Unit 4 Safety Management: Definition of Accident
Unit 4 Safety Management: Definition of Accident
Unit 4
Safety Management
DEFINITION OF ACCIDENT
Accidents
Internal External
Major Minor
Fatal Disability
Permanent Temporary
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1. Minor Accidents:
2. Reportable Accidents:
Injuries caused to the worker prevent him from working for the period of 48
hours or more.
Supervisor should do reporting to the higher management.
Accident is little complicated than the minor accident.
3. Fatal Accidents
5. Internal Accidents:
• Injury without showing external signs (e.g. fractured bone) is called as internal
accidents.
6. External Accidents:
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7. Major Accident:
8. Temporary Accident:
Injury after accident disables a worker for a short period/a day/a week.
9. Permanent Accident:
1. Construction accident:
Accident occurs at construction site. These accidents are often happening and
injuries are serious.
4. Mining accidents:
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Causes of accidents:
Causes of accidents:
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PREVENTIVE MEASURES
1. Safe Working Methods: Operations in the factory must be designed considering
safety first Possibility of accident should be eliminated. Prior care must be taken
for that, while deciding the methods and operations.
2. Proper Selection of Workers: Disciplined, mentally stable, emotionally balanced
and alert people always work in safe manner. Workers with above qualities, with
good motive of work must be selected for the work. The attitude and aptitude of
workers must be tested through various psychological tests and interviews at the
time of selection.
3. Training for Safe Working: Training gives knowledge of work, which improves
person's attitude and gives correct direction. Trained employees work safely.
Proper workers with proper training are the better manpower to be employed. So
training of workers is the assurance of safe working. Hence, training is one of the
preventive measures to avoid accidents.
4. Accident Prone Areas: Survey of industrial processes, plant layout, material
transportation, sensitive operations helps us to understand where the possibility of
accident is more. Corrective actions and prevention can be taken at such places.
Instructions regarding the same make awareness among the concerned authorities
or employees and thus accidents can be avoided.
5. Safety Devices: During the industrial operations prevention can be taken by
using safety devices. Helmets, goggles, breathe purifiers, pads, hand gloves, safety
shoes, aprons, protection shields are some of the personal safety devices which can
be used. It depends on the type of process and kind of body exposure. Unnecessary
extra care which creates difficulties in work must be avoided. Persons must be
trained to use the safety devices effectively.
6. Safety Program: A systematic working with safety is possible through
establishment of Safety
Department. This department will be dedicated for safety related work only. A
complete schedule for safety awareness will be carried out by the same. Workers
can be educated by conducting various safety programs and imparting trainings to
make them conscious for safety.
7. Safety Provisions:
Fencing of rotary and moving parts.
Provision of fire extinguishing equipment.
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SAFETY PROCEDURES
Safety procedure includes following:
1. Develop, establish and maintain plans for safety.
2. Define policies for administration of a safety program which will include safety
training, industrial safety, safe working conditions etc.
3. Providing accident prevention guidance to staff.
4. Developing safety education, award programs to create safety awareness.
5. Reviewing documents related to safety, and directions mentioned in handbooks.
6. Understanding legal systems related to accidents and deciding policies
accordingly.
7. Providing Safety engineering at workplace.
8. Short term and long term planning for safety factors related to technical
developments and 1991associated operational methods.
9. Formation of Safety Department with dedicated staff for the same function.
10. Establishing procedures of safe working.
11. Checking the ground reality and finding accidents.
12. Handling workman's compensation claims and correspondences after
unfortunate occasions.
13. Provision of safety aids first aid services near the workplace.
14. Documentation related to accidents should be maintained.
15. Evaluating and approving safety practices in potentially hazardous
areas/operations.
16. Ensure that, the health and safety of all employees are taken care.
17. Accident analysis to learn in future for no repetitions of the same. specified
time frame/area. It sets out the precautions required to complete the work safely,
based on a risk management.
Features of Permit-to-Work Systems:
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9. Pressure testing.
10. Escape or rescue systems.
11. Critical lifting, use of mobile cranes.
12. Work at height.
13. Operational pipelines.
14. Work near energized lines.
15. Should not be used for all activities, if not necessary
When PTW not required:
1. Emergency 2. Routine activity.
Definitions in Work Permits:
Responsible person: is a person authorized by manager who will responsible for
keeping his staff safe.
Issuer is a person who is trained competent and authorized to issue a permit to
work after ensuring that all the hazards, associated with the work being done in
that area and all necessary safety precautions are being implemented to ensure that
the work can be completed safely.
Executor is a person who is trained, competent and authorized who is responsible
for the work being completed as described in the permit to work.
Field operator: is a competent person and supports the isolator at site, checks the
site compliance to permit conditions and signs the permit.
Types of work permits:
1. Cold work.
2. Hot work.
3. Confined space.
4. Excavation.
5. Radiography. Cold work permit: A cold work permit shall be obtained for all
general work that does not involve activities related to hot work.
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Examples: Routine maintenance, inspection, hand tools. Hot work permit: It is any
work that could create a source of ignition that could result in a fire or explosion.
Examples: Spark producing tools, hammering in high risk gas areas, explosives,
welding etc.
Elements of Work Permits System:
1. Issue. 2. Receipt, 3. Clearance, 4. Cancellation
1. Issue:
It means pre-job checks.
Description of work to be carried out.
Description of plant and location.
Assessment of hazards.
Identification of controls.
2. Receipt:
It means handover of permit.
Competent and authorized person issues permit to workers.
Workers sign to say they accept controls.
Work can now start.
Plant is now under the control of the workers.
3. Clearance:
It means hand back of permit.
Workers sign to say they have left the job site and equipment can restart.
4. Cancellation:
Authorized person accept plant back and can remove isolations etc.
Plant is now returned to the control of the site.
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