A Study of Imports and Exports in India

A Study of Imports and Exports in India
A Project report of Under Graduate in Economics
SUBMITTED
BY
Mr. KUMARESAN.K
2013271018063
Under the Guidance of
Dr. A. Kasirajan, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor in Economics
P.G. AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
RAMAKRISHNA MISSION VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE
MYLAPORE, CHENNAI-600 004
2022 - 2023
1
CERTIFICATE
This to certify that the project report title “THE STUDY OF INFRASTRUCTURE
IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
CHENNAI” is a bonafied work of KUMARESAN.K, Register No: 2013271018063, who
carried out the internship project work under my supervision during December 2022 to March 2023
for the partial fulfillment of the award of the Bachelor of Arts.
Signature of the Guide Signature of the

HOD
Date:
Place:
2
DECLARATION
I KUMARESAN.K, Register No: 2013271018063 final year under Graduate student of the
Department of Economics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Chennai, hereby declare that
this project report titled “THE STUDY OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN
GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
CHENNAI” is an original work done in partial fulfillment for the award of degree in Bachelor of
Arts in Economics by the University of Madras.
I further declare that it had not been previously submitted for any reward of any degree,
diploma, associate fellowship or other similar titles.
PLACE: CHENNAI KUMARESAN.K
DATE:
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to thanks to express my gratitude and indebtedness to
Dr. T. Jagathesan, Principal and Head, Dr. A.Selvaraju, Head of the Department, P.G, and
research Department of Economics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, for his sincere
guidance and valuable suggestions for the completion of my project.
I express my gratitude to Dr. A.Kasirajan , Assistant Professor, P.G. and Research
Department of Economics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, for his valuable guidance
which helped me in complete the report.
I take this grand opportunity to express my everlasting thanks to the Professors Dr. X.
Vincent Jayakumar, Dr. T.Chandramouli, Dr. V. Raju, Dr. K.Chandrasekaran, Dr. T. Raghu,
Dr.S.K.Prakash, and Dr. A.Kasirajan for their valuable teaching and continuous encouragement in
my subject as well as for my career growth.
This project report is an output of valuable contribution from certain people and I take this
opportunity to specially thank to all the people concerned who made my project work reality. Above
all I thank the ALMIGHTY GOD who showered me with all his blessings to accomplish this project.
PLACE: CHENNAI
DATE: KUMARESAN.K
4
CHAPTER
PAGE NO.
NO. DESCRIPTION
1 7-17
INTRODUCTION
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 18-21
THEORETICAL
3 BACKGROUND 22-25
4 DATA&ANALYSIS 26-49
5 FINDING AND CONCLUSION

50-54
55-59
BIBLIOGRAPHY
5
THE STUDY OF INFRASTRUCTURE
IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO
CHENNAI
6
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
7
As the city of Chennai falls under seismic zone III, the structure is designed to
be quake-resistant. A framed structure with pile foundation is used in the
superstructures. The tower blocks are constructed with structural glazing,
aluminium composite panel cladding and Novakote finish.
The total plinth area of Tower Block I is 31,559 square metres and Tower
Block II is 33,304 square metres. The ground level is raised up to 1.40 metres
(4'7") to avoid water stagnation and to allow gravity flow of rainwater. Each
tower block has three staircases and eight lifts and the building has a ramp with
access to all floors. A separate fire-escape staircase and garbage disposal lift are
found at the rear side of the building. Construction of an eight-storey block to
house 23 outpatient departments began in August 2016 at a cost of ₹ 1014.5
million. It will add to the hospital an additional 432,000 square feet when it is
opened in July 2019. The new block will have four bed-cum-passenger elevators
and four passenger elevators
The building has a 1,000 KVA generator with automatic main failure
panel. An air-conditioning plant caters to the needs of operation theatres, ICUs,
IMCUs,[clarification needed] blood bank and special wards. A digital EPABX
system has been installed with battery power backup.
The hospital has 52 operation theatres, besides intensive care units and
post-operative wards. The hospital requires around 1,400 cubic metres of
oxygen a day, which is supplied through 1,052 outlets using cylinders. The
hospital consumes around 300 oxygen cylinders every day
The hospital was the first government-run institution in the state to install
a tank to store liquid oxygen. The tank, with a capacity to hold 13,000 litres of
8
oxygen, would cater to the needs of the entire hospital when it becomes
operational. The tank has been installed in the space between Tower Block 2
and the old cardiology block. The tank, costing ₹ 4 million, has been built free
of cost by Inox Air Products, which supplies the gas to the hospital. A full tank
will ensure that supply will last for 5 days
Dispensaries attached to the hospital include Government Secretariat

Dispensary, Government High Court Dispensary, Government Chepauk Offices
Dispensary, Government Estate Dispensary, and Government Raj Bhavan
Dispensary.
As of 2013, there were 231 beds for various ICUs at the hospital
including for poly trauma, orthopaedics, medical emergencies, poison, surgical,
cardiology, neurology and geriatrics. An additional 15 beds for cancer ICU has
been planned along with the commissioning of a linear accelerator for precise
radiation therapy.[14] In 2018, an integrated laboratory facility in the hospital
was officially sanctioned to provide "seamless lab services
The hospital is the first in the government sector to have a full-fledged

emergency department, which includes triage area, resuscitation bay and colour-
coded zones, per the Tamil Nadu Accident and Emergency Care Initiative
(TAEI) guidelines
In 2015–2016, construction of four multi-storied blocks began at a cost of

₹ 1,244.8 million. Of these, three buildings, namely, rheumatology block,
nephrology block, and urology and hepatology blocks, built at a cost of ₹ 553.3
million, were completed in February 2017, March 2017, and June 2018,
respectively
In this issue, we focus on the infrastructure workstream of the Future Hospital

project, and notable figures provide their perspective on the built environment
and specific elements of healthcare infrastructure, including architecture, design,
9
commissioning a new hospital, sustainability and information technology, both
in the UK and overseas. Particular thanks are due to Tom Downes for editing
this special section.
Infrastructure must integrate the hospital, as the centre for acute and inpatient
care, into the broader health care system,1 and should facilitate the seven
domains of quality – patient experience, effectiveness, efficiency, timeliness,
safety, equity and sustainability. Infrastructure includes the built environment
and supporting elements: equipment, access, information technology (IT),
systems and processes, sustainability initiatives and staff. Overall these
interwoven facets should enable patients to move seamlessly, with their privacy
and dignity maintained at all times, from initial referral through local hospitals
to specialist tertiary centres and discharge to appropriate care (home, care home,
or community hospital with intermediate care), whatever the age, disorder or
social circumstances of the patient.
Infrastructure is a key pillar supporting the fundamental aim of promoting

improved standards of care and wellbeing for all patients, together with a good
experience of the health care system. In parallel, the healthcare system and staff
must support effective health promotion, prevention and self-care of the whole
population. ‘Every contact counts’ and, in this regard, hospitals have a key role
in providing contact for disadvantaged population groups, such as the homeless,
the abused and addicts, who do not access primary care. In addition, a secondary
aim must be to improve the wellbeing of staff, as this is integrally related to
ensuring improved care for patients.
The Government of Orissa has developed a comprehensive Orissa Health Sector

Plan (OHSP) for a period of 5 years from 2005-2010. For this purpose,
resources are pooled from the Government of Orissa along with the Government
of India and the developmental partners. The aim is to provide quality health
10
care particularly to the vulnerable and marginal group of population. In the
Orissa Health Sector Plan, emphasis is laid on accessibility, utilization,
accountability and responsiveness of the providers. The health indicators are
sought to be stabilized along with addressing the critical health issues. In order
to achieve the goal, making up of deficiency in Healthcare infrastructure is
adopted as a strategy by OHSP to meet its objectives of enhancing the capacity
of the health system. Up gradation of the infrastructure of the three medical
college hospitals located in Cuttack, Sambalpur & Brahmapur and the Capital
Hospital in Bhubaneswar is being taken up by the Government of Orissa. These
institutions have been developed over a considerable period of time and the
present infrastructure is inadequate to meet present requirements of patients,
their families and the healthcare providers. To enable best use of resources for
the hospital improvement, the Government of Orissa along with its development
partner DFID, has engaged Medica Synergie as an external consultancy for
designing facility expansion
The current assignment is to develop appropriate master plans for scaling up the
infrastructure in each of these facilities. The proposed master plans have to take
into account, the present utilization of the healthcare facilities and a projection
of the healthcare needs in the next 20 years . The design plans also to
incorporate the best practices in healthcare facility design including patient
friendly infrastructure, internationally accepted safety protocols. In order to
meet the objectives of the assignment, the existing hospital infrastructure has to
be assessed to ascertain the gaps vis-à-vis the future needs. A series of toolkits
have been developed based on some accepted standards to assess different
functional areas of the hospital. An infrastructural, structural and engineering
assessment of the existing buildings has been carried out to assess the present
condition of the hospital buildings and the building services. The detailed
facility assessment revealed certain gaps in the current infrastructure. These
11
gaps were further analyzed to suggest suitable recommendations for bridging
them up. Schematic layout of concept plans has been prepared, subsequently, in
accordance with the recommended expansion plan and space program. Patient
friendly designs to ensure ease of accessibility and optimal utilization for
improvement of health status as well as providing an ambience for the providers
to deliver quality health care are the key objectives of this facility expansion
plan. A user perspective study has been conducted so as to incorporate patients’
perceived needs in the proposed facility design. A maintenance plan has also
been developed which will aid in maintenance of the present hospital
infrastructure so that medical care can be delivered unhindered. For
enhancement of skills within the department, training needs of engineers and
architects have been assessed to enhance and whet their capacity for project
management and subsequent maintenance of the hospital infrastructure.
Since the hospital is a complex functional entity, every effort has been
made to propose renovations and scaling up plans in a way that does not become
a hindrance to its continued operations. VSS Medical College & Hospital in
Sambalpur has been recommended with a unique master plan that will enable it
to meet the present and future healthcare needs of the population optimally.
Rural Health care is one of biggest challenges facing the Health Ministry
of India. With more than 70 percent population living in rural areas and low
level of health facilities, mortality rates due to diseases are on a high. A majority
of 700 million people lives in rural areas where the condition of medical
facilities is deplorable. Considering the picture of grim facts there is a dire need
of new practices and procedures to ensure that quality and timely healthcare
reaches the deprived corners of the Indian villages. Though a lot of policies and
programs are being run by the Government but the success and effectiveness of
these programs is questionable due to gaps in the implementation. In rural India,
where the number of Primary health care centers (PHCs) is limited, 8% of the
12
centers do not have doctors or medical staff, 39% do not have lab technicians
and 18% PHCs do not even have a pharmacist.
India also accounts for the largest number of maternity deaths. A majority
of these are in rural areas where maternal health care is poor. Even in private
sector, health care is often confined to family planning and antenatal care and do
not extend to more critical services like labor and delivery, where proper
medical care can save life in the case of complications. Due to non accessibility
to public health care and low quality of health care services, a majority of
people in India turn to the local private health sector as their first choice of care.
If we look at the health landscape of India 92 percent of health care visits are to
private providers of which 70 percent is urban population. However, private
health care is expensive, often unregulated and variable in quality. Besides
being unreliable for the illiterate, it is also unaffordable by low income rural
folks.
To control the spread of diseases and reduce the growing rates of

mortality due to lack of adequate health facilities, special attention needs to be
given to the health care in rural areas. The key challenges in the healthcare
sector are low quality of care, poor accountability, lack of awareness, and
limited access to facilities.
The uneven distribution of health care facility and attainment of health

status is a major cause of concern here. We have on the one extreme state like
Kerala and Tamil Nadu that can match the most advanced emerging market
economies in health indicators and on the other, states like Bihar and Uttar
Pradesh where the situation is pathetic. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar which are first
and third largest state of India respectively from the viewpoint of population not
only fair badly in terms of basic health care facilities, but also show wide inter
region and inter district variations. Such a situation on the one hand works
13
against the interest of the poor and deprived section of population living in these
areas and on the other result in the states suffering even after having rather rich
natural resource base.
The public sector hospitals are more widespread (around 60%), but the
budgetary allocation of <1% of the GDP, is insufficient to even service the
existing infrastructure. The private sector has been growing for the last 15 years
and accounts for an estimated 95% of new hospital beds that have been added in
this period. While the affluent and the urban middle-class with a capacity to pay
have been catered to by the mushrooming Various organizations are coming
together for improvements in health care and technology plays a crucial role to
facilitate this. Information and communications Technology provides hosts of
solutions for successful implementation of these changes Private healthcare
providers and Corporate Hospital Groups; the economically weaker sections of
the society are dependent on the trust hospitals and NGOs. Not-for-Profit Trust
hospitals established by various NGOs, Missionaries and religious groups have
a significant presence in India and have over the years played a key role in
bridging the healthcare gap particularly for the under-privileged. The healthcare
trusts infrastructure is very wide and ranges from 5-bed nursing homes to 1000-
bed teaching and super-specialty hospitals.
The healthcare services in the district are predominantly centered on the

Medical College in Allahabad. There are many small and medium sized
hospitals in the district which is not able to meet the demand in the region owing
to equipment break-downs and lack of qualified manpower. People in the
district are dependent on Allahabad City or Jaunpur City for their healthcare
needs. Shanti Nandan Bauddha Welfare Society proposes to establish a 30 bed
General Hospital with Medical, Surgical and Laboratory facilities. The hospital
is to be located in Gariaon, Jaunpur at an estimated project cost of INR 4.03
crores. The project will be a not-for-profit hospital and self-sustained with cash
14
generated from its operations. The proposed hospital will serve the nearby
villages of Gariaon in Mungra Badshahpur Block.
Objectives:
Clinical Care:
The primary objective of a hospital is to provide high-quality clinical care to
patients. This involves the diagnosis, treatment, and management of acute and
chronic illnesses, injuries, and medical conditions. Hospitals have trained
healthcare professionals who provide a range of services including emergency
care, surgeries, diagnostic tests, and specialized treatments.
Public Health:
Hospitals also have a responsibility to promote public health by educating

individuals and communities about healthy lifestyles, disease prevention, and
proper hygiene practices. They may offer community outreach programs, health
screenings, immunizations, and other preventive services to improve the health
of the community.
Research:
Another objective of hospitals is to conduct medical research to improve

medical knowledge and develop new treatments for medical conditions.
Hospitals may have research departments, clinical trials, and collaborations with
academic institutions to advance medical knowledge and technology.
Education and Training:
Hospitals also play a crucial role in educating and training healthcare

professionals. They provide opportunities for medical students, residents, and
fellows to gain practical experience and learn about the latest medical practices
and treatments. Hospitals also provide continuing education programs for
healthcare professionals to keep up-to-date with the latest medical knowledge
and technology.
Patient Experience:
15
Hospitals aim to provide a positive patient experience by ensuring that patients
receive compassionate and respectful care. This involves creating a welcoming
environment, communicating effectively with patients and their families, and
providing timely and efficient care. Hospitals may also provide amenities such
as patient entertainment, food services, and other comfort measures to enhance
the patient experience.
Patient Experience:
Hospitals aim to provide a positive patient experience by ensuring that patients

receive compassionate and respectful care. This involves creating a welcoming
environment, communicating effectively with patients and their families, and
providing timely and efficient care. Hospitals may also provide amenities such
as patient entertainment, food services, and other comfort measures to enhance
the patient experience
Some of the specific objectives of a hospital may include:
Treating and managing acute and chronic illnesses

Providing emergency medical care
Performing surgeries and other medical procedures
Offering diagnostic tests and imaging services
Providing specialized care in areas such as pediatrics, oncology, cardiology,
etc.
Promoting health education and preventive care
Conducting medical research to develop new treatments and improve

existing ones
Training and educating healthcare professionals
Providing palliative care and end-of-life care for patients with terminal
illnesses
Overall, hospitals strive to provide high-quality, compassionate care to
patients while also promoting community health and advancing medical
knowledge through research and education.
16
17
CHAPTER-2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1) Andrea Brambilla , Andrea Rebecchi , Stefano Capolongo : (2019)
18
Healthcare facilities are complex infrastructures where different features
from technological, social, clinical and architectural field interact. In
modern healthcare systems there is a growing attention to the need of
quality in terms of process and outcome, while the structural (physical)
aspects are not often considered. Since the Nineties the theory of the
Evidence Based Design (EBD) states that there is significant relationship
between built environment and health related outcome. Objective: Aim of
this paper is to investigate, in the recent scientific literature, which are the
most important occupants' and organizational outcomes influenced by
EBD hospital built environment qualities.
2) Sanjay Mohapatra , Sanjana Mohapatra (2018) :

a literature review to a conceptual framework for affordable quality
healthcare service using internet of things (IOT) network, International
Journal of Enterprise Network Management
3) Pankaj Garg Jitender Nagpal (2014) :

In the context of inadequate public spending on health care in India (0.9%
of the GDP); government liberalized its policies in the form of subsidized
lands and tax incentives, resulting in the mushrooming of private
hospitals and clinics in India. Paradoxically, a robust framework was not
developed for the regulation of these health care providers, resulting in
disorganized health sector, inadequate financing models, and lack of
prioritization of services, as well as a sub-optimal achievement of the
Millennium Development Goals (MDG).
4) Dimpal Vij (2019) :
It is not the hidden fact that India’s health care needs serious attention. In
almost all the key health indicators given by World Health Organization
(WHO) we lag behind. According to World Health Statistics of 2018
19
India ranks 145 out of 194 countries. According to NITI Aayog India has
a scarcity of 6 lakh doctors, 20 lakh nurses and 2 lakh dental surgeons
5) Muhammet Gül ,Ali Fuat Guneri (2021) :

The increased focus of people on the quality of health care in recent years
has led hospital owners to develop strategies and policies to improve
medical services through the establishment of new hospitals. For hospitals
to be competitive, the hospitalʼs location and proximity to potential
patients are considered crucial factors in establishing new hospitals
6) Neelmani Jaysawal (2015) :

Rural Health is one of vital elements of rural life. India being a nation of
villages requires an intensive approach towards rural health. Nearly 75
per cent of health infrastructure and other health resources are
concentrated in urban areas. Even if several government programmes for
growth of rural healthcare have been initiated, the procedural delay in
implementation leads to its ineffectiveness.
7) Radhika Kapur (2020) :

Health infrastructure is regarded as a crucial concept, which needs to be
emphasized upon particularly when improvements need to be brought
about in medical and health care facilities
8) Rittu Varkey Justin Joy Prasant kumar Panda (2020) :

The main objective of the study is to empirically examine the relationship
between health infrastructure, health outcome and economic growth for
India at national level and for major states at subnational level.
20
9) Maulik Chokshi ,Benazir Patil , R Khanna , Sutapa Bandyopadhyay
Neogi (2016) :
Health systems and polices have a critical role in determining the manner
in which health services are delivered, utilized and affect health
outcomes. ‘Health’ being a state subject, despite the issuance of the
guidelines by the central government, the final prerogative on
implementation of the initiatives on newborn care lies with the states
10)Nilaish Nilaish(2017) :
This paper reviews the Healthcare Infrastructure of India. We identify

the mar-ket size and other parameters to deﬁne this sector in known formats.
We alsostudy the current Indian Healthcare trends and summarize them in
this paper
21
CHAPTER-3
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND :
Source Data:
Patient satisfaction:
22
Surveys:
Create a survey that patients can fill out either during their stay or after they
leave. The survey can ask questions about their overall experience, the quality
of care they received, the friendliness of staff, the cleanliness of the facilities,
and other factors that may impact their satisfaction
Focus groups:
Gather a group of patients who have recently used your hospital and ask them
questions about their experience. This method allows you to dive deeper into
specific topics and gain more detailed feedback...
Feedback forms:
Provide patients with a feedback form that they can fill out anonymously. The
form can include questions about their experience, as well as any suggestions
they may have for improvement.
Social media monitoring:
Monitor social media channels such as Twitter and Facebook to see what
patients are saying about their experience at your hospital. You can respond to
any negative comments and use the feedback to make improvements.
Patient interviews:
Interview patients in person to gather feedback about their experience. This

method allows you to ask follow-up questions and gain more detailed feedback.
Overall:
The key to collecting patient satisfaction in a hospital is to use a variety of

methods and to consistently gather feedback from patients. This feedback can be
used to identify areas of improvement and to ensure that patients have a positive
experience at your hospital. Collect data in hospitals is crucial for providing
quality patient care, advancing medical knowledge, improving hospital
operations, and complying with regulatory requirements.
Survey Design:
23
Create a survey that is easy to understand, comprehensive, and focuses on key
aspects of the patient experience.
Data Collection Methods:
Determine the best data collection method such as paper-based surveys, phone
interviews, online surveys, or in-person interviews.
Sampling Techniques:
Identify the sample population and appropriate sample size to represent the
hospital's patient population accurately.
Questionnaire Content:
Develop questions that are specific and measurable, designed to gather

information about patient experience.
Data Analysis:
Collect and analyse data to identify key trends, strengths, and areas for
improvement.
Benchmarking:
Compare the hospital's performance against national or industry standards.
Reporting Results:
Communicate the results of the survey in a clear and concise manner, including
recommendations for improvement.
Action Plan:
Develop an action plan to address areas for improvement identified in the

survey
Patient care:
Collecting data on patient's medical history, current symptoms, and treatment

progress helps healthcare providers make informed decisions about patient care.
Clinical research:
24
Data collected in hospitals can be used for clinical research to identify patterns,
causes, and outcomes of diseases and treatments. This research can help
improve patient care and develop new treatments.
Quality improvement:
Hospitals collect data to monitor and improve the quality of care they provide.
By analysing data on patient outcomes, hospital staff can identify areas where
improvements are needed and implement changes to enhance patient safety and
satisfaction
Regulatory compliance:
Hospitals are required to collect certain data to comply with regulations and
accreditation standards. For example, they may need to report data on hospital-
acquired infections or patient outcomes to regulatory agencies.
Financial management:
Data on patient care can be used to manage hospital finances. By analysing

costs and reimbursement rates, hospital administrators can make decisions about
resource allocation and budgeting..
.
25
CHAPTER-4
DATA&ANALYSIS
Table No. 4.1 : NAME OF THE RESPONDERS :
NAME OF THE RESPONDERS : NO. Of

Responses
26
MALE
37
Navaneeth Krishnan 1 Responses
Suman Raj 1 Responses
Dilli Babu. A 1 Responses
Kamaraj.K 1 Responses
Subash 1 Responses
Purusothaman 1 Responses
Sriram.E 1 Responses
Sathish Kumar.S 1 Responses
Gurunathan 1 Responses
Sivashankar 1 Responses
Movan 1 Responses
Bharath.K 1 Responses
Dhana Sekar .A 1 Responses
Dinesh.T 1 Responses
Santhosh 1 Responses
Kathir 1 Responses
Kamalakannan.R.G 1 Responses
Arul.A 1 Responses
Siva.E 1 Responses
Ashok 1 Responses
Madhuvanth 1 Responses
Suthish 1 Responses
Jayachandran.K 1 Responses
Magesh Kumar 1 Responses
Vasanth.K 1 Responses
Viswanathan.B 1 Responses
Velmurugan.R 1 Responses
27
Surya.M 1 Responses
Amarnath.S 1 Responses
Ponkamaraj.G 1 Responses
Jaya Kumar.V 1 Responses
Nirmal Raj. R 1 Responses
Arun 1 Responses
Kathiravan.D 1 Responses
Vignesh 1 Responses
Sanjay 1 Responses
Karan 1 Responses
FEMALE 32
SHALINI 1 Responses
Jenifer.J 1 Responses
Mayilvizhi.K 1 Responses
Abirami.D 1 Responses
Sakayam 1 Responses
Susi 1 Responses
Sneha 1 Responses
Sherin 1 Responses
Sangavi 1 Responses
Rupavathi 1 Responses
Muthu Lakshmi 1 Responses
Manjula 1 Responses
Maha Lakshmi 1 Responses
Keerthana 1 Responses
28
Kanaga 1 Responses
Sowmiya 1 Responses
Gracynethra 1 Responses
Ambika 1 Responses
Baakiyalakshmi 1 Responses
Birunda 1 Responses
Lathika Shri 1 Responses
Yashini 1 Responses
Anushka 1 Responses
Ashwini 1 Responses
Rathika 1 Responses
Nivetha 1 Responses
Swetha 1 Responses
Gayatri 1 Responses
Elakia 1 Responses
Lakshmi Priya 1 Responses
Balatharshini 1 Responses
Rakshita 1 Responses
Source: Primary Data
Graph No. 4.1
29
NAME
1.2
0.8
0.6
NAME
0.4
0.2
0
n .K .E r A ir .E h .K .V D n .K si vi la a a ri ni a a
h na raj am nka ar . ath iva this nth ya.M ar an. ara izhi Su nga nju nag bik a Sh hwi eth Priy
a r a k S S as Su Ku irav K yilv
r m
is i
Kr Kam Sr vas a S
h e K u a Sa Ma Ka Am hik As Sw mi
t h
h i
S han
V ya th a La ks
ee
t Ja Ka M La
n D
va
Na
Inference: From the above it is clearly understood that majority of the

respondents are male’s.
Table No. 4.2 : Gender of the respondents
GENDER RESPONSES
MALE 37
FEMALE 32
Total 69
Graph No. 4.2
30
respondents are male’s. From this it is understood that most of the male’s visits
Rajiv Gandhi Government Hospital.
Table No. 4.3: AGE OF RESPONDENTS
Graph No. 4.3
31
respondents belong to 18-25 age group. From this it is understood that most of
the people belong to 18-25 age group visits the Rajiv Gandhi Government
Hospital.
Table No. 4.4: PROFESSION OF THE RESPONDENTS:
Graph No. 4.4
32
Inference: From the above table it is clearly understood that majority of
the respondents belong to the profession group of Graguated from this it
is understood the people belong to this group of Graguated people mostly come
to Rajiv Gandhi Government Hospital.
Table No. 4.5:MARITAL STATUS :
MARITAL STATUS RESPONSES

MARRIED 21
UNMARRIED 48
Graph No. 4.5
33
MARITAL STATUS
60
50
40
MARITAL STATUS
30
20
10
0
MARRIED UNMARRIED

the respondents belong to the group of unmarried from this it is understood the
people belong to this group of unmarried people mostly come to Rajiv Gandhi
Government Hospital.
Table No. 4.6 : FAMILY MEMBERS :
FAMILY MEMBERS RESPONSES

8 MEMBERS 2 RESPONSES
34
Graph No. 4.6
FAMILY MEMBERS
35
30
25
20
FAMILY MEMBERS
15
10
0
RS RS RS RS RS RS RS
BE BE BE BE BE BE BE
EM EM EM EM EM EM EM
M M M M M M M
8 7 6 5 4 3 2

the respondents belong to the 4 members from this it is understood the people
belong to this group of people mostly come to Rajiv Gandhi Government
Hospital.
Table No. 4.7 : RELIGION OF THE RESPONDERS
RELIGION RESPONSES
HINDU 55 RESPONSES
CHRISTIAN 7 RESPONSES
MUSLIM 5 RESPONSES
OTHER 2 RESPONSES
Graph No. 4.7
35
RELIGION OF THE RESPONDERS
60
50
40
RELIGION OF THE RESPONDERS
30
20
10
0
HINDU CHRISTIAN MUSLIM OTHER

the respondents belong to the Hindu from this it is understood the people belong
to this group of people mostly come to Rajiv Gandhi Government Hospital.
Table No. 4.8: ANNUAL INCOME OF THE RESPONDENTS
Graph No. 4.8
36
Inference: From the above it is clearly understood that majority of respondents
Have their annual income 150000 to 200000. From this it is understood that
most of the people visits Rajiv Gandhi Government Hospital. have their annual
income of 150000 to 200000.
Table No. 4.9: RESPONSES FOR THE QUALITY OF HOSPITAL STAY
37
Graph No. 4.9

respondents are satisfied with the overall quality of care you received during
your hospital stay. Most of the people who visit the hospital are satisfied with
the overall quality of care.
Table No. 4.10: RESPONSES FOR THE INFORMATION PROVIDED

BY THE HOSPITAL STAFF
Graph No. 4.10
38
respondents are satisfied with the information provided by the hospital. Hospital
staff provided clear and understandable information about your condition and
treatment
Table No. 4.11: RESPECT AND DIGNITY GIVEN BY THE STAFF
Graph No. 4.11
39
respondents are satisfied with the staff services from this it is understood that
most of the people who visit the hospital are satisfied with the respect and
dignity given by hospital staff.
Table No. 4.12: RESPONSES FOR THE PAIN MANAGEMENT GIVEN

DURING HOSPITAL STAY
Graph No. 4.12
40
respondents are satisfied with the pain management provided by the hospital.
From this it is understood that most of the people ate satisfied with pain
management during your hospital stay.
Table No. 4.13: RESPONSES FOR THE CARE & TREATMENT

RECEIVED IN TIMELY MANNER
Graph No. 4.13
41
respondents feel happy with the care and treatment you needed in a timely
manner. From this it is understood that most of the people are happy with the
care and treatment you needed in a timely manner.
Table No. 4.14: RESPONSES FOR MAINTENANCE OF PRIVACY &

CONFIDENTIALITY DURING STAY
Graph No. 4.14
42
respondents are happy with their maintenance of their privacy and
confidentiality during your stay most of the people are satisfied with their
privacy maintained by hospital staff.
Table No. 4.15: RATINGS FOR THE RESPONSIVENESS OF HOSPITAL

STAFF TO YOUR NEEDS & CONCERNS
Graph No. 4.15
43
respondents feels good with the responsiveness provided by the hospital staff
from this it is understood that most of the people feels good with responsiveness
of hospital staff to yours needs and concerns during their stay.
Table No. 4.16: RESPONSES FOR EXPLANATION ABOUT

DISCHARGE INSTRUCTION BY STAFF
Graph No. 4.16
44
respondents are satisfied with the instructions provided by the hospital. From
this it is understood that most of the people are satisfied with the discharge
instruction provided by hospital staff.
Table No. 4.17: SATISFACTION LEVEL OF RESPONDENTS ABOUT

CLEANLINESS OF HOSPITAL ROOM & BATHROOM
Graph No. 4.17
45
respondents are satisfied with the cleanliness of your hospital room and
bathroom. From this it is understood that most of the people are satisfied your
hospital room and bathroom.
Table No. 4.18: SATISFACTION LEVEL OF RESPONDENTS ABOUT

THE QUALITY ANDV VARIETY OF FOOD
Graph No. 4.18
46
Inference: From the above it is clearly understood the majority of the
respondents are satisfied with the quality and variety of the food provided
during your hospital stay. From this it is understood that most of the people are
satisfied with the quality and variety of the food provided by the hospital.
Table No. 4.19: RECOMMENDATION OF HOSPITAL TO FRIENDS

AND FAMILY
Graph No. 4.19
47
respondents are in decision of neutral. From this it is understood that most of the
people are in neutral with the point of recommendation of this hospital to friends
and family.
Table No. 4.20: RESPONSES FOR INFORMATION GIVEN ABOUT

DELAYS OR CHANGES IN TREATMENT
Graph No. 4.20
48
respondents are satisfied with the reports which they receive from hospital.
Form this it is understood that most of the people are satisfied that they were
kept informed about any delays or changes in your treatment or care plan.
49
CHAPTER - 5
FINDING AND CONCLUSION
FINDING AND CONCLUSION

50
FINDING:
From the above it is clearly understood that majority of the respondents are
male’s.
male’s. From this it is understood that most of the male’s visits Rajiv Gandhi
Government Hospital.
From the above it is clearly understood that majority of the respondents

belong to 18-25 age group. From this it is understood that most of the people
belong to 18-25 age group visits the Rajiv Gandhi Government Hospital.
From the above table it is clearly understood that majority of the

respondents belong to the profession group of Graguated from this it
is understood the people belong to this group of Graguated people mostly
come to Rajiv Gandhi Government Hospital.

respondents belong to the group of unmarried from this it is understood the
unmarried people belong to this group of unmarried people mostly come to
Rajiv Gandhi Government Hospital

respondents belong to the 4 members from this it is understood the people
belong to this group of people mostly come to Rajiv Gandhi Government
Hospital.

respondents belong to the Hindu from this it is understood the people belong to
this group of people mostly come to Rajiv Gandhi Government Hospital.
From the above it is clearly understood that majority of respondents Have

their annual income 150000 to 200000. From this it is understood that most of
51
the people visits Rajiv Gandhi Government Hospital. have their annual income
of 150000 to 200000.
satisfied with the overall quality of care you received during your hospital stay.
Most of the people who visit the hospital are satisfied with the overall quality of
care.
satisfied with the overall quality of care you received during your hospital stay.
Most of the people who visit the hospital are satisfied with the overall quality of
care.
satisfied with the staff services from this it is understood that most of the people
who visit the hospital are satisfied with the respect and dignity given by hospital
staff.
satisfied with the pain management provided by the hospital. From this it is
understood that most of the people ate satisfied with pain management during
your hospital stay.
From the above it is clearly understood that majority of the respondents feel
happy with the care and treatment you needed in a timely manner. From this it is
understood that most of the people are happy with the care and treatment you
needed in a timely manner.
happy with their maintenance of their privacy and confidentiality during your
stay most of the people are satisfied with their privacy maintained by hospital
staff.
From the above it is clearly understood that majority of the respondents

feels good with the responsiveness provided by the hospital staff from this it is
understood that most of the people feels good with responsiveness of hospital
staff to yours needs and concerns during their stay.
52
satisfied with the instructions provided by the hospital. From this it is
understood that most of the people are satisfied with the discharge instruction
provided by hospital staff.
satisfied with the cleanliness of your hospital room and bathroom. From this it is
understood that most of the people are satisfied your hospital room and
bathroom.
From the above it is clearly understood the majority of the respondents are
satisfied with the quality and variety of the food provided during your hospital
stay. From this it is understood that most of the people are satisfied with the
quality and variety of the food provided by the hospital.
in decision of neutral. From this it is understood that most of the people are in
neutral with the point of recommendation of this hospital to friends and family.
satisfied with the reports which they receive from hospital. Form this it is
understood that most of the people are satisfied that they were kept informed
about any delays or changes in your treatment or care plan.
53
CONCLUSION:
Hospitals play a crucial role in providing medical care to individuals and
communities, and are often at the forefront of responding to public health
emergencies and crisis. The success of a hospital depends on a number of
factors, including the quality of its facilities, the expertise and dedication of its
staff, and the availability of funding and resources. Hospitals face a number of
challenges, including rising healthcare costs, staff shortages, and increasing
demand for services from an aging population. To address these challenges,
hospitals may need to implement innovative solutions, such as adopting new
technologies, developing more efficient care models, and collaborating with
other healthcare providers and community organizations. Overall, hospitals are
an essential component of our healthcare system, and will continue to play a
critical role in ensuring the health and well-being of individuals and
communities in the years to come.
54
BIBLIOGRAPHY
55
REFERENCES:
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September 2013. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
Amarjothi, J. M. V. Jesudasan, Jeyasudhahar, Ramasamy, Villalan, Jose,

Livin (2020). History of Medicine: The origin and evolution of the first modern
hospital in India. The National Medical Journal of India.
 Eight-storeyed outpatient building coming up at GH. The Hindu. Chennai:

Kasturi & Sons. 11 August 2018. Retrieved 20 October 2018
 Hamid, Zubeda (20 August 2012). "The medical capital's place in history".
The Hindu. Chennai. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
History: 1639 A.D. TO 1700 A.D." ChennaiBest.com. Archived from the

original on 9 October 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
Ramya Raman & Anantanarayanan Raman (23 August 2022). "On the
quarter-millennial anniversary of the Madras General Hospital". The National
Medical Journal of India.
.Sriram, V. (23 February 2015). "A brief history of the General Hospital – a
Chennai landmark". Madras Heritage and Carnatic Music. V. Sriram. Retrieved
30 December 2022.
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.Kumar, G. Pramod (21 March 2012). "Once capital of illegal kidney trade,
Chennai now a pioneer in transplants". Firstpost.com. Firstpost.India. Retrieved
15 September 2012.
.Govt hospital performs its 1000th kidney transplant". Health India.com.

Health.India.com. 21 March 2012. Archived from the original on 26 January
2013. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
Pay wards at General Hospital soon". The Hindu. Chennai. 21 April 2007.
Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
.GH gets new dialysis centre". The Hindu. Chennai. 15 March 2013.
Retrieved 19 March 2013.
New building for outpatients at Rajiv Gandhi Government General

Hospital". The Hindu. Chennai: Kasturi & Sons. 11 August 2018. Retrieved 30
December 2022.
New building for outpatients at Rajiv Gandhi Government General

Hospital". The Hindu. Chennai: Kasturi & Sons. 11 August 2018. Retrieved 30
December 2022.
Precise radiation therapy soon at Chennai GH". The Hindu. Chennai. 20

October 2013. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
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Josephine, M. Serena (20 October 2018). "Two govt. hospitals in Chennai
to have 'seamless laboratories'". The Hindu. Chennai: Kasturi & Sons. Retrieved
20 October 2018.
Josephine, M. Serena (28 April 2019). "Chennai's third full-fledged

emergency dept. at KMC". The Hindu. Chennai: Kasturi & Sons. Retrieved 2
May 2019.
Three buildings built at Rs 55.33 crore idle at Chennai government hospital,

says CAG report". The Indian Express. Chennai: Express Publications. 24 June
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Chennai Government General Hospital treats up to 10,000 outpatients

daily". The Hindu. Chennai. 23 January 2006. Archived from the original on 25
January 2013. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
Sujatha (24 May 2012). "MoU signed by Rajiv Gandhi Government

General Hospital, Chennai & MOHAN Foundation". Mohan Foundation.
Retrieved 21 June 2012.
100 cadaver transplants later, GH still going strong". The Hindu. Chennai. 2
February 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
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Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital canteen with ramps soon".
Deccan Chronicle. Chennai. 20 August 2013. Archived from the original on 20
August 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
Fire at Chennai's Rajiv Gandhi govt hospital; no casualties, 33 patients

shifted". Hindustan Times. Chennai. 27 April 2022. Retrieved 30 December
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29 April 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
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59

A Study of Imports and Exports in India

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A Project report of Under Graduate in Economics

Under the Guidance of

Dr. A. Kasirajan, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D.,

Assistant Professor in Economics

P.G. AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

RAMAKRISHNA MISSION VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE

MYLAPORE, CHENNAI-600 004

IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO

CHENNAI” is a bonafied work of KUMARESAN.K, Register No: 2013271018063, who

for the partial fulfillment of the award of the Bachelor of Arts.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the

this project report titled “THE STUDY OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN

GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO

Arts in Economics by the University of Madras.

diploma, associate fellowship or other similar titles.

PLACE: CHENNAI KUMARESAN.K

I take this opportunity to thanks to express my gratitude and indebtedness to

guidance and valuable suggestions for the completion of my project.

I express my gratitude to Dr. A.Kasirajan , Assistant Professor, P.G. and Research

which helped me in complete the report.

my subject as well as for my career growth.

2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 18-21

5 FINDING AND CONCLUSION

Dispensaries attached to the hospital include Government Secretariat

The hospital is the first in the government sector to have a full-fledged

In 2015–2016, construction of four multi-storied blocks began at a cost of

In this issue, we focus on the infrastructure workstream of the Future Hospital

Infrastructure is a key pillar supporting the fundamental aim of promoting

The Government of Orissa has developed a comprehensive Orissa Health Sector

To control the spread of diseases and reduce the growing rates of

The uneven distribution of health care facility and attainment of health

The healthcare services in the district are predominantly centered on the

Hospitals also have a responsibility to promote public health by educating

Another objective of hospitals is to conduct medical research to improve

Education and Training:

Hospitals also play a crucial role in educating and training healthcare

Hospitals aim to provide a positive patient experience by ensuring that patients

Some of the specific objectives of a hospital may include:

Treating and managing acute and chronic illnesses

Conducting medical research to develop new treatments and improve

1) Andrea Brambilla , Andrea Rebecchi , Stefano Capolongo : (2019)

2) Sanjay Mohapatra , Sanjana Mohapatra (2018) :

3) Pankaj Garg Jitender Nagpal (2014) :

5) Muhammet Gül ,Ali Fuat Guneri (2021) :

6) Neelmani Jaysawal (2015) :

7) Radhika Kapur (2020) :

8) Rittu Varkey Justin Joy Prasant kumar Panda (2020) :

This paper reviews the Healthcare Infrastructure of India. We identify

Social media monitoring:

Interview patients in person to gather feedback about their experience. This

The key to collecting patient satisfaction in a hospital is to use a variety of

Data Collection Methods:

Develop questions that are specific and measurable, designed to gather

Compare the hospital's performance against national or industry standards.

Develop an action plan to address areas for improvement identified in the

Collecting data on patient's medical history, current symptoms, and treatment

Data on patient care can be used to manage hospital finances. By analysing

Table No. 4.1 : NAME OF THE RESPONDERS :

NAME OF THE RESPONDERS : NO. Of

Navaneeth Krishnan 1 Responses

Suman Raj 1 Responses