LECTURE NOTES IN KEYBOARDING

What is KEYBOARDING?
A keyboard is one of the primary input devices used with a computer.
Similar to an electric typewriter, a keyboard is composed of buttons used to
create letters, numbers, and symbols, and perform additional functions.

Importance of Keyboarding
1. speed: it enable the user of the computer or typewriter to do a lot of work
faster than when he applies sight system
2. Accuracy: Learning to use the appropriate singer to manipulate a specific
key reduces errors in typing as well as the wrong stress
3. Efficiency: speed and accuracy bring about efficiency of work
4. Easy production of work: a good knowledge of touch system enable the
operator to produce whatever work he does in computer or typewriter
5. Sense of Happiness and Encouragement: the achievement of speed,
accuracy, and efficiency give joy and encourages one to strive to greater
height in the course of keyboarding
6. Career Opportunity: it will make a job seeker more marketable as most
jobs in society requires some degree of computer work
7. Personal use: individuals’ own computer nowadays. A good knowledge
of keyboarding will enable one work on One’s Personal computers
Proper Sitting Posture for Keyboarding
1. Correct sitting posture for keyboarding
2. Incorrect sitting posture for keyboarding.

Typing is the process of writing or inputting text by pressing the keys on a

typewriter keyboard, cell phone, or a calculator. It can be distinguished from
other means of text input, such as hand writing and speech recognized.
Typing speed up the process of producing information and getting that
information out either on printed paper or by way of the internet.
Using the correct posture at the keyboard can reduce eye strain and fatigue
and posture defects which will result in significantly better typing performance.
To ensure effective typing, follow the following guideline:
1. Line up monitor with top of the head.
2. Position the screen at arm’s length.
3. Properly relax your shoulder.
4. The angle from the bending of elbows should be 90′.
5. Keep the wrist straight while keyboarding/typing.
6. Line up hips, shoulder and ears vertically.
7. Place hips back in chair bent at 90′.
8. Sit up straight and feet flat on the floor.
9. Position the source document or manuscript directly in front of you and use
an in-line copy stand.
10. Keep your finger anchored in the home row keys when you reach for a key
on the top or bottom row while typing. While typing always remember to bring
your finger back to the home row position.
11. Use Thumbs to press the space key

The 10 Commandments of Computer Care

The single best way to care for your gaming computer is to provide it with
routine care. Basic software and hardware maintenance is easy to perform and
extends the life of your computer.
Let’s take a look at the 10 commandments of computer care for your
workstation PC.
1. Install Antivirus Software
Antivirus software is responsible for catching viruses in spam my downloads
and fishy websites. Some programs are free, while others cost around
$50-$100 per year. Even if you choose to pay for the software, it’s still far less
than what it would cost to have to restore your system.
2. Perform Regular Software Updates
Software updates keep your PC running smoothly. Updates generally contain
fixes for bugs and glitches as well as enhanced security features.

3. Run Computer Maintenance

Computer maintenance is a vital step in protecting your computer. On a PC,
defragment your computer regularly and clean the registry. Scans and updates
are also necessary.
4. Backup Files
It’s a good idea to backup all files so that they are there if something happens
to your computer. External hard drives are the popular choice for backing up
photos, videos and other files. Software-based backups are also useful and
allow you to go back in your workstation PC’s timeline in case of a glitch.
5. Keep Your Keyboard Crumb Free
It’s common to eat over your keyboard, but it’s a habit you should stop.
Crumbs are more than a nuisance; they can damage the internal parts of the
keyboard.
6. Clean the Screen
Another part of your gaming computer that you should keep clean is the
screen. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for cleaning, and always
use a soft cloth or wipes specifically made for electronics.
7. Remove Dust from Vents and Fans
The fan and vents keep your gaming PC from getting too hot, but dust can get
inside and cause them to run slow. Luckily, you can either clean the fan and
vents yourself or take your laptop to a computer shop.
8. Use a Surge Protector
Just one power surge can fry your gaming computer while it’s plugged in.
Protect your system with an inexpensive surge protector, and carry one with
you, too.
9. Avoid Extreme Temperatures
Moderate temperatures of 68 to 71 degrees Fahrenheit are ideal temperatures
for computers. Avoid leaving your laptop in a hot car or cold, damp basement
for instance.
10. Carry Laptops in Cases
If you bring your computer with you to school or work, make sure that you
transport it in a padded carrying case. These cases not only protect computers
from scratches and dents, but also they prevent them from getting dust and
debris inside the fans, vents, etc.
Take care of your gaming PC and it will reward you with a long life!
Correct Keyboarding Techniques
To learn the correct operation of the keyboard you must mater the
keyboard very well. For the operator to master the keyboard and
thus thoroughly. This, the operator achieves by taking a form
decision not to look at the keyboarding. There are 26 alphabets in
the computer keyboard and more than 20 different signs and
marks such as division (/), full stop (.) exclamation mark (!) and
other standard functions keys.
The Keyboard Rows
The Keyboard rows are made up of the following
● Top Row Keys in Computer: they are the letters of the following
alphabets. Q,W,E,R,T,V,U,I,O,P. Other keys (not alphabets) that make up
the top row are [.], {.}, L, and //
● Upper Row Keys: upper row keys comprise of numerical keys found at
the upper row of the keyboard namely, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0. Others found
on top of them Are @, &, ^,*, (,),-, +, = etc.
● Home Row keys: the home keys are asdf, jkl; they are called home keys
or home rows because they are the key where the operator rests his hand
and only move the fingers from these keys to lit other keys and then
return back to these row.
Division of the Keyboard
The keyboard is divided into
two the left-hand side and the
right-hand side.

Left Hand Side: the left-hand side of the keyboard is operated with the left
fingers.
 For the left hand fingers
1. The finger that types A also type Z
and Q
2. The finger that types S also type X
and W
3. The finger that types D also types
C and E
4. The finger that types F also type
R,T,G and V

For the Right hand Finger

1. The finger that types ; (Colum)
also type P
2. The finger that types L types O
and
3. (comma)
4. The finger that types K also
types I and M
5. These finger are also used to
types figured strike the special
function keys to keys and do
other operations.
Home Row and Home Keys
The home keys are the keys where the fingers are returned when they are not
doing active work. Each finger after striking the appropriate key come back and
rest at the home key. The home keys are 8 in number, they are the first and
the last four of the keys show below. [A] [S] [D] [F] [G] [J] [K] [L] [;]

The Alphabet, Number, and Symbol Keys

How many keys are on a computer keyboard?
There's no single standard dictating the number of keys, buttons, or characters
on a keyboard; most companies use the PC keyboard with a total of 104
alphanumeric keys as a de facto standard. There have been many different
manufacturers over the years, so the number of keys varies from model to
model. On this page, we list the key counts for many of the more common
types of keyboards in their respective classes.

IBM/PC keyboards
(IBM, in full International Business Machines Corporation, leading American
computer manufacturer, with a major share of the market both in the United
States and abroad. Its headquarters are in Armonk, New York.)
● Original IBM PC Keyboard (1981) - 83 keys
● Updated IBM PC Keyboard (1984) - 84 keys
● AT Keyboard - 84 keys
● AT Enhanced Keyboard - 101 keys
● US Traditional Keyboard - 101 keys
● Enhanced European Keyboard - 102 keys
● Windows Keyboard - 104 keys
 ● Windows-based Laptop Keyboard - 86 keys
● Windows-based multimedia Keyboard - varies by how many special
keys are present
Apple keyboards
● Apple Keyboard with Numeric Keypad - 109 keys
● Apple Wireless Keyboard - 78 keys
● Apple MacBook Air laptop - 78 keys
How many function keys are on a keyboard?
Today's traditional PC keyboards have 12 function keys, F1 through F12. Some
specialized PC keyboards have 24 function keys, F1 through F24.
Many Apple desktop computer keyboards with a number pad have 19 function
keys, F1 through F19.
● What are the F1 trough F 12 keys?
● How many keys are on the numeric keypad?
● Most desktop computer keyboards have one numeric keypad with 17
keys on the PC and 18 keys on Apple keyboards.
Some laptop keyboards include a numeric keypad, while others do not. Most
laptops with a 15-inch or larger screen size have a numeric keypad. Laptops
with smaller screen sizes usually do not have a numeric keypad.
Note
Some computers may have an external USB (universal serial bus) numeric
keypad device attached to the computer. An external USB numeric keypad can
have any number of keys.
Note
When talking about a keypad on a phone or security keypad, this keypad has
12 buttons. The numbers zero through nine, with keys for the asterisk (*) and
pound (#).
How many number keys are on a keyboard?
If you only count the top row of number keys on a keyboard, numbers 1
through 0, there are ten number keys on the keyboard.
If the keyboard also has a numeric keypad (1 through 0), there are twenty
number keys on the keyboard.
How many alphabetic keys are on a keyboard?
On an English computer keyboard, there are the same number of alphabetic
keys as there are in the English alphabet; 26 keys for the 26 letters.

How many symbols are on a keyboard?

On an English QWERTY keyboard, there are 40 symbols (e.g., ~,!, @, #, $, and
% that are not letters or numbers) on 28 keys. There is a difference in numbers
because some
The count above of the keys have two symbols.
Note
includes the Windows keys and Menu key (3 keys) and does not count the
arrow keys.
How many arrow keys are on a keyboard?
There are four arrow keys (up, right, down, and left arrow) on a keyboard. If
you also count the arrow keys found on most PC keyboards number pad, there
are eight arrow keys.
How many rows of keys are there on a keyboard?
Counting the function keys row, there are six rows of keys. Three of those rows
(top row, home row, and bottom row) contain alphabetic letters that aren't in
alphabetical order. When you place your hand on the keyboard, your fingers
should be on the home row.
CONTROL KEYS
Ctrl is a modifier key which, when pressed in conjunction with another key,
performs a special operation (for example, Ctrl+C)

FUNCTION KEYS
Is a key on a computer or terminal keyboard which can be programmed so as
to cause an operating system command interpreter or application program to
perform certain actions, a form of soft key.
 USING KEYBOARD SHORTCUT

Keyboard shortcuts
Are keys or combinations of keys that provide an alternative way to do
something that you'd typically do with a mouse?