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    Lecture 4: Electric Potential/Voltage (Cont.) and Capacitors

    Uploaded by

    Amir Yonan
    The document discusses electric potential and capacitors. It defines electric potential (V) and how it can be determined from electric field (E). It provides examples of calculating potential for point charges and uniform electric fields. It also discusses capacitors, defining capacitance (C) and the relationship between charge (Q), potential (V), and capacitance. It describes parallel plate capacitors and how a dielectric between the plates increases capacitance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lecture 4: Electric Potential/Voltage (Cont.) and Capacitors

    Uploaded by

    Amir Yonan
    21 views4 pages
    The document discusses electric potential and capacitors. It defines electric potential (V) and how it can be determined from electric field (E). It provides examples of calculating potential for point charges and uniform electric fields. It also discusses capacitors, defining capacitance (C) and the relationship between charge (Q), potential (V), and capacitance. It describes parallel plate capacitors and how a dielectric between the plates increases capacitance.

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    The document discusses electric potential and capacitors. It defines electric potential (V) and how it can be determined from electric field (E). It provides examples of calculating potential for point charges and uniform electric fields. It also discusses capacitors, defining capacitance (C) and the relationship between charge (Q), potential (V), and capacitance. It describes parallel plate capacitors and how a dielectric between the plates increases capacitance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views4 pages

    Lecture 4: Electric Potential/Voltage (Cont.) and Capacitors

    Uploaded by

    Amir Yonan
    The document discusses electric potential and capacitors. It defines electric potential (V) and how it can be determined from electric field (E). It provides examples of calculating potential for point charges and uniform electric fields. It also discusses capacitors, defining capacitance (C) and the relationship between charge (Q), potential (V), and capacitance. It describes parallel plate capacitors and how a dielectric between the plates increases capacitance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    13 | S p u r l o c k ’ s T e c h n i c a l P h y s i c s I I L e c t u r e N o t e s

    Lecture 4: Electric Potential/Voltage (Cont.) and Capacitors


    Pfinal
       
    Determining V From E: dV   E  dl V     dl
    E
    Pinit

    Q
    For a Point Charge: VPoint Charge  k
    r
    Pfinal
      rb
      rb
    Q Q Q
    • V    E  dl    E  dr    k 2 dr  k  k
    Pinit ra ra
    r rb ra
    Q
    • To fix a reference, we set V=0 at r→ VPoint Charge  k
    r
    • V is a scalar (we aren’t finding magnitudes)  Keep the signs on the charges.
    • Superposition: Just add up V for multiple charges/sources.
    Example: What is the potential at the point (2.25 m, 1.50 m) measured with respect to the origin in a
    region with a uniform electric field E = (4.00 N/C)î + (2.00 N/C)ĵ ?
    Pfinal
        Pfinal    
    V    E  dl   E    dl    E  l
    Pinit  Pinit 
     
      (4.00 N/C)î  (2.00 N/C)ĵ  (2.25m) î  (1.50m) ĵ 
     (4.00 N/C)(2.25m)  (2.00 N/C)(1.50m)  12.0V

    Example: Determine the electric potential at the point P due to the 3 point charges

    Q1 Q Q Q Q Q 
    VTOT  V1  V2  V3  k  k 2  k 3  k  1  2  3 
    r1 r2 r3  r1 r2 r3 
    16.0 106 C 20.0 106 C  12.0 106 C 
    VTOT  (9.00 10 Nm / C )
    9 2 2
        360kV
     0.400m 0.500m 0.300m 

    All Rights Reserved


    14 | S p u r l o c k ’ s T e c h n i c a l P h y s i c s I I L e c t u r e N o t e s

    Example: A thin flat disk of radius R0 has a uniformly distributed charge Q. Determine the potential at
    a point P on the axis of the disk, a distance x from the center.

    dQ dQ
    dV  k V   dV  k 
    r r
    What variable do we integrate over? R (not r)
     Q   2Q 
    dQ  dA   2 2R dR   2  RdR
     R0   R0 
    dQ  2kQ  RdR  2kQ  RdR
    dV  k   2    2 
    r  R0  r  R0  R  x
    2 2

    Can we just integrate dV? Yes! dV is a scalar!

     2kQ  0 RdR
    R

    V   dV   2  
     R0  0 R  x
    2 2

    2 2 1/ 2 1 2 2 1 / 2
    U  [R  x ] dU  [R  x ] 2 RdR
    2
     2kQ  0  2kQ  R  R  2kQ 
      
     2kQ 

    R
    R  R0
    V   2   dU   2 U R 0 0   2  R 2  x 2 R 0   2  R02  x 2  x
     R0  0  R0   R0   R0 

    E from V
      V
    • dV   E  dl El  
    l
    V V V
    • Ex   , Ey   , Ez  
    x y z

    Example: In a certain region of space the electric potential is given by V(x,y,z) = y2 + 2.5xy – 3.5xyz.
    Determine the electric field.
    V
    Ex    2.5 y  3.5 yz   3.5 yz  2.5 y
    x
    V
    Ey    2 y  2.5 x  3.5 xz   3.5 xz  2.5 x  2 y
    y
    V
    Ez     3.5xy   3.5xy
    z

    E  (3.5 yz  2.5 y )iˆ  (3.5 xz  2.5 x  2 y ) ˆj  (3.5 xy )kˆ

    All Rights Reserved


    15 | S p u r l o c k ’ s T e c h n i c a l P h y s i c s I I L e c t u r e N o t e s

    Equipotential Surfaces (Every point in the surface is at the same potential)


    • No work is done by electrical forces when moving along an equipotential surface.
    • The electric field is always  to the equipotential surface.

    Roadmap

    Capacitance: Q  CV
    • Q = Charge
    • C = Capacitance
    • V = Electric Potential
    •

    • Units: Farad 1 F = 1 C/V


    •

    Parallel Plate Capacitor


     Q
    Electric field at surface of conductor: E 
    0 0 A
    E is constant.
      Qd  d   A 0 A
    V  E  d  Ed   Q Q   0 V  CV C
     0 A   0 A   d  d

    All Rights Reserved


    16 | S p u r l o c k ’ s T e c h n i c a l P h y s i c s I I L e c t u r e N o t e s

    Dielectrics: A dielectric is an insulating material placed between the capacitor plates.

    k = “dielectric constant” E is constant.


      0
     1
    C  C0

    0      0
    A  0 A
    C'    C
    d d

    Example: What voltage is required to store 7.20x10-5C of charge on the plates of a 6.00μF capacitor?
    Q 7.20 10 5 C
    Q  CV V   12.0 V
    C 6.00 10 6 F
    Example: A parallel plate capacitor has a capacitance of 7.00μF when filled with a dielectric. The area
    of each plate is 1.50m2 and the separation between the plates is 1.00x10-5m. What is the
    dielectric constant of the dielectric material?
     0 A dC (1.00 105 m)(7.00 106 F )
    C    5.3
    d  
     0 A 8.85 1012 C 2 /( Nm 2 ) (1.50m2 )

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