PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

QUARTER 1 – MODULE 1

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 Republic of the Philippines
department of Education
Region I
PANGASINAN DIVISION II
Binalonan, Pangasinan

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
(MODULE 1/KNOWING ONESELF
GRADE 11
QUARTER 1, WEEK 1)

MELC:
● Explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths
and limitations and dealing with others better. EsP-PD11/12KO-Ia-1.1
● Share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences. EsP-
PD11/12KO-Ia-1.2

Objectives:
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths and limitations and dealing
with others better,
2. Share one’s unique characteristics, habits, and experiences,
3. Design a personal timeline that shows one’s qualities.

Prepared by:

DIANNE MAE R. ACENAS, Ph.D

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 Teacher III
Rosales National High School
PART I.

A. Introduction
Hello, young learners!
On this module, as we immerse ourselves in ‘Knowing Ourselves”, it is necessary to know some similar
topic that pertains in the study of self. This may include individuals in seeing our “self” as a growing person
inside the society, and this may discuss the holistic aspects of the self.

B. Discussion
Self-Concept
Imagine yourself looking into a mirror. What do you see? Do you see your ideal self or your actual
self? Self-concept refers to your awareness of yourself. It is the construct that negotiates these two selves. In
other words, it connotes first the identification of the ideal self as separate from others, and second, it
encompasses all the behaviors evaluated in the actual self that you engage in to reach the ideal self.
Self-concept is how we perceive our behaviors, abilities, and unique characteristics.1 For example,
beliefs such as "I am a good friend" or "I am a kind person" are part of an overall self-concept. 2. Our self-
perception is important because it affects our motivations, attitudes, and behaviors. It also impacts how we
feel about the person we think we are, including whether we are competent or if we have self-worth.
Self-concept tends to be more malleable when we're younger and still going through the process of self-
discovery and identity formation. As we age and learn who we are and what's important to us, these self-
perceptions become much more detailed and organized.

Rogers' Three Parts of Self-Concept

Humanist psychologist Carl Rogers believed that self-concept is made up of three different parts:
1. Ideal self: The ideal self is the person you want to be. This person has the attributes or qualities you
are either working toward or want to possess. It's who you envision yourself to be if you were
exactly as you wanted.
2. Self-image: Self-image refers to how you see yourself at this moment in time. Attributes like
physical characteristics, personality traits, and social roles all impact your self-image.
3. Self-esteem: How much you like, accept, and value yourself all contribute to your self-concept in the
form of self-esteem. Self-esteem can be impacted by a number of factors—including how others see
you, how you think you compare to others, and your role in society.
Your ideal self is the self that you aspire to be. It is the one that you hope will possess characteristics
similar to that of a mentor or some other worldly figure. Your actual self, however, is the one that you
actually see. It is the self that has characteristics that you were nurtured or, in some cases, born to have.
The actual self and the ideal self are two broad categories of self-concept
Self-concept is not always aligned with reality. When it is aligned, your self-concept is said to be
congruent. If there is a mismatch between how you see yourself (your self-image) and who you wish you
were (your ideal self), your self-concept is incongruent. This incongruence can negatively impact self-
esteem. Rogers believed that incongruence has its earliest roots in childhood. When parents place conditions
on their affection for their children (only expressing love if children "earn it" through certain behaviors and
living up to the parents' expectations), children begin to distort the memories of experiences that leave them
feeling unworthy of their parents' love.
Unconditional love, on the other hand, helps to foster congruence. Children who experience such
love—also referred to as family love—feel no need to continually distort their memories in order to believe
that other people will love and accept them as they are. Source: https://www.verywellmind.com

There are several factors that shape self-concept. Among them are your own observations, feedback
from others and cultural values.
1. Your Own Observations

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 In the process of self-introspection, that may help you reevaluate your motivations and, in real-time,
observing what you do at this moment is one of the significant information about your interest or dislike.
During early childhood, we start observing our behavior and drawing conclusions about ourselves. We are
aware of what we do; we dislike; can and cannot do. Although, when we are still children, our observations
are not entirely correct or sometimes subject to change and entirely up to us, to retain or to improve. We
even compare our observed selves from others. In social comparison theory, people need to compare
themselves with others in order to gain insight into their own behavior (Festinger, 1954; Goethals & Darley,
1977; Wood, 1989). The potential impact of such social comparison was dramatically demonstrated in an
interesting study (Morse & Gergen, 1970).

2. Feedback from Others

Positive and negative criticisms also create an impact on self-concept. People talk about us or how
they discriminate us give an important aspect in shaping the self-concept. The amount of criticism, feedback
we sometimes freely give, helps shape the current self-concept of what we choose to be or not. As we grow
old, the number of significant and non-significant people in our lives also grows. Everyone contributes in
reshaping the self-concept. Even our ability to accomplish something or destroy ourselves comes from
painful remarks or constructive criticism of others. In child-rearing, especially the parents, has a unique and
essential role in reinforcing and shaping the self-concept. As children, we receive direct feedback from
them. Their constant approval and disapproval set guidelines for what should be or not, shaping and
inputting the values and characteristics of the children and, later, becoming what they are when they grow.
The saying “Kung ano ang puno ay siyang bunga”, is a testament output family values instilled in
childhood rearing practices. Aside from children comparing their actions from others, they also compare
themselves to their parents.That is why sometimes, even when our parents are gone, we still have their
characteristics and values; we unconsciously accept this as our self-concept, along with their approvals and
disapprovals. Most of us, especially when we are young, take this sort of feedback to heart. Thus, it is no
surprise that studies find an association between parents’ views of a child and the child’s self-concept
(Wylie, 1979). There is even more substantial evidence for a relationship between children’s perception of
their parents’ attitudes toward them and their self-perception (Wylie, 1979).

3. Cultural Values/ Cultural Guidelines

Self-concept is also indirectly influenced by cultural values. In the study of Cultural Psychology, in
this age of technology and social media, we accept our differences, especially on how we accept the culture
and beliefs of others. Japanese society does not tolerate corruption; the Philippines has always been
influenced or has always had that familial clinging of thinking and protectiveness. The Chinese have always
thought to have a strong business minded stand in their points of view. The society in which we are raised
defines what is “good” and “bad” in personality and behavior. American culture tends to put a premium on
individuality, competitive success, strength and skills. These cultural values influence how we interpret our
behavior. In the Philippines, our cultural values were shaped by historical colonization, which is evident in
our present society, particularly our strong family ties. Another is cultural hospitality that is deemed
acceptable as our nature. Even the dismal corruption that has been the perennial problem of the country also
shaped the tolerance of Filipinos as a way of answering societal problems.

4. Having Self-knowledge stems from the actual – self. It derives from our social interactions of
society that provide insight into how others react to us. It is the same as gaining feedback from others. The
reaction of other people is an essential aspect of gaining actual-self or our self-image. Even our social roles
are adjusted, on how we view ourselves today, and how ideally (ideal self) what we would like to be in the
future. There is a negotiation that exists between the two selves, which is complicated by numerous
exchanges between the ideal self and actual self. These exchanges are exemplified in these social roles, and
they are adjust and actual self. These exchanges are exemplified in these social roles, and they are adjusted
continuously and re-adjusted.
Build on your Strengths and Work on your Weaknesses

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 Most failures emanate from weaknesses that are not recognized or probably recognized but not given
appropriate attention or remedy. This could be a weakness in communications, personality or ability. Instead
of giving up or indulging in self-pity, take action. Go for speech lessons, get skills upgrading, attend
personality development sessions or whatever appropriate remedies to your perceived weakness.
Instead of simply focusing on your weaknesses, recognize your own talents and abilities, build on
them, utilize them to your greatest advantage. This is where you can build your name and popularity.
Physically challenged people like Jose Feliciano and other blind singers did not brood over their physical
disabilities. They recognize that they have a golden voice so they search for ways to enrich that talent and
now they have won international fame in the field of music. Source: Roldan, Amelia S. 2003. On Becoming
a Winner: A Workbook on Personality Development and Character Building. AR Skills Development and
Management Services (SDMS), Paranaque City, Metro Manila.

C. Examples
Figure 1:
ACTUAL SELF/ SELF-IMAGE IDEAL SELF
How I actually see myself How would like to see myself in the
future

SOCIAL SELF IDEAL SOCIAL SELF

How others actually see me How would like others to see me

Figure 2:
INCONGRUENCE CONGRUENCE

SELF-IMAGE IDEAL-SELF SELF-ESTEEM

SELF-IMAGE
IDEAL SELF

SELF-
WORTH/
SELF-
ESTEEM

Part II. Activity Proper

Activity 1: Self-Concept Inventory
Directions: Look at your own self-concept and answer the following self-concept inventory on a
separate sheet. Give yourself a rating using the scale: 0 = very weak; 1 = weak; 2 = somewhat
weak/somewhat strong; 3 = strong; 4 = very strong

1. I have strong sex appeal.

2. I am proud of my physical figure.
3. I am physically attractive and beautiful/handsome.
4. I exude with charm and poise.
5. I can easily get along with.
6. I can adjust to different people and different situations.
7. I am approachable; other people are at ease and comfortable with me.
8. I am lovable and easy to love.
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9. I am a fast learner, can understand instruction easily.
10. I am intelligent.
11. I have special talents and abilities.
12. I can easily analyze situations and make right judgments.
13. I can be trusted in any transaction.
14. I have a clean conscience and carry no guilty feeling.
15. I have integrity and good reputation.
16. My friends and classmates can look up to me as a model worth emulating.
17. I can express my ideas without difficulty.
18. I talk in a persuasive manner that I can easily get people to accept what I say.
19. I can express my ideas in writing without difficulty.
20. I am a good listener.
21. I am emotionally stable and not easily rattled when faced with trouble.
22. I am logical and rational in my outlook and decisions.
23. I feel and act with confidence.
24. I am a mature person.

Scoring: Copy this table on a separate sheet. Write your score opposite each number and get the subtotal.
Physical appeal Human Relations Intelligence
1 5 9
2 6 10
3 7 11
4 8 12
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:
Character Communications Maturity
13 17 21
14 18 22
15 19 23
16 20 24
Subtotal: Subtotal: Subtotal:

2. Reflective Assessment: Essay Writing

Look at the results of your self-concept inventory and answer the following questions.
a. In what areas do you consider yourself strong (with score 14-16 or somewhat weak (score of 10-13) and
very weak (below 10)?
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
b. Are there qualities you consider as your weakness?What are these? _____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Source: Roldan, Amelia S. (2003). On Becoming a Winner: A Workbook on Personality Development and
Character Building. AR Skills Development and Management Services (SDMS), Paranaque City, Metro
Manila.

Activity 2: My Banner – The Treasure Within Me

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Directions: Copy the banner on a piece of paper. In the spaces indicated by numbers, write down what is
being asked in each item.
1 and 2 two things I do very well
3 and 4 my two greatest achievements in life
5 what in myself am I proudest of
7 my happiest moment
8 positive words that my friends use to describe me
` 9 personal goal that I have already achieved
10 three blessings for which I am most thankful to God
11 three of my positive qualities
12 difficulties, challenges and problems that I was able to solve and
overcome
Guide Questions:
1. What do you consider as your weaknesses?
2. What are the remedies you will take to improve or compensate for your weakness?
3. What do you consider as your strengths?
4. How can you further enrich your assets and strengths?
Source: Department of Education Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg. DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Rubrics/Scoring Guide:
Criteria Score Score Obtained
Content and Organization 10
Neatness 10
Originality 10
Total 30

Part III. Summative Evaluation

A. Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. The “actual-self” is synonymous with what psychological word?
a. the future self
b. the authentic self
c. the present self
d. the false self
2. The Self-Concept is the collection of ___.
a. hardships and sufferings that we experience inside of society
b. our compelling comparison of ourselves to the future and present self.
c. our beliefs, unique qualities and typical behavior that manifest to that unique individual
d. our feelings inside and constant re-assessment of these emotions as we respond to our
environment.
3. There are two categories of the self that makes up the Self-Concept. These are ___.
a. the factual and false Self
b. the authentic and fake Self
c. the present and future Self
d. behavior and character
4. Having criticism in our lives is a necessity in shaping our self-concept. Which of the following is
contrary to this statement?

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 a. Allan tells those who criticize his work, to leave him, because they are not the ones who
actually had a hard time doing his work.
b. Rebecca, constantly tells his/her students to be open-minded and open for new developments
for people who show approval or disapproval of their work.
c. Milo is usually upset when someone criticizes his TVE project, but after soiling, he gets back
to his work and show more determination and enthusiasm for his homework.
d. Perola, always tells herself, that both constructive and disapproval statements are key
ingredients in becoming a better person.
5. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
a. Feedback
b. Social Comparison Theory
c. Cultural Values
d. Self-Concept
B. Identification. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer inside the box. Write your answer on a
separate paper.

Self-esteem G. Actual Self

Self-concept H. Self-image
Carl Rogers I. Social introspection
Ideal Self J. Ideal Social Self
Self-knowledge K. Friendship
Unconditional love L. Social Self

1. It refers to your awareness of yourself.

2. It is a self that how we aspire to be.
3. It is how others perceive you as a person.
4. It is the self who we actually are. It is how we think, how we feel, look, and act.
5. What is the other term for actual self?
______6. It is the type of the self how much you like, accept and value yourself.
______7. Who studied the self-concept?
______8. It is one of the factors of self-concept that may help you reevaluate your motivations and, in real-
time, observing what you do at this moment is one of the significant information about your interest or
dislike.
______9. What helps you foster congruence in self-concept?
______10. It is the self that has characteristics that you were nurtured or, or in some cases, born to have.

C. Performance Task
1.Personal Timeline
Directions: Design your personal timeline and draw or paste a picture of you when you were in elementary,
in high school, and now that you are in senior high school. Below the picture, list down your dominant
characteristics that you remember.
Example:

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 Elementary Self Highschool Self Senior high school self

2. Reflective Assessment: Essay Writing

Based from your personal timeline, what were the significant changes in your personality that defines your
present self?

Rubrics/Scoring Guide:
Criteria Score Score Obtained
Content and Organization 10
Neatness 10
Originality 10
Total 30
Keys to Correction:

A. Multiple Choice
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. D

B. Identification
1. B
2. D
3. L
4. G
5. H
6. E
7. C
8. I
9. F
10. H

C. Performance Task- Answers may vary

Rubrics/Scoring Guide:
Criteria Score Score Obtained
Content and Organization 10
Neatness 10
Originality 10
Total 30

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References

A. Journals and Books

Sanchez, Bo. (2006). Life Dreams Success Journal: Your Powerful Tool to Achieve and Surpass
Your Dreams One Step at a Time. Shepherd’s Voice Publishing.
Roldan, Amelia S. (2003). On Becoming a Winner: A Workbook on Personality Development and
Character Building. AR Skills Development and Management Services (SDMS), Paranaque City,
Metro Manila.
Festinger, Leon. (1954). A Theory of Social Comparison Processes. Human Relations, 7, p. 117-140.

B. Government Publications
Department of Education Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor,
Bonifacio Bldg. DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

C. Online and Other Sources

https://www.verywellmind.com)

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