

Spec No. As per AWS D1.1 Type of grade AWS Group No.

≤ 20MM I
ASTM A 36
>20MM II
ASTM A 53 Gr.B I
ASTM A 106 Gr.B I
A,B,CS,D,DS,E I
ASTM A 131 AH32,DH32,EH32,
I
AH36,DH36,EH36
ASTM A 139 Gr.B I
ASTM A 381 Gr.Y35 I
ASTM A 441 - II
A I
ASTM A 500
B,C I
ASTM A 501 - I
55,60 I
ASTM A 516 65 II
70 II
ASTM A 524 I & II I

ASTM A 529 50 & 55 II

ASTM A 537 Class 1 II

 42,50 II
ASTM A 572
55 II
ASTM A 588 100mm and under I
36 ≤ 20MM I
ASTM A 709
36 ≥ 20MM II
ASTM A 709 50,50W,50S II
ASTM A 710 Gr. A,Class 2 > 50mm II
ASTM A 808 65mm and under II
ASTM A 913 Gr.50 II
ASTM A 992 - II
33 Type 1 I
ASTM A 1008 SS
40 Type 1 I
45 Class 1 & 2 II
ASTM A 1008 HSLAS 50 Class 1 & 2 II
55 Class 1 & 2 II
ASTM A 1008 HSLAS-F Grade 50 II

30,33,36 Type 1 I
ASTM A 1011 SS
40,45 I

API 5L X42 I

ABS A,B,D,CS,DS I
45 Class 1 & 2 II
ASTM A 1011 HSLAS 50 Class 1 & 2 II
55 Class 1 & 2 II
ASTM A 1011 HSLAS-F 50 II
ASTM A 1011 SS 50 & 55 II
45 Class 1 & 2 II
ASTM A 1018 HSLAS 50 Class 1 & 2 II
55 Class 1 & 2 II
ASTM A 1018 HSLAS-F 50 II
ASTM A 1018 SS 30,33,36 & 40 II
API 2H 42 & 50 II
API 2MT1 50 II
API 2W 42,50 & 50T II
API 2Y 42,50 & 50T II
API 5L X52 II
AH32,DH32,EH32,
ABS II
AH36,DH36,EH36
API 2W 60 III
 API 2Y 60 III
ASTM A 537 Class 2 III
60 III
ASTM A 572
65 III
ASTM A 633 Gr. E III
Gr.A Class 2 ≤ 50mm III
ASTM A 710
Gr.A Class 3 > 50mm III
ASTM A 913 60 & 65 III
60 Class 2 III
ASTM A 1018 HSLAS
70 Class 2 III
60 Class 2 III
ASTM A 1018 HSLAS-F
70 Class 2 III
ASTM A 709 Gr. HPS70W IV
ASTM A 852 Gr. HPS70W IV

2.FILLER METAL GROUP COMPARISION BETWEEN AWS D1.1(Table 3.1) & ASM

AWS D1.1(Table 3.1)

AWS
PROCESS ELECTRODE ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATION
SPECFICATION
E60XX,70XX
A5.1 E7015,E7016,E7018
E7028
E70XX-X
SMAW
E7015-X,E7016-X,E7018-X
A5.5 E8015-X, E8016-X, E8018-X

E9015-X, E9016-X,
E9018-X, E9018M

F6XX-EXXX, F6XX-ECXXX
F7XX-FXXX, F7XX-FCXXX
A5.17

F7XX-EXXX. F7XX-ECXXX

F7XX-EXXX-XX,
SAW F7XX-ECXXX-XX

A5.23
SAW

F7XX-EXXX-XX.
F7XX ECXXX XX
A5.23
F8XX-EXXX-XX,
F8XX-ECXXX-XX

F9XX-EXXX-XX,
F9XX-ECXXX-XX

ER70S-X, E70C-XC,
E70C-XM (Electrodes with the
-GS suffix shall be excluded)

A5.18
ER70S-X, E70C XC,
F70C-XM (Flectrodes with
GMAW the -GS suffix shall be excluded)

ER70S-XXX. E70C-XXX
ER70S-XXX. E70C-XXX
A5.28
ER80S-XXX,E80C-XXX
ER90S-XXX, E90C-XXX

E7XT-X, E7XT-XC, E7XT-XM

(Electrodes with the -2C, -2M, -3,
-10, -13, -14, and -GS suffix
A5.20 shall be excluded and electrodes
with the -11 suffix shall be excluded
for thicknesses greater than
1/2 in [12 mm])

E7XT-X, E7XT-XC, E7XT-XM

(Electrodes with the -2C, -2M, -3,
-10, -13, -14, and -GS suffix
FCAW A5.20 shall be excluded and electrodes
with the -11 suffix shall be excluded
for thicknesses greater than
1/2 in [12 mm])

E6XTX-X, E6XTX-XC,
E6XT-XM, E7XTX-X,
E7XTX-XC, E7XTX-XM

A5.29 E7XTX-X, E7XTX-XC, E7XTX-XM

E8XTX-X, E8XTX-XC
E8XTX-XM
E9XTX-X, E9XTX-XC, E9XTX-XM
 ASME SEC.IX
QW-423 ALTERNATE BASE MATERIALS FOR
WELDER QUALIFICATION
Base Metals for Welder Qualified Production Base
Qualification Metals

P‐No. 1 through P‐No. 15F, P‐No. 1 through P‐No. 15F,

P‐No. 34, or P‐No. 41 P‐No. 34, and P‐No. 41
through P‐No. 49 through P‐No. 49

P‐No. 21 through P‐No. 26 P‐No. 21 through P‐No. 26

P‐No. 51 through P‐No. 53 or P‐No. 51 through P‐No. 53 and

P‐No. 61 or P‐No. 62 P‐No. 61 and P‐No. 62

Any unassigned metal to the The unassigned metal to itself

same unassigned metal

Any unassigned metal to any The unassigned metal to any

P-Number metal metal assigned to the same
P-Number as the qualified
metal
Any unassigned metal to any The first unassigned metal to
other unassigned metal the second unassigned
metal

QW-100 SCOPE 4.2 General

The rules in this Part apply to the preparation of Welding The requirements for qualification testing of WPSs a
Procedure Specifications (WPS) and the qualification welding personnel (defined as welders, welding ope
of welding procedures, welders, and welding operators and tack welders) are described in this section.
for all types of manual and machine welding processes
4.2.1 Welding Procedure
Specification (WPS). Except
permitted in this Part. These rules may also be applied, insofar for prequalified WPSs in conformance with Clause 3
as they are applicable, to other manual or machine WPS for use in production welding shall be qualified
welding processes permitted in other Sections. in conformance with Clause 4, Part B. Properly docu
evidence of previous WPS qualification may be
QW-101 used.
A WPS used by an organization that will have responsible 4.2.1.2 WPS Qualification to Other Stand
operational control of production welding shall be a The acceptability of qualification to other standards
WPS that has been qualified by that organization in accordance the Engineer's responsibility, to be exercised based
with Article II, or it shall be an AWS Standard Welding the specific structure, or service conditions, or both.
Procedure Specification (SWPS) listed in Mandatory AWS B2.I-X-XXX Series on Standard Welding Procedu
Appendix E and adopted by that organization in accordance Specifications may, in this manner, be accepted for
with Article V. use in this code.
Both WPSs and SWPSs specify the variables (including
ranges, if any) under which welding must be performed. 4.2.2 Performance Qualification of Weld
These conditions include the base metals that are permitted, Welders, welding operators and tack welders to be
the filler metals that must be used (if any), preheat employed under this code, and using the shielded ar
and postweld heat treatment requirements, etc. welding SMAW, SAW, GiViAW, GTAW, FCAW, ESW,
or EGW processes, shall have been qualified by the a
QW-102 tests as described in Part C of this section (see
In performance qualification, the basic criterion established Commentary).
for welder qualification is to determine the
welder’s ability to deposit sound weld metal. The purpose
of the performance qualification test for the welding operator
is to determine the welding operator’s mechanical
ability to operate the welding equipment.

QW-103 RESPONSIBILITY 4.2.1.1 Qualification Responsibility.

QW-103.1 Welding. Each organization shall conduct Each manufacturer or Contractor shall conduct the t
the tests required in this Section to qualify the welding this code to qualify the WPS. Properly documented
procedures used in the construction of the weldments WPSs qualified under the provisions of this code by
built under this Code and the performance of welders company that later has a name change due to volun
and welding operators who apply these procedures. action or consolidation with a parent company may
QW-103.2 Records. Each organization shall maintain the new name on its WPS documents while maintain
a record of the results obtained in welding procedure and the supporting PQR qualification records with the
welder and welding operator performance qualifications. old company name.
Refer to recommended Forms in Nonmandatory Appendix
B.

QW-110 WELD ORIENTATION

The orientations of welds are illustrated in
Figure QW-461.1 or Figure QW-461.2.

QW-120 TEST POSITIONS FOR GROOVE 4.3.4 Positions of Welds. All welds shall be cl
WELDS as flat (F), horizontal (H), vertical (V), and overhead
Groove welds may be made in test coupons oriented in (OH), in conformance with the definitions shown in
any of the positions in Figure QW-461.3 or Figure 4.1 and 4.2.
QW-461.4 and as described in the following paragraphs, Test assembly positions are shown in:
except that an angular deviation of ±15 deg from the specified (1) Figure 4.3 (groove welds in plate)
horizontal and vertical planes, and an angular deviation (2) Figure 4.4 (groove welds in pipe or tubing)
of ±5 deg from the specified inclined plane are (3) Figure 4.5 (fillet welds in plate)
permitted during welding. (4) Figure 4.6 (fillet welds in pipe or tubing)

QW-121 PLATE POSITIONS 4.4 Production Welding Positions

QW-121.1 Flat Position 1G. Plate in a horizontal Qualified
plane with the weld metal deposited from above. Refer The production welding positions qualified by a WPS
to Figure QW-461.3, illustration (a). shall conform to the requirements of Table 4.1.
QW-121.2 Horizontal Position 2G. Plate in a vertical
plane with the axis of the weld horizontal. Refer to Figure
QW-461.3, illustration (b).
QW-121.3 Vertical Position 3G. Plate in a vertical
plane with the axis of the weld vertical. Refer to Figure
QW-461.3, illustration (c).
QW-121.4 Overhead Position 4G. Plate in a horizontal
plane with the weld metal deposited from underneath.
Refer to Figure QW-461.3, illustration (d).

QW-122 PIPE POSITIONS

QW-122.1 Flat Position 1G. Pipe with its axis horizontal
and rolled during welding so that the weld metal
is deposited from above. Refer to Figure QW-461.4, illustration
(a).
QW-122.2 Horizontal Position 2G. Pipe with its axis
vertical and the axis of the weld in a horizontal plane. Pipe
shall not be rotated during welding. Refer to Figure
QW-461.4, illustration (b).
QW-122.3 Multiple Position 5G. Pipe with its axis
horizontal and with the welding groove in a vertical plane.
Welding shall be done without rotating the pipe. Refer to
Figure QW-461.4, illustration (c).
QW-122.4 Multiple Position 6G. Pipe with its axis inclined
at 45 deg to horizontal. Welding shall be done without
rotating the pipe. Refer to Figure QW-461.4,
illustration (d).

QW-123 TEST POSITIONS FOR STUD WELDS

QW-123.1 Stud Welding. Stud welds may be made in
test coupons oriented in any of the positions as described
in QW-121 for plate and QW-122 for pipe (excluding
QW-122.1). In all cases, the stud shall be perpendicular
to the surface of the plate or pipe. See Figures
QW-461.7 and QW-461.8.

QW-124 SPECIAL POSITIONS

QW-124.1 Test positions other than those defined in
QW-120 through QW-123 are defined as “special
positions.”

QW-130 TEST POSITIONS FOR FILLET

WELDS
Fillet welds may be made in test coupons oriented in
any of the positions of Figure QW-461.5 or Figure
QW-461.6, and as described in the following paragraphs,
except that an angular deviation of ±15 deg from the specified
horizontal and vertical planes is permitted during
welding.
QW-131 PLATE POSITIONS
QW-131.1 Flat Position 1F. Plates so placed that the
weld is deposited with its axis horizontal and its throat
vertical. Refer to Figure QW-461.5, illustration (a).
QW-131.2 Horizontal Position 2F. Plates so placed
that the weld is deposited with its axis horizontal on
the upper side of the horizontal surface and against the
vertical surface. Refer to Figure QW-461.5, illustration
(b).
QW-131.3 Vertical Position 3F. Plates so placed that
the weld is deposited with its axis vertical. Refer to Figure
QW-461.5, illustration (c).
QW-131.4 Overhead Position 4F. Plates so placed
that the weld is deposited with its axis horizontal on
the underside of the horizontal surface and against the
vertical surface. Refer to Figure QW-461.5, illustration
(d).
QW-132 PIPE POSITIONS
QW-132.1 Flat Position 1F. Pipe with its axis inclined
at 45 deg to horizontal and rotated during welding so that
the weld metal is deposited from above and at the point of
deposition the axis of the weld is horizontal and the
throat vertical. Refer to Figure QW-461.6, illustration (a).
QW-132.2 Horizontal Positions 2F and 2FR.
(a) Position 2F. Pipe with its axis vertical so that the
weld is deposited on the upper side of the horizontal surface
and against the vertical surface. The axis of the weld
will be horizontal and the pipe is not to be rotated during
welding. Refer to Figure QW-461.6, illustration (b).
(b) Position 2FR. Pipe with its axis horizontal and the
axis of the deposited weld in the vertical plane. The pipe
is rotated during welding. Refer to Figure QW-461.6, illustration
(c).
QW-132.3 Overhead Position 4F. Pipe with its axis
vertical so that the weld is deposited on the underside
of the horizontal surface and against the vertical surface.
The axis of the weld will be horizontal and the pipe is not
to be rotated during welding. Refer to Figure QW-461.6,
illustration (d).
QW-132.4 Multiple Position 5F. Pipe with its axis
horizontal and the axis of the deposited weld in the vertical
plane. The pipe is not to be rotated during welding. Refer
to Figure QW-461.6, illustration (e).
QW-133 SPECIAL POSITIONS
QW-133.1 Test positions other than those defined in
QW-130 through QW-132 are defined as “special
positions.”

QW-140 TYPES AND PURPOSES OF TESTS 4.5 Type of Qualification Tests

AND EXAMINATIONS The type and number of qualification tests required
QW-141 MECHANICAL TESTS qualify a WPS for a given thickness, diameter, or bot
Mechanical tests used in procedure or performance shall conform to Table 4.2 (CJP), Table 4.3 (PJP) or
qualification are specified in QW-141.1 through Table 4.4 (fillet). Details on the individual NDT and
QW-141.5. mechanical test requirements are found in the follow
QW-141.1 Tension Tests. Tension tests as described subclauses:
in QW-150 are used to determine the ultimate strength (1) Visual Inspection (see 4.9.1)
of groove‐weld joints. (2) NDT (see 4.9.2)
QW-141.2 Guided-Bend Tests. Guided‐bend tests as (3) Face, root and side bend (see 4.9.3.1)
described in QW-160 are used to determine the degree (4) Reduced Section Tension (see 4.9.3.4)
of soundness and ductility of groove‐weld joints. (5) All-Weld-Metal Tension (see 4.9.3.6)
QW-141.3 Fillet-Weld Tests. Tests as described in (6) Macroetch (see 4.9.4)
QW-180 are used to determine the size, contour, and degree
of soundness of fillet welds.
QW-141.4 Notch-Toughness Tests. Tests as described
in QW-171 and QW-172 are used to determine
the notch toughness of the weldment.
QW-141.5 Stud-Weld Test. Deflection bend, hammering,
torque, or tension tests as shown in Figures
QW-466.4, QW-466.5, and QW-466.6, and a macroexamination
performed in accordance with QW-202.5, respectively,
are used to determine acceptability of stud
welds.
SEC.IX AND AWS D1.1

ed to qualifiy welders.

esses fabrication,Inspection,and welder and welding procedure qualification.

AWS D1.1

1.1 Scope
This code contains the requirements for fabricating and
erecting welded steel structures. When this code is stipulated
in contract documents, conformance with all provisions
of the code shall be required, except for those
provisions that the Engineer (see 1.4.1) or contract documents
specifically modifies or exempts.
The following is a summary of the code clauses:
1. General Requirements. This clause contains basic
information on the scope and limitations of the code, key
definitions, and the major responsibilities of the parties
involved with steel fabrication.
2. Design of Welded Connections. This clause contains
requirements for the design of welded connections composed
of tubular, or nontubular, product form members.
3. Prequalification. This clause contains the requirements
for exempting a WPS (Welding Procedure Specification)
from the WPS qualification requirements of this
code.
4. Qualification. This clause contains the requirements
for WPS qualification and the qualification tests required
to be passed by all welding personnel (welders, welding
operators, and tack welders) to perform welding in accordance
with this code.
5. Fabrication. This clause contains general fabrication
and erection requirements applicable to welded steel structures
governed by this code, including the requirements for
base metals, welding consumables, welding technique,
welded details, material preparation and assembly, workmanship,
weld repair, and other requirements.
6. Inspection. This clause contains criteria for the qualifications
and responsibilities of inspectors, acceptance
criteria for production welds, and standard procedures
for performing visual inspection and NDT (nondestructive
testing).
7. Stud Welding. This clause contains the requirement
for the welding of studs to structural steel.
8. Strengthening and Repair of Existing Structures.
This clause contains basic information pertinent to the
welded modification or repair of existing steel structures.

C-4.8 Essential Variables

This code allows some degree of departure from the variables
used to qualify a WPS. However, departure from
variables which affect the mechanical or chemical composition
of material properties, or soundness of the weldment
shall not be allowed without requalification. These
latter variables are referred to as essential variables. The
base metal essential variables are listed in 4.8.3. The
welding process essential variables are listed in 4.8.l.
The positions of test welds are listed in 4.3.4. Changes in
these variables beyond the variation allowed by the subject
subclauses shall require requalification of the WPS.
Similarly, changes beyond those shown in 4.8.2 require
requalification using RT or UT only.
These essential variables are to be specific in the WPS
document and followed in welding fabrication.
Table 4.6 lists the supplementary essential variable requirements
for POR qualification where CVN testing is
required by contract documents. The requirements of
Table 4.6 are in addition to the essential variable requirements
of Table 4.5. The essential variable requirements
of Table 4.5 should be fully met for procedure qualification
without CVN testing and the essential variables of
Table 4.6 should be fully met to further qualify the POR
to meet CVN testing requirements. The requirements of
Table 4.6 do not change any of the requirements in Table
4.5. In Table 4.6, the Essential Variable on line 6 eliminates
the need for CVN testing in all positions but does
not change the requirements of Table 4.5 regarding welding
positions. All WPS qualification requirements for
strength and soundness according to Table 4.5 are still
required.
WEEN AWS D1.1 & ASME SEC. IX.

ASME Sec.IX(QW/QB-422)

ASME Sec.IX
ASME Sec.IX Group No. REMARKS
P- No.
1 I
1 I
1 I
1 I
N.A N.A

N.A N.A

1 I
1 I
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
1 I
1 I
1 I
1 I
1 II
1 I

N.A N.A

1 II
1 I
N.A N.A
3 I
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
1 I
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
1 I

N.A N.A

N.A N.A
 N.A N.A
1 III
1 II
N.A N.A
1 III
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A
N.A N.A

1.1(Table 3.1) & ASME SEC. IX(Table QW-432).

ASME Sec.IX(QW/QB-422)

AWS ASME SEC. IX

GROUP No. ASME SPECIFICATION F-No.

I SFA-5.1 4
II SFA-5.1 4
II SFA-5.1 1
I SFA-5.5 4
II SFA-5.5 4
III SFA-5.5 4

IV SFA-5.5 4

I SFA5.17 6

II SFA5.17 6

I SFA5.23 6
II SFA5.23 6

III SFA5.23 6

IV SFA5.23 6

I SFA5.18 6

II SFA5.18 6

I SFA5.18 6
II SFA5.18 6
III SFA5.18 6
IV SFA5.18 6

I SFA5.20 6

II SFA5.20 6

I SFA5.29 6

II SFA5.29 6

III SFA5.29 6

IV SFA5.29 6
fication testing of WPSs and
d as welders, welding operators,
ribed in this section.

nformance with Clause 3, a

welding shall be qualified
e 4, Part B. Properly documented
qualification may be
ation to Other Standards.
cation to other standards is
y, to be exercised based upon
ervice conditions, or both.
Standard Welding Procedure
manner, be accepted for

ualification of Welding Personnel.

s and tack welders to be
and using the shielded arc
AW, GTAW, FCAW, ESW,
ve been qualified by the applicable
of this section (see

Responsibility.
tractor shall conduct the tests required by
S. Properly documented
provisions of this code by a
ame change due to voluntary
h a parent company may utilize
documents while maintaining

cation records with the

elds. All welds shall be classified

ertical (V), and overhead
the definitions shown in Figures

s in pipe or tubing)

n pipe or tubing)

ing Positions

sitions qualified by a WPS

ements of Table 4.1.
tion Tests
ualification tests required to
hickness, diameter, or both,
(CJP), Table 4.3 (PJP) or
n the individual NDT and
nts are found in the following

d (see 4.9.3.1)
on (see 4.9.3.4)
(see 4.9.3.6)
 SECIX AWS D1.1
BaseMetal(s)Usedfor 3.3 Base MetallFiller Met
ProcedureQualification

Coupon BaseMetalsQualified

OnemetalfromaP‐Numberto Anymetalsassignedthat Only base metals and filler metals listed in Table 3
anymetalfromthesame P‐Number may be used in prequalified WPSs. (For the qualifi
P‐Number of listed base metals and filler metals, and for base
OnemetalfromaP‐Numberto Anymetalassignedthefirst metals and filler metals not listed in Table 3.1, see
anymetalfromanyother P‐Numbertoanymetal 4.~.1.)
P‐Number assignedthesecond The base metal/filler metal strength relationships
P‐Number shall be used in conjunction with Table 3.1 to dete
OnemetalfromP‐No.15Eto AnyP‐No.15Eor5Bmetalto whether matching or undermatching filler metals
anymetalfromP‐No.15E anymetalassignedP‐No. required.
15Eor5B

OnemetalfromP‐No.15Eto AnyP‐No.15Eor5Bmetalto

anymetalfromanyother anymetalassignedthe

P‐Number secondP‐Number

OnemetalfromP‐No.3toany AnyP‐No.3metaltoanymetal

metalfromP‐No.3 assignedP‐No.3or1

OnemetalfromP‐No.4toany AnyP‐No.4metaltoanymetal

metalfromP‐No.4 assignedP‐No.4,3,or1

OnemetalfromP‐No.5Ato AnyP‐No.5Ametaltoany

anymetalfromP‐No.5A metalassignedP‐No.5A,4,

3,or1

OnemetalfromP‐No.5Atoa AnyP‐No.5Ametaltoany

metalfromP‐No.4,orP‐No. metalassignedtoP‐No.4,3,

3,orP‐No.1 or1

OnemetalfromP‐No.4toa AnyP‐No.4metaltoanymetal

metalfromP‐No.3orP‐No. assignedtoP‐No.3or1

Anyunassignedmetaltothe Theunassignedmetaltoitself

sameunassignedmetal

Anyunassignedmetaltoany Theunassignedmetaltoany

P‐Numbermetal metalassignedtothesame

P‐Numberasthequalified

metal

Anyunassignedmetaltoany Theunassignedmetaltoany

metalfromP‐No.15E metalassignedP‐No.15Eor

5B

Anyunassignedmetaltoany Thefirstunassignedmetalto

otherunassignedmetal thesecondunassigned

metal
 AWS D1.1
3.3 Base MetallFiller Metal
Combinations

als and filler metals listed in Table 3.1

n prequalified WPSs. (For the qualification
metals and filler metals, and for base
er metals not listed in Table 3.1, see

al/filler metal strength relationships below

n conjunction with Table 3.1 to determine
hing or undermatching filler metals are
 ASME SEC.IX

QW-140 TYPES AND PURPOSES OF TESTS

AND EXAMINATIONS
QW-141 MECHANICAL TESTS
Mechanical tests used in procedure or performance
qualification are specified in QW-141.1 through
QW-141.5.
QW-141.1 Tension Tests. Tension tests as described
in QW-150 are used to determine the ultimate strength
of groove‐weld joints.
QW-141.2 Guided-Bend Tests. Guided‐bend tests as
described in QW-160 are used to determine the degree
of soundness and ductility of groove‐weld joints.
QW-141.3 Fillet-Weld Tests. Tests as described in
QW-180 are used to determine the size, contour, and degree
of soundness of fillet welds.
QW-141.4 Notch-Toughness Tests. Tests as described
in QW-171 and QW-172 are used to determine
the notch toughness of the weldment.
QW-141.5 Stud-Weld Test. Deflection bend, hammering,
torque, or tension tests as shown in Figures
QW-466.4, QW-466.5, and QW-466.6, and a macroexamination
performed in accordance with QW-202.5, respectively,
are used to determine acceptability of stud
welds.

QW-150 TENSION TESTS

QW-151 SPECIMENS
Tension test specimens shall conform to one of the
types illustrated in Figures QW-462.1(a) through
QW-462.1(e) and shall meet the requirements of
QW-153.
QW-153 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA — TENSION
TESTS
QW-153.1 Tensile Strength. Minimum values for procedure
qualification are provided under the column heading
“Minimum Specified Tensile, ksi ” of Table
QW/QB-422. In order to pass the tension test, the specimen
shall have a tensile strength that is not less than
(a) the minimum specified tensile strength of the base
metal; or
(b) the minimum specified tensile strength of the
weaker of the two, if base metals of different minimum
tensile strengths are used; or
(c) the minimum specified tensile strength of the weld
metal when the applicable Section provides for the use of
weld metal having lower room temperature strength than
the base metal;
(d) if the specimen breaks in the base metal outside of
the weld or weld interface, the test shall be accepted as
meeting the requirements, provided the strength is not
more than 5% below the minimum specified tensile
strength of the base metal.
(e) the specified minimum tensile strength is for full
thickness specimens including cladding for Aluminum Alclad
materials (P‐No. 21 through P‐No. 23) less than 1/2 in.
(13 mm). For Aluminum Alclad materials 1/2 in. (13 mm)
and greater, the specified minimum tensile strength is
for both full thickness specimens that include cladding
and specimens taken from the core.

QW-160 GUIDED-BEND TESTS

QW-161 SPECIMENS
Guided‐bend test specimens shall be prepared by cutting
the test plate or pipe to form specimens of approximately
rectangular cross section. The cut surfaces shall
be designated the sides of the specimen. The other two
surfaces shall be called the face and root surfaces, the face
surface having the greater width of weld. The specimen
thickness and bend radius are shown in Figures
QW-466.1, QW-466.2, and QW-466.3. Guided‐bend specimens
are of five types, depending on whether the axis of
the weld is transverse or parallel to the longitudinal axis
of the specimen, and which surface (side, face, or root) is
on the convex (outer) side of bent specimen. The five
types are defined as follows.

QW-163 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA — BEND TESTS

The weld and heat‐affected zone of a transverse weldbend
specimen shall be completely within the bent portion
of the specimen after testing.
The guided‐bend specimens shall have no open discontinuity
in the weld or heat‐affected zone exceeding 1/8 in.
(3 mm), measured in any direction on the convex surface
of the specimen after bending. Open discontinuities occurring
on the corners of the specimen during testing
shall not be considered unless there is definite evidence
that they result from lack of fusion, slag inclusions, or
other internal discontinuities. For corrosion‐resistant
weld overlay cladding, no open discontinuity exceeding
1/16 in. (1.5 mm), measured in any direction, shall be permitted
in the cladding, and no open discontinuity exceeding
1/8 in. (3 mm) shall be permitted along the
approximate weld interface.

QW-170 NOTCH-TOUGHNESS TESTS

QW-171 NOTCH-TOUGHNESS TESTS — CHARPY
V-NOTCH
QW-171.1 General. Charpy V-notch impact tests shall
be made when required by referencing codes. Test procedures
and apparatus shall conform to the requirements of
the referencing code. When not specified by the referencing
code, the test procedures and apparatus shall conform
to the requirements of SA-370.
QW-171.2 Acceptance. The acceptance criteria shall
be in accordance with that Section specifying impact
requirements.
QW-171.3 Location and Orientation of Test Specimen.
The impact test specimen and notch location and orientation
shall be as given in the Section requiring such
tests.
When qualifying pipe in the 5G or 6G position, the
notch‐toughness specimens shall be removed from the
shaded portion of Figure QW-463.1(f).
QW-172 NOTCH-TOUGHNESS TESTS — DROP
WEIGHT
QW-172.1 General. Drop-weight tests shall be made
when required by referencing codes. Test procedures
and apparatus shall conform to the requirements of the
referencing code. When not specified by the referencing
code, the test procedures and apparatus shall conform
to the requirements of ASTM specification E208.
QW-172.2 Acceptance. The acceptance criteria shall
be in accordance with that Section requiring drop weight
tests.
QW-172.3 Location and Orientation of Test Specimen.
The drop weight test specimen, the crack starter location,
and the orientation shall be as given in the Section
requiring such tests.
When qualifying pipe in the 5G or 6G position, the
notch‐toughness specimens shall be removed from the
shaded portion of Figure QW-463.1(f).
QW-180 FILLET-WELD TESTS
QW-181 PROCEDURE AND PERFORMANCE
QUALIFICATION SPECIMENS
QW-181.1 Procedure. The dimensions and preparation
of the fillet‐weld test coupon for procedure qualification
as required in QW-202 shall conform to the
requirements in Figure QW-462.4(a) or Figure
QW-462.4(d). The test coupon for plate‐to‐plate shall be
cut transversely to provide five test specimen sections,
each approximately 2 in. (50 mm) long. For pipe‐to‐plate
or pipe‐to‐pipe, the test coupon shall be cut transversely
to provide four approximately equal test specimen sections.
The test specimens shall be macro‐examined to
the requirements of QW-183.

QW-184 MACRO-EXAMINATION —
PERFORMANCE SPECIMENS
The cut end of one of the end plate sections, approximately
1 in. (25 mm) long, in Figure QW-462.4(b) or
the cut end of one of the pipe quarter sections in Figure
QW-462.4(c), as applicable, shall be smoothed and etched
with a suitable etchant (see QW-470) to give a clear definition
of the weld metal and heat affected zone. In order
to pass the test
(a) visual examination of the cross section of the weld
metal and heat‐affected zone shall show complete fusion
and freedom from cracks, except that linear indications at
the root not exceeding 1/32 in. (0.8 mm) shall be
acceptable
(b) the weld shall not have a concavity or convexity
greater than 1/16 in. (1.5 mm)
(c) there shall be not more than 1/8 in. (3 mm) difference
in the lengths of the legs of the fillet
 AWS D1.1

4.5 Type of Qualification Tests

The type and number of qualification tests required to
qualify a WPS for a given thickness, diameter, or both,
shall conform to Table 4.2 (CJP), Table 4.3 (PJP) or
Table 4.4 (fillet). Details on the individual NDT and
mechanical test requirements are found in the following
subclauses:
(1) Visual Inspection (see 4.9.1)
(2) NDT (see 4.9.2)
(3) Face, root and side bend (see 4.9.3.1)
(4) Reduced Section Tension (see 4.9.3.4)
(5) All-Weld-Metal Tension (see 4.9.3.6)
(6) Macroetch (see 4.9.4)

4.9.1 Visual Inspection of Welds. The visual acceptable

qualification for qualification of groove and fillet welds
(excluding weld tabs) shall conform to the following requirements,
as applicable:
4.9.1.1 Visual Inspection of Groove Welds. Groove
welds shall meet the following requirements:
(1) Any crack shall be unacceptable, regardless of
size.
(2) All craters shall be filled to the full cross section
of the weld.
(3) Weld reinforcement shall not exceed 1/8 in
[3 mm]. The weld profile shall conform to Figure 5.4
and shall have complete fusion.
(4) Undercut shall not exceed 1/32 in [1 mm].
(5) The weld root for CJP grooves shall be inspected,
and shall not have any cracks, incomplete fusion, or inadequate
joint penetration.
(6) For CJP grooves welded from one side without
backing, root concavity or melt through shall conform to
the following:
(a) The maximum root concavity shall be 1/16 in
[2 mm], provided the total weld thickness is equal to or
greater than that of the base metal.
(b) The maximum melt-through shall be 1/8 in
[3 mm] except for tubular T-, Y-, and K-connections,
where melt through is not limited.
4.9.1.2 Visual Inspection of Fillet Welds. Fillet
welds shall meet the following requirements:
(1) Any crack shall be unacceptable, regardless of
size.
(2) All craters shall be filled to the full cross section
of the weld.
(3) The fillet weld leg sizes shall not be less than the
required leg sizes.
(4) The weld profile shall meet the requirements of
Figure 5.4.

(5) Base metal undercut shall not exceed 1/32 in

[I mm].
4.9.2 NDT. Before preparing mechanical test specimens,
the qualification test plate, pipe, or tubing shall be
nondestructively tested for soundness as follows:
4.9.2.1 RT or UT. Either RT or UT shall be used.
The entire length of the weld in test plates, except the
discard lengths at each end, shall be examined in conformance
with Clause 6, Part E or F. For tubulars, the
full circumference of the completed weld shall be examined
in conformance with Clause 6, Part C.
4.9.2.2 RT or UT Acceptance Criteria. For acceptable
qualification, the weld, as revealed by RT or UT,
shall conform to the requirements of Clause 6, Part C.
4.9.3 Mechanical Testing. Mechanical testing shall be
as follows:
4.9.3.1 Root, Face, and Side Bend Specimens (see
Figure 4.12 for root and face bends, Figure 4.13 for side
bends). Each specimen shall be bent in a bend test jig
that meets the requirements shown in Figures 4.15
through 4.17 or is substantially in conformance with
those figures, provided the maximum bend radius is not
exceeded. Any convenient means may be used to move
the plunger member with relation to the die member.

4.9.3.3 Acceptance Criteria for Bend Tests. The

convex surface of the bend test specimen shall be
visually examined for surface discontinuities. For acceptance,
the surface shall contain no discontinuities exceeding
the following dimensions:
(1) 1/8 in 13 mm] measured in any direction on the
surface
(2) 3/8 in [I°mm]~the sum of the greatest dimensions
of all discontinuities exceeding 1/32 in 11 mm], but
less than or equal to 1/8 in 13 mm]
(3) 1/4 in 16 mm]--the maximum corner crack,
except when that corner crack results from visible slag
inclusion or other fusion type discontinuity, then the
1/8 in 13 mm] maximum shall apply
Specimens with corner cracks exceeding 1/4 in 16 mm]
with no evidence of slag inclusions or other fusion type
discontinuity shall be disregarded, and a replacement test
specimen from the original weldment shall be tested.
4.9.3.4 Reduced-Section Tension Specimens (see
Figure 4.14). Before testing, the least width and corresponding
thickness of the reduced section shall be measured.
The specimen shall be ruptured under tensile load,
and the maximum load shall be determined. The crosssectional
area shall be obtained by multiplying the width
by the thickness. The tensile strength shall be obtained by
dividing the maximum load by the cross-sectional area.
4.9.3.5 Acceptance Criteria for Reduced-Section
Tension Test. The tensile strength shall be no less than
the minimum of the specified tensile range of the base
metal used.

4.9.3.6 All-Weld-Metal Tension Specimen (see Figure

4.18). The test specimen shall be tested in conformance
with ASTM A 370, Mechanical Testing of Steel
Products.
4.9.4 Macroetch Test. The weld test specimens shall be
prepared with a finish suitable for macroetch examination.
A suitable solution shall be used for etching to give
a clear definition of the weld.
4.9.4.1 Acceptance Criteria for Macroetch Test.
For acceptable qualification, the test specimen, when
inspected visually, shall conform to the following
requirements:
(l) P1P groove welds; the actual weld size shall be
equal to or greater than the specified weld size, (E).
(2) Fillet welds shall have fusion to the root of the
joint, but not necessarily beyond
(3) Minimum leg size shall meet the specified fillet
weld size.
(4) The P1P groove welds and fillet welds shall have
the following:
(a) no cracks
(b) thorough fusion between adjacent layers of
weld metal and between weld metal and base metal
(c) weld profiles conforming to specified detail,
but with none of the variations prohibited in 5.24
(d) no undercut exceeding 1/32 in [I mm]