8

English
Quarter 4 - Module 3:
Synthesizing Essential Information
Found in Various Sources
English – Grade 8
Self-Learning Module
Quarter 4 – Module 3: Synthesizing Essential Information Found in Various Sources

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 8
English
Quarter 4- Module 3
Synthesizing Essential Information
Found in Various Sources

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page……………………………………………………………….……………… i

Copyright Page…………………………………………………………………..……… ii

Title Page…………………………………………………………………………….……iii

Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………......... iv

Introductory Message………………………………………………………………….. v

What I need to Know………………………………………………………………….... 1

What I Know……………………………………………………………………………... 2

What’s In…………………………………………………………………………………..3

What’s New………………………………………………………………………………. 4

Activity: Read Me Out Loud!

What is It…………………………………………………………………………………..5

What’s More……………………………………………………………………………...10

Activity 1: Synthesize It!

Activity 2: Truth or a Lie!

Activity 3: Sequencing Steps!

What I Have Learned…………………………………………………………………… 12

What I Can Do…………………………………………………………………………… 12

Assessment……………………………………………………………………………… 13

Answer Key……………………………………………………………………………….14

References……………………………………………………………………….………. 15

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the English 8 Self-Learning Module on Synthesizing Essential
Information in Various Sources!
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they
do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the English 8 Self-Learning Module on Synthesizing Essential

Information in Various Sources!
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create and accomplish.
Hence, the hand in this learning resource, signifies that you, as a learner, are capable and
empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace
and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning. You will be enabled to process the contents of the
learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check

What I Know what you already know about the lesson to take.
If you get all the answers correctly (100%), you
may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

What’s New to you in various ways, such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an activity, or a
situation.

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 This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent practice

What’s More to solidify your understanding and skills on the
topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

What I Have This includes questions or blank sentences/

Learned paragraphs to be filled in to process what you
learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will help

What I Can Do you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level

Assessment of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module, you will also find:

This is a list of all sources used in developing

References
this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your answers.

vi
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator, once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

Adopted from: Department of Education-

Alternative Delivery Mode

vii
 What I Need to Know

This module was written and designed to help you master the skills in synthesizing
essential information found in various sources. The activities are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the lesson, but the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the Learner’s Material (LM) you are now using.

Here, you are expected to develop your knowledge and skill in identifying and using
grammatical signals to improve writing especially in achieving coherence in sentences or
paragraphs.

The Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) covered in this module is to

synthesize essential information found in various sources.

Objectives:

As learners of this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the steps in synthesizing information from various sources;
2. differentiate various support strategies that can be used in synthesizing;
3. synthesize key sources connecting them with the paragraph and topic
area.

Remember to read the items

carefully and to focus on the topics
included in this module. Make sure
that all the activities have been
accomplished. You can do this!

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 What I Know

What factors are to be considered in synthesizing? Have you tried following the steps
to synthesize information from different sources? Let’s see what you already know about this
process of putting ideas together. The first activity is a pre-test that will determine your
knowledge about it.

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Then write the letter of your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. It involves putting together all the information available and determining the overall
message of the material you have read.
a. synthesizing c. abstracting
b. summarizing d. recapitulating

2. This method to record facts about two topics, which go in the large outer circles and
then record overlapping facts and ideas; and where the circles overlap.
a. ADD Method c. REST Method
b. VENN Diagram d. Summarizing

3. This method helps students learn to integrate their learning with what they already
know and what they discuss with other students.
a. VENN Diagram c. ADD Method
b. Summarizing d. REST Method

4. When we synthesize information from multiple sources, we gain a better _________

of the topic, including a variety of viewpoints surrounding the issue or topic.
a. bias c. prejudice
b. understanding d. confusion

5. It occurs at the paper (or, sometimes, section) level when writers connect ideas
across paragraphs or sections to create a new narrative whole.
a. Local Synthesis c. Locating topic sentence
b. Global Synthesis d. both a and c

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 Lesson
Synthesizing Essential Information Found
1 in Various Sources

As you continue this lesson, your goal in this section is to learn and understand the
key concepts on synthesizing essential information found in various sources.

What’s In
You have learned from the previous lesson that an outline starts with a thesis
statement which presents the central idea of the paper. Let us see if you can still remember
them.

Activity: Review It!

Directions: Identify the concept being described in the sentences below. Choose from the
words inside the box. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Topic Sentence Secondary sources Analyze

Introduce Outlining Primary sources

_____________1. It is simply a framework for presenting the main and supporting ideas for
a particular subject or topic.

_____________2. It provides secondhand information and commentary from other

researchers.

_____________3. It provides raw information and firsthand evidence. Examples include

interview transcripts, statistical data, and works of art.

____________ 4. It is the most important step in expanding an outline using notes from
primary and secondary sources.

____________ 5. It is a sentence that summarizes the main idea of a paragraph. It is

usually the first sentence in a paragraph.

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 What’s New
The previous lesson taught us how to easily understand a certain idea by expanding
the content of an outline using notes from primary and secondary sources which helps in
organizing your ideas. Now, the lesson you learned prepares and brings you to the next
level of our journey.

In this lesson, you will be acquainted with using Synthesis which involves combining
or putting together the ideas of multiple sources to create an overall point. Synthesis may
seem to be difficult, particularly if you are used to analyzing others’ points. Like most things,
however, it gets easier as you get more experienced at it.

Wait up! There’s more! The paragraph that you are about to read will teach you how
to synthesize essential information found in various sources. Get ready because you are in
for a lift!

Activity: Read Me Out Loud!

The paragraphs below are taken from a video transcript by Elisha Madison and
Anastasia Brooks entitled How to Synthesize Written Information. (How to Synthesize
Written Information, 2020)

Directions: Read the synthesized paragraph carefully, then answer the questions that
follow on a separate sheet of paper.

“We know that people were buried there. And the stones are aligned in
astronomically important ways. We also understand, because of the chemical
composition of animal bones found nearby and the provenance of the stones, that
people travelled hundreds of miles to visit Stonehenge.”
“It was believed that these particular stones had many healing properties
because in Preseli, there are many sacred springs that are considered to have
health-giving qualities.”

Synthesized: Stonehenge was used as a healing site for inhabitants and

travelers that were unwell, and those that did not heal were buried near the
monument.

Self-check:

 What is the main idea of the paragraph?

 Do you find difficulty in understanding the synthesized paragraph?

4
 What is It
In this module, you will learn about understanding the strategies and steps on how to
synthesize essential information found in various sources. It is important to know about this
topic to help you in your academic journey.

Synthesizing simply means combining. Instead of summarizing the main points of

each source; in turn, you put together the ideas and findings of multiple sources in order to
make an overall point.

At the most basic level, this involves looking for similarities and differences between
or among your sources. Your synthesis should show the reader where the sources overlap,
and where they diverge.

What is Synthesis?

Synthesis occurs when you read information about a single topic from multiple
sources to form a more complete and accurate idea and opinion about the topic. Synthesis
writing occurs when you take information from multiple sources about a topic and formulate
an idea or a claim about the topic based on the information.

Why Synthesize?

When you synthesize information from multiple sources, you gain a better
understanding of the topic, including a variety of viewpoints surrounding the issue or topic.

As critical readers, we analyze the information from a variety of sources and make
inferences about the credibility, bias, and validity of each source. By reading information
from multiple sources, we become more informed.

Learning to synthesize can be challenging for some students, but there are a few
different support strategies that can be used.

The REST Method

 R – read two different sources about a topic and record ideas.

 E – edit notes and combine concepts that are similar.
 S – synthesize by combining notes with what you already know about the topic.
 T – think about your new ideas and connect them to what you already know.

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The ADD Method

ADD is similar to REST, but it can be used with just one text. The advantage of ADD
is that it helps students learn to integrate their learning with what they already know and
what they discuss with other students. If students are still learning how to do that, it may be
too much for them to synthesize information from multiple texts.

 A – what the student already knows about the topic.

 D – what the student learned during the reading on the same topic.
 D – what the student learned during the discussion of the topic.

I think of ADD as a stoplight. A is the red light, where students stop and think about
what they already know before moving on. During the red light, students proceed with
caution (yellow light) and process new facts about the topic. The green light is the
discussion, when students talk with peers and discuss what they have learned about the
subject

Venn Diagram

You can use this method to record facts about two topics, which go in the large outer
circles and then record overlapping facts and ideas where the circles overlap. They can add
information at each step – prior knowledge, reading, and discussion. From this diagram,
students can formulate their own ideas and thoughts about the topic. However, keep in mind
that Venn Diagrams really only work well with simple topics and comparisons. By: Amy
Mezni|Published on: Oct 4, 2017|Categories: 2nd Qtr, Language Arts, Reading

When thinking about synthesizing, experts have come to agree that there are 3 types
of syntheses that students can make. A synthesis can form:

1. a new understanding, something a reader has not considered before until reading
the text

2. a deeper understanding, becoming more aware or appreciative of an idea, after

reading a text

3. a changed understanding, thinking differently as a result of the text

In all three types, the result of synthesizing is an increase in knowledge for the
reader. In fictional texts, readers synthesize to form a new, deepened or changed
understanding about the character and events in the book. In nonfiction, a reader’s
synthesis is often the understanding that we develop, when we study a topic through
multiple books, articles, and multi-media resources. We put together everything that we’ve
learned about that topic into a complete synthesis. For example, when we ask you, our
students, to complete a research project, we are asking you to synthesize the information
that you have learned from multiple sources.

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 In any genres, syntheses are strongest when they are supported with textual
evidence. We want you, our students, to be able to point out the details from the text that
helped you form that new, deepened, or changed understanding. Reading Comprehension
Strategy Series: How to Teach Students to Synthesize While Reading — THE
CLASSROOM NOOK

Synthesizing information to Draw Conclusions

Synthesizing involves putting together all the information available and determining
the overall message of the material you have read. This process necessitates going beyond
what is directly stated in the documents provided and in drawing your own conclusions.
Drawing conclusions involves analyzing what you have read and forming an opinion about
its meaning. To draw conclusions, look closely at the facts, combine them with inferences
you make, and then apply your own experience and common sense to decide what those
facts mean.

Here is how you do it:

1. Read the passage carefully to gain a clear understanding of the information

presented.
2. Consider what you already know that could be applied.
3. Use active reading strategies, such as asking questions.
4. Bring together, or synthesize the facts, your inferences, and your own knowledge
about the subject discussed in the passages.
5. Draw conclusions after synthesizing the information from the passages.

Adapted from: Littell, McDougal. World History Patterns of Interaction. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
Synthesizing information to Draw Conclusions- worksheet | Teaching Resources (tes.com)

How to Write a Synthesis

1. Identify the appropriate texts to use. You may find it helpful to use the notes and
references in one appropriate source to find other relevant sources.

2. Read the sources carefully in relation to your purpose. Take notes or annotate your own
copies to be able to retrieve relevant information easily.

3. Think about the connections among the various sources. Does any of the sources agree
or disagree on any point? Does one source provide background for another? Does one
source take up where another leaves off? Does one source provide an example of an idea
discussed in another source? Does any common idea or viewpoint run through all the
sources?

4. Based on the pattern of connections you have seen among the various sources, develop
an overall point or conclusion to serve as the7organizing thesis of your synthesis. If you are
writing a review of literature, your thesis statement should focus on how the various texts

7
relate to each other. If you are writing a synthesis report, your thesis statement should focus
on your conclusion about the topic itself.

5. Develop a plan in presenting the various parts of the information in a unified way.

6. Write a first draft of the synthesis. Develop the points made in each of the paragraphs
through details from your various sources. Use quotations, paraphrasing, and summary to
present the information from the sources.

7. Document the sources of your information, using an appropriate parenthetical reference

or footnote method.

8. Revise the draft, paying particular attention to the transitions that tie the various parts of
the synthesis together and to the overall coherence of the presentation. Make sure you
maintain a consistency of tone and focus throughout the paper. Do not let the variety of
sources you use, lead the writing in different directions. Analysis&Synthesis | Paragraph |
Epistemology (scribd.com)

Synthesizing Your Sources

To demonstrate your knowledge on a field through a review of literature, the key

component is synthesis. To synthesize is to combine independent elements and form a
cohesive whole; in essence, your literature review should integrate your sources and

 Identify patterns
 Critically discuss strengths and weaknesses of sources or the field
 Compare and contrast methods, approaches, and findings of authors
 Evaluate and interpret what is known in your field and what, if anything, is missing

A Metaphor for Synthesis

Imagine you are at a dinner party with other researchers and theorists from your
field. Everyone is sitting around the table and discussing the state of your field of research.
The beginning portion of your literature review would be similar to those of dinner party
guests who started the conversation by discussing foundational research and theories. The
body of your literature review could take many forms: Who are the guests that are agreeing?
How about those who are arguing? What are the debatable issues, and is there any
subtopic for each of those key points? Does one particular guest keep interrupting the
table's conversation? The final portion of your literature review would be similar to the host

of the dinner party, ending the debate with a comprehensive speech that touches on all
opinions, yet provides closure for the conversation.

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Local and Global Synthesis

When writers synthesize successfully, they present new ideas based on

interpretations of other evidence or arguments. In a literature review, it can be helpful to
think about synthesis occurring at both the local (or paragraph) level and the global
(section/paper) level.

Local Synthesis

Local synthesis occurs at the paragraph level when writers connect individual pieces
of evidence from multiple sources to support a paragraph’s main idea and advance a
paper’s thesis statement. A common example in academic writing is a scholarly paragraph
that includes a main idea, evidence from multiple sources, and analysis of those multiple
sources together.

Example: Based on the metaphor above, local synthesis would occur during each individual
conversation item. So, if you brought up a single issue within your topic, and several
prominent scholars agree; while others disagree, you would represent this debate of a
singular issue in that paragraph.

Global synthesis occurs at the paper (or, sometimes, section) level when writers
connect ideas across paragraphs or sections to create a new narrative whole. In a literature
review, this can either stand alone, or be a section/chapter within a capstone, global
synthesis in integral for cohesion and flow.

Example: Using the same dinner party metaphor, global synthesis occurs when a writer
takes a bird’s eye view of the entire dinner party. What major topics were discussed and
how were they linked to other ideas or conversation? Who were the dinner party guests that
contributed ideas? Did their ideas contribute to another idea? What is the new idea formed?
And finally, in what conversation did they end up with, at the end of the night? A summary of
your dinner party, with its multiple guests and discussions, is what ultimately will bring order
to major themes within your topic.

Tips for creating synthesis within a literature review:

Use thematic headings to create an intentional narrative order.

Quick Tips:
 Create a heading outline to think through which headings should be placed where.
 Use topic sentences for each paragraph that clearly link ideas between paragraphs.
 Incorporate appropriate transitions throughout your draft to clearly connect ideas.

Synthesizing Your Sources - Common Assignments - Academic Guides at Walden University

9
 What’s More

This time, you will practice what you have learned on synthesizing with the
application of the strategies and steps on how to do so.

Activity 1: Synthesize It!

Directions: Study the following illustrations carefully and answer the questions that follow
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the picture all about?

_____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ .

10
Activity 2: Truth or a Lie!

Directions: Read the sentences carefully. On a separate sheet of paper, write FACT if the
statement is correct, BLUFF if it is not.
_________ 1. Synthesis occurs when you read information about a single topic from
multiple sources to form a more complete, and accurate idea and opinion
about the topic.
_________ 2. To draw conclusions, look closely at the fiction and combine them with
inferences you make.
_________ 3. Consider what you already know that could apply your own experience
and common sense to decide what those facts mean.
_________ 4. Draw conclusions before synthesizing the information from the passages.
_________ 5. The easiest way to think about this, is that each paragraph should discuss a
few different sources, and you should be able to condense the overall point
of the paragraph into one sentence.
_________ 6. Use active reading strategies, such as asking questions.
_________ 7. As critical reader, we analyze the information from a variety of sources and
make inferences about the credibility, bias, and validity of each source.
_________ 8. Keep in mind that Venn Diagrams really only work well with simple topics
and comparisons.
_________ 9. Document the sources of your information, using an inappropriate
parenthetical reference or footnote method.
________ 10. In all three types, the result of synthesizing is an increase in knowledge for
the reader.

Activity 3: Sequencing Steps!

Directions: Arrange the following steps logically in synthesis writing. Write the letter of your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. ____ a. Revise the draft, paying particular attention to the transitions that tie the various
parts of the synthesis together and to the overall coherence of the
presentation.
2. ____ b. Document the sources of your information, using an appropriate parenthetical
reference or footnote method.
3. ____ c. Write a first draft of the synthesis
4. ____ d. Read the sources carefully in relation to your purpose.
5. ____ e. Identify the appropriate texts to use.
6. ____ f. Think about the connections among the various sources.
7. ____ g. Based on the pattern of connections you have seen among the various
sources, develop an overall point or conclusion to serve as the organizing
thesis of your synthesis.
8. ____ h. Develop a plan for presenting the various parts of the information in a unified
way.

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 What I Have Learned

Learning takes time and effort. Have you finished all the activities so far? That’s
great to know. It is now time to assess your learning progress by completing the following
statements.

1. I have learned that _____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________..

2. I have realized that ____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ .

3. I believe I can deepen my understanding through ____________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.

What I Can Do
Directions: Write a five- sentence synthesized paragraph about the number of COVID-
19 cases and recoveries in the Philippines. Observe coherence to show the credibility of
data which you have gathered. Use a separate sheet of paper.
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.

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Rubric in Synthesizing a Paragraph

Poor (1) Fair (2) Good (3) Excellent (4)

Introduction The paragraph The paragraph The paragraph The paragraph
did not include attempted to included a basic included a
an introduction include an introduction citation of
introduction sources

Details The paragraph The paragraph The paragraph The paragraph

did not include included included included details
details relevant details descriptive that create an
details image
Transition The paragraph The paragraph The paragraph The paragraph
words did not include included basic included included variety
transition words transition words transition words of transition
words
Conclusion The paragraph The paragraph The paragraph The paragraph
did not include attempted to included a basic included a well
conclusion include a conclusion developed
conclusion conclusion
“Tcap Writing Assessment Scoring Rubric” Accessed February 15, 2021

Assessment
Were you able to understand the key ideas of this lesson? Let’s put it to the test.

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of your choice. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It occurs at the paper (or, sometimes, section) level when writers connect ideas
across paragraphs or sections to create a new narrative whole.
a. Local Synthesis c. Locating topic sentence
b. Global Synthesis d. both a and c

2. When we synthesize information from multiple sources, we gain a better _________

of the topic, including a variety of viewpoints surrounding the issue or topic.
a. bias b. understanding c. prejudice d. confusion

3. It involves putting together all the information available and determining the overall
message of the material you have read.
a. synthesizing b. summarizing c. abstracting d. recapitulating

4. This method to record facts about two topics, which go in the large outer circles and
then record overlapping facts and ideas, and where the circles overlap.
a. ADD Method b. VENN Diagram c. REST Method d. Summarizing

5. This method helps students learn to integrate their learning with what they already
know and discuss with other students.
a. VENN Diagram b. Summarizing c. ADD Method d. REST Method

13
 14
Activity 2: Truth or a Lie
1. Fact
2. Bluff
3. Fact
4. Bluff
5. Fact
6. Fact
7. Fact
8. Fact
Assessment 9. Bluff
1. C 10. Fact
2. B
3. A
4. B Activity 3: Sequencing
5. C Steps
1. E
2. D
What I Know 3. F
1. A 4. G
2. B 5. H
3. C 6. C
4. B 7. B
5. C 8. A
Answer Key
 References

Department of Education. “Alternative Delivery Mode English Grade 8.

"How to Synthesize Written Information." Study.com, 21 January 2020,
study.com/academy/lesson/how-to-synthesize-written-information.html
Make Synthesizing Easy with These Simple Strategies - Teaching Resources and
Lesson Plans - Teaching Ideas 4U by Amy Mezni
https://teachingideas4u.com/2017/10/make-synthesizing-easy-with-these.html
https://www.classroomnook.com/blog/synthesizing-a-text
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/synthesizing-information-to-draw-
conclusions-worksheet-11412664
https://www.scribd.com/document/185081916/Analysis-Synthesis
https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/literaturereview/synt
hesizing#s-lg-box-2873682

15
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – SDO 1 Pangasinan
Alvear St., Lingayen, Pangasinan
Telephone No.: (075) 522-2202
Email Address: pangasinan1@deped.gov.ph

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