MP2639A

2-Cell Li-Ion or Li-Polymer Switching Charger

Compatible with 5V Input and Integrated,
Bidirectional Charge/Discharge with Cell Balance
The Future of Analog IC Technology

DESCRIPTION FEATURES
The MP2639A is a highly integrated, flexible,  4.0V to 5.75V Input Voltage Range
switch-mode, battery-charging management  Charge 2-Cell Batteries with 5V Input
device for 2-cell series Li-ion and Li-polymer  USB-Compliant Charger
batteries used in a wide range of portable  Integrates Input Current-Based and Input
applications. Voltage-Based Power Management
The MP2639A is able to charge a 2-cell battery Functions
from a 5V adapter or USB input. The MP2639A  Programmable Input Current and Input
can work in three modes: charge mode, Voltage Limit
discharge mode, and sleep mode.  Up to 2.5A Programmable Charge Current
for 2-Cell Applications
In 2-cell applications, the 5V input charges the
 8.4V Charge Voltage with 0.5% Accuracy
2-cell battery via the MP2639A operating in
 Cell Balance with 200mA current
step-up mode. When the 5V input is absent, the
2-cell battery voltage is discharged to the 5V  Up to 5.0A Programmable Discharge
output via the MP2639A working in step-down Current
mode.  Negative Temperature Coefficient Pin for
Temperature Monitoring
For the charging function, the MP2639A detects  No Load Shutdown and Push Button Turn-
the battery voltage automatically and charges On in Discharge Mode
the battery in three phases: trickle current,  Programmable Timer Back-Up Protection
constant current, and constant voltage. Other  Discharge Mode Load Trace Compensation
features include charge termination and auto-  Thermal Regulation and Thermal Shutdown
recharge.
 Internal Battery Reverse Leakage Blocking
To guarantee safe operation, the MP2639A  Integrated Short-Circuit Protection (SCP) for
limits the die temperature to a preset value of Both Charge and Discharge Mode
120°C. Other safety features include input over-  Four LED Battery Level and Status
voltage protection (OVP), battery over-voltage Indicators
protection (OVP), thermal shutdown, battery  Available in a QFN-26 (4mmx4mm)
temperature monitoring, and a programmable Package
timer to prevent prolonged charging of a dead
battery. APPLICATIONS
The MP2639A is available in a QFN-26  Power Station Applications
(4mmx4mm) package.  Power Bank Applications for Smart Phones,
Tablets, and Other Portable Devices
 Mobile Internet Devices
All MPS parts are lead-free, halogen-free, and adhere to the RoHS
directive. For MPS green status, please visit the MPS website under
Quality Assurance. “MPS” and “The Future of Analog IC Technology” are
registered trademarks of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

TYPICAL APPLICATION
2-Cell Application – Charge Mode
R2 R1 VL L1

FB Q1 BST SW LX QRB
VH
5V Input
VBATT
VL
CVH
MID Q2
Battery R3 CVL
ACOK
MID NTC VLIM
VNTC VCC
PB MP2639A
MODE OLIM
IB
ILIM
LED1
ISET
LED2
TMR
LED3
LED4
CTMR RISET RILIM ROLIM CVCC R4
CHGOK
AGND PGND

2-Cell Application – Discharge Mode

R2 R1 L1

L
FB Q1 BST SW
X QRB
5V Output
VH
VBATT
CV
VL
H MID Q2
Battery R3 CVL
ACOK
MID NTC VLI
M
VNTC VCC
PB MP2639A OLI
MOD
E M
IB ILIM
LED
1
LED ISET
2
LED TMR
3
LED
4 CTMR RISET RIILIM ROLIM CVCC R4
CHGOK
AGND PGND

Adapter BATT Active

MODE CHG/DSG Topology
Term Term SW
High DSG Q1 Step-down
VL VH
Low CHG Q2 Step-up

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number* Package Top Marking
MP2639AGR QFN-26 (4mmx4mm) See Below
* For Tape & Reel, add suffix –Z (e.g. MP2639AGR–Z)

TOP MARKING

MPS: MPS prefix

Y: Year code
WW: Week code
M2639A: Product code of MP2639AGR
LLLLLL: Lot number

PACKAGE REFERENCE
TOP VIEW

QFN-26 (4mmx4mm)

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) Thermal Resistance (4) θJA θJC

VH ................................................. -0.3V to +20V QFN-26 (4mmx4mm) ............. 42 ....... 9 .... °C/W
SW..........................-0.3V (-2V for 50ns) to +20V NOTES:
VL .................................................. -0.3V to +16V 1) Exceeding these ratings may damage the device.
MID ................................................ -0.3V to +12V 2) The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the
maximum junction temperature TJ (MAX), the junction-to-
BST to SW ................................... -0.3V to +5.5V ambient thermal resistance θJA, and the ambient temperature
All other pins to GND ................... -0.3V to +5.5V TA. The maximum allowable continuous power dissipation at
Continuous power dissipation (TA = +25°C) (2)
any ambient temperature is calculated by PD (MAX) = (TJ
(MAX)-TA)/θJA. Exceeding the maximum allowable power
................................................................... 2.97W dissipation produces an excessive die temperature, causing
the regulator to go into thermal shutdown. Internal thermal
Junction temperature ................................ 150°C shutdown circuitry protects the device from permanent
Lead temperature (solder) ........................ 260°C damage.
Storage temperature .................-65°C to +150°C 3) The device is not guaranteed to function outside of its
operating conditions.
Recommended Operating Conditions (3) 4) Measured on JESD51-7, 4-layer PCB.

VL to GND .......................................... 4V to 5.5V

VH to GND ......................................... 6V to 8.7V
Operating junction temp. (TJ) ....-40°C to +125°C

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VIN = VL = 5V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Units
DC/DC Parameter
LV side input over-voltage VL rising until the switching
5.75 V
threshold is off
VLOVP
LV side input over-voltage
200 mV
threshold hysteresis
MODE = high, VH = 7.6V 4.4 4.5 4.6 V
VCC LDO output VCC MODE = low, VH = 0V,
4.5 V
VL = 5V
VL rising 3.9
Input power good threshold VUVLO V
VL falling 3.6
High-side NMOS on TA = 25°C 19
Q1_ON mΩ
resistance TA = -40°C to +85°C 19 29
TA = 25°C 24
Low-side NMOS on resistance Q2_ON mΩ
TA = -40°C to +85°C 24 36
Reverse blocking NMOS on TA = 25°C 10
QBR_ON mΩ
resistance TA = -40°C to +125°C 10 15
Peak current limit for high-side
Step-down mode 6 8 10 A
NMOS
Peak current limit for low-side Step-up CC mode 7 9 A
NMOS Step-up TC mode 3 4 A
Operating frequency FSW 1300 kHz
Charging Operation
Battery float, charging is
Input quiescent current IIN 2.5 mA
enabled
Trickle charge threshold VBATT_TC VBATT rising 5.9 V
Trickle charge threshold
VBATT falling 240 mV
hysteresis
Trickle input current ITC 300 mA
RISET = 215kΩ 794 992 1191 mA
Constant fast charge current ICC
RISET = 86.6kΩ 2.2 2.46 2.7 A
As the percentage of ICC 2.5 10 17.5 %
Termination charge current IBF
If 10% * ICC < 167mA 38 150 mA
Input voltage clamp reference VIN_ClAMP 1.18 1.2 1.22 V
RILIM = 475kΩ 400 449 500 mA
Input current limit IIN_LMT RILIM = 261kΩ 720 817 900 mA
RILIM = 78.7kΩ 2.56 2.71 3 A
Termination charge voltage VBATT_FULL 8.35 8.38 8.41 V
Auto-recharge threshold 8.00 V
As the percentage of
Battery over-voltage threshold VBATT_OV 101 103.3 105 %
VBATT_FULL

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

VIN = VL = 5V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Units
Discharge Operation
Output voltage range IOUT = 0A 4.5 5.5 V
Feedback voltage 1.18 1.2 1.22 V
Feedback input current VFB = 1.2V 300 nA
Output over-voltage threshold 5.6 5.75 6.0 V
Output over-voltage threshold
160 mV
hysteresis
Shutdown current Discharging is disabled 20 μA
ROLIM = 86.6kΩ 2.2 2.46 2.7
Programmable output current
IOUT_LIMIT ROLIM = 71.5kΩ 2.77 2.98 3.19 A
limit
ROLIM = 44.2kΩ 4.49 4.83 5.17
Rising 6.28 V
Battery UV threshold VBATTUV
Falling 5.75 V
---------------- -------------
ACOK, CHG output low Sinking 1.5mA 400 mV
voltage
---------------- -------------
ACOK, CHG leakage current Connected to 5V 1 µA
LED blinking frequency CTMR = 0.1μF, ICHG = 1A 1 Hz
EN, MODE input logic low
0.4 V
voltage
EN, MODE input high voltage 1.4 V
ICHG = 1A in charge mode 0.38 V
IB voltage output
IDIS = 1A in discharge mode 0.42 V
CTMR = 0.1µF, stay in TC
Trickle charge time 30 mins
mode, IL = 1A
Total current charge time CTMR = 0.1µF, IL = 1A 5.4 hours

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

VIN = VL = 5V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Units
Protection
NTC low temp rising threshold VCOLD As percentage of VVNTC 69.3 69.9 70.5 %
NTC low temp rising threshold
As percentage of VVNTC 0.8 %
hysteresis
NTC cool temp rising
VCOOL As percentage of VVNTC 67.2 67.8 68.4 %
threshold
NTC cool temp rising
As percentage of VVNTC 1.2 %
threshold hysteresis
NTC warm temp falling
VWARM As percentage of VVNTC 54.7 55.3 55.9 %
threshold
NTC warm temp falling
As percentage of VVNTC 1.5 %
threshold hysteresis
NTC hot temp falling threshold VHOT As percentage of VVNTC 46.9 47.4 47.9 %
NTC hot temp falling threshold
As percentage of VVNTC 1.5 %
hysteresis
No load shutdown delay time tNOLOAD 20 s
No load shutdown current
INOLOAD 50 mA
threshold
Threshold between long and
2.5 s
short touch
LED auto-off timer delay 5 s
Voltage-Based Fuel Gauge
Charge Mode
First level of battery voltage
Battery voltage rising 7.35 V
threshold
Hysteresis 400 mV
Second level of battery voltage
Battery voltage rising 7.75 V
threshold
Hysteresis 400 mV
Third level of battery voltage
Battery voltage rising 8.15 V
threshold
Hysteresis 400 mV

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

VIN = VL = 5V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Units
Discharge Mode
Fourth level of battery voltage
Battery voltage falling 8 V
threshold
Hysteresis 400 mV
Third level of battery voltage
Battery voltage falling 7.6 V
threshold
Hysteresis 400 mV
Second level of battery
Battery voltage falling 7.2 V
voltage
Hysteresis 400 mV
First level of battery voltage Battery voltage falling 6 V
Hysteresis 400 mV
Cell Balancing
Discharge MOSFET on HS 6
Ω
resistance LS 6
Cell balance start voltage VCBST 3.4 3.5 3.6 V
Balance threshold ∆VCELL 65 mV
Balance threshold hysteresis 30
(5) mV

NOTE:
5) Guaranteed by design.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

VIN = VL= 5V, VBATT = VH = 7.4V, CVL = CVH = 22µF, L1 = 2.2µH, CTMR = 0.1µF, R1 = 76.8kΩ, R2 =
24.3kΩ, R3 = 27.4kΩ, R4 = 10kΩ, battery simulator, unless otherwise noted.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

VIN = VL = 5V, VBATT = VH = 7.4V, CVL = CVH = 22µF, L1 = 2.2µH, CTMR = 0.1µF, R1 = 76.8kΩ, R2 =
24.3kΩ, R3 = 27.4kΩ, R4 = 10kΩ, battery simulator, unless otherwise noted.
Battery Charge Auto-Recharge LED Indication
Curve VBATT_FULL = 8.4V, RILIM = 0Ω, during Charging
VBATT_FULL = 8.4V, RILIM = 0Ω, RISET = 86.6kΩ VBATT_FULL = 8.4V, RILIM = 0Ω,
RISET = 86.6kΩ RISET = 86.6kΩ, VBATT_OFFSET = 6V
CH2: VIN CH2: VIN CH1: LED1
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH3: CH3: CH2: LED2
CHGOK CHGOK 2V/div.
2V/div. 2V/div. CH3: LED3
CH1: VBATT CH1: VBATT 2V/div.
2V/div. 2V/div. CHR1: VBATT
CH4: IBATT CH4: IBATT 500mV/div.
1A/div. 1A/div.
CH4:LED4
2V/div.
4s/div. 4s/div. 4s/div.

Battery Charge TC Charge TC Charge Steady

Curve Steady State State @ VH = VL - 1V
VBATT_FULL = 8.4V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ, VBATT = 5.0V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ, VBATT = 4.0V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ,
RISET = 86.6kΩ RISET = 86.6kΩ RISET = 86.6kΩ
CH1: VIN CH3: VBATT CH1: VSW
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH2: VBATT CH1: VSW CH3: VBATT
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH3: CH2: IL CH2: IL
CHGOK 500mA/div. 500mA/div.
1V/div. CH4: IBATT CH4: IBATT
CH4: IBATT 500mA/div. 500mA/div.
1A/div.
4s/div. 2µs/div. 1µs/div.

CC Charge CV Charge
Steady State Steady State
VBATT = 6.6V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ, VBATT = 8.4V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ,
RISET = 86.6kΩ RISET = 86.6kΩ
CH3: VBATT CH3: VBATT
2V/div. 2V/div.
CH1: VSW CH2: IL
5V/div. 1A/div.
CH2: IL CH4: IBATT
1A/div. 500mA/div.
CH4: IBATT CH1: VSW
1A/div. 5V/div.

1µs/div. 1µs/div.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

VIN = VL = 5V, VBATT = VH = 7.4V, CVL = CVH = 22µF, L1 = 2.2µH, CTMR = 0.1µF, R1 = 76.8kΩ, R2 =
24.3kΩ, R3 = 27.4kΩ, R4 = 10kΩ, battery simulator, unless otherwise noted.
Power On, Power On, Power Off,
TC Charge Mode CC Charge Mode CC Charge Mode
VBATT = 4.0V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ, VBATT = 6.6V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ, VBATT = 6.6V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ,
RISET = 86.6kΩ RISET = 86.6kΩ RISET = 86.6kΩ
CH2: VBATT CH2: VBATT CH2: VBATT
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH1: VIN CH1: VIN CH1: VIN
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH4: IL CH4: IL CH4: IL
500mA/div. 1A/div. 1A/div.
CH3: VSW CH3: VSW CH3: VSW
2V/div. 5V/div. 5V/div.

2ms/div. 2ms/div. 40ms/div.

Input Current Limit Input Voltage Mode On, CC Mode

VIN = 5.0V, RILIM = 75kΩ, Regulation VBATT = 6.6V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ,
RISET = 100kΩ VIN = 5.0V/4A, VIN_REG = 4.49V RISET = 86.6kΩ

CH2: VBATT CH1: VBATT CH3: VBATT

2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH1: VIN CH4: IIN CH1: VMODE
2V/div. 1A/div. 2V/div.
CH4: IIN CH3: IBATT CH2: VSW
1A/div. 1A/div. 5V/div.
CH3: IBATT CH2: VIN CH4: IBATT
1A/div. 200mV/div. 2A/div.

2s/div. 2s/div.

Mode Off, CC Mode Mode On, CV Mode

VBATT = 6.6V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ, VBATT = 8.4V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ,
RISET = 86.6kΩ RISET = 86.6kΩ
CH3: VBATT CH3: VBATT
2V/div. 2V/div.
CH1: VMODE CH1: VMODE
2V/div. 2V/div.
CH2: VSW CH2: VSW
2V/div. 5V/div.

CH4: IBATT CH4: IBATT

2A/div. 1A/div.

400µs/div. 400µs/div.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

VIN = VL = 5V, VBATT = VH = 7.4V, CVL = CVH = 22µF, L1 = 2.2µH, CTMR = 0.1µF, R1 = 76.8kΩ, R2 =
24.3kΩ, R3 = 27.4kΩ, R4 = 10kΩ, battery simulator, unless otherwise noted.
NTC Protection, NTC Protection, NTC Protection,
TC Mode CC Mode CC Mode
VBATT = 5.6V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ, VBATT = 7.4V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ, VBATT = 8.15V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ,
RISET = 86.6kΩ RISET = 86.6kΩ RISET = 86.6kΩ
CH2: VBATT CH2: VBATT CH2: VBATT
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH1: VNTC CH1: VNTC CH1: VNTC
1V/div. 1V/div. 1V/div.
CH4: IBATT CH4: IBATT CH4: IBATT
200mA/div. 1A/div. 1A/div.
CH3: VSW CH3: VSW CH3: VSW
5V/div. 5V/div. 5V/div.

10ms/div. 10ms/div. 10ms/div.

Timer Out Protection Recovery from Timer Period

VBATT = 7.4V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ, Timer Out VBATT = 7.4V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ,
RISET = 86.6kΩ, CTMR = 220pF VBATT = 7.4V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ, RISET = 86.6kΩ, CTMR = 220pF
RISET = 86.6kΩ, CTMR = 220pF
CH1: VTMR CH1: VTMR CH1: VTMR
1V/div. 1V/div. 1V/div.
CH2: VBATT CH2: VBATT CH2: VBATT
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH3: CH3: CH3:
CHGOK CHGOK CHGOK
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH4: IBATT CH4: IBATT CH4: IBATT
1A/div. 1A/div. 1A/div.

100µs/div. 1ms/div. 4s/div.

Indication Indication Indication

@ BATT OVP @ Charge Mode Off @ NTC Fault
VBATT = 9.0V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ, VBATT = 7.4V, RILIM = 73.2kΩ, VBATT = 3.7V, RILIM = 14.7kΩ,
RISET = 86.6kΩ RISET = 86.6kΩ RISET = 49.9kΩ
CH1: VBATT CH1: VMODE CH1: VNTC
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH2: ACOK CH2: ACOK CH2: ACOK
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH3: CH3: CH3:
CHGOK CHGOK CHGOK
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.

CH4: IBATT CH4: IL CH4: IL

1A/div. 2A/div. 2A/div.

1ms/div. 1ms/div. 400ms/div.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

VIN = VL = 5V, VBATT = VH = 7.4V, CVL = CVH = 22µF, L1 = 2.2µH, CTMR = 0.1µF, R1 = 76.8kΩ, R2 =
24.3kΩ, R3 = 27.4kΩ, R4 = 10kΩ, battery simulator, unless otherwise noted.
Discharge Mode No Load Shutdown, Weak Battery
Steady State Discharge Mode Protection,
VBATT = 7.4V, ILOAD = 5A VBATT = 7.4V, ILOAD = 0A Discharge Mode
ILOAD = 1.5A, VBATT_OFFSET = 5V
CH1: VBATT CH1: VBATT CH1: VBATT
2V/div. 2V/div. 500mV/div.
CH2: VL CH2: VL CH2: VL
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH3: VSW CH4: ILOAD CH4: ILOAD
5V/div. 20mA/div. 1A/div.

CH4: IL CH3: VSW CH3: VSW

1A/div. 10V/div. 5V/div.

1µs/div. 4s/div. 4s/div.

Discharge Output Load Transient, Power Off by PB,

Current Limit Discharge Mode Discharge Mode
VBATT = 6.6V, ROLIM = 100kΩ VBATT = 8.0V, load transient VBATT = 8.0V, ILOAD = 5A
from 0.5A to 2.5A
CH1: VBATT CH1: VBATT CH3: VBATT
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH2: VL CH2: VL CH1: VPB
2V/div. 500mV/div. 2V/div.
CH3: VSW CH3: VSW CH2: VL
10V/div. 5V/div. 2V/div.
CH4: ILOAD CH4: ILOAD CH4: IL
1A/div. 2A/div. 2A/div.

2s/div. 400µs/div. 1s/div.

Short Protection, Short Recovery, LED Indication

Discharge Mode Discharge Mode Discharge Mode
VBATT = 8.0V, ILOAD = 5A, VBATT = 8.0V, ILOAD = 5A, VBATT_OFFSET = 5V
VL short to GND VL short to GND
CH1: VBATT CH1: VBATT CHR1: VBATT
2V/div. 2V/div. 500mV/div.
CH2: VL CH2: VL CH4:LED4
2V/div. 2V/div. 2V/div.
CH3: VSW CH3: VSW CH3: LED3
10V/div. 10V/div. 2V/div.
CH4: IL CH4: IL CH2: LED2
5A/div. 5A/div. 2V/div.
CH1: LED1
2V/div.
400µs/div. 4ms/div 2s/div.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

PIN FUNCTIONS
Pin # Name Type Description
1 VL Power Low-voltage terminal. Attach a 5V input to VL.
2 LX Power Connection node between the induction and internal block switch.
3 VH Power High-voltage terminal. Attach a 2-cell battery to VH.
4 SW Power Switching node.
5 PGND Power Power ground. Connect the exposed pad and GND to the same ground plane.
6 BST Power Bootstrap. Connect a 100 - 500nF BST capacitor between the BST and SW node.
-----
Push button input. Connect a push button from PB to AGND pulled up internally by
-----

----- a resistor. When PB is pushed for less than 2.5s, the discharge function is enabled
7 PB I -----
and latched when MODE is high. If discharging is enabled, push PB for more than
2.5s to disable the discharge. Otherwise, discharging remains, and LED1-4 are
enabled for 5s.
Charge or discharge mode selection. Pull MODE to low logic to make the
8 MODE I MP2639A work in charge mode. Pull MODE to logic high to make the MP2639A
work in discharge mode.
Internal circuit power supply. Bypass VCC to AGND with a 1μF ceramic
VCC I/O
9 capacitor. VCC cannot float or carry an external load higher than 50mA.
10 AGND I/O Analog ground.
Oscillator period timer. Connect a timing capacitor between TMR and AGND to
11 TMR I
set the oscillator period. Short TMR to AGND to disable the timer function.
Middle point of the 2-cell battery. MID is used to detect the voltage of each cell in
12 MID I
a 2-cell application. Connect MID to GND if it is not being used.
Fuel gauge indication. LED1 works with LED2, LED3, and LED4 to achieve the
13 LED1 O
voltage-based fuel gauge.
Fuel gauge indication. LED2 works with LED1, LED3, and LED4 to achieve the
14 LED2 O
voltage-based fuel gauge.
Fuel gauge indication. LED3 works with LED1, LED2, and LED4 to achieve the
15 LED3 O
voltage-based fuel gauge.
Fuel gauge indication. LED4 works with LED1, LED2, and LED3 to achieve the
16 LED4 O
voltage-based fuel gauge.
17 FB I Voltage feedback input in discharge mode.
18 VLIM I Input voltage limit setting in charge mode.
Pull-up bias voltage of both the NTC resistive dividers. VNTC is connected to
19 VNTC O VCC by an internal switch, which is turned on only in charge mode. Do not connect
any capacitors to VNTC.
20 NTC I Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

PIN FUNCTIONS (continued)

Pin # Name Type Description
Current output for the battery current monitor. IB is proportional to the real
21 IB O
battery current. Connect an R-C filter from IB to AGND.
Discharge output current limit setting. Connect an external resistor from OLIM to
22 OLIM I
AGND to program the system current.
Charge current set. Connect an external resistor from ISET to AGND to program
23 ISET I
the charge current.
24 ILIM I Input current limit setting in charge mode.
---------------- ----------------

25
----------------
O Valid input supply indicator. ACOK is an open-drain output. ACOK is pulled low
ACOK
when the input voltage is recognized as a good source.
------------- -------------
-------------
26 O Charging completion indicator. CHG at logic low indicates charge mode. CHG
CHG
becomes an open drain once the charging has completed or is suspended.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 1: Block Diagram for 2-Cell Charge Mode

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

BLOCK DIAGRAM (continued)

Figure 2: Block Diagram for 2-Cell Discharge Mode

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

FLOW CHART

Figure 3: Input Power Start-Up Flow Chart

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

FLOW CHART (continued)

ENCHG is OK

QRB softly trun on, TC Phase (Linear Down Mode)

Set Q1 on signal,
Q2 remains off

QRB works as a current source

VH > VL-1.0V? No Set Q1 on signal,
Q2 remains off

Yes

QRB works as a current

source
Start 2.8μs BST refresh
100ns each cycle

TC Phase (SW Down TC Mode)

No VH > VL-1.0V?

No
Yes

VH>VL-114mV?

Yes

COMP>V(ITC)?

Yes

Fully turn on QRB

Turn off the Q1

TC Phase (SW Mode)

Boost works in
VH>VL+400mV? No Non-sync mode
FSW=280kHz

Yes

FSW increases to 1.3MHz

Control the input current to
implement TC charge

Figure 4: Three-Phase Trickle Charge

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

OPERATION The sense gain can be programmed by the

external resistor (RIB) connected from IB to
The MP2639A is a highly integrated, switch-
GND. For example, for a 40kΩ RIB, a 0.3V IB
mode battery charger with a sophisticated
value represents a 1A battery current.
control strategy to charge 2-cell series Lithium-
ion or Lithium-polymer batteries from a 5V CHARGE MODE
adapter or USB input. Input Power Start-Up
MODE Control As shown in Figure 3, once VCC exceeds the
When MODE is low, the MP2639A works in UVLO threshold, the MP2639A qualifies both
charging mode to charge a 2-cell series battery the LV side and HV side voltage according to
from 5V. The MP2639A operates in step-up the MODE status.
mode at this time, and Q2 works as the active In charging mode, VL is the input power
switch, while Q1 works as the synchronous terminal. Once VOVLO > VLV > VUVLO and no fault
switch. occurs, the MP2639A is ready for charging.
When MODE is high, the MP2639A is As shown in Figure 4, depending on VH, the
configured to discharge mode. Once discharge MP2639A operates in three different trickle-
mode is enabled, the MP2639A operates in current charge modes: linear down mode,
reverse to achieve a 5V output from a 2-cell switch down mode, and switch TC mode (see
battery via step-down mode (see Table 1). Table 2).
Table 1: Operation MODE Table 1. Linear Down Mode: When VH < VL - 1V,
Adapter BATT Active
Term Term
MODE CHG/DIS
SW
Topology the QRB MOSFET works linearly to charge
High DSG Q1 Step-down the battery with the trickle charge current. At
VL VH this time, the pulse-width modulation (PWM)
Low CHG Q2 Step-up
block delivers the Q2 off signal and Q1 on
Internal Power Supply signal. The BST refresh block is still
The VCC output is used to power the internal disabled, so the Q1 MOSFET cannot be on.
circuit and the MOSFET driver. This output is When VH > VL - 1V, a 2.8μs BST refresh
supplied by the higher terminal voltage value of window launches. In this window, the low-
VL or VH. After VL is set, the internal reference side Q2 MOSFET is turned on for 100ns
voltage is set up during charge mode. In each cycle (1.3MHz). Whenever Q1 is set to
discharge mode, VH is always higher than the be on for 270μs, the 2.8μs BST refresh
output voltage, so VCC is always comes from window is launched again.
VH when VH is higher than the under-voltage
lockout (UVLO). 2. Switch Down Mode: When VH > VL -
114mV, QRB is fully on, Q1 is turned off, Q2
Connect an external capacitor from VCC to is switching, and FSW is lowered to 280kHz.
AGND. The VCC output current limit is 50mA.
Figure 3 shows the MODE selection and power 3. Switch TC Mode: When VH > VL + 400mV,
start-up flow chart in each mode. QRB remains fully on, Q1 is turned off, Q2 is
switching, and FSW recovers to 1.3MHz.
Battery Current Monitor
The MP2639A has an IB pin to represent the
real battery current in both charge and
discharge mode. The current flowing out from
IB is proportional to the real battery current. An
external, precise, sense resistor can convert the
current signal to a voltage signal. Calculate the
IB voltage with Equation (1):
3  IBATT
VIB   RIB
400k (1)

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

Table 2: Operation Mode 3. Phase 3 (constant-voltage charge): When

VBATT Rising, Quit Linear the battery voltage rises to the charge-full
Down Mode VH > VL - 114mV voltage (VBATT_FULL), the charge current
(enter switch down mode) begins to taper off. The charge cycle is
VBATT Falling, Enter Linear considered complete when the CV loop is
Down Mode VH < VL - 342mV dominated, and the charge current reaches
(quit switch down mode) the battery-full termination threshold. A
VBATT Rising, Quit Switch 500μs force charge time is designed for
Down Mode VH > VL + 400mV each charge cycle. After the 500μs force
(enter normal switch mode) charge time expires, the charge full signal is
VBATT Falling, Enter Switch allowed to assert.
Down Mode VH < VL + 114mV If IBF is not reached before the safety charge
(quit normal switch mode) timer expires, the charge cycle is ceased,
Battery Charge Profile and the corresponding timeout fault signal is
The MP2639A provides three main charging asserted. See the Safety Timer section for
phases: trickle-current, constant-current charge, more detail.
and constant-voltage charge (see Figure 5). A new charge cycle starts when the following
conditions are valid:
VBATT_FULL
Battery Voltage  The input power is re-plugged.
ICC
 MODE is toggled from high to low.
 No thermistor fault at NTC.
VBATT_LOW
Charge Current  No safety timer fault.
 No battery over-voltage.
ITC
IBF Automatic Recharge
When the battery is fully charged and the
Trickle charge CC Fast Charge Constant Voltage Charge Charge Full
charging is terminated, the battery may be
Figure 5: Battery Charge Profile discharged for system consumption or self-
discharge. The MP2639A starts a new charging
1. Phase 1 (trickle-current charge): When the
cycle automatically without requiring a manual
battery voltage is lower than VBATT_LOW, the
restart of a charging cycle.
MP2639A applies a safe trickle-charge
current (ITC) to the deeply depleted battery Charge Current Setting
until the battery voltage reaches trickle ISET is used to program the charge current.
charge to the fast charge threshold The setting formula is shown in Equation (2):
(VBATT_LOW). If VBATT_LOW is not reached
before the trickle-charge timer expires, the 640(k)
ICHG  (A)
charge cycle is ceased, and a 3  RISET (2)
corresponding timeout fault signal is
asserted. See the Safety Timer section on Battery Over-Voltage Protection (OVP)
page 21 for more detail. The MP2639A is designed with a built-in battery
over-voltage limit of 103.3% of VBATT_FULL. When
2. Phase 2 (constant-current charge): When a battery over-voltage event occurs, the
the battery voltage exceeds VBATT_LOW, the MP2639A suspends the charging immediately.
MP2639A stops the trickle-current charge
phase and enters constant-current charge Non-Sync Mode
(fast charge) phase with a soft start. The When the input current at the VL side is lower
fast charge current can be programmed via than 330mA, the MP2639A turns off Q1 and
ISET. switches to non-sync operation.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

Safety Timer Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC)

The MP2639A uses an internal timer to Thermistor
terminate the charging. The timer remains “Thermistor” is the generic name given to
active during the charging process. An external thermally sensitive resistors. A negative
capacitor between TMR and AGND programs temperature coefficient thermistor is called a
the charge cycle duration. An internal current thermistor, typically. Depending on the
source charges and discharges the external manufacturing method and the structure, there
capacitor alternatively. When the voltage across are many shapes and characteristics available
CTMR is lower than 0.7V, the internal current for various purposes. The thermistor resistance
source charges CTMR. Once the voltage values, unless otherwise specified, are
exceeds 1.5V, the internal current source classified at a standard temperature of 25°C.
begins to discharge CTMR. As a result, the The resistance of a temperature is solely a
voltage across CTMR oscillates between 0.7V function of its absolute temperature.
and 1.5V periodically, like a triangle wave.
The relationship between the resistance and
There are two counter limits for the trickle
the absolute temperature of a thermistor is
charge and total charge processes: 45056 for
shown in Equation (5):
trickle charge and 3407872 for CC and CV
charge. Once the counter reaches the  1 1 
   
corresponding limit, the timer expires, and the R1  R2  e  T1 T2 
(5)
charging is suspended (see Figure 6).
Where R1 is the resistance at absolute
temperature T1, R2 is the resistance at
absolute temperature T2, and β is a constant
that depends on the material of the thermistor.
The MP2639A monitors the battery’s
Figure 6: Voltage Profile of TMR temperature continuously by measuring the
voltage at NTC during charge mode. This
In trickle-charge mode, the input trickle-charge
voltage is determined by the resistor divider,
current is fixed at 300mA. The trickle-charge
whose ratio is produced by different resistances
time (τTC_TMR) is set using Equation (3):
of the NTC thermistor under different ambient
CTMR (F) temperatures of the battery.
TRICKLE_ TMR  33.7mins 
0.1F (3) The MP2639A sets a pre-determined upper and
lower bound of the range internally. If the
In CC and CV mode, the internal IOSC is voltage at NTC goes out of this range, then the
proportional to the reference of the inductor temperature is outside of the safe operating
current and is independent of the input current. limit. At this time, charging stops unless the
The total charge time (τTOTAL_TMR) is set using operating temperature returns to the safe range.
Equation (4):
To satisfy the JEITA requirement, the MP2639A
CTMR (F) 1A monitors four temperature thresholds: the cold
TOTAL _ TMR  6.05Hours  
0.1F IL (A)  0.08 battery threshold (TNTC < 0°C), the cool battery
(4)
threshold (0°C < TNTC < 10°C), the warm battery
In the event of an NTC hot and cold fault, the threshold (45°C < TNTC < 60°C), and the hot
charging timer should be suspended. Once the battery threshold (TNTC > 60°C). For a given
NTC fault is removed, the timer continues NTC thermistor, these temperatures correspond
counting from the value before an NTC fault. to VCOLD, VCOOL, VWARM, and VHOT. When VNTC <
VHOT or VNTC > VCOLD, charging and the timers
are suspended. When VHOT < VNTC < VWARM, the
charge-full voltage (VBATT_FULL) is reduced by
140mV from the programmable threshold.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

When VCOOL < VNTC < VCOLD, the charging Input Voltage-Based and Input Current-
current is reduced to half of the programmed Based Power Management
charge current (see Figure 7). To meet the USB maximum current limit
Note: VNTC is the ratio of the voltage at NTC pin specification and avoid overloading the adapter,
and the voltage at VNTC pin. the MP2639A features both input current- and
input voltage-based power management by
Maximum Charge Current 1C monitoring the input current and input voltage
continuously. The total input current limit can be
0.5C programmed to prevent the input source from
overloading. When the input current reaches its
limit, the charge current tapers off to keep the
input current from increasing further. The input
Maximum Charge Voltage : 4.25V
(4.2V Typical)
current limit can be calculated with Equation (6):
4.15V Maximum
640(k)
4.10V Maximum IILIM  (A)
3  RILIM (6)
If the preset input current limit is higher than the
Cold Cool Normal Warm Hot rating at the adapter, the back-up input voltage-
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 based power management also works to
(0DegC) (10DegC) (45DegC) (50 DegC) (60DegC) prevent the input source from being overloaded.
When the input voltage falls below the input
Figure 7: JEITA-Compatible NTC Window
voltage limit due to an overload, the charge
VNTC Output current is reduced to keep the input voltage
VNTC is an input pin used to pull up both the from dropping further.
internal and external resistor dividers to the The input voltage clamp threshold can be
same point (see Figure 8). VNTC is connected programmed by VLIM. The internal reference of
to VCC via an internal switch. In charging mode, the input voltage loop is 1.2V, so the input
the switch is turned on, and VNTC is connected voltage clamp limit can be calculated with
to VCC. In discharge mode, the switch is off, Equation (7):
and VNTC is bridged off from VCC.
R3  R4
Charge/ VIN _ REG  1.2V 
Discharge? R4 (7)

VCC VNTC Indication

The MP2639A integrates indicators for the
C old
conditions shown in Table 3.
Table 3: Indication in Difference Cases
Charging State ACOK CHGOK
C ool
NTC In Charging Low Low
N TC C ontrol
Block
Charging
complete, sleep
Warm
mode, charge Low High
Mode is
disable, battery
low
OVP
H ot
Blinking
NTC fault, timer
Low at fixed
fault,
AGND 1Hz
Mode is
Discharging High High
high
Figure 8: NTC Protection Circuit

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

-----
DISCHARGE MODE 2) During t0, PB is pulled low, and the 2.5s
-----
Discharge Control timer is reset. PB is released to high before
When MODE is configured high, discharge the 2.5s timer expires, so a short push is
mode is enabled. However, discharging can detected. PBDIS remains high, and
only be enabled or disabled when the push discharging continues.
-----
button pin (PB ) is configured properly. -----
3) During t1, PB is pulled low again, and the
----- -----
A short push is defined as PB being pulled low 2.5s timer is reset. PB remains low until the
-----
for less than 2.5s. A long push is defined as PB 2.5s timer expires, so a long push is
being pulled low for longer than 2.5s. detected. PBDIS is pulled low, and
discharging ceased. Then PBDIS rises high
In the MP2639A, discharging is enabled only -----
once PB goes high.
when MODE is high and a short push is
detected. Discharging is disabled once MODE 4) At the moment of t2, another long push is
is pulled low or a long push is detected. detected. Discharging is still disabled.
Figure 9 shows the steps below. 5) At the moment of t3, a short push is
detected, and PDBIS remains high.
1) Before t0, MODE is high, and discharging
Discharging is enabled.
has already been enabled. PBDIS is the
enable signal of the discharging. If PBDIS is
high, discharging is enabled. If PBDIS is low,
discharging is disabled.

Figure 9: Push Button Detection Profile

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

-----
Since the MP2639A is in sleep mode, if PB is Output Over-Current Limit (OCL)
pulled down to AGND for less than 2.5s (short The MP2639A features an output over-current
push), the IC enters discharge mode, and the limit (OCL), which can be programmed by the
LEDs display the battery capacity. After 5s, the resistor connected from OLIM to AGND. When
LED pins switch to open drain automatically to the output current flowing out from the VL node
minimize the battery quiescent current. For the exceeds the output over-current limit, the
LED to display the battery capacity, short push MP2639A regulates the duty cycle to maintain
-----
PB . the output current at this limit, so the output
voltage drops accordingly. The output current
No-Load Automatic Shutdown limit can be set using Equation (8):
In discharge mode, the MP2639A monitors the
640(k)
discharge current continuously. When the IOLIM  (A)
discharge current (IBATT) is lower than 50mA, 3  ROLIM (8)
discharging can be shut down after 20s Output Short-Circuit Protection (SCP)
automatically (see Figure 10).
The MP2639A monitors the VL voltage
continuously. If VL drops below 3.9V, an event
EN DSG of the output short circuit is detected. The
MP2639A works in hiccup mode with 1.2ms
intervals, and the peak current limit of the high-
No side switch is cut by half (see Figure 11).
SS Done?

Yes

Reset 20s Timer

No

IBATT < 50mA?

Yes No

20s timer expires?

Yes

No Load
Shutdown

Figure 10: No-Load Shutdown Detection

Output Over-Voltage Protection (OVP)
The MP2639A has an internal, output, over-
voltage protection (OVP). If the voltage at the
VL node is higher than 5.75V, and an external,
abnormal voltage is added or FB is pulled to
GND falsely, then the MP2639A disables the
discharge and turns off the QRB MOSFET. Figure 11: Output Short-Circuit Protection
When the output voltage returns to a safe level,
the MP2639A restarts the discharging.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

Over-Discharge Control 1. The balance block is only active when a

The MP2639A has a battery over-discharge valid power source is present and charging
control scheme to avoid over-discharging. is enabled.(6)
During discharging, the MP2639A shuts down 2. At least one of the cell voltages is higher
automatically when the battery voltage declines than the balance starting voltage (typical
to 5.75V, and the MP2639A recovers to 3.5V).
discharge when the battery voltage is over
6.28V. 3. The voltage difference between the cells is
higher than the balance threshold (65mV).
Battery Cell Balance and Protection
NOTE:
The MP2639A provides battery cell balance 6) The balance block is valid only while the charge function is
and protection for 2-cell applications. The applied. If both the charge and discharge functions are
enabled, disable the balance block by connecting MID to
MP2639A senses the voltage across each cell. GND.
If the two cell voltages are too different, the
balance function begins, and the internal The MP2639A detects the cell with the lower
discharge circuit is turned on to decrease the voltage (VCMIN) and checks the voltage
charge current of the cell with the higher difference between each cell. If the differential
voltage. If the voltage across one of the cells voltage is higher than the balance threshold
exceeds the battery OVP threshold, the (65mV), the related balance MOSFET is turned
charging stops. If the two cell voltages are still on, and the charge current of the cell with the
too different, the cell with the higher voltage higher voltage is decreased.
discharges to balance until the two cell voltages The balancing action is suppressed if the higher
match or the part recovers from OVP (120mV cell voltage is less than the cell-balance start
lower than the OVP threshold) and recharges. voltage (VCBST) or the cell-voltage measurement
The MP2639A integrates the balance MOSFET is active.
and control circuit (see Figure 12). In each balance cycle, the cell voltage
measures for about 200µs and balances for
about 200ms. Cell measurements are frozen
VH when the balance is ongoing.
The cell balance flow chart is shown in Figure
13.
Balance & Start
MID Protection

No

Any Cell > VCBST?

PGND
Yes

Find the Cell with minimum

Figure 12: Block Diagram of the Battery Balance voltage (VCMIN)

The balance current (less than 200mA) No

depends on the external resistor from MID to Any
the middle of the 2-cell battery. If a larger VCELL-VCMIN > 65mV

balance current is needed, then refer to the

external balance circuit in Figure 18. Yes

The balancing algorithm will enable Related Balance

automatically when the following conditions are MOSFET is on
true:
Figure 13: Flow Chart of the Battery Balance

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

Voltage-Based Fuel Gauge

The MP2639A integrates four comparators and VH_fb or VL_fb LED1
an open-drain circuit to indicate the fuel gauge
Vref4
via four LEDs during both charge and discharge
mode (see Figure 14). The MP2639A compares Vref3
LED2 Bias Voltage

the battery voltage with four voltage references

to reveal the capacity of the battery, with four Vref2
LED3

options of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%.

LED4

The indication plan is shown in Table 4. Vref1

Figure 14: Block Diagram of Fuel Gauge

Table 4: Voltage-Based Fuel Gauge Indication
-------------
2-Cell Charge LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 CHG
Done On On On On Off
8.4V On On On On On
Blinking
8.2V<VBATT<8.4V On On On On
at 1Hz
Blinking
7.8V<VBATT<8.2V On On Off On
at 1Hz
Blinking
7.4V< VBATT<7.8V On Off Off On
at 1Hz
Blinking
VBATT<7.4V Off Off Off On
at 1Hz

-------------
2-Cell Discharge LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 CHG
8V<VBATT On On On On Off
7.6V<VBATT<8V On On On Off Off
7.2V<VBATT<7.6V On On Off Off Off
6V<VBATT<7.2V On Off Off Off Off
Blinking
VBATT<6V Off Off Off Off
at 1Hz
During discharge mode, to minimize the power
consumption of the gauge indication, the
indication control is designed in the MP2639A
----- -----
achieved by PB . When PB is short pushed,
the gauge indication is enabled and disabled
after 5s automatically.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

Discharge Line Drop Compensation

The MP2639A integrates a discharge line The output voltage is compensated by feeding
compensation function to compensate for the the output current to the top feedback
voltage drop across the USB cable resistance (R1) (see Figure 15).
automatically.
V OU T R TRACE1

RLoad
R1
FB
R TRACE2
R2
R TRAC E = R TRAC E1 +R TRACE2
IOUT (Real Output Current)

Sensing
Gain K SNS
V IOUT (Final Voltage Signal) COMP

10M

10pF

Rx

Figure 15: Block Diagram of Line Drop Compensation

If the trace to the load is long, there is a voltage The output voltage after compensation is shown
drop between VOUT and VLOAD. The voltage at in Equation (11):
the output terminator (VOUT) is not equal to the
R1  R2 I  K SNS
voltage at the load (VLOAD). The voltage drop is VOUT   VFB  OUT  R1
described in Equation (9): R2 Rx (11)
VLOAD  VOUT  IOUT  R TRACE Ensure that VLOAD is always equal to the output
(9) setting voltage with Equation (12):
Where RTRACE is the resistance of the cable. R1  R2
VLOAD   VFB
To maintain an accurate and constant load R2 (12)
voltage, output line drop compensation is
necessary. The MP2639A offers a To solve Equation (11) and Equation (12), use
compensation method by adjusting the FB the value calculated from Equation (13):
voltage (VFB) slightly according to the load IOUT  K SNS
current. The relation between VOUT and VFB is  R1  IOUT  RTRACE
Rx (13)
described in Equation (10):
VOUT  VFB VFB VIOUT Given a tested RTRACE, R1 should be selected
  according Equation (14):
R1 R2 Rx (10)
R TRACE  Rx
Where VIOUT is the voltage signal representing R1 
K SNS (14)
the real output current.
Where RX is 150kΩ, and KSNS is 0.3. In practice,
RTRACE ranges from 120 - 200mΩ.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

Calculate R2 with Equation (15):

VFB
R2  ( )  R1
VLOAD  VFB (15)
Where VLOAD is equal to the regulation voltage,
and VFB is 1.2V.
For example, given an RTRACE of 200mΩ,
calculate R1 with Equation (16):
R TRACE  Rx 0.2  150k
R1    100k
K SNS 0 .3 (16)
Where R2 is 31.6kΩ for a 5V regulation.
Given an RTRACE of 120mΩ, calculate R1 with
Equation (17):
R TRACE  Rx 0.12  150k
R1    60k
K SNS 0 .3 (17)
Where R2 is 18.9kΩ for a 5V regulation.
Additionally, no matter how much the drop
compensation is, the maximum sink current in
FB pin is 4uA, so for R1=60k, compensation
limit is 240mV. Given a 5V output application,
the maximum regulation voltage at VL is 5.24V.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

APPLICATION INFORMATION VVLIM is 1.2V. For a preset input voltage

regulation value (i.e.: 4.675V), start with R4 =
Setting the Input Current Limit in Charge
10kΩ and R3 = 27.4kΩ.
Mode
The input current limit setting is set according to Setting the Output Current Limit in
the input power source capability. The input Discharge Mode
current limit can be set through ILIM. Connect a In discharge mode, connect a resistor from
resistor from ILIM to AGND to program the OLIM to AGND to program the output current
input current limit. The relationship is calculated limit. The relationship between the output
using Equation (18): current limit and setting resistor is shown in
Equation (22):
640(k)
IILIM  (A) (18)
3  RILIM 640(k)
IOLIM  (A)
3  ROLIM (22)
To set the input current limit to 3A, choose RILIM
to be 71.5kΩ. To set the input current limit to The output current limit of the boost can be
500mA according to the USB input request, programmed up to 5.0A.
choose RILIM to be 432kΩ. If RILIM is 0Ω, then
The expected ROLIM for typical output current
there is no limit on the input current.
limits is shown in Table 5.
Setting the Charge Current Table 5: Discharge Current Setting Table
The charge current of the MP2639A can be set ROLIM (kΩ) Charge Current (A)
by an external resistor (RISET) according to 215 1.0
Equation (19): 143 1.5
640(k) 107 2.0
ICHG  (A) 84.5 2.5
3  RISET (19)
Setting the Output Voltage in Discharge
The charge current can be programmed to 2.5A. Mode
The expected RISET for a typical charge current
The MP2639A can regulate the output voltage
is shown in Table 4.
on VL during discharge mode by adding voltage
Table 4: Charge Current Setting Table compensation to VLOAD, which is the voltage
RISET (kΩ) Charge Current (A) powering the load. The setting formula for VLOAD
215 1.0 is shown in Equation (23):
143 1.5
R1  R2
107 2.0 VLOAD  1.2V  (V)
84.5 2.5 R2 (23)

Setting the Input Voltage Regulation in The IC implements internal line drop
Charge Mode compensation by feeding the output current to
the top feedback resistance (R1). The selection
In charge mode, connect a resistor divider from
of R1 must satisfy Equation (24):
VL to AGND tapped to VLIM to program the
input voltage regulation using Equation (20): RTRACE  Rx
R1  (24)
R3  R4 KSNS
VINLMT  1.2V  (V) (20)
R4 Where Rx is 150kΩ, KSNS is 0.3, and RTRACE is
With the given R4, R3 can be calculated with the line resistance of the trace from the output
Equation (21): of the IC to the load of the system.
VINLMT  1.2V
R3   R4(V) (21)
1.2V

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

According to different evaluations on RTRACE, is 27.28kΩ at 0°C, and RNTC_HOT is 3.02kΩ at

choose an R1 value for correct compensation 50°C.
using Table 6. Suppose VLOAD is required to The following equation calculations are derived
regulate at 5V. assuming that the NTC window is between 0°C
Table 6: R1, R2 Selection Table
and 50°C. According to Equation (25) and
Equation (26), use VCOLD and VHOT from the EC
RTRACE R1 (Ω) R2 (Ω)
20m 10k 3.16k table to calculate RT1 = 2.27kΩ and RT2 =
50m 15k 4.75k 6.86kΩ (see Figure 16).
100m 50k 15.8k
150m 75k 23.7k
200m 100k 31.6k
Note that since the maximum sink current in FB
pin is 4μA, which means that the compensated
output voltage of the IC is a maximum of
(4μA×R1(kΩ)) higher than the voltage on the
load side.
Resistor Selection for the NTC Sensor
Figure 16 shows an internal resistor divider
reference circuit that limits both the high and Figure 16: NTC Function Block
low temperature thresholds at VHOT and VCOLD ,
respectively. For a given NTC thermistor, select Selecting the Inductor
an appropriate RT1 and RT2 value to set the Inductor selection is a trade-off between cost,
NTC window using Equation (25) and Equation size, and efficiency. A lower inductance value
(26): corresponds with smaller size, but results in
higher current ripple, higher magnetic hysteretic
RT2  RNTC_COLD losses, and higher output capacitances.
RT2 +RNTC_COLD (25) However, a higher inductance value benefits
 VCOLD from lower ripple current and smaller output
R R
RT1  T2 NTC_COLD filter capacitors, but results in higher inductor
RT2 +RNTC_COLD
DC resistance (DCR) loss.
RT2  RNTC_HOT Choose an inductor that does not saturate
RT2 +RNTC_HOT under the worst-case load condition.
 VHOT (26)
RT2  RNTC_HOT When the MP2639A works in charge mode (as
RT1 
RT2 +RNTC_HOT a boost converter), estimate the required
inductance with Equation (27), Equation (28),
Where RNTC_HOT is the value of the NTC resistor and Equation (29):
at a high temperature (within the required
temperature operating range), and RNTC_COLD is
VVL  (VVH  VVL )
L (27)
the value of the NTC resistor at a low VVH  fSW  IL _ MAX
temperature.
IL _ MAX  30%  IVL(MAX) (28)
The two resistors (RT1 and RT2) allow the high
and low temperature limits to be programmed VVH  IVH(MAX)
independently. With this feature, the MP2639A IVL(MAX)  (29)
VVL  
can fit most types of NTC resistors and different
temperature operating range requirements. Where VVH is the minimum battery voltage, fSW
The RT1 and RT2 values depend on the type of is the switching frequency, ∆IL_MAX is the peak-
NTC resistor selected. to-peak inductor ripple current (approximately
30% of the maximum input current (IVL(MAX))),
For example, for a 103AT thermistor, RNTC_COLD

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

IVH(MAX) is the battery current (2.5A), and η is the Suppose that the maximum VL ripple must not
efficiency. exceed 1% (e.g.: 0.5%). When VVH_MAX is 8.4V,
Under most application conditions, the charge VVL is 5V, L is 2.2µH, fSW is 1200kHz, and
current is limited at the input current limit, so ∆rVL_AX is 0.5%, then CVL is 3.2µF.
IVL(MAX) is 3A, typically.
One 4.7µF ceramic capacitor with X7R
In the worst-case scenario with a 8.4V battery dielectrics is sufficient.
voltage, a 30% inductor current ripple, and a Selecting the VH Capacitor (CVH)
typical input voltage (VVL = 5V), the inductance
is calculated as 1.9µH. The 2-cell battery is connected to the VH port,
which is the output of the boost during charge
When the MP2639A works in discharge mode mode and the input of the buck converter during
(as a buck converter), estimate the required discharge mode.
inductance with Equation (30):
In discharge mode, the capacitor CVH acts as
V  VVL VVL the input capacitor of the buck converter. The
L  VH  (30)
IL _ MAX VVH  fSW input current ripple can be calculated with
Equation (33):
Where VVH is the output voltage, VIN is the input
voltage, fSW is the switching frequency, and VVL  (VVH _ MAX  VVL )
IRMS _ MAX  IVH _ MAX  (33)
∆IL_MAX is the maximum peak-to-peak inductor VVH _ MAX
current (usually 30 - 40% of the discharge
current). In boost mode, the capacitor (CVH) is the output
capacitor of the boost converter. CVH keeps the
With a typical 8.4V input voltage (2-cell battery), VH ripple small (<0.5%) and ensures feedback
a 30% inductor current ripple at the max output loop stability. The VH current ripple is given by
current when VVL is set at the typical 5V value Equation (29).
(VVL = 5V, IVL(max) = 5A), and the inductance is
calculated as 1.2µH. When IVH_MAX is 2.0A, VVL is 5V, and VVH_MAX is
8.4V, the maximum ripple current is 1A. Select
For best results, use an inductor with an
the system capacitors base on the ripple-
inductance of 2.2µH with a DC current rating no
current temperature rise, not to exceed 10°C.
lower than the peak current of the MOSFET.
For best results, use X7R dielectric ceramic
For higher efficiency, minimize the inductor’s
capacitors with low ESR and small temperature
DC resistance.
coefficients. For most applications, place two
Selecting the VL Capacitor (CVL) 22µF capacitors and one 1µF capacitor as
Select the VL capacitor (CVL) based on the close to the IC as possible.
demand of the system current ripple. PCB Layout Guidelines
CVL is the input capacitor of the boost converter Efficient PCB layout is critical for meeting
during charge mode and the output capacitor of specified noise, efficiency, and stability
the buck converter during discharge mode. requirements. For best results, follow the
Calculate its values with Equation (31) and guidelines below.
Equation (32):
1. Route the power stage adjacent to their
VVL 1  VVL / VVH grounds.
rVL   (31)
VVL 8  C VL  fSW 2  L 2. Minimize the length of high-side switching
node (SW, inductor) trace that carries the
1  VVL / VVH _ MAX high current.
CVL  (32)
8  rVL _ MAX  fSW 2  L
3. Keep the switching node short and away
from all control signals, especially the
feedback network.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

4. Place the input capacitor as close to VH and

PGND as possible.
5. Place the local power input capacitors
connected from VL to PGND as close to the
IC as possible.
6. Place the output inductor close to the IC.
7. Connect the output capacitor between the
inductor and PGND of the IC.
8. Connect the power pads for VH, VL, BATT,
and PGND to as many copper planes on the
board as possible for high-current
applications.
This improves thermal performance
because the board conducts heat away
from the IC.
9. Provide a ground plane for the PCB
connected directly to the return of all
components through vias (e.g.: two vias per
capacitor for power-stage capacitors, one
via per capacitor for small-signal
components).
A star ground design approach is typically
used to keep circuit block currents isolated
(power signal/control signal), which reduces
noise coupling and ground bounce issues. A
single ground plane for this design gives
good results.
10. Place the ISET, OLIM and ILIM resistors
very close to their respective IC pins.

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITS

5V Output

VL L1

FB Q1 BST SW LX QRB 5V Input

VH
VBATT
VL
Q2
Battery

MID ACOK

MP2639A

AGND PGND

Figure 17: Two-Port Application

Figure 18: Large Balance Current Application

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 MP2639A – SWITCH-MODE BATTERY CHARGER W/ BIDIRECTIONAL OPERATION

PACKAGE INFORMATION
QFN-26 (4mmx4mm)

NOTICE: The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Please contact MPS for current specifications.
Users should warrant and guarantee that third party Intellectual Property rights are not infringed upon when integrating MPS
products into any application. MPS will not assume any legal responsibility for any said applications.
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