COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING 11

FIRST QUARTER
Quarter: 1 Week: 5 Day: 1 Activity No. 17
Competency: Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/ devices (TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-IIa-j-
30)
Objective: State the classifications of Operating System.
Topic: Classification of Operating System
Copyright: For classroom use only - DepEd owned

Concept Notes:
Operating Systems can be classified according to how they work. For instance real-time operating system,
multi-user operating system, multi-tasking operating system, distributed operating system and embedded
operating systems.

Classification of Operating System:

1. MULTI-USER- allows two or more users to run programs at the same time. Some operating system
permits hundreds or even thousands of concurrent users. A multiuser system is one that can be used by
more than one user. The system provides an environment in which many users can use the system at the
same time or exclusively at different times. Each user can execute her applications without any concern
about what other users are doing in the system.
2. MULTIPROCESSING- supports running a program on more than one CPU. A multiprocess
system (also known as multitasking system) is one that executes many processes concurrently
(simultaneously or in an interleaved fashion). In a uniprocess system, when the lone process executes a
wait operation, the processor would sit idle and waste its time until the process comes out of the wait
state. The objective of multiprocessing is to have a process running on the processor at all times, doing
purposeful work.

3. MULTITASKING- allows more than one program to run at the same time.

4. MULTITHREADING- allows different parts of a single program to run at the same time. A thread is
an independent strand that executes a program concurrently with other threads within the context of the
same process. A thread is a single sequential flow of control within a program execution. Each thread
has a beginning, a sequence of instruction executions, and an end. At any given point of time, there is
one single point of execution in each thread. A thread is not a process by itself. It cannot run on its own;
it always runs within a process.

5. REAL TIME- responds to input instantly.

6. ONLINE PROCESSING- It is an individual processing system in which the task is processed on

individual basis as soon as they are provided by the user. It has features like:
➢ Individual task is processed at a time
➢ User can provide input in between processing
➢ It is appropriate when all inputs ate not known in advance
➢ It doesn’t require large memory
➢ CPU ideal time is more
➢ Monitor is appropriate output device
➢ It is modern processing technique and mostly used in present

Essay:

1. What are the five classifications of operating system? Explain briefly.

 COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING 11
FIRST QUARTER
Quarter: 1 Week: 5 Day: 2 Activity No. 18
Competency: Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/ devices (TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-IIa-j-
30)
Objective: Know the types of memory, and its functions.
Topic: Computer Memory
Copyright: For classroom use only - DepEd owned

Concept Notes:
The computer memory is a temporary storage area. It holds the data and instructions that the Central
Processing Unit (CPU) needs. Before a program can be run, the program is loaded from some storage medium
into the memory. This allows the CPU direct access to the program. Memory is a need for any computer.

1. READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM) chips are located in the motherboard. ROM chips contain instructions
that can be directly accessed by the CPU. Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the
operating system are stored in ROM. ROM chips retain their contents even when the computer is powered
down. The contents cannot be erased or changed by normal means.
2. RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM) is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being
accessed by the CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when the
computer is powered off.

Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual chips. The individual memory
chips, called Dual Inline Package (DIP) chips, was difficult to install and often became loose on the
motherboard. To solve this problem, designers soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board called a
memory module.

Here are some types of memory modules:

SIMMs have 30-pin and 72-pin configurations. DIMM is a circuit board that holds
SDRAM, DDR SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM.

Dual Inline Package (DIP)

Double Data Rate (DDR) technology doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM.
DDR2 offers faster performance while using less energy. Even with a wide and fast bus,
it still takes longer for data to get from the memory card to the
Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM)

Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module CPU than it takes for the CPU to actually
process the data. Caches are designed to alleviate this bottleneck by making the data
used most often by the CPU instantly available.

Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module

Activity:

1. What is computer memory?

2. RAM stands for _________________________
3. ROM stands for ___________________________________
4. What are the types of memory modules?
 COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING 11
FIRST QUARTER
Quarter: 1 Week: 5 Day: 3 Activity No. 19
Competency: Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/ devices (TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-IIa-j-
30)
Objective: Know the different characteristic of operating system.
Topic: Characteristics of an Operating System
Copyright: For classroom use only - DepEd owned

Concept Notes:
Characteristics of an Operating System
The Operating systems are different according to the three primary characteristics which
are licensing, software compatibility, and complexity.
LICENSING
There are basically three kinds of Operating systems. One is Open Source OS, another is
Free OS and the third is Commercial OS.

➢ Open Source operating system which means that anyone can download and modify it for
example Ubuntu etc.

➢ A Free OS doesn’t have to be open source. They are free to download and use but cannot modify
them. For example, Google owns Chrome OS and makes it free to use.

➢ Commercial Operating Systems are privately owned by companies that charge money for them.
Examples include Microsoft Windows and Apple MAC OS. These require paying for the right
(or license) to use their Operating systems.

SOFTWARE COMPATIBILITY
The developers make the software’s which may be compatible or incompatible in different versions
within the same operating system’s type but they can’t be compatible with the other OS types. Every OS type
have their own software compatibility.

COMPLEXITY
Operating systems come in
basically two editions one is 32-bit and
other is 64-bit editions. The 64-bit
edition of an operating system best
utilizes random access memory (RAM).
A computer with a 64-bit CPU can run
either a 32-bit or a 64-bit OS, but a
computer with a 32-bit CPU can run
only a 32-bit OS.

Activity:
1. What are the characteristic of the operating system?
2. What are the kinds of operating system?
 COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING 11
FIRST QUARTER
Quarter: 1 Week: 5 Day: 4 Activity No. 20
Competency: Install operating system and drivers for peripherals/ devices (TLE_IACSS9-12ICCS-IIa-j-
30)
Objective: Know the different storage drives in computer system.
Topic: Storage Drives
Copyright: For classroom use only - DepEd owned

Concept Notes:
Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media.

➢ The drive can be used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a media disk.
➢ Storage drives can be installed inside the computer case, such as a hard drive.
➢ Some storage drives can connect to the computer using a USB port, a FireWire port, or an SCSI port.

Types of storage drives:

1. Floppy drive- A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch
floppy disks. These magnetic floppy disks can store 720 KB or 1.44 MB of data. A 5.25-inch floppy
drive is older technology and is seldom used.
2. Hard drive - A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the
computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage for data.
3. USB Flash Drive - Also known as a thumb drive, pen drive, flash-drive, memory stick, jump drive, and
USB stick, the USB flash drive is a flash memory data storage device that incorporates an integrated
USB interface.
4. Secure Digital Card (SD Card) - A common type of memory card, SD cards are used in multiple
electronic devices, including digital cameras and mobile phones.
5. Optical drive - An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media.
There are three types of optical drives:
▪ Compact Disc (CD),
▪ Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
▪ Blu-ray Disc (BD).
▪
Note: CD, DVD, and BD media can be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable (write once), or re-writable
(read and write multiple times).

6. External Flash drive- An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive, is a removable storage
device that connects to a USB port.

Types of Drive Interfaces

1. IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called Advanced Technology Attachment
(ATA). An IDE interface uses a 40-pin connector.
2. SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface. A
SATA interface uses a 7-pin data connector.
3. SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive controller interface that can connect up to 15
drives. SCSI can connect both internal and external drives. An SCSI interface uses a 50-pin, 68-pin,
or 80-pin connector.

Activity:

1. What are the types of storage drives?

2. Floppy Drives can store ___________ mb data.
3. Size of Floppy drive. ____________
4. IDE interface uses __________ pin connector.
5. SATA interface uses a __________ pin data connector.
6. The other term of External Flash drive. _____________________
7. It is common type of cards are used in multiple electronic devices, including digital cameras and mobile
phones.