Job

Hazard
Analysis
What is a Job?
Job Hazard Analysis
What is a Task?
Job Hazard Analysis
 Job Hazard
Analysis
Job Safety Analysis
Task Hazard Analysis
What is a

JOB
What is a JOB

• referred to as occupation
• paid position or employment
• includes a variety of tasks
• includes duties and responsibilities (JD)
What is a TASK

• is a specific activity that needs to be completed

to achieve a particular goal or objective
• can be simple or complex
o simple: answering emails or filing paperwork
o complex: designing a new product,
conducting market research, or preparing a
financial report.
Job? Task?
Job? Task?
Hazards
• Unsafe Acts
• Unsafe Conditions
BENEFITS
JOB
HAZARD
ANALYSIS
JHA
• can prevent work-
related death, injuries
or illnesses
o by eliminating or
controlling
identified hazards.
• can ensure that the
workers have the
training, equipment
and supplies to do
their jobs safely
JHA
• can help in developing
or improving your
accident prevention
program
• becomes your
Standard Job
Procedure (SJP) for
specific tasks of
workers
• keeps people safe
JHA
• allows you to identify
the skills and training
needed to perform a
task safely
Benefits
helps to create a
safer workplace by
identifying hazards,
assessing risks,
developing safety
procedures,
providing training,
and promoting
continuous
improvement.
WHEN TO
CONDUCT
JOB
HAZARD
ANALYSIS
Criteria
Selecting Task or
Job to Analyze
Criteria in
Selecting Task/Job to Analyze
1. High Frequency of Accidents
2. Increase Occurrence of Near-
Miss
3. History of Serious Accidents /
Fatalities
4. Potential for Serious Harm
5. New Jobs
6. Changes in Processes,
Procedures or Standards
Create a

JHA Team
• to analyze a job/task in the
workplace and spot hazards that
may cause accidents
• to identify the order in to anaylze
the job/task being done or
supervised
• to use the information obtained
from the JHA, to improve safety
and health of the workers
Create a

JHA Team
• Supervisors – frontline personnel
responsible for making change
• Employee – person most familiar
with the job/task
• Safety Professional
• Engineers – as technical advisor
 J O B HAZAR D ANALYS I S
a simple but powerful tool to identify and control
hazards, thereby providing safe work environment.
 J O B HAZAR D ANALYS I S
a process for breaking down a task into its component
steps and evaluating each step for hazards
J O B HAZAR D ANALYS I S
focuses on the relationship between the worker
and his task, tools, and work environment
J O B HAZAR D ANALYS I S
an effective method in developing safe work
procedures for specific jobs and its tasks
JHA Strategies
Job Hazard Analysis

1. Direct Observation
• go to the work area where the
work is being done to observe
actual performance of the task
2. Assemble a Team of Experts
• Experts are those experienced
doing the task, i.e. workers,
supervisors, foreman
• The team works together to
analyze the task
Conduct JHA
Steps on How to
1) Select/Identify the job/task to
be analyzed
2) Break down the task into
specific steps
• Divide the task into small-
specific steps to ease
analysis
3) Identify the hazards associated
with each step.
Conduct JHA
Steps on How to
4) Determine the risk of each
hazard
• Evaluate the likelihood and
severity of each hazard,
and determine the risk
level associated with each
one.
Conduct JHA
Steps on How to
5) Identify/Develop control
measures
• that can be implemented to
reduce or eliminate the risk
of each hazard
• engineering controls,
administrative controls, or
personal protective
equipment
Conduct JHA
Steps on How to
6) Implement the control
measures. Controls must be
monitored for effectiveness
7) Review and update the JHA:
Regularly review and update
the JHA to ensure that it
remains accurate and
effective.
1. Select/Identify the
job/task to be analyzed
Involve the employees
• they know their job/tasks
and its hazards
• to reduce oversight, to
ensure a real analysis.
• since they are the ones
that will benefit directly
• List the individual steps on
the left-hand column.
• Use simple action phrases
that are short/on point
• Steps should always be
numbered to indicate the
order
2. Break down the task
into specific steps
Identify all of the existing or
potential actions or
conditions that could lead to
an injury or illness, or harm to
the environment.
Break Down the Task
• Watch the employee perform
the job and list each step as
the worker performs it.
• Record enough information to
describe each step
• Avoid “too detailed
breakdown
of steps”, making it lengthy
• Make sure to include all
necessary basic steps
• Review the list or break down
of steps with the worker
Breaking job into Basic Steps!
 Watch the best operator perform
the job during normal operations.
 Most jobs can be described in
less than 10 steps.
 Combine steps if appropriate.
 Record steps in sequence & begin
with an action verb.
Drill Bit Operation
Example
Example: Drill Press Operation

As part of a contract order, a drill press operator at a small machine

shop is required to drill a hole through the center of a one-half
inch thick steel plate. The plates measure 4” x 2”.
The stock is passed through a degreasing solvent bath and delivered
in a hanging wire basket by overhead conveyor to the drill press
operator, who must remove the basket from the conveyor and
place it on a work table.
The drill press operator must hold the stock in position by hand while
the crank is turned to move the drill into and out of the stock.
After drilling, the stock is placed in a bin to the right for pick up.
Example: Drill Press Operation
TASK Drill Press Operation

STEPS Transfer plate

from basket to DRILL PRESS Transfer plate to
drill press finished parts bin
ACTIONS
Remove basket Press and hold plate Remove drilled plate
from conveyor against guides from drill press
Place basket Switch drill press on Place drilled plate in
on work table finished parts bin
Turn crank to lower
Remove plate drill bit into plate
from basket
Lift crank to raise d. bit
Position plate
on drill press Switch drill press off
Practice Exercise
Identifying Basic Job steps
Job Description: As you leave for work today,
you discover that your car has a flat tire. The
car is parked on level ground, and the parking
brake is already set. The bumper jack and the
spare tire are both in good condition and
stored in the car’s trunk.
 Break job down into key steps

AVOID!!

making the breakdown so detailed that an

unnecessarily large number of steps results
making the job breakdown so general that
basic steps are not recorded
 Key Steps TOO MUCH

Changing a Flat Tire

 Pull off road

 Put car in “park”
 Set brake
 Activate emergency flashers
 Open door
 Get out of car
 Walk to trunk
 Put key in lock
 Open trunk
 Remove jack
 Remove Spare tire
 Key Steps NOT ENOUGH
Changing a Flat Tire

Park car
take off flat tire
put on spare tire
drive away
Practice Exercise
Job Steps:
1. Remove a jack, spare tire, and the lug wrench from the trunk.
2. Loosen lug nuts
3. Raise jack
4. Remove flat tire
5. Install spare tire
6. Lower jack
7. Tighten lug nuts
8. Place flat tire, jack and lug wrench in trunk.
JOB Flat Tire Replacement

STEPS Tools
Preparation TIRE CHANGE Returning of tools

ACTIONS
Remove a Loosen lug nuts Place flat tire,
jack, spare jack and lug
tire, and the Raise jack wrench in trunk.
lug wrench Remove flat tire
from the
trunk Install spare tire
Lower jack
Tighten lug nuts
Group Exercise: Analyze These Jobs!
Painting A Room:

Packing & Stacking Cartons:

Work Processing:

Cutting Wood On A Table Saw:

3. Identify the hazards
associated with each step.
Knowledge on Hazards
• Classification of Hazards. Types
of Occupational Hazards
• Guide Questions
o What can go wrong
o What are the consequences
o How likely the hazard will
result to an injury or accident
o What are the possible sources
of injury
o What may trigger an accident
Determine the
Hazards
Physical Action:
• Force (weight)
• Frequency(repetition)
• Posture(prolonged)
• Position(distance)
Determine the
Hazards
Materials / Chemicals:
• Corrosive
• Flammable
• Is the MSDS available
• Volatile
Determine the
Hazards
Equipment:
• Mechanical hazard
• Electrical hazard
Determine the
Hazards
Work
Conditions/Environment:
• Noisy environment
• Temperatures extremes
• Vibration present
• Poor or high Illumination
• Pressure (atmospheric force)
• Prolonged hours
Determine the
Hazards
"What if” Questions:
• Anticipate hazardous
situations
• Abnormal operating
conditions
• Incorrect or out of sequence
• Additional attachments
• Replacements /alternatives
• Consequence
 5) Develop
Control Measures
Materials
• Substitution of materials
• Machine guarding
• Safeguarding
• Limit employee exposure
• Use of PPE
Physical Actions
• Modifying
• Rearranging
• Change the process
• Training
Work
Conditions/Environment
• Improved housekeeping procedures
• Installation of additional lighting
• Use ventilation system
• Noise reduction systems
• Use of PPE
• Redesign the work area.
• Height
• Distance
Equipment
• Installation of machine guards
• Use automatic safeguard devices,
• Replacement of equipment.
• Training, experience, skills
• Use of PPE
6) Implement the control
measures. Controls must
be monitored for
effectiveness
7) Review and update the
JHA: Regularly review
and update the JHA to
ensure that it remains
accurate and effective.
 Too Much Detail Too Little Detail Right Amount of Detail
Get a ladder and new Get ladder and new light
Get ladder from storage.
light bulb. bulb.
Get new light bulb from storage.
Change bulb. Turn light switch off
Carry ladder and light bulb to light needing changing.

Place ladder under light to be changed. Put ladder away and Place ladder under light
Ensure light switch is in the off position.
throw out old light to be changed.
bulb.
Climb ladder. Using ladder, change
Remove light cover.
bulb.

Twist light bulb in a counter clock-wise direction until Put ladder back in
it is free of the socket.
storage.
Remove old light bulb.

Insert new light bulb into socket.

Turn in a clock-wise direction until tightened.

Replace light cover.

Descend ladder.
Changing a light bulb
Carry ladder back to storage.
The J H A worksheet:
Job Hazard Analysis Worksheet
Job:
Analysis by: Reviewed By: Approved By:
Date: Date: Date:
Sequence of Steps Potential Hazards Preventive Measures
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Drill Bit Operation Example