GENERAL PIPING DESIGN

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CLIENT : PT. BUKIT MAKMUR RESOURCES

CONSULTANT : PT. SIKO TECHNO
PROJECT NAME : DED EXPANSION NICKEL HEAP LEACH 5,000 T/Y
LOCATION : KABAENA ISLAND, SOUTH- EAST SULAWESI, INDONESIA
CONTRACT NO. : BMR/PRC/2022/VI/048/SKLR

A 08/08/2022 IFA AG VAN YYT

PREPARED BY CHECKED BY REVIEWED BY APPROVED BY

PT. BUKIT MAKMUR

Rev DATE DESCRIPTION PT. SIKO TECHNO RESOURCES
 GENERAL PIPING DESIGN

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REVISION SHEET

REV DATE DESCRIPTION

 GENERAL PIPING DESIGN

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TABLE OF CONTENT

SCOPE .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Codes ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Standard and Specification ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.3 General .................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 Line Numbering ....................................................................................................................................... 6
DESIGN CONDITION ................................................................................................................................... 6
3.1 Design Pressure and Temperature ......................................................................................................... 6
3.2 Pressure – Temperature Rating .............................................................................................................. 6
3.3 Other Condition........................................................................................................................................ 6
3.4 Corrosion Allowance ................................................................................................................................ 6
3.5 Nominal Size of Pipe ............................................................................................................................... 6
3.6 Minimum Wall Thickness Pipe ................................................................................................................. 7
3.7 Allowable Stress ...................................................................................................................................... 7
MATERIAL AND COMPONENT ................................................................................................................... 7
4.1 Material – General ................................................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Connection of Pipe and Fitting ................................................................................................................ 8
4.3 Bend and Elbow....................................................................................................................................... 8
4.4 Branch ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.5 Flange ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.6 End of Pipe Line ...................................................................................................................................... 9
4.7 Bolt & Nuts ............................................................................................................................................. 10
4.8 Gasket ................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.9 Valve ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
4.10 Strainer .................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.11 Thermal Insulation ................................................................................................................................. 11
4.12 Coating .................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.13 Adapter .................................................................................................................................................. 12
4.14 Special Item ........................................................................................................................................... 12
GENERAL PIPING LAYOUT ...................................................................................................................... 12
5.1 General .................................................................................................................................................. 12
5.2 Clearance .............................................................................................................................................. 12
5.3 Pipeway Clearance ................................................................................................................................ 13
5.4 Supports ................................................................................................................................................ 13
5.5 Pipe Rack .............................................................................................................................................. 14
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5.6 Underground Piping ............................................................................................................................... 14

5.7 Arrangement of Valve and etc ............................................................................................................... 14
EXAPNSION, CONTRACTION AND FLEXIBILITY .................................................................................... 15
6.1 General .................................................................................................................................................. 15
6.2 Flexibility Analysis Criteria ..................................................................................................................... 15
6.3 Consideration for Piping Analysis .......................................................................................................... 16
6.4 Allowable Load ...................................................................................................................................... 16
6.5 Allowable Stress Value .......................................................................................................................... 16
INSTALLATION STANDARD ...................................................................................................................... 17
7.1 Vent and Drain ....................................................................................................................................... 17
7.2 Instrument Hook Up ............................................................................................................................... 17
PIPING SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................................ 17
8.1 General Piping ....................................................................................................................................... 17
8.2 Sample Connection ............................................................................................................................... 18
8.3 Water System Piping ............................................................................................................................. 18
8.4 Air System ............................................................................................................................................. 18
EQUIPMENT PIPING .................................................................................................................................. 18
9.1 Vessel and Column Piping .................................................................................................................... 18
9.2 Pump Piping .......................................................................................................................................... 18
9.3 Storage Tank Piping .............................................................................................................................. 19
INSTRUMENT PIPING ................................................................................................................................ 19
10.1 Instrument Air Piping ............................................................................................................................. 19
10.2 Control Valve ......................................................................................................................................... 19
10.3 Level Instrument .................................................................................................................................... 19
10.4 Pressure Instrument .............................................................................................................................. 20
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SCOPE

This specification defines the minimum general requirements and material specifications for the
design of piping systems DED EXPANSION NICKEL HEAP LEACH 5.000 T/Y.

The CONTRACTOR shall ensure that all equipment and services supplied meet the requirements of
this specification, and the codes, standards and specifications nominated herein, and shall be applies
to the following project :

Client : PT. Bukit Makmur Resources

Consultant : PT. Siko Techno
Project Name : DED Expansion Nickel Heap Leach 5,000 T/Y
Location : Kabaena Island, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia
Contract No : BMR/PRC/2022/VI/048/SKLR

REFERENCE

The latest edition of following publications shall be considered as an integral part of this specification.
If there are any conflicts between these codes and other related documents, the more stringent
requirement shall govern.

2.1 Codes

Applicable code for this project accordance with ASME B31.3 Process Piping.

2.2 Standard and Specification

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineer

JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
ISO International Organization for Standardization
BS British Standard

2.3 General

a. Process & Instrument Diagram (P&ID)

The Piping shall be design as per P&ID and PFD
b. Piping Design
The metric system for dimensioning shall be adopted throughout this project. Pipe sizes
shall however be expressed in inches. And all design requirements must comply with this
document
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2.4 Line Numbering

The pipe line numbering system shall be formatted as per stated on P&ID.

DESIGN CONDITION

3.1 Design Pressure and Temperature

Design pressures and design temperatures shall be calculated and provided by

CONTRACTOR. All aspects of abnormal operating condition shall already been considered in
determining the design pressure and temperature of each line or part of the line.

3.2 Pressure – Temperature Rating

The pressure-temperature rating for piping shall be determined by the combination of the
severest design pressure and design temperature. The effects variations of pressure and
temperature may occur shall be determined by the designer to be safe over the service life of
the piping system by methods acceptable to the OWNER. Pressure-Temperature condition
must be as per Doc. No. BMR-PRS-LST-ST-001 Line List.

3.3 Other Condition

The items affecting to pipe strength such as influence from atmosphere, impact force, wind
pressure, earthquake force, vibration, fluctuating load, static load, thermal expansion and
shrinkage load, fluid reaction, etc. should be taken into consideration for piping design.
Evaluation of this influence is given by ASME B31.3. except specified in other applicable
codes.

3.4 Corrosion Allowance

The corrosion allowance of the each line piping system, shall be as per formatted doc. No
BMR-PRS-LST-ST-001 Line List..

3.5 Nominal Size of Pipe

a. Nominal size of pipe used in this project shall be based on JIS G-3454/ JIS-G-3459
notation. except specified in other applicable standard and as per approval written by BMR.
b. Minimum nominal size of piping material is 1/2” in principle. Unless otherwise stated.
c. Pipes below 1/2” shall not be used except for instrument piping, steam trace piping,
sampling piping, chemical injection line and small size piping around pumps.
d. Following nominal pipe size shall not be used in principle :
1 1/4” , 2 1/2”, 31/2”, 5” ,and 7” except where equipment connections are these
sizes. In such case, transitions to other commercial pipe size shall be made as close as
possible to the equipment connection.
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3.6 Minimum Wall Thickness Pipe

a. Wall Thickness of Metal Pipes

The wall thickness of metal pipe shall be determined on the basis of minimum wall
thickness obtained from ASME B31.3 and taking the corrosion allowance and the
manufacturing tolerance specified in the standards into consideration, however for handling
and storing purposes the minimum wall thickness shall be as follows :
 For Carbon Steel
1 ½” – Below : Sch 40
2” – 6” : Sch 40
8” – 14” : Sch 20
16” and above : 6.4mm

 For Stainless Steel

1 ½” – Below : Sch 10S
2” – 12” : Accordance with Wall Thickness Calculation
14” – above : 5mm
b. Wall Thickness of Non Metal Pipes
Non Metal Pipe such HDPE, FRP and PVC, wall thickness must be adjusted to the nominal
pressure (PN) and standard dimension ratio (SDR) for HDPE pipe. Wall thickness
calculation may be required as per vendor recommendation.

3.7 Allowable Stress

The allowable stress of each material shall conform to ASME B31.3.

In case of not being specified in ASME B31.3, the allowable stress shall be determined on the
basis of ASME Table A-1 Basic Allowable Stress or mechanical properties ensured by the
manufacturer, with taking the applicable codes and standards into consideration.

MATERIAL AND COMPONENT

The selection and the application of materials and parts for piping shall be made based on the
following provisions, as well as to conform to the applicable codes and standards.

4.1 Material – General

a. Provision Material
 Material shall follow JIS in principle.
When the material not provided in JIS is required, other standard such ASTM, ISO or
the manufacturer's standards can be used corresponding approval written by BMR.
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 Piping material specifications shall be governed by the max. operating condition of

pressure, temperature, corrosion allowance and compatibility with the contained
medium.
b. The details for individual piping component and material shall be in accordance with
specification of each piping component.
c. Piping system and their components made of special materials which are not covered by
any recognized code or standard authority shall be governed by accepted engineering and
industrial practice.

4.2 Connection of Pipe and Fitting

Connection methods of pipe and fitting shall be as follows in Principe :

a. Galvanized Steel Piping :
- Thread Joint for 1 ½” – Less (Except tapping connection, such olet etc)
- Butt weld for 2” – above.
b. Carbon Steel
- Socket welding for 1 ½” – less
- Butt welding for 2” – above
c. Stainless Steel
- Socket welding for 1 ½” – less
- Butt welding for 2” – above
d. Stainless Steel to carbon steel
- Butt welding for 2” – above (Wall thickness of both pipe SS and CS must be same)
e. Non Metallic Pipe
- Electric Fusion Weld (EFW) For HDPE Welding and as per provision requirement by
vendor
- For FRP and PVC adhesive socket Joining for pipe and fitting or as per provision
requirement by vendor.

4.3 Bend and Elbow

a. Elbow piece, pipe bend (smooth bend) or miter bend shall be used for change of piping
direction.
b. In generally, Long Radius elbow (1,5D) is used for all material type
c. Elbow piece shall be used generally. But even if pipe bend is specified as the standard
method, elbow piece also may be used when required.
Butt welding elbow shall be long radius elbow, unless otherwise specified.
Short elbow may be used where enough space can’t be obtained.
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d. Pipe bend radius shall be minimum 5D. In case of bending using electrical induction
heating, pipe bend radius shall be minimum 3D.
e. Miter bend may be applied for 12” & larger and up to PN 16. It shall be designed based on
the requirements in ASME B31.3. Miter bend may be used where enough space can’t be
obtained
4.4 Branch

a. Branch of piping shall be by means of tee piece, nozzle weld (including installation of
reinforcement plate) or O-let. The detailed branching methods are provided in the
“Standard Branch for Piping”.
b. In principle, standard branch angle shall be in the range of 90°- 45° to main pipe. Unless
otherwise, random angle in elbow may be used due to certain requirement, such as a
space, connect to equipment nozzle, etc.

4.5 Flange

a. Use of flange shall be minimized to the indispensable case, such as joint to equipment,
valve and etc.
However, for piping required a frequent removal of pipe and equipment due to maintenance
of plant, flange may be provided taking the maintenance method and the weight of piping
into consideration.
b. Flange shall also be provided in the following applications:
 To permit frequent dismantling and cleaning
 For Inspection
 For dismantling of equipment, such compressor etc.
 Piping which may not be field welded.
c. Dimension and face of flange shall be as per JIS B2220, other standard such ASME, ISO
can be used as per approval written by BMR.
d. In principle, Raise Face flange is used, however Flat face flange may be used for line that
have low pressure and low temperature (Ambient Temperature) or, on line PN16 piping
system with service such, water, slurry, air, non toxic containing service and not flammable.
e. Jack screw on flange may be used for certain handling, such removable orifice plate.

4.6 End of Pipe Line

a. End of header and piping system where future extension is not expected, the weld type
cap can be used for nominal size 2” and above.
b. The blind flange provided in the standard shall be used for the end where future extension
is expected or if cleaning is necessary through this point.
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c. Threaded cap piece shall be used for the end of vent or drain, and for the end of threaded
piping.
d. Dead ends and pocket in slurry and blow down lines shall be avoided.

4.7 Bolt & Nuts

a. Hexagonal head bolt and nut must be used in principle

b. In principle, threaded must be UNC metric is used
c. Bolting Material for flange shown at data sheet for piping & fitting

4.8 Gasket

The application standard for gasket shall be as follows :

a. Joint sheet such neoprene rubber or asbestos will be used for PN16 and lower for flat face
flange.
Temperature and pressure limitation depends on manufacturer recommendation.
b. Spiral wound with flexible graphite filler, inner and outer ring shall be used in conjunction
with raise face flange up to PN100.
c. Metallic oval Ring Type Joint shall be used for PN150 and over. Soft iron material is
recommend for this type or per vendor recommendation.
d. Isolating gasket shall be provided when dissimilar material are connected or when complete
electrical isolation.

4.9 Valve

All provision of valve, such as material parts, standard dimension, certification, etc shall be per
data sheet valve.
Manually operated Ball and Plug Valves shall have operators provided as follows unless stated
otherwise in the Project General Valve Specification:
Table 4.9.1

Sample, vent and drain valves shall be located at convenient locations for operation. In
addition, valve drains and vents shall be provided at low points and high points in lines where
liquids or gases could be trapped during testing or operation. All valve process drains and
vents shall be shown on P&ID's. Nominal size for vent and drain shall be ¾” and lower.
In generally, Globe valve usually used as a throttle valve and by pass line.
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The joint type of valve shall be as follow :

1 ½” – less : Socket Weld, Thread
2” and above : Flange, except for other purposes, other type of connection can be
used.
Flanged check valves 2" nominal size and over shall be of the horizontal swing type, and
piston type check used for 1 ½” – less.
All valves shall be according to pressure – temperature rating class and suitability of service
fluid, as well as recommendation by manufacturer.

4.10 Strainer

Strainer installed at the inlet pump, compressor, etc in principle. Except for other purposes,
strainer may be not installed.
 Y-Type Strainer
Cast iron or forging shall be used for comparatively small size pipe. In generally for size 4”
- less
 Basket type strainer
In generally used for size 6” – above.

4.11 Thermal Insulation

Thermal insulation should be used for equipment and piping system, especially for
maintaining the temperature as well as for personnel protection, prevention of combustion due
to hot surfaces and heat conservation.
In generally, insulation material consist of rock wool or calcium silicate, steel wire, band,
aluminium sheet as finishing layer.

4.12 Coating

a. Wrapping
Wrapping for pipe will be used when line pipe across to underground, where this is
necessary to prevent external corrosion. In generally, wrapping material as follow :
 Primer : Polyken 1027 or equal
 Inner tape : Polyken 980 – 20 (Black color)
 Outer tape : Polyken 955 – 20 (White Color)
b. Painting
Painting on pipe shall be applied for corrosion prevention and services code. Painting shall
be applied as per specification or procedure for painting on this project.
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4.13 Adapter

In generally, adapter will be used if connected with different dimension or standard, usually
occurs when connected to equipment. Material of adapter will be adjust with line numbering
piping system contained in the P&ID.

4.14 Special Item

Special item of piping component such strainer, flexible hose, flexible joint, chemical injection
coil, steam trap, etc shall be specified in quantity, type, technical sheet, etc contained stated
in P&ID. Material selection, range class, type, etc shall be contained on special item data
sheet.

GENERAL PIPING LAYOUT

5.1 General

a. Base elevation: Elevation indicated on piping drawing in main plant area shall be based
BMR approval.
b. The conventional piping inside the Battery Limits shall be arranged to provide :
proper overhead clearance or installed on the sleeper, except for waste water line, oily
sewer or fire water line crossing main road or underground cooling water main.
c. All piping shall be arranged so that the pipe length and number of fittings are minimum
considering the thermal expansion and maintenance space.
d. Piping shall be arranged in a group as much as possible, and also in good manner
horizontally or vertically in order to make them easy for supporting.
The arrangement of passageway, space, platform , etc. necessary for operation and
maintenance shall be studied sufficiently in advance, and piping shall be arranged in such
a way to avoid interference with that facility.

5.2 Clearance

The effective space height and horizontal distance to be observed in piping layout shall be
based on the following standard, including support structure such as pipe rack, platform and
etc.
a. Over head Clearance
 From main road secondary road : Min. 5.0 meter
 At pump area : Min. 2.75 meter
 Overhead walkways, passageways, and : Min. 2.40 meter
Platform to nearest obstruction
 Personal access : Min. 2.4 meter
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b. The minimum clearance between the finished grade (or floor plate) and the bottom on
piping is as follows:
 Below low level piping in paved or : 0.3 meter
unpaved areas
 Below drain piping : 0.15 meter
c. When the low level piping is in the access, a steel step shall be provided. However, the low
level piping shall be avoided at ground level where they obstruct the access of
trucks/vehicle.
d. Horizontal distance :
 For main and common road : Min. Effective width 5.0 meter
 For passageways for operation and : Min. Effective width 0.6 meter
Maintenance
 Between activities, including piping : Min. 0.75 Meter
of adjacent bottom skid pumps.
 Between activities, including piping : Min. 0.75 Meter
of adjacent outermost static equipment.
 Between piping and handrails, or between : Min. 0.5 Meter
other obstructions, where occasional access
is required for maintenance only

Note : Provision space stated above, will be adjust as per site condition.

5.3 Pipeway Clearance

a. A distance between piping running in parallel shall be minimum 50 mm (2 in.) projection at

their outer surfaces, taking the outer diameter of pipe, outer diameter of flange and
insulation thickness into consideration.
b. For piping movable horizontally due to thermal expansion and/or contraction, their
displacement shall be minimum multiplied to above item (1).
c. Relative elevation of pipe ways shall be set to provide sufficient clearance. At intersection
between pipeways minimum clearance 100mm (4 in.) between lines.

5.4 Supports

a. All piping shall be adequately supported and restrained so as to prevent undue vibration,
deflection, stress or loads on equipment.
b. Supports span length shall be decided considering weight of pipe, internal fluid, hot
insulation, cold insulation, flange, valve, instrument and etc., so as to limit the deflection
and limit the stress in piping to the allowable stress.
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c. All type of pipe supports such guides, anchor, limit stop, slide etc. shall be shown on the
pipe support layout drawing and pipe support detail drawing.
d. Supports shall be provided for all piping in order to sustain the weight of the piping system
without restricting freedom to thermal expansion movements.
e. Pipe support span can refer to table 121.5 ASME B31.1 for metallic pipe. Pipe support span
for non metallic pipe can be also refer to the table 121.5 ASME B31.1 or vendor
recommendation.

5.5 Pipe Rack

a. The height difference between the pipe racks placed in south-north

direction and east-west direction shall be 500 mm - 1000 mm ( 20-40 in.), and the number
of piping layer will be two (2) at the maximum in principle.
b. The width of pipe rack shall be decided to have 10% for pipe rack allowance for future
installation, and also taking the space for instrument and electric cable into consideration ,
if necessary.

5.6 Underground Piping

a. Underground piping shall be a minimum depth 700mm from top of pipe to ground level.
b. Underground piping that crosses main road or is frequented by vehicles shall be protected
by pipe casing or concrete box, and have adequately space between of process or utility
piping with pipe casing, in generally minimum space is 50mm. Minimum depth distance for
underground piping across main road between top of pipe to ground level minimum 1.5
meter.
c. All metallic Underground piping shall be coated and wrapped. If the piping to be equipped
with cathodic protection, the permanent testing such NDE or holiday shall be preceded
before installation.
d. For non metallic piping, installation is carried out starting from, protection, depth cover, etc,
shall be vendor or manufacturer recommendation procedure.

5.7 Arrangement of Valve and etc

a. Manual Valve
 Valves shall be located at the operable position from the platform or ladder (ladder is
permissible for only 2” & less), taking its operability into consideration.
 The valve handle shall be located from 1.2 m or 4 ft (standard) to 1.6 or 5.2 ft (maximum)
higher than the floor of passage or platform in principle.
 Valve shall not be installed with the stem downward, in principle.
 Check valve is not allowed to be installed in the vertical axis direction
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b. Control Valve
 Control valve shall be installed on the above ground or platform so that for operation,
maintenance and inspection can be carried out easily.
 Control valve except butterfly type shall be installed horizontally in principle, and
minimum distance for maintenance shall be provided between the BOP (Bottom of Pipe)
and the floor. 300mm from ground level or floor be minimum distance or per vendor
recommendation.
c. Relief Valve
 Relief valve shall be vertically installed so that the maintenance and inspection can be
done easily on the ground or the platform.
 Relief valve mounted on the equipment or run pipe shall be installed directly to the
nozzle of vessel or run pipe.

EXAPNSION, CONTRACTION AND FLEXIBILITY

6.1 General

The design and spacing of supports shall be checked to assure that the sum of the longitudinal
stresses due to weight, pressure, and other sustained external loading does not exceed the
allowable stress in operation condition.
Wall thickness selection, material selection, flange class, pressure and temperature data to
become basically in computation flexibility of pipe.
Piping systems shall be designed with sufficient flexibility to allow for thermal expansion and
contraction and for movements due to connected to equipment etc,. in order to prevent :
 Failure of piping components due to overstress
 Excessive loads and moments on connected equipment, anchor points, etc.
 Displacement caused by thermal expansion or contraction

6.2 Flexibility Analysis Criteria

a. stress analysis is not required for piping system that meet following requirements:
 Duplicates, or replaces without significant change, a system operating with successful
service records.
 Can be readily be judged adequate by comparison with previously analyzed system.
b. stress analysis shall be performed for critical piping system, such as:
 All metallic pipe lines with temperature equal to or above 80° C, and size equal to or
larger than 6" (this shall be regarding both).
 All metallic pipe lines size equal to or larger than 6” connected to equipment such pump,
vessel, tank, etc which has temperature equal to or above 80° C.
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 Lines 20" and larger with temperature 50° C and above.

 Lines subjected to Dynamics Force, Reaction Force (e.g. from Relief Valves) with
temperature equal to or above 80° C, and size equal to or larger than 6" inlet.
 Lines with temperature above 110° C, if non metallic material.
 Piping stress analysis results shall satisfy ASME B31.3 requirement for metallic
material, and vendor requirement for non metallic material.
Piping stress analysis shall be carried out with CAESAR II or similar. Design temperature and
design pressure shall be used in the stress analysis, except for rotating equipment where
operating temperature can be used for equipment nozzle loading qualification.
The computed stress range in a piping system shall not exceed the allowable displacement
stress range as required by ASME B31.3.

6.3 Consideration for Piping Analysis

The following loads shall be considered when analyzing piping systems:

 Weight of piping, including components such as pipes, valves, fittings, flanges and
etc.
 Weights of internal fluids (including test fluids).
 External loads such as wind and earthquake. Piping shall be for earthquake- induced
horizontal load and wind load. Analysis for Earthquake and Wind Load in accordance
with ASME B31.3.
 Thermal expansion and contraction of piping.
 Internal Design Pressure Load.
 Loads on piping connected to nozzle of equipment, support points and anchors.
 Several load cases (combination loads) such as hydrotest, operating, sustain, occasional
and expansion shall be performed on piping system.

6.4 Allowable Load

Nozzle loads for the combined cases shall be compared with the manufacturer's
recommendation. Piping reactions shall not exceed the manufacturer's allowable. Where
these allowable are not available, applicable standard may be used such WRC 107 for
pressure Vessel, API 610 for Centrifugal pump, and other standard applicable.

6.5 Allowable Stress Value

Allowable stresses are the limit acceptable values of stress analysis result for all cases as
per ASME B31.3 code. Except for non metallic material, allowable stress value as per
vendor recommendation. Definitions of allowable stress for all cases are presented on the
following section.
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Thermal expansion allowable :

SA = f (1.25SC + 0.25SH), or
SA = f (1.25SC + SH) - SL) If SH> SL, in accordance with ASME B31.3 para 302.3.5 (d)
Sc = basic allowable stress at minimum temperature
SH = basic allowable stress at maximum temperature
SL = longitudinal stress from sustain loading
f = stress range reduction factor for cyclic condition

Sustained allowable
Allowable = SH, in accordance with ASME B31.3 para 302.3.5

Occasional and Test allowable

Allowable = 1.33 x SH , in accordance with ASME B31.3 para 302.3.6 (a)

INSTALLATION STANDARD

7.1 Vent and Drain

a. Vent and drain with valve required for operation purposes shall be installed as per
indicated on the P & I diagram.
b. When not indicated on the P & ID, following consideration shall be observed.
 Vent : Vent with valve shall be installed at the highest position of liquid piping of 2” &
larger in principle.
 Drain : Drain with valve shall be installed at the lowest position for size 2” and larger
and all lines in principle.
c. If not stated in P&ID, Type of the valve for the vent and drain shall be gate

7.2 Instrument Hook Up

Instrument hook up shall be installed as per P&ID indicated. Size, limitation between instrument
component and piping component as per stated by P&ID.

PIPING SYSTEM

8.1 General Piping

a. All electric and instrument cable, or tray routings shall be aboveground and space shall be
provided on the pipe racks or provide support.
b. All valves, instruments or other devices which must be observed, lubricated, serviced,
adjusted, operated, etc. during normal operation or shutdown, shall be arranged so that they
are accessible from grade, platforms, or at least resert stairs or ladders.
c. Pump and Compressor suction lines shall be provided with short cone type temporary
strainers, where permanent strainers or filters are not provided.
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d. A fire protection system shall be provided as a closed loop with hydrants spaced every 60
meters (197 ft). Isolation valves with post indicators shall be provided to shut off sections
without shutting off the entire system.
e. The layout of all piping shall provide adequately for expansion and contraction due to
temperature changes under normal start up and shut down conditions without placing
f. excess stress on piping materials, or excess forces and moments on equipment nozzle
connected
8.2 Sample Connection

a. The sample connections shall be located for easy access from fixed platform.
b. Type of sampling connections and sample coolers, whenever required, the sample
connection drawing shall be shown in detail construction drawing as the minimum
information for construction.

8.3 Water System Piping

Drains shall be provided on the dead end portion of lines.

8.4 Air System

Air piping system shall be given for good vent and drainage. Vent and Drain valves shall be
provided at the low and high points of systems. All locations of placement vent and drain shall
be located in position at the place for operation easily.

EQUIPMENT PIPING

9.1 Vessel and Column Piping

a. Valves and flanges shall not be located inside vessel skirts.

b. All vents shall be located so as to prevent hazardous conditions in any part of the plant.
Vents shall be fitted with facilities to prevent liquid fall out.
c. Drains provided at vessels shall run to final disposal. All drain with hazardous service line
shall be streamed on closed drain line, and open drain line to non hazardous service line.
d. Nozzle orientation shall be placed with respect to the process requirement, include for
maintenance, operation shall be adjacent from operational platform.

9.2 Pump Piping

a. The suction lines of pumps shall be arranged as short as possible.

However sufficient straight run shall be provided after fittings.
b. The piping around pumps shall be arranged so that the impeller, piston and motor can be
removed without any obstruction.
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c. Reducer in the horizontal suction lines of the pump shall be eccentric and installed top flat
to avoid pocketing of vapors in the horizontal line.
d. A temporary strainer shall be provided on the suction line of all pumps and turbines, except
where a permanent strainer will be installed.
e. A check valve shall be provided between the block valve and discharge nozzle of the pump,
unless otherwise specified in the P & I Flow Diagram.
f. The piping at pumps shall be arranged to avoid interference with operation or maintenance
access. Removable spool pieces shall be provided as appropriate, such as at end suction
pump inlets, to permit maintenance without major piping disassembly.

9.3 Storage Tank Piping

Adequate flexibility shall be provided in connecting piping so that the tank nozzles and valves
will not be distorted if tank settlement occurs.

INSTRUMENT PIPING

10.1 Instrument Air Piping

a. Piping of instrument air headers shall be galvanized and header fittings shall be NPT for
1-1/2” & smaller, welded type shall be used for 2” & larger.
b. Instrument air piping shall be route to the adjacent with instrument component, and
provided block valve for easily removable maintenance to that component for future.
c. Apart of size 2” larger, joint welded possible to for tap joint, such olet branch.

10.2 Control Valve

a. Control valves set shall be determined in P&ID including requirement of block valve and
by pass valve as well.
b. Globe valves shall be used for bypass lines of 8” and smaller, or as per stated on P&ID
c. A drain valve shall be provided upstream of the control valve, unless otherwise specified.
d. Control valves which are not provided with isolating block valves and bypass shall be
supplied with a manual hand wheel control.

10.3 Level Instrument

Access shall be arranged to all level instruments, however, if access no possible permanent
ladder access is permissible.
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10.4 Pressure Instrument

a. Local pressure gauges and pressure transmitter shall be accessible from the floor, platform
or a permanent ladder. They shall be rigidly supported on the lines to which they are
connected.
b. connections on piping for pressure instrument shall be 1/2”.