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Basic Concepts On Functions

This document discusses basic concepts about functions including relations, domains, ranges, types of mappings, and graphs of functions. It defines a function as a relation where each element of the domain corresponds to exactly one element of the range. The key types of functions covered are constant, linear, quadratic, rational, absolute value, and greatest integer functions. It also discusses evaluating functions, identifying the domain and range from graphs, and using the vertical line test to determine if a graph represents a function.

Uploaded by

Chelsea Roque
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views

Basic Concepts On Functions

This document discusses basic concepts about functions including relations, domains, ranges, types of mappings, and graphs of functions. It defines a function as a relation where each element of the domain corresponds to exactly one element of the range. The key types of functions covered are constant, linear, quadratic, rational, absolute value, and greatest integer functions. It also discusses evaluating functions, identifying the domain and range from graphs, and using the vertical line test to determine if a graph represents a function.

Uploaded by

Chelsea Roque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Basic Concepts on
Functions
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

A relation is a set of ordered pairs.


This is a
{(2,3), (-1,5), (4,-2), (9,9), (0,-6)} relation

The domain is the set of all x values in the relation


domain = {-1,0,2,4,9}
These are the x values written in a set from smallest to largest

The range is the set of all y values in the relation


range = {-6,-2,3,5,9}
These are the y values written in a set from smallest to largest
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

A function is a relation in which, for each


value of the first component of the ordered
pairs, there is exactly one value of the second
component.
Note:
1. every function is a relation, not every
relation is a function
2. it may have ordered pairs with the same
second coordinate
MAPPING OF X-VALUES TO Y-VALUES

1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

Set A is the domain Set B is the range

This is a function ---it


meets our conditions Must use all the x’s
The x value can only be assigned to one y
This can be written as {(1,4), (2,2), (3,10), (4,8), (5,6)}
TYPES OF MAPPINGS

One-to-One Correspondence

1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

X Y

Domain (set of all x’s) Range (set of all y’s)


TYPES OF MAPPINGS

Many-to-One Correspondence

1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

X = Set A Y = Set B
Domain Set Range Set
TYPES OF MAPPINGS

One-to-Many Correspondence

1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

X = Set A Y = Set B
TYPES OF MAPPINGS

Does the mapping illustrate a function? Explain.


a. b.
GRAPH OF A FUNCTION

The graph of a function f consists of all


points (x, y) whose coordinates satisfy
y=f(x), for all x in the domain of f. The set
of ordered pairs (x,y) may also be
represented by (x, f(x)) since y = f(x).
GRAPH OF A FUNCTION

Consider the following graphs

y  x3  1
and

y  sin x 

Each value of x maps to Each value of x maps to only one


only one value of y , value of y,
and each y is mapped BUT many other x values map
from only one x. to that y.
GRAPH OF A FUNCTION

EXERCISE.

If the domain of 𝒙 = −𝒙 is integer values


of x such that − ≤ 𝒙 < , find the range
and sketch the graph.

Is the graph illustrates a function?


VERTICAL LINE TEST OF A FUNCTION

A set of points in a coordinate plane is the


graph of a function y = f(x) if and only if
no vertical line intersects the graph at
more than one point.
VERTICAL LINE TEST OF A FUNCTION

If a vertical line passes through a graph more than


once, the graph is not the graph of a function.
Hint:
Pass a pencil across the
graph held vertically to
represent a vertical line.
The pencil crosses the
graph more than once.
This is not a function
because there are two
y-values for the same
x-value.
VERTICAL LINE TEST OF A FUNCTION

Determine if the following graphs represent a function.


Explain.
a. b.
FUNCTION NOTATION

• Functions can be named by using a letter or


combination of letters, such as, , , ℎ, , , .

• If is an element of the domain of , then ,


which is read " of “ or the value of at , is the
element in the range of that corresponds to the
domain of .

• The notation means the name of the function


while the notation “ means the value of the
function at .
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS

To evaluate a function, replace the independent


variable with a number in the domain of the function
and then simplify the resulting expression.

Let = − and evaluate:


a. −
b.
c. −
d. −
e. +
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONS

EXERCISE.

Let 𝐴 = − , find
a. 𝐴 −
b. 𝐴
c. 𝐴 +
BASIC TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

1. Constant Function – a function of zero-degree that are


of the form = , ≠ .
2. Linear Function – a function of first-degree polynomial
that are of the form = + , ≠ .
3. Quadratic Function – a function of the form
= + + , ≠ .
4. Rational Function – the quotient of two polynomial
𝑔 𝑥
functions that are of the form = ,ℎ ≠ .
ℎ 𝑥
5. Absolute Value Function – a function of the form
= .
OTHER TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

1. Power Function – a function of the form = 𝑛


where n is any real number.
2. Polynomial Function – any function of the form
= 𝑛 𝑛 + 𝑛− 𝑛− + ⋯ + + .
3. Greatest Integer Function – a function of the form
= . The value is the greatest integer
that is less than or equal to x. (e.g. . = )
4. Radical Function – a function of the form
= 𝑛 , where x is an integer.
TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

EXERCISE.
Determine the type of function of the following.
𝑥−
a. =
𝑥+7
b. = +8 − +
c. =
d. =− 8
e. = −
f. = −
g. = +
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF GRAPHS
OF FUNCTIONS
Linear Function
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF GRAPHS
OF FUNCTIONS
Quadratic Function
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF GRAPHS
OF FUNCTIONS
Cube Function
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF GRAPHS
OF FUNCTIONS
Square Root Function
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF GRAPHS
OF FUNCTIONS
Cube Root Function
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF GRAPHS
OF FUNCTIONS
Absolute Value Function
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF GRAPHS
OF FUNCTIONS
Rational Function
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF GRAPHS
OF FUNCTIONS
Greatest Integer Function
DOMAIN: −∞, ∞
RANGE: 𝒙 𝒙 𝒊 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒏
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF GRAPHS
OF FUNCTIONS
EXERCISE.
Identify the domain and range of each graphs.
1.
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF GRAPHS
OF FUNCTIONS
EXERCISE.
Identify the domain and range of each graphs.
2.
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF GRAPHS
OF FUNCTIONS
EXERCISE.
Identify the domain and range of each graphs.
3.
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF GRAPHS
OF FUNCTIONS
EXERCISE.
Identify the domain and range of each graphs.
4.

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