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1
Basic Commands

Print
PrintWorking
WorkingDirectory
Directory
[root@comp1 ~]# pwd
[root@comp1 ~]# pwd

Shows
Showslist
listof
offiles
files&
&directories
directories
[root@comp1 ~]# ls <options> <arguments>
[root@comp1 ~]# ls <options> <arguments>

2
ls Command

Listing
Listingof
of files
filesand
anddirectories
directories along
alongwith
with the
theattributes
attributes
[root@comp1 ~]#
[root@comp1 ~]# ls l ls l or
or
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]# ~]#llll

Listing
Listingof
ofall
allfiles
filesand
anddirectories
directories including
includingthe
thehidden
hidden
root@comp1 ~]# ls
root@comp1 ~]# ls -a -a

Listing
Listingof
ofall
allfiles
filesand
anddirectories
directoriesin
inreverse
reverseorder
order
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#~]#ls
ls -r
-r
3

3
ls Command

Listing
Listingof
offiles
filesand
anddirectories
directoriesalong
alongwith
with the
the inode
inode numbers
numbers
[root@comp1 ~]# ls
[root@comp1 ~]# ls il il

Listing
Listingof
ofthe
theattributes
attributesof
ofaaparticular
particularfile
fileor
or directory
directory
[root@comp1 ~]# ls -ld <directory>
[root@comp1 ~]# ls -ld <directory>

Shows
Showsthethelist
listof
offiles
filesin
inTree
Treestructure
structure
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#
~]#ls
ls -R
-R <directory>
<directory>
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4
Creation of Files

By using three methods we can create files

cat command

touch command

vi editor

Displaying
Displaying&&Creating
CreatingText
TextFiles
Files
[root@comp1 ~]# cat <options> <arguments>
[root@comp1 ~]# cat <options> <arguments>

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cat command

To
Tocreate
createaafile
file
[root@comp1 ~]# cat > <filename>
[root@comp1 ~]# cat > <filename>

To
Toview
viewthe
thecontent
contentof
ofaafile
file
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#
~]#cat
cat <filename>
<filename>

To
Toappend
appendaafile
file
[root@comp1 ~]# cat >> <filename>
[root@comp1 ~]# cat >> <filename>

To
Totransfer
transferthe
thecontents
contentsofoffile1
file1&
&file2
file2to
tofile3
file3
[root@comp1 ~]# cat <file1> <file2> >> <file3>
[root@comp1 ~]# cat <file1> <file2> >> <file3>
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6
touch command

To
Tocreate
createaafile
filewith
withzero
zerobytes
bytesasaswell
wellas
asto
tochange
changethe
thetime
time
stamp of file or directory.
stamp of file or directory.
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#~]#touch
touch <filename>
<filename>

To
Tocreate
createmultiple
multiplefiles
files
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#
~]#touch
touch <file1>
<file1> <file2>
<file2> <file3>
<file3>

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Creating Directories

To
Tocreate
createaadirectory
directory
[root@comp1
[root@comp1 ~]# mkdir <directory name>
~]# mkdir <directory name>

To
Tocreate
createmultiple
multipledirectories
directories
[root@comp1
[root@comp1 ~]# mkdir <dir1> <dir2>
~]# mkdir <dir1> <dir2> <dir3>
<dir3>

To
Tocreate
createnested
nesteddirectories
directories
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#
~]#mkdir
mkdir -p
-p <dir1>/<dir2>/<dir3>
<dir1>/<dir2>/<dir3>

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Navigation of Directories

To
Tochange
changethe
thedirectory
directory
[root@comp1 ~]# cd <path of the directory>
[root@comp1 ~]# cd <path of the directory>

To
Tochange
changedirectory
directoryone
one level
levelback
back
[root@comp1 ~]# cd ..
[root@comp1 ~]# cd ..

To
Tochange
changedirectory
directory two
twolevels
levelsback
back
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#
~]#cdcd../..
../..

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Navigation of Directories

To
Tochange
changedirectory
directory to
tolast
lastworking
workingdirectory
directory
[root@comp1 ~]# cd
[root@comp1 ~]# cd

To
Tochange
changedirectory
directory to
tohome
home directory
directory
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#
~]#cd
cd or
or
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#
~]#cd
cd ~~

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10
Removing a File or Directory

To
Toremove
removeaa file
file
[root@comp1 ~]# rm <filename>
[root@comp1 ~]# rm <filename>

To
Toremove
removeempty
empty directory
directory
[root@comp1
[root@comp1 ~]# rmdir <directoryname>
~]# rmdir <directory name>

To
Toremove
remove directory
directoryrecursively
recursively and
andforcefully
forcefully
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#
~]#rm
rm rf rf <directory
<directoryname>
name>

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11
Copying a File or Directory

To
Tocopy
copyaafile
file
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#
~]#cp
cp <source
<sourcefile
filepath>
path><destination
<destinationfile
filepath>
path>

To
Tocopy
copyaadirectory
directory
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#
~]#cp
cp rr <source
<sourcedir
dirpath>
path> <destination
<destinationdir
dirpath>
path>

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Moving / Renaming a File or Directory

To
Tomove
moveaa file/dir
file/dirto
toaadifferent
different location
location
[root@comp1
[root@comp1 ~]# mv <source path> <destination
~]# mv <source path> <destinationpath>
path>

To
To rename
rename file/dir
file/dirmove
moveat
atsame
samelocation
location
[root@comp1
[root@comp1~]#
~]#mvmv <old
<oldname>
name> <new
<newname>
name>

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