T3 16-17 [101 marks]

1. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

2. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

3. [1 mark]

Markscheme
A

4. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

5. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

6. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C
7. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

8. [1 mark]

Markscheme
A

9. [1 mark]

Markscheme
A

10. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C

11. [1 mark]

Markscheme
A

12. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

13. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C
14. [1 mark]

Markscheme
A

15. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

16. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

17. [1 mark]

Markscheme
C

18. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B

19. [1 mark]

Markscheme
D

20. [1 mark]

Markscheme
B
21a. [4 marks]

Markscheme
use of m×c×θ with correct substitution for either original water or water from melted ice
energy available to melt ice = «8820 – 1260 =» 7560 J
equates 7560 to mL
3.02×105Jkg–1
FOR EXAMPLE
0.35 × 4200 × (18 – 12) OR 0.025 × 4200 × 12
7560 J
7560
L= 0.025
3.02×105Jkg–1
Award [3 max] if energy to warm melted ice as water is ignored (350kJkg –1).
Allow ECF in MP3.

21b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
(i)
no change in temperature/no effect, the energies exchanged are the same
(ii)
the time will be less/ice melts faster, because surface area is greater or crushed ice has
more contact with water

22a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
mention of atoms/molecules/particles
sum/total of kinetic energy and «mutual/intermolecular» potential energy
Do not allow “kinetic energy and potential energy” bald.
Do not allow “sum of average ke and pe” unless clearly referring to total ensemble.
22b. [4 marks]

Markscheme
i
«intermolecular» potential energy/PE of an ideal gas is zero/negligible

ii
THIS IS FOR USE WITH AN ENGLISH SCRIPT ONLY
1.4×21
use of T = PV
nR
or T = 0.46×8.31
Award mark for correct re-arrangement as shown here not for quotation of Data Booklet
version.
Award [2] for a bald correct answer in K.
Award [2 max] if correct 7.7 K seen followed by –265°C and mark BOD. However, if only –
265°C seen, award [1 max].

7.7 K
Do not penalise use of “°K”
ii
THIS IS FOR USE WITH A SPANISH SCRIPT ONLY
T= PV
nR

1.4×2.1×10−6
T= 0.46×8.31
T = 7.7 ×10 -6 K
Award mark for correct re-arrangement as shown here not for quotation of Data Booklet
version.
Uses correct unit conversion for volume
Award [2] for a bald correct answer in K. Finds solution. Allow an ECF from MP2 if unit not
converted, ie candidate uses 21 m3 and obtains 7.7 K
Do not penalise use of “°K”

iii
models used to predict/hypothesize
explain
simulate
simplify/approximate
Allow similar responses which have equivalent meanings. Response needs to identify one
reason.
23. [5 marks]

Markscheme
i
«intermolecular» potential energy/PE of an ideal gas is zero/negligible

ii
THIS IS FOR USE WITH AN ENGLISH SCRIPT ONLY
1.4×21
use of T = PV
nR
or T = 0.46 ×8.31
Award mark for correct re-arrangement as shown here not for quotation of Data Booklet
version.
Award [2] for a bald correct answer in K.
Award [2 max] if correct 7.7 K seen followed by –265°C and mark BOD. However, if only –
265°C seen, award [1 max].

7.7K
Do not penalise use of “°K”

ii
THIS IS FOR USE WITH A SPANISH SCRIPT ONLY
T= PV
nR
Award mark for correct re-arrangement as shown here not for quotation of Data Booklet
version.
1.4×2.1×10−6
T= 0.46×8.31
Uses correct unit conversion for volume
T = 7.7×10 -6K
Award [2] for a bald correct answer in K. Finds solution. Allow an ECF from MP2 if unit not
converted, ie candidate uses 21m3 and obtains 7.7 K
Do not penalise use of “°K”

iii
«models used to»
predict/hypothesize / lead to further theories
Response needs to identify two different reasons. (N.B. only one in SL).
explain / help with understanding / help to visualize
Do not allow any response that is gas specific. The question is couched in general, nature
of science terms and must be answered as such.
simulate
simplify/approximate
24a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
1 2
2
v = 0.24 gh
v = 11.9 «m s –1»

Award GPE lost = 65 × 9.81 × 30 = «19130 J»

Must see the 11.9 value for MP2, not simply 12.
Allow g = 9.8 ms –2.

24b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
internal energy is the total KE «and PE» of the molecules/particles/atoms in an object
temperature is a measure of the average KE of the molecules/particles/atoms

Award [1 max] if there is no mention of molecules/particles/atoms.

24c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
arrow vertically downwards from dot labelled weight/W/mg/gravitational
force/Fg/Fgravitational AND arrow vertically upwards from dot labelled reaction force/R/normal
contact force/N/FN
W>R

Do not allow gravity.

Do not award MP1 if additional ‘centripetal’ force arrow is added.
Arrows must connect to dot.
Ignore any horizontal arrow labelled friction.
Judge by eye for MP2. Arrows do not have to be correctly labelled or connect to dot for
MP2.
24d. [3 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
mv2
recognition that centripetal force is required / r seen
= 468 «N»
W/640 N (weight) is larger than the centripetal force required, so the skier does not lose
contact with the ground

ALTERNATIVE 2
v2
recognition that centripetal acceleration is required / r seen
a = 7.2 «ms –2»
g is larger than the centripetal acceleration required, so the skier does not lose contact with
the ground

ALTERNATIVE 3
recognition that to lose contact with the ground centripetal force ≥ weight
calculation that v ≥ 14 «ms –1»
comment that 12 «ms –1» is less than 14 «ms –1» so the skier does not lose contact with the
ground

ALTERNATIVE 4
mv2
recognition that centripetal force is required / r
seen
calculation that reaction force = 172 «N»
reaction force > 0 so the skier does not lose contact with the ground

Do not award a mark for the bald statement that the skier does not lose contact with the
ground.
24e. [3 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
0 = 8.2 2 + 2 × a × 24 therefore a = «−»1.40 «m s −2»
friction force = ma = 65 × 1.4 = 91 «N»
91
coefficient of friction = 65×9.81
= 0.14

ALTERNATIVE 2
KE = 12 mv2 = 0.5 x 65 x 8.2 2 = 2185 «J»

friction force = KE/distance = 2185/24 = 91 «N»

91
coefficient of friction = 65×9.81
= 0.14

Allow ECF from MP1.

24f. [2 marks]

Markscheme
«76 × 9.6»= 730
Ns OR kg ms –1

24g. [2 marks]

Markscheme
safety net extends stopping time
Δp
F= Δt
therefore F is smaller «with safety net»

OR
force is proportional to rate of change of momentum therefore F is smaller «with safety net»

Accept reverse argument.

25a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
222 AND 4

Both needed.
25b. [1 mark]

Markscheme
alpha particles highly ionizing
OR
alpha particles have a low penetration power
OR
thin glass increases probability of alpha crossing glass
OR
decreases probability of alpha striking atom/nucleus/molecule

25c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
conversion of temperature to 291 K
2.91
p = 4.5 x 10 –9 x 8.31 x « »
1.3×10−5

OR
2.91
p = 2.7 x 10 15 x 1.38 x 10 –23 x « »
1.3×10−5

0.83 or 0.84 «Pa»

25d. [3 marks]

Markscheme
electron/atom drops from high energy state/level to low state
energy levels are discrete
hc
wavelength/frequency of photon is related to energy change or quotes E = hf or E = λ

and is therefore also discrete

25e. [1 mark]

Markscheme
peer review guarantees the validity of the work
OR
means that readers have confidence in the validity of work

OWTTE
26a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
the field lines/arrows are further apart at greater distances from the surface

26b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
circle centred on Planet X
three units from Planet X centre

26c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
6.67×10−11×3.1×1021
loss in gravitational potential =
1.2×106

«= 1.72 × 10 5 JKg−1»
1 2
equate to 2
v

v = 590 «m s −1»

Allow ECF from MP1.

26d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
available energy to melt one kg 1.72 × 10 5 «J»
1.72×105
fraction that melts is = 0.52 OR 52%
3.3×105

Allow ECF from MP1.

Allow 53% from use of 590 ms -1.

27a. [1 mark]

Markscheme
« 12 CV 2 = 1
2
× 0.22 × 242 » = «J»

27b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
t
1
100
= e− 8.0×0.022
ln 0.01 = − 8.0×t0.022
0.81 «s»

27c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
Q
c= m×ΔT
OR
6.3
0.00061×28
370 J kg–1 K–1

Allow ECF from 3(a) for energy transferred.

Correct answer only to include correct unit that matches answer power of ten.
Allow use of g and kJ in unit but must match numerical answer, eg: 0.37 J kg –1 K–1 receives
[1]
27d. [2 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
some thermal energy will be transferred to surroundings/along connecting wires/to
thermometer
estimate «of specific heat capacity by student» will be larger «than accepted value»

ALTERNATIVE 2
not all energy transferred as capacitor did not fully discharge
so estimate «of specific heat capacity by student» will be larger «than accepted value»

28a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
4α
2

OR
4 He
2
222 Rn
86

These must be seen on the right-hand side of the equation.

28b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1
6 days is 5.18 x 105 s
−11
activity after 6 days is A0 e−1.4×10 ×5.8×105 ≈ A0
OR
A = 0.9999927 A0 or 0.9999927 λN0
OR
A
states that index of e is so small that is ≈ 1
A0

OR
A – A0 ≈ 10–15 «s–1»

ALTERNATIVE 2
shows half-life of the order of 10 11 s or 5.0 x 10 10 s
converts this to year «1600 y» or days and states half-life much longer than experiment
compared to experiment

Award [1 max] if calculations/substitutions have numerical slips but would lead to correct
deduction.
eg: failure to convert 6 days to seconds but correct substitution into equation will give MP2.
Allow working in days, but for MP1 must see conversion of
λ or half-life to day –1.
28c. [3 marks]

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1

use of A = λN0
conversion to number of molecules = nNA = 3.7 x 10 20
OR
initial activity = 5.2 x 10 9 «s–1»
number emitted = (6 x 24 x 3600) x 1.4 x 10 –11 x 3.7 x 10 20 or 2.7 x 10 15 alpha particles

ALTERNATIVE 2
use of N = N0e−λt
N0 = n x NA = 3.7 x 10 20
alpha particles emitted «= number of atoms disintegrated = N – N0 =» N0
(1 − e−λ×6×24×3600 ) or 2.7 x 1015 alpha particles

Must see correct substitution or answer to 2+ sf for MP3

28d. [1 mark]

Markscheme
alpha particles highly ionizing
OR
alpha particles have a low penetration power
OR
thin glass increases probability of alpha crossing glass
OR
decreases probability of alpha striking atom/nucleus/molecule

Do not allow reference to tunnelling.

28e. [3 marks]

Markscheme
conversion of temperature to 291 K
291
p = 4.5 x 10 –9 x 8.31 x « »
1.3×10−5

OR
291
p = 2.7 x 10 15 x 1.3 x 10 –23 x « »
1.3×10−5

0.83 or 0.84 «Pa»

Allow ECF for 2.7 x 10 15 from (b)(ii).

29a. [2 marks]

Markscheme
3×108×sin(33)
«v = c sin i
sin r
=» sin(46)

2.3 x 10 8 «m s–1»

29b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
light strikes AB at an angle of 57°
critical angle is «sin –1( 2.3
3
) =» 50.1°
49.2° from unrounded value
angle of incidence is greater than critical angle so total internal reflection
OR
light strikes AB at an angle of 57°
calculation showing sin of “refracted angle” = 1.1
statement that since 1.1>1 the angle does not exist and the light does not emerge
[Max 3 marks]

29c. [2 marks]

Markscheme
total internal reflection shown
ray emerges at opposite face to incidence
Judge angle of incidence=angle of reflection by eye or accept correctly labelled angles
With sensible refraction in correct direction
 29d. [4 marks]

Markscheme
mass = «volume x density» (0.75)3 x 920 «= 388 kg»
energy required to raise temperature = 388 x 2100 x 20 «= 1.63 x 10 7 J»
energy required to melt = 388 x 330 x 10 3 «= 1.28 x 108 J»
1.4 x 108 «J» OR 1.4 x 105 «kJ»
Accept any consistent units
Award [3 max] for answer which uses density as 1000 kg –3 (1.5× 10 8 «J»)

29e. [1 mark]

Markscheme
in solid state, nearest neighbour molecules cannot exchange places/have fixed
positions/are closer to each other/have regular pattern/have stronger forces of attraction
in liquid, bonds between molecules can be broken and re-form
OWTTE
Accept converse argument for liquids
[Max 1 Mark]

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