HW 2

EE 3640 Communication Systems I Chi-chao Chao
Spring 2023
Homework Assignment No. 2

Due 1:20pm, March 27, 2023
Reading: Haykin & Moher, Chapter 3.

Problems for Solution:
1. The output signal from an AM modulator is

s(t) = 5 cos(1800πt) + 20 cos(2000πt) + 5 cos(2200πt).
(a) Determine the percentage modulation.
(b) Determine the ratio of the power in the sidebands to the total power.
2. Below shows the circuit diagram of a square-law modulator for AM. The signal applied
to the nonlinear device is relatively weak, such that it can be represented by a square
law:
v2 (t) = a1 v1 (t) + a2 v12 (t)
where a1 and a2 are constants, v1 (t) is the input, and v2 (t) is the output. The input is
given by
v1 (t) = Ac cos(2πfc t) + m(t)
where m(t) is the message signal and Ac cos(2πfc t) is the carrier wave.
(a) Find the output v2 (t).
(b) Specify the frequency response that the tunned circuit in the diagram must satisfy
in order to generate an AM signal with fc as the carrier frequency.
(c) What is the amplitude sensivitity ka of this AM signal?
3. A DSB-SC signal is modulated by the message signal

m(t) = 2 cos(2000πt) + cos(6000πt).
The modulated signal is
s(t) = 100m(t) cos(2πfc t)
where fc = 1 MHz.
(a) Determine the Fourier transform S(f ) of s(t).
(b) Determine the average power of s(t).
4. Below shows the circuit diagram of a balanced modulator. The input to the top AM
modulator is m(t), whereas that applied to the lower AM modulator is −m(t); these
two modulators have the same amplitude sensitivity. Show that the output s(t) of the
balanced modulator represents a DSB-SC modulated signal.
5. Suppose that in the receiver of the quadrature-carrier multiplexing system discussed

in class the local carrier available for demodulation has a phase error ϕ with respect to
the carrier source used in the transmitter. Assuming a distortionless communication
channel between the transmitter and receiver, show that this phase error will cause
cross-talk to arise between the two demodulated signals at the receiver outputs. By
cross-talk we mean that a portion of one message signal appears at the receiver output
belonging to the other message signal, and vice versa.
6. Assume that a message signal is given by
m(t) = 2 cos(2πfm t) + cos(4πfm t).
(a) Calculate an expression for
Ac Ac
s(t) = m(t) cos(2πfc t) − m̂(t) sin(2πfc t)
2 2
where m̂(t) is the Hilbert of transform of m(t), fm ≪ fc , and Ac = 4.
(b) Find the Fourier transform S(f ) of s(t). Is this an upper-sideband SSB signal or
a lower-sideband SSB signal?
7. The single-tone modulating signal m(t) = Am cos(2πfm t) is used to generate the VSB
signal
1 1
s(t) = aAm Ac cos [2π(fc + fm )t] + Am Ac (1 − a) cos [2π(fc − fm )t]
2 2
where a is a constant, less than unity, representing the attention of the upper side
frequency.
2
(a) Find the quadrature component sQ (t) of the VSB signal s(t).
(b) The VSB signal, plus the carrier Ac cos(2πfc t), is passed through an envelope
detector. Let the output of the envelope detector be Ac [1 + km(t)] · d(t), where k
is some constant. Determine the distortion d(t) produced by the quadrature
q com-
ponent. (Hint: The output of the envelope detector is given by x2I (t) + x2Q (t)
when the input is xI (t) cos(2πfc t) − xQ (t) sin(2πfc t).)
(c) What is the value of the constant a for which this distortion reaches its worst
possible condition?
8. In this problem we study the idea of mixing in a superheterodyne receiver. To be

specific, consider the block diagram of the mixer discussed in class, that consists of a
product modulator with a local oscillator of variable frequency fl , followed by a band-
pass filter. The input signal is an AM wave of bandwidth 10 kHz and carrier frequency
that may lie anywhere in the range of 0.535 to 1.605 MHz; these parameters are typical
of AM radio broadcasting. It is required to translate this signal to a frequency band
centered at a fixed intermediate frequency (IF) of 0.455 MHz. Find the range of tuning
that must be provided in the local oscillator to achieve this requirement.
Homework Collaboration Policy: I allow and encourage discussion or collaboration on

the homework. However, you are expected to write up your own solution and understand
what you turn in. Late homework is subject to a penalty of 5% to 40% of your total points.

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EE 3640 Communication Systems I Chi-chao Chao

Homework Assignment No. 2

Reading: Haykin & Moher, Chapter 3.

1. The output signal from an AM modulator is

3. A DSB-SC signal is modulated by the message signal

5. Suppose that in the receiver of the quadrature-carrier multiplexing system discussed

8. In this problem we study the idea of mixing in a superheterodyne receiver. To be

Homework Collaboration Policy: I allow and encourage discussion or collaboration on

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