Documents - Pub Ahm 810 Iata Standard Ground Handling Agreement
Documents - Pub Ahm 810 Iata Standard Ground Handling Agreement
Documents - Pub Ahm 810 Iata Standard Ground Handling Agreement
SGHA 2013
2008
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
22
22 Definitions
Main Agreement
2008
Standard Ground Handling Agreement (SGHA),
Version 2013
between _________________________________________________
and ______________________________________________________
ARTICLE 6 REMUNERATION
ARTICLE 9 ARBITRATION
2008
SGHA 2013
Carrier’s behalf in matters concerning Article 4.
Rev. CO-ORDINATE means to collect and communicate
operational information to the respective parties
at the direction of the Carrier, or the Carrier’s
Representative, as required to perform the services
as contracted by the Carrier with Third Parties in
the respective Annex(es) B.
Rev. CARRIER’S AIRCRAFT means any aircraft owned, leased,
chartered, hired or operated or otherwise utilised
by or on behalf of the Carrier and in respect of
which the Carrier has either expressly or implicitly
contracted, instructed or otherwise requested the
Handling Company to perform or carry out any
ground handling service(s).
Rev. DEPARTURE CONTROL SYSTEM (DCS) means an auto
mated method of performing check-in, capacity
control, load control and dispatch of flights.
DIRECT LOSS means a loss arising naturally or directly
from an occurrence and which excludes remote,
indirect, consequential, or special losses or damag
es, such as loss of revenue or loss of profit.
ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI) means the com
puter-to-computer (application-to-application pro
gram processing) transmission of business data
in a standard format.
New ICAO means International Civil Aviation Organisation.
New IATA means International Air Transport Association.
2008
2008
SGHA 2013
• aircraft container
The purpose of the unit is to enable individual pieces of
cargo, baggage or mail to be assembled into a
standard-sized unit to facilitate rapid loading onto
and offloading from aircraft having compatible
handling and restraint systems which interface
directly with the unit.
2008
Article 1
Provision of Services
2008
The Carrier and the Handling Company shall ensure
that their respective personnel assigned to the per-
formance of this agreement are aware of all relevant
legislation applicable to commerce in general, air
craft operation, passenger transport and air freight.
SGHA 2013
2008
• Competition and antitrust regulations in its coun
try of residence, establishment as well as such
regulations with extraterritorial application.
• The rules governing bribery, kick-backs, secret
commissions and payments to government offi
cials in its country of residence, establishment as
well as such regulations with extraterritorial appli-
cation.
• Any other applicable law or regulation, whose
breach or violation by a Party or its employees
could cause damage to the other Party or its
employees.
2008
Rev.
1.3 Scheduled Flights
The Handling Company agrees to provide for
the Carrier’s Aircraft for flights operating on an
agreed schedule at the location(s) stated in the
Annex(es) B, those services of Annex A as are
listed in the Annex B for the respective locations.
The Carrier, in turn, agrees to inform the Handling
Company as soon as possible about any changes
of schedule and/or frequencies and/or types of air-
craft.
2008
SGHA 2013
2008
Rev. 1.7 Additional Services
As far as possible, the Handling Company will,
upon request, provide to the Carrier additional
services not set forth in the present Agreement.
Such services may be governed by special condi
tions to be agreed between the Parties.
Article 2
Fair Practises
Rev. 2.1 The Handling Company shall use its best efforts to
protect the Carrier’s confidential information and
make it available for the purposes of the Carrier
only.
2008
Article 3
Subcontracting of Services
Rev. 3.1 The Handling Company is entitled to delegate any
of the agreed services to subcontractors with the
Carrier’s prior written consent. It is understood
that, in this case, the Handling Company shall be
responsible to the Carrier for the proper rendering
of such services as if they had been performed by
the Handling Company itself. Any subcontracting
of services and the provider(s) thereof, shall be
recorded in the Annex(es) B.
Rev. 3.2 The Carrier shall not appoint any other person,
company or organisation to provide the services
which the Handling Company has agreed to provide
by virtue of this Agreement, except in such special
cases as shall be agreed between the Parties.
Article 4
Carrier’s Representation
Rev. 4.1 The Carrier may maintain at its own cost, its own
representative(s) at the location(s) designated in
the Annex(es) B. Such representative(s) and repre-
sentative(s) of the Carrier’s Head Office may
inspect the services provided to the Carrier by the
Handling Company pursuant to this Agreement,
advise and assist the Handling Company and ren
der to the Carrier’s clients such assistance as shall
not interfere with the provision of services by the
Handling Company.
4.2 The Carrier may, by prior written notice to the
Handling Company and at its own cost, engage
2008
Article 5
SGHA 2013
2008
Standard of Work
Rev.
5.1 The Handling Company shall carry out all technical
and flight operations services as well as other serv-
ices also having a safety aspect, for example, load
control, loading of aircraft and handling of danger
ous goods, in accordance with the Carrier’s instruc-
tions, receipt of which must be confirmed in writ
ing or by electronic confirmation to the Carrier by
the Handling Company.
In the case of absence of instructions by the
Carrier, the Handling Company shall follow its own
standard practices and procedures provided they
comply with the applicable IATA and/or ICAO
and/or other governing rules, regulations and pro
cedures.
Rev. 5.2 The Handling Company shall carry out all other serv-
ices in accordance with the Carrier’s procedures
and instructions. In the case of absence of instruc
tions by the Carrier, the Handling Company shall
follow its own standard practices and procedures
2008
2008
Rev. 5.10 In the provision of the services, the Parties agree to
SGHA 2013
2008
comply with any applicable data protection laws.
New 5.13
The Handling Company shall promote awareness
and strive to achieve best practices in Environmental
and Social Responsibility.
Article 6
Remuneration
2008
Article 7
Rev. Accounting and Payment
Rev. 7.2
Payment shall be effected through the IATA
Clearing House unless otherwise agreed in
Annex(es) B.
2008
Article 8
Liability and Indemnity
Rev.
8.1 Except as stated in Sub-Articles 8.5 and 8.6, the
Carrier shall not make any claim against the Hand
ling Company and shall indemnify it (subject as
hereinafter provided) against any legal liability
SGHA 2013
2008
for claims or suits, including costs and expenses
incidental thereto, in respect of:
(a) delay, injury or death of persons carried or to
be carried by the Carrier;
(b) injury or death of any employee of the Carrier;
(c) damage to or delay or loss of baggage, cargo
or mail carried or to be carried by the Carrier,
and
(d) damage to or loss of property owned or oper
ated by, or on behalf of, the Carrier and any
consequential loss or damage;
arising from an act or omission of the Handling
Company in the performance of this Agreement
unless done with intent to cause damage, death,
delay, injury or loss or recklessly and with the
knowledge that damage, death, delay, injury or
loss would probably result.
2008
Rev.
8.2 The Carrier shall not make any claim against the
Handling Company in respect of damage, death,
delay, injury or loss to third parties caused by the
operation of the Carrier’s Aircraft arising from an
act or omission of the Handling Company in the
performance of this Agreement unless done with
intent to cause damage, death, delay, injury or loss
or recklessly and with knowledge that damage,
death, delay, injury or loss would probably result.
8.3 (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of Sub-Article
8.1, in the case of claims arising out of surface
transportation which is provided on behalf
of the Carrier and is part of the operation of
loading/embarking or unloading/disembarking
and/or is covered by the Carrier’s Contract of
Carriage the indemnity shall not exceed the
limits specified in the said Contract of Carriage.
(b) In the case of claims arising out of surface
transportation which is not provided on behalf
of the Carrier and/or is not part of the operation
of loading/embarking or unloading/disembark
ing and/or is not covered by the Carrier’s
Contract of Carriage the waiver and indemnity
herein contained shall not apply.
2008
SGHA 2013
2008
8.5 Notwithstanding Sub-Article 8.1(d), the Handling
Company shall indemnify the Carrier against any
physical loss of or damage to the Carrier’s Aircraft
caused by the Handling Company’s negligent act
or omission provided always that the Handling
Company’s liability shall be limited to any such
loss of or damage to the Carrier’s Aircraft in an
amount not exceeding the level of deductible
under the Carrier’s Hull All Risk Policy which shall
not, in any event, exceed USD 1,500,000 except
that loss or damage in respect of any incident
below USD 3,000 shall not be indemnified.
2008
Article 9
Arbitration
9.1 In the event of any dispute or claim concerning the
scope, meaning, construction or effect of this
Agreement, the parties shall make all reasonable
efforts to resolve disputes amongst themselves.
Failing mutual resolution of the dispute, the parties
may elect to resolve the dispute through arbitra
tion (either by a single arbitrator or a panel of arbi-
trators). In the event that the parties fail to agree to
an arbitration process, the dispute shall be settled
in accordance with the laws of the state or jurisdic
tion set out in Annex(es) B, by the courts set out in
Annex(es) B without regard to principles of conflict
of laws.
Article 10
Stamp Duties, Registration Fees
2008
Article 11
Duration, Modification and Termination
SGHA 2013
2008
this Agreement.
11.2
Modification of, or additions to this Agreement
shall be recorded in Annex(es) B.
2008
Rev. 11.7
In the event of either Parties permit(s) or other
authorisation(s) to operate in the agreed loca
tion(s), wholly or in part, being revoked, cancelled,
or suspended, that Party shall notify the other
Party without delay. Thereafter either Party may
terminate the Agreement or the relevant Annex(es)
B at the effective date of such revocation, cancel
lation or suspension by giving to the other Party
notice within twenty-four hours after such event.
11.9
Both Parties shall be exempt from obligation if
prompt notification is given by either Party in
respect of any failure to perform its obligations
under this Agreement arising from any of the fol
lowing causes:
–labour disputes involving complete or partial
stoppage of work or delay in the performance of
work;
–force majeure or any other cause beyond the
control of either Party.
2008
Rev. 11.12
Notwithstanding Article 11.11, when changes
occur in the schedule, and/or frequencies and/or
types of aircraft, other than those set out in
Annex(es) B, which affect the handling costs, either
Party shall have the right to request an adjustment
to the handling charges as from the date of the
change provided that the Party informs the other
Party within thirty days of the change.
SGHA 2013
2008
New Article 12
Authorization to contract
Each party warrants that it has the right to enter into this
Agreement and that execution of this Agreement has been
signed by authorized representative(s) of each party.
at ___________________________ at ___________________________
by __________________________ by __________________________
2008
Table of contents
Rev. Section 1
Managing Functions
Rev. 1.1 Representation
1.2 Administrative Functions
1.3 Supervision and/or Co-ordination
1.4 Station Management
Section 2
Passenger Services
2.1 General
2.2 Departure
2.3 Arrival
2.5 2.4 Inter-modal Transportation by Rail, Road or Sea
Section 3
Ramp Services
3.1 Baggage Handling
3.2 Marshalling
3.3 Parking
New 3.4 Ancillary Items
3.5 Ramp to Flight Deck Communication
3.6 Loading and Unloading
3.8 3.7 Safety Measures
3.9 3.8 Moving of Aircraft
3.10 3.9 Exterior Cleaning
3.11 3.10 Interior Cleaning
3.12 3.11 Toilet Service
3.13 3.12 Water Service
3.14 3.13 Cabin Equipment
3.15 3.14 Storage of Cabin Material
3.16 3.15 Catering Ramp Handling
3.17 3.16 De-Icing/Anti-Icing Services and Snow/Ice Removal
2008
Section 4
Load Control, Communications and
Flight Operations
4.1 Load Control
4.2 Communications
4.3 Flight Operations
New 4.4 Crew Administration
Section 5
Cargo and Mail Warehouse Services
5.1 Cargo and Mail Handling – General
5.2 Customs Control
5.4 5.3 Documentation Handling
5.5 5.4 Physical Handling Outbound/Inbound
5.6 5.5 Transfer/Transit Cargo
5.7 5.6 Post Office Mail
SGHA 2013
Section 6
Support Services
6.1 Accommodation
6.2 Automation/Computer Systems
6.3 Unit Load Device (ULD) Control
6.4 Fuel Farm (Depot)
6.5 Ramp Fuelling/Defuelling Operations
6.6 Surface Transport
6.7 Catering Services – Liaison and Administration
Section 7
Security
7.1 Passenger and Baggage Screening and
Reconciliation
7.2 Cargo and Post Office Mail
7.3 Catering
Rev. 7.4 Ramp
7.5 Additional Security Services
Section 8
Aircraft Maintenance
8.1 Routine Services
8.2 Replenishing of Oils and Fluids
8.3 Non-routine Services
8.4 Material Handling
8.5 Parking and Hangar Space
2008
between ___________________________________________________
and _______________________________________________________
This Annex A
2008
Section 1
Managing Functions
Rev. 1.1 Representation
Rev. 1.1.1 (a) provide
(b) arrange for
1. guarantee
2. bond
to facilitate the Carrier’s activities.
1.1.2 Liaise with local authorities.
1.1.3 Indicate that the Handling Company is acting as
handling agent for the Carrier.
Rev. 1.1.4 Inform all interested Parties concerning schedules
of the Carrier’s aircraft.
SGHA 2013
1.2.2 Take action on communications addressed to the
Carrier.
1.2.3 Prepare, forward, file and retain for a period
specified in the Annex B, messages/reports/statis
tics/documents and perform other administrative
duties in the following areas. (a) station adminis
tration (b) passenger services (c) ramp services (d)
load control (e) flight operations (f) cargo services
(g) mail services (h) support services (i) security
(j) aircraft maintenance (k) other, as specified in
Annex B
Rev. 1.2.4 Maintain the Carrier’s manuals, circulars, and
other operational documents connected with the
performance of the services.
1.2.5 (a) Check
(b) Sign
(c) Forward
Rev. on behalf of the Carrier items including, but not
limited to, invoices, supply orders, handling charge
notes, work orders
Rev. 1.2.6 Effect payment, on behalf of the Carrier, including
but not limited to:
(a)
airport, customs, police and other charges
relating to the services performed.
(b)
out-of-pocket expenses, accommodation,
transport.
2008
2008
SGHA 2013
2008
Section 2
Passenger Services
2.1 General
2.1.1 Inform passengers and/or public about time of
arrival and/or departure of Carrier’s aircraft and
surface transport.
Rev. 2.1.2 Make arrangements for, transfer and transit pas
sengers and their baggage and inform them about
services available at the airport.
2.1.3 When requested by the Carrier,
(a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
special equipment, facilities and specially
trained personnel, for assistance to
(1) unaccompanied minors.
(2) persons with reduced mobility (PRMs).
(3) VIPs.
(4) transit without visa passengers (TWOVs).
(5) deportees.
(6) special medical transport
(7) others, as specified in Annex B.
Rev. 2.1.4 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
passenger assistance when flights are interrupted,
delayed or cancelled. Such assistance shall include:
New (1) Meal vouchers
(2) Rebooking
(3) Transportation
(4) Hotel accommodation
(5) Personnel
Rev. 2.1.5 Arrange storage of baggage in the bonded store
Rev. 2.1.6 (a) Notify the Carrier of complaints and claims
made by the Carrier’s passengers.
(b) Process such claims, as specified in Annex B.
2.1.8 2.1.7 Report to the Carrier any irregularities discovered
in passenger and baggage handling.
2008
SGHA 2013
2.2 Departure
2.2.1 Perform pre-flight editing
Rev. 2.2.2 Check and ensure that tickets are valid for the
flight(s). (The check shall not include the fare). At
the following locations:
(a) check-in area
(b) lounge
(c) transfer counter
(d) gate
(e) off -airport
(f) other as specified in Annex B
Rev. 2.2.3 (a) Check travel documents for the flight(s) concer
ned. In the event that the Handling Company
does not have access to information that ver
ifies visa validities the Handling Company will
not have liability. The Handling Company shall
not be liable for immigration fines in the event
of non-bona fide travel documents or other
events which are outside of their control.
(b) Enter passenger and/or travel document infor
mation into Carrier’s and/or government system.
New At the following locations:
(1) check-in area
(2) lounge
(3) transfer counter
(5) gate
2008
2008
SGHA 2013
from departing passengers
New At the following locations:
(a) check-in area
(b) lounge
(c) transfer counter
(d) gate
(e) other as specified in Annex B
Rev. 2.2.10 (a) Carry out the Carrier's seat allocation or selec
tion system
(b) Issue boarding pass(es)
(c) Detach applicable flight coupons for
1. initial flight.
2. subsequent flight(s). At the following locations:
(i) check-in area
(ii) lounge
(iii) transfer counter
(iv) gate
(v) off -airport
(vi) other as specified in Annex B
2.2.11 Handle
(a) Denied Boarding process
(b) Denied Boarding Compensation
2008
2008
2.3 Arrival
2.3.1 (a) Perform
or
(b) Arrange for
opening/closing aircraft passenger doors
2.3.2 Direct passengers
(a) from aircraft through controls
New (b) arriving from the airport, in case of off airport
services.
Rev. 2.3.3 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
(1) Transfer counter
(2) Connection services
(3) Baggage recheck
2.1.7 2.3.4 Handle lost, found and damaged property matters.
(a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
SGHA 2013
(1) acceptance of baggage irregularity reports
(2) entering of data into baggage tracing system
(3) maintaining baggage tracing system files for
period specified in Annex B
(4) making payments for incidental expenses
(5) delivery of delayed baggage to passengers
(6) handling of communications with passengers
(7) repair or replacement of damaged baggage
2008
Section 3
Ramp Services
3.1 Baggage Handling
Rev. 3.1.1 Handle baggage in
(a) baggage sorting area.
(b) other location(s) as specified in Annex B
Rev. 3.1.2 Prepare for delivery onto flights
(a) bulk baggage
(b) ULDs
(c) baggage accepted at a location as specified in
Annex B
3.1.3 Establish the number and/or weight of
(a) bulk baggage
(b) built – up ULDs
and provide the load control unit with the informa
tion
3.1.4 Offload
(a) bulk baggage
(b) ULDs.
3.1.5 Prioritise baggage delivery to claim area.
Rev. 3.1.6 Deliver to claim area
(a) baggage
(b) Out of Gauge (OGG)
3.1.7 Transfer baggage
(a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
(1) Sortation of transfer baggage.
(2) Storage of transfer baggage prior to dispatch
(storage time limits to be specified in Annex B).
(3) Transport of transfer baggage to the sorting
area of the receiving carrier.
3.1.8 Handle crew baggage.
3.2 Marshaling
3.2.1 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
marshaling at arrival and/or departure.
New 3.2.2 Operate automated guidance systems
3.3 Parking
3.3.1 (a) Provide
(b) Position and/or remove
wheelchocks.
SGHA 2013/ 2008/2004
Annex A 55
2008
3.4
3.3.3/3.4.1/ Ancillary Items
3.4.2/3.7.1
3.4.1 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
(c) Operate
(1) Ground power unit
(2) Fixed ground power
(3) Cooling unit
SGHA 2013
(4) Heating unit
(5) Air start unit
2008
2008
SGHA 2013
closed and locked.
2008
(g) ailerons
(1) upper surface
(2) lower surface
(h) engine nacelles and pylons
(i) fuselage
(1) upper surface
(2) lower surface
(j) horizontal stabiliser
(k) vertical stabiliser
(l) landing gear
(m) wheel well
2008
SGHA 2013
(b) ULDs
3.12 3.11 Toilet Service
3.12.1 3.11.1 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
(1) Servicing (empty, clean, flush and replenish
fluids).
(2) triturator/disposal service
2008
3.17
3.16 De-Icing/Anti-Icing Services and Snow/Ice
Removal
3.17.1 3.16.1 Remove snow from aircraft without using de-icing
fluid.
3.17.2 3.16.2 Perform “pre” de/anti-icing inspection and advise
flight crew or Carrier representative of results.
New 3.16.3 Perform clear ice check
3.17.3 3.16.4 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
(1) anti-icing units.
(2) de-icing units.
3.17.4 3.16.5 Provide de-icing/anti-icing fluids
3.17.5 3.16.6 Remove frost, ice and snow from aircraft using
de-icing fluid. Fluids to receive purity and contam
ination inspection prior to use.
3.17.6 3.16.7 Apply anti-icing fluid to aircraft.
3.17.7 3.16.8 Supervise performance of de-icing/anti-icing oper
ations.
3.17.8 3.16.9 Perform final inspection after de-icing/anti-icing
operations and inform flight crew of results.
New 3.16.10 Complete documentation as per Carrier’s instruc
tions
2008
Rev. Section 4
Load Control and Flight Operations
4.1 Load Control
Rev. 4.1.1 Deliver load control related documents between air-
craft and airport buildings and vice versa.
Rev. 4.1.2 (a) Process
(b) Sign
documents and information, including but not lim
ited to, loading instructions, load and trim sheets,
Captain’s load information and manifests where:
(1)
Load Control is performed by the Handling
Company
(2)
Handling Company is performing inputs/up-
dates when Load Control is performed by the
Carrier or third party
SGHA 2013
4.2 Communications
1.1.4 4.2.1 Inform all interested Parties concerning move
ments of the Carrier’s aircraft.
4.2.1 4.2.2 (a) Compile, receive, process and send all messag
es in connection with the services performed
by the Handling Company. The Handling
Company is authorized to use Carrier’s origina
tor code or double signature procedure
(b) Inform the Carrier’s representative of the con
tents of such messages
4.2.2 4.2.3 (a) Provide
(b) Operate
means of communication between the ground sta
tion and the Carrier’s aircraft.
2008
2008
4.9
4.4 Crew Administration
4.9.1
4.4.1 Distribute crew schedule information provided by
the Carrier to all parties concerned.
4.9.2 4.4.2 Arrange hotel accommodation for crew layover
(a) scheduled
(b) non-scheduled
4.9.3 4.4.3 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for crew transportation to/from off
airport locations
4.9.4 4.4.4 Direct crews through airport facilities
4.9.5 4.4.5 Liaise with
(a) crew layover hotel(s)
(b) crew transportation company on crew call and
pick-up timings
4.9.6 4.4.6 (a) Prepare crew allowance forms.
(b) Pay crew allowances.
4.9.7 4.4.7 Inform the Carrier representative of any crew
SGHA 2013
indisposition or potential absence.
2008
Rev. Section 5
Cargo and Mail Warehouse Services
5.1 Cargo and Mail Handling – General
5.1.1/5.1.2/ 5.1.1 (a) Provide
5.1.3 (b) Arrange
(1) warehouse and storage facility(ies)
(2) warehouse handling equipment
(3) warehouse handling services
(4) General cargo
(5) Special shipments
(6) Specialised cargo products
(7) Post office mail
(8) Diplomatic mail
(9) Diplomatic cargo
(10) Company cargo/material
5.1.4 5.1.2 (a) Issue
(b) Obtain
(c) Make available to Carrier
Receipt upon delivery of cargo
5.1.6 5.1.3 Take action to
(a) prevent theft or damage to the Carrier’s cargo
and mail in custody of the Handling Company
(b) prevent theft or unauthorised use of, or dam
age to the Carrier’s pallets, containers, nets,
straps, tie-down rings and other material in the
custody of the Handling Company. Notify the
Carrier immediately of any damage to or loss of
such items.
2008
SGHA 2013
shipper, endorsed with flight details.
(i) Check and/or enter data into Carrier’s and/or
government/customs system, as specified in
Annex B
(j) Receive and process EDI messages (FWB/FHL
and e-CSD) received from Carrier or other par
ties.
(k) Upon request from the Carrier print air waybill
copies in plain paper copy or IATA resolution
600A format.
(l) Provide and transmit EDI messages in
accordance with the standards of the Master
Operating Plan.
(m) Inform airline or shipper about shipment sta
tus via FSU message in accordance with the
Master Operating Plan.
5.4.2 5.3.2 (a) Notify consignee or agent of arrival of shipments
(b) Make available cargo documents available to
consignee or agent.
5.4.3 5.3.3 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
1. collection of “Charges Collect” as shown on
the airwaybill or shipment record
2. collection of other charges and fees as shown
on the airwaybill or shipment record
3. credit to consignees or agents
2008
2008
5.6
5.5 Transfer/Transit Cargo
5.6.1
5.5.1 Identify transfer/transit cargo.
5.6.2
5.5.2 Prepare transfer manifests for cargo to be trans
ported by another carrier.
5.6.3 5.5.3 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for transport to the receiving carrier’s
warehouse
(1) on airport,
(2) off airport
SGHA 2013
5.6.4 5.5.4 Accept/prepare
(a) transfer cargo
(b) transit cargo for onward carriage.
2008
5.7.9 5.6.6
Distribute incoming and/or outgoing post office mail
documents
5.3
5.7 Irregularities Handling
5.3.1
5.7.1 Take immediate action in respect of irregularities,
damage or mishandling of dangerous goods and
other special shipments.
5.3.2 5.7.2 Report to the Carrier any irregularities discovered
in
(a) cargo
(b) mail
5.3.3 5.7.3 Handle lost, found and damaged
(a) cargo
(b) mail
5.3.4 5.7.4 (a) Notify the Carrier of complaints and claims.
(b) Process claims.
5.3.5 5.7.5 Take action when consignee refuses acceptance
and payment.
2008
Section 6
Support Services
6.1 Accommodation
6.1.1 Provide the Carrier with
(a) office space
(b) storage space
(c) other facilities, as specified in Annex B
SGHA 2013
(3) other system
6.2.2 Perform the following functions in
(a) Carrier’s system
(b) Handling Company’s system
(c) other system for
1. Training.
2. Passenger reservations and sales
3. Passenger service
4. Baggage reconciliation.
5. Baggage tracing.
6. Operations, load control.
7. Cargo reservations and sales
8. Cargo handling
9. Cargo EDI messaging (IATA cargo-imp or IATA
cargo-xml)
10. Post office mail handling
11. Maintenance reporting
12. Other functions
6.2.3 Manage Automated Self Check-in device(s) and
(a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
(1) Stock control
(2) Stock replenishment
(3) Hosting
(4) Routine maintenance
(5) Servicing and repair
(6) Other, as specified in Annex B
SGHA 2013/ 2008/2004
70 Annex A
2008
2008
SGHA 2013
2008
Section 7
Security
7.1 Passenger and Baggage Screening and
Reconciliation
Rev. 7.1.1 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
(1) matching of passengers against established data
(2) security questioning
7.1.2 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
(1) screening of checked baggage.
(2) screening of transfer baggage.
(3) screening of mishandled baggage.
(4) physical examination of checked, transfer and
mishandled baggage.
(5) identification of security cleared baggage.
7.1.3 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
(1) screening of passengers.
(2) screening of cabin/unchecked baggage.
(3) physical examination of passengers and cabin/
unchecked baggage.
7.1.4 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
(1) identification of passengers prior to boarding.
(2) reconciliation of boarded passengers with their
baggage.
(3) positive baggage identification by passengers.
(4) offloading of baggage for passengers who fail
to board the aircraft.
2008
7.3 Catering
7.3.1 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
(1) control of access to the catering unit.
(2) security supervision during food preparation.
(3) security check of catering uplifts.
(4) sealing of food and/or bar trolleys/containers.
(5) physical examination of catering vehicles prior
to loading.
New (6) sealing of catering vehicles
7.4 Ramp
7.4.1 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for control of access to
(1) aircraft.
(2) designated areas.
7.4.2 (a) Provide
SGHA 2013
(b) Arrange for
1. searching of
2. guarding of
3. sealing of
(i) aircraft
(ii) designated
(iii) baggage in the baggage make-up area
7.4.3 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
security personnel
(1) to safeguard all Loads during the transport
between aircraft and designated locations.
(2) during offloading and loading of aircraft.
2008
Section 8
Aircraft Maintenance
8.1 Routine Services
Rev. 8.1.1 Maintain the Carrier’s technical manuals, hand
books, catalogues, and other operational docu
ments connected with performance of the services
as specified in Annex B.
8.1.2 Perform line inspection in accordance with
Carrier’s current instructions.
8.1.3 Enter in the aircraft log(s) and sign for the perfor
mance of line inspection.
8.1.4 Enter remarks in aircraft log(s) regarding defects
observed during the inspection.
8.1.5 Provide personnel to assist the flight crew or ground
staff in the performance of their tasks.
2008
Rev.
8.3.4 (a) Provide
(b) Arrange for
maintenance facilities, tools and special equipment
to the extent available.
8.3.5 Move aircraft under its own power
SGHA 2013
(b) Arrange for
(1) parking space.
(2) hangar space.
2008
between _______________________________________________
and _______________________________________________________
2008
SGHA 2013
load is not involved.
1.3 Handling in case of return to ramp will not be
charged extra, provided that a physical change of
load is not involved.
1.4 Handling in case of return to ramp involving a
physical change of load will be charged as for
handling in case of technical landing in accordance
with Sub-Paragraph 1.2 of this Annex.
Paragraph 3. Disbursements
3.1 Any disbursements made by the Handling Com-
pany on behalf of the Carrier will be reimbursed
by the Carrier at cost price plus an accounting
surcharge of _____ %.
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
SGHA 2013/ 2008/2004
78 Annex B
2008
Paragraph 7. Payment
7.1
Notwithstanding Sub-Article 7.2 of the Main
Agreement, payment of account
shall be effected ____________________________
2008
SGHA 2013
9.3.1 Notwithstanding Sub-Paragraph 9.1.1 of this Annex
B, this Annex B may be terminated on the following
terms _________.
To Carrier:
Carrier ____________________________________________________
Street ____________________________________________________
Telephone ________________________________________________
Fax _______________________________________________________
E-mail ____________________________________________________
Attn ____________________________________________________
SGHA 2013/ 2008/2004
80 Annex B
2008
To Handling Company:
Street ___________________________________________________
Telephone ________________________________________________
Fax ________________________________________________________
E-mail ___________________________________________________
Attn _____________________________________________________
11.2
In accordance with Article 9 of the Main
Agreement, courts for the resolution of disputes
shall be the Courts of _________.
at ___________________________ at ___________________________
by __________________________ by _________________________
2008
between ______________________________________________
SGHA 2013
and _______________________________________________________
Preamble:
This Annex B is prepared in accordance with the simpli
fied procedure whereby the Parties agree that the terms of
the Main Agreement and Annex A of the SGHA of January
2013 as published by the International Air Transport
Association shall apply to this Annex B as if such terms
were repeated here in full. By signing this Annex B, the
Parties confirm that they are familiar with the aforemen
tioned Main Agreement and Annex A.
SGHA 2013/ 2008/2004
82 Annex B
2008
Paragraph 3. Disbursements
3.1 Any disbursements made by the Handling Com-
pany on behalf of the Carrier will be reimbursed
by the Carrier at cost price plus an accounting
surcharge of _____ %.
________________________ ________________________
________________________ ________________________
SGHA 2013/ 2008/2004
Annex B 83
2008
SGHA 2013
New With reference to Sub-Article 7.3, the Parties estab
lish the following payment terms:
New Handling Company will send invoices to (insert
email/physical address).
Notwithstanding Sub-Article 7.1 of the Main Agree-
ment, the Handling Company shall submit invoices
to the Carrier and the Carrier shall pay the Handling
Company within ______ days of the invoice.
New In the event the Carrier disputes any charge or fee
set forth in any invoice, Carrier shall pay the undis
puted portion and notify the Handling Company
of the discrepancy in billing. Both parties shall
then seek in good faith to resolve the disputed
amount(s). Upon the resolution of any disputed
amount the Carrier shall promptly pay the balance
due to the Handling Company.
2008
To Carrier:
Carrier ____________________________________________________
Street ____________________________________________________
Telephone ________________________________________________
Fax _______________________________________________________
E-mail ___________________________________________________
Attn _____________________________________________________
SGHA 2013/ 2008/2004
Annex B 85
2008
To Handling Company:
Street ____________________________________________________
Telephone ________________________________________________
Fax ________________________________________________________
E-mail ___________________________________________________
Attn _____________________________________________________
SGHA 2013
Paragraph 11. Governing Law
11.1
In accordance with Article 9 of the Main
Agreement, this Annex B shall be governed by
and interpreted in accordance with the laws
of _________.
at ___________________________ at ___________________________
by __________________________ by _________________________
WWW.SWISSPORT.COM
Standard Ground Handling Agreement (SGHA),
Version 2008
Definitions 88
Main Agreement 92
SGHA 2008
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
88 Definitions
between ____________________________________________________
and _________________________________________________________
ARTICLE 6 REMUNERATION
ARTICLE 9 ARBITRATION
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
Definitions 89
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
90 Definitions
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
Definitions 91
SGHA 2008
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
92 Main Agreement
Article 1
Provision of Services
1.1 General
The services will be made available within the lim
its of possibilities of the Handling Company and in
accordance with the applicable IATA and/or ICAO
and/or other governing rules, regulations and pro
cedures.
It is not considered necessary or possible to speci-
fy every detail of the services it being generally
understood what such services comprise and the
standards to be attained in their performance.
1.2 Documents for Ground Handling
Documents used for ground handling will be the
Handling Company’s own documents, where appli-
cable, provided these documents comply with
standardised formats that may apply under IATA
and/or ICAO and/or other governing rules, regula
tions and procedures.
1.3 Scheduled Flights
The Handling Company agrees to provide for the
Carrier’s Aircraft for flights operating on an agreed
schedule at the location(s) mentioned in the
Annex(es) B, those services of Annex A as are list-
ed in the Annex B for the respective locations. The
Carrier, in turn, agrees to inform the Handling
Company as soon as possible about any changes
of schedule and/or frequencies and/or types of air-
craft.
1.5 Priority
In case of multiple handling, priority shall, as far as
possible, be given to aircraft operating on sched
ule.
1.6 Emergency Assistance
It is the responsibility of the Handling Company to
participate in local emergency response plan(s) in
order to provide support to the Carrier in event of
an emergency including but not limited to, forced
landings, accidents or acts of violence. Carrier will
contact the Handling Company to establish the car-
rier’s needs in an emergency and provide the
Handling Company its current emergency proce
dures. In the absence of Carrier instructions , in
part or whole, the Handling Company shall follow
its own emergency response plan(s)
Article 2
Fair Practises
Article 3
Subcontracting of Services
3.1 The Handling Company is entitled to delegate any
of the agreed services to subcontractors with the
Carrier’s consent, which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld. It is understood that, in
this case, the Handling Company shall neverthe
less be responsible to the Carrier for the proper
rendering of such services as if they had been per
formed by the Handling Company itself. Any sub
contracting of services and the provider(s) thereof,
will be recorded in the Annex(es) B.
3.2 The Carrier shall not appoint any other person, com
pany or organisation to provide the services which
the Handling Company has agreed to provide by
virtue of this Agreement, except in such special
Article 4
Carrier‘s Representation
4.1 The Carrier may maintain at its own cost, its own
representative(s) at the location(s) designated in
the Annex(es) B. Such representative(s) and repre-
sentative(s) of the Carrier‘s Head Office may
inspect the services furnished to the Carrier by the
Handling Company pursuant to this Agreement,
advise and assist the Handling Company and ren
der to the Carrier‘s clients such assistance as shall
not interfere with the furnishing of services by the
Handling Company.
4.2 The Carrier may, by prior written notice to the
Handling Company and at its own cost, engage an
organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the
Supervisor”) to supervise the services of the
Handling Company at the location(s) designated in
Annex(es) B. Such notice shall contain a descrip
tion of the services to be supervised.
The Supervisor shall have the same authority as
defined above in Sub-Article 4.1 for the Carrier‘s
SGHA 2008
own representative.
Article 5
Standard of Work
5.12
The handling Company Shall be able to demo-
strate a Safety management System in use follow
ing IATA AHM610 and/or ICAO, local and interna
tional regulations, or other governing rules.
Article 6
Remuneration
Article 7
Accounting and Settlement
Article 8
Liability and Indemnity
arising from an act or omission of the Handling
Company in the performance of this Agreement
unless done with intent to cause damage, death,
delay, injury or loss or recklessly and with the
knowledge that damage, death, delay, injury or
loss would probably result.
8.2 The Carrier shall not make any claim against the
Handling Company in respect of damage, death,
delay, injury or loss to third parties caused by the
operation of the Carrier’s aircraft arising from an
act or omission of the Handling Company in the
performance of this Agreement unless done with
intent to cause damage, death, delay, injury or loss
or recklessly and with knowledge that damage,
death, delay, injury or loss would probably result.
8.3 (a) notwithstanding the provisions of Sub-Article
8.1, in the case of claims arising out of surface
transportation which is provided on behalf of
the Carrier and is part of the operation of load-
ing /embarking or unloading /disembarking
and/or is covered by the Carrier’s Contract of
Carriage the indemnity shall not exceed the
limits specified in the said Contract of Carriage.
(b)
in the case of claims arising out of surface
transportation which is not provided on behalf
of the Carrier and/or is not part of the operation
of loading/embarking or unloading/disembark
ing and/or is not covered by the Carrier’s
Contract of Carriage the waiver and indemnity
herein contained shall not apply.
Article 9
Arbitration
9.1 In the event of any dispute or claim concerning the
scope, meaning, construction or effect of this
Agreement, the parties shall make all reasonable
efforts to resolve disputes amongst themselves.
Failing mutual resolution of the dispute, the parties
may elect to resolve the dispute through arbitra
tion (either by a single arbitrator or a panel of arbi-
trators). In the event that the parties fail to agree to
an arbitration process, the dispute shall be settled
in accordance with the laws of the state or jurisdic
tion set out in Annex(es)B, by the courts set out in
Annex(es)B without regard to principles of conflict
of laws.
SGHA 2013/ 2008/2004
Main Agreement 103
Article 10
Stamp Duties, Registration Fees
Article 11
Duration, Modification and Termination
11.2
Modification of, or additions to this Agreement
SGHA 2008
11.7
In the event of the Carrier’s or the Handling
Company’s permit(s) or other authorisation(s) to
conduct its air transportation services, or to furnish
the services provided for in the Annex(es) B, whol-
ly or in part, being revoked, cancelled, or suspend
ed, that Party shall notify the other Party without
delay and either Party may terminate the
Agreement or the relevant Annex(es) B at the effec-
tive date of such revocation, cancellation or sus
pension by giving to the other Party notice thereof
within twenty-four hours after such event.
11.9
Both Parties shall be exempt from obligation if
prompt notification is given by either Party in
respect of any failure to perform its obligations
under this Agreement arising from any of the fol
lowing causes;
–labour disputes involving complete or partial
stoppage of work or delay in the performance of
work;
–force majeure or any other cause beyond the
control of either Party.
11.12
Notwithstanding Article 11.11, when changes
occur in the schedule, and/or frequencies and/or
types of aircraft, other than those set out in
Annex(es) B, which affect the handling costs, either
Party shall have the right to request an adjustment
to the handling charges as from the date of the
change provided that the Party concerned informs
the other Party within thirty days of the change.
SGHA 2008
Table of contents
Section 1
Representation, Administration and Supervision
1.1 General
1.2 Administrative Functions
1.3 Supervision and/or Co-ordination of Services
Contracted by the Carrier with Third Party(ies)
1.4 Station Management
Section 2
Passenger Services
2.1 General
2.2 Departure
2.3 Arrival
2.4 Remote/Off Airport Services
2.5 Inter-model Transportation by Rail, Road or Sea
Section 3
Ramp Services
3.1 Baggage Handling
3.2 Marshalling
3.3 Parking
3.4 Cooling and Heating
3.5 Ramp to Flight Deck Communication
3.6 Loading and Unloading
3.7 Starting
3.8 Safety Measures
3.9 Moving of Aircraft
3.10 Exterior Cleaning
3.11 Interior Cleaning
3.12 Toilet Service
3.13 Water Service
3.14 Cabin Equipment
3.15 Storage of Cabin Material
3.16 Catering Ramp Handling
3.17 De-Icing/Anti-Icing Services and Snow/Ice
Removal
Section 4
Load Control, Communications and
Flight Operations
4.1 Load Control
4.2 Communications
4.3 Flight Operations – General
4.4 Flight Operations – Flight Preparations at the
Airport of Departure
4.5 Flight Operations – Flight Preparations at a Point
Different from the Airport of Departure
4.6 Flight Operations – En-route Flight Assistance
4.7 Flight Operations – Post-flight Activities
4.8 Flight Operations – En-route Re-despatch
4.9 Flight Operations – Crew Administration
Section 5
Cargo and Mail Services
5.1 Cargo and Mail Handling – General
5.2 Customs Control
5.3 Irregularities Handling
5.4 Document Handling
5.5 Physical Handling Outbound/Inbound
5.6 Transfer/ Transit Cargo
5.7 Post Office Mail
Section 6
Support Services
6.1 Accommodation
SGHA 2008
Section 7
Security
7.1 Passenger and Baggage Screening and
Reconciliation
7.2 Cargo and Post Office Mail
7.3 Catering
7.4 Aircraft
7.5 Additional Security Services
Section 8
Aircraft Maintenance
8.1 Routine Services
8.2 Replenishing of Oils and Fluids
8.3 Non-routine Services
8.4 Material Handling
8.5 Parking and Hangar Space
Section 1
Representation, Administration and
Supervision
1.1 General
1.1.1 (a) provide
or
(b) arrange for
guarantee or bond to facilitate the Carrier’s
activities.
1.1.2 Liaise with local authorities.
1.1.3 Indicate that the Handling Company is acting as
handling agent for the Carrier.
1.1.4 Inform all interested Parties concerning move
ments of the Carrier’s aircraft.
Annex B
1.2.4 Maintain the Carrier’s manuals, circulars, and other
relevant operational documents connected with
the performance of the services.
1.2.5 (a) Check
(b) Sign
(c) Forward
on behalf of the Carrier invoices, supply orders,
handling charge notes, work orders
1.2.6 Effect payment, on behalf of the Carrier, including
but not limited to:
(a)
airport, customs, police and other charges
relating to the services performed.
(b) cost for provisions of bond guarantee.
(c) out-of-pocket expenses, accommodation,
transport.
SGHA 2008
Section 2
Passenger Services
2.1 General
2.1.1 Inform passengers and/or public about time of
arrival and/or departure of Carrier‘s aircraft and
surface transport.
2.1.2 Make arrangements for stopover, transfer and tran-
sit passengers and their baggage and inform them
about services available at the airport.
2.1.3 When requested by the Carrier,
(a) provide
or
(b) arrange for
special equipment, facilities and specially
trained personnel, for assistance to
(1) unaccompanied minors.
(2) persons with reduced mobility (PRMs).
(3) VIPs.
(4) transit without visa passengers (TWOVs).
(5) deportees.
(6) special medical transport
(7) others, as specified in Annex B.
2.1.4 Assist passengers when flights are interrupted,
delayed or cancelled.
2.1.5 If applicable, arrange storage of baggage in the
Customs’ bonded store (any fees to be paid by the
passenger).
2.1.6 (a) Notify the Carrier of complaints and claims
made by the Carrier’s passengers.
(b) Process such claims
2.1.7 Handle lost, found and damaged property matters.
(a) accept baggage irregularity reports
(b) enter data into baggage tracing system
(c) maintain baggage tracing system files for peri
od specified in Annex B
(d) make payments for incidental expenses
(e) arrange for delivery of delayed baggage to pas
sengers
(f) handle communications with passengers
2.1.8 Report to the Carrier any irregularities discovered
in passenger and baggage handling.
2.3 Arrival
2.3.1 (a) perform
or
(b) arrange for
opening/closing aircraft passenger doors
2.3.2 Direct passengers from aircraft through controls.
2.3.3 (a) provide for
or
(b) arrange for
(1) Transfer desk/connection services
(2) Baggage recheck
Section 3
Ramp Services
3.1 Baggage Handling
3.1.1 Handle baggage in the baggage sorting area.
3.1.2 Prepare for delivery onto flights
(a) bulk baggage
(b) ULDs
3.1.3 Establish the number and/or weight of
(a) bulk baggage
(b) built - up ULDs
and provide the load control unit with the informa
tion
3.1.4 Offload
(a) bulk baggage
(b) ULDs.
3.1.5 Prioritise baggage delivery to claim area.
3.1.6 Deliver to claim area
(a) baggage
(b) oversize baggage
3.1.7 Transfer baggage
(a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) Sortation of transfer baggage.
(2) Storage of transfer baggage prior to despatch
(storage time limits to be specified in Annex B).
(3) transport of transfer baggage to the sorting
area of the receiving carrier.
3.1.8 Handle crew baggage.
3.2 Marshalling
3.2.1 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
marshalling at arrival and/or departure.
3.3 Parking
3.3.1 (a) Provide
(b) Position and/or remove
wheelchocks.
3.7 Starting
3.7.1 (a) Provide or
(b) Arrange for
(c) Operate
air start unit.
SGHA 2008
Section 4
Load Control, Communications and
Flight Operations
4.1 Load Control
4.1.1 Convey and deliver flight documents between the
aircraft and appropriate airport buildings.
4.1.2 (a) Prepare
(b) Sign
(c) Distribute
(d) Clear/process
(e) File
documents, including but not limited to, loading
instructions, loadsheets, weight and balance
charts, Captain’s load information and manifests
where:
(1) Load Control is performed by the Handling
Company
(2) Load Control is performed by the Carrier
(3) Load Control is performed by a third party
4.2 Communications
4.2.1 (a) Compile
(b) Receive, process and send
all messages in connection with the services per-
formed by the Handling Company, using the
Carrier’s originator code or double signature pro
cedure
(c) perform EDI (electronic data interchange) trans-
actions
(d) Inform the Carrier’s representative of the con
tents of such messages.
4.2.2 (a) Provide
(b) Operate
means of communication between the ground sta
tion and the Carrier’s aircraft.
4.3.2
After consideration of the Carrier’s instructions,
suggest the appropriate action to pilot-in-
command in case of operational irregularities, tak-
ing into account the meteorological conditions, the
ground services and facilities available, aircraft
servicing, possibilities and the overall operational
requirements.
SGHA 2008
Section 5
Cargo and Mail Services
5.1 Cargo and Mail Handling – General
5.1.1 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange
warehouse handling and storage facilities for
(1) General Cargo
(2) Special Shipments
(3) Specialised Cargo Products
(4) Mail
(c) store cargo
(d) take appropriate action to prevent theft of, or
damage to cargo and/or mail
5.1.2 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
equipment for the handling of
(1) General Cargo
(2) Special Shipments
(3) Specialised Cargo Products
(4) Mail
5.1.3 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
handling services for:
(1) General Cargo
(2) Special shipments
(3) Specialised Cargo Products
(4) Mail
(5) Diplomatic Mail
(6) Diplomatic Cargo
(7) Company cargo/material
5.1.4 (a) Issue
(b) Obtain
Receipt upon delivery of cargo
5.1.5 Monitor cargo delivery
5.1.6 Take action to prevent theft or unauthorised use of,
or damage to the Carrier’s pallets, containers, nets,
straps, tie-down rings and other material in the
custody of the Handling Company. Notify the
Carrier immediately of any damage to or loss of
such items.
Section 6
Support Services
6.1 Accommodation
6.1.1 Provide facilities for the Carrier’s representative(s).
(a) office space
(b) storage space
(c) other facilities
Section 7
Security
7.1 Passenger and Baggage Screening and
Reconciliation
7.1.1 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) matching of passengers against established
profiles
(2) security questioning
7.1.2 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) screening of checked baggage.
(2) screening of transfer baggage.
(3) screening of mishandled baggage.
(4) physical examination of checked, transfer and
mishandled baggage
(5) identification of security cleared baggage.
7.1.3 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) screening of passengers.
(2) screening of cabin/unchecked baggage.
(3) physical examination of passengers and
cabin/unchecked baggage
7.1.4 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) identification of passengers prior to boarding.
(2) reconciliation of boarded passengers with their
baggage.
(3) positive baggage identification by passengers
(4) offloading of baggage for passengers who fail
to board the aircraft.
7.3 Catering
7.3.1 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) control of access to the catering unit.
(2) security supervision during food preparation.
(3) security check of catering uplifts.
(4) sealing of food and/or bar trolleys/containers.
(5) physical examination of catering vehicles prior
to loading.
7.4 Aircraft
7.4.1 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
control of access to
SGHA 2008
(1) aircraft.
(2) designated areas.
7.4.2 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) search of aircraft.
(2) guarding of aircraft.
(3) guarding of designated areas.
(4) security of baggage in the baggage make-up
area.
(5) sealing of aircraft.
Section 8
Aircraft Maintenance
8.1 Routine Services
8.1.1 Maintain the Carrier’s technical manuals, hand-
books, catalogues.
8.1.2 Perform line inspection in accordance with
Carrier’s current instructions
8.1.3 Enter in the aircraft log and sign for the perform
ance of line inspection
8.1.4 Enter remarks in aircraft log regarding defects
observed during the inspection.
8.1.5 Provide personnel to assist the flight crew or ground
staff in the performance of their tasks.
at ______________________________ at _____________________________
by _____________________________ by ____________________________
between _____________________________________________________
and ______________________________________________________________
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
142 Annex B
Paragraph 3. Disbursements
3.1 Any disbursements made by the Handling Company on
behalf of the Carrier will be reimbursed by the Carrier at
cost price plus an accounting surcharge of _____ %.
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
Annex B 143
Paragraph 7. Settlement
7.1 Notwithstanding Sub-Article 7.2 of the Main Agreement,
settlement of account
shall be effected ____________________________
9.1 Duration
9.1.1 Notwithstanding Sub-Article 11.4 and 11.5 of the Main
Agreement _________
9.1.2 Notwithstanding Sub-Article 11.11 of the Main Agree
ment the rates contained in Paragraph 1 shall be
____________
9.2 Modification
9.2.1 Any modification to this Annex B shall be made by a
written amendment signed by both Parties.
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
144 Annex B
9.3 Termination
9.3.1 Notwithstanding Sub-Paragraph 9.1.1 of this Annex B,
this Annex B may be terminated on the following terms
__________________
The number of these clauses can be extended as far as
necessary.
To Carrier:
Carrier ___________________________________________________________
Street ___________________________________________________________
Telephone _______________________________________________________
Fax ______________________________________________________________
E-mail __________________________________________________________
Attn ____________________________________________________________
To Handling Company:
Street ___________________________________________________________
Telephone _______________________________________________________
Fax _______________________________________________________________
E-mail __________________________________________________________
Attn ____________________________________________________________
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
Annex B 145
by _____________________________ by ____________________________
SGHA 2008
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
146 Annex B
between _____________________________________________________
and ______________________________________________________________
Preamble:
This Annex B is prepared in accordance with the simplified pro
cedure whereby the Parties agree that the terms of the Main
Agreement and Annex A of the SGHA of January 2008 as pub
lished by the International Air Transport Association shall apply
to this Annex B as if such terms were repeated here in full. By
signing this Annex B, the Parties confirm that they are familiar
with the aforementioned Main Agreement and Annex A.
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
Annex B 147
Paragraph 3. Disbursements
3.1 Any disbursements made by the Handling Company on
behalf of the Carrier will be reimbursed by the Carrier at
cost price plus an accounting surcharge of _____ %.
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
148 Annex B
Paragraph 7. Settlement
7.1 Notwithstanding Sub-Article 7.2 of the Main Agreement,
settlement of account
shall be effected ____________________________
9.1 Duration
9.1.1 Notwithstanding Sub-Article 11.4 and 11.5 of the Main
Agreement ____________________________
9.1.2 Notwithstanding Sub-Article 11.11 of the Main Agree
ment the rates contained in Paragraph 1 shall be
____________________________
9.2 Modification
9.2.1 Any modification to this Annex B shall be made by a
written amendment signed by both Parties.
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
Annex B 149
9.3 Termination
9.3.1 Notwithstanding Sub-Paragraph 9.1.1 of this Annex B,
this Annex B may be terminated on the following terms
____________________________
The number of these clauses can be extended as far as
necessary.
To Carrier:
Carrier ___________________________________________________________
Street ___________________________________________________________
Telephone _______________________________________________________
Fax ______________________________________________________________
E-mail __________________________________________________________
Attn ____________________________________________________________
SGHA 2008
To Handling Company:
Street ___________________________________________________________
Telephone _______________________________________________________
Fax _______________________________________________________________
E-mail __________________________________________________________
Attn ____________________________________________________________
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
150 Annex B
at ______________________________ at _____________________________
by _____________________________ by ____________________________
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
Annex B 151
between _____________________________________________________
and ______________________________________________________________
This Annex B
for the location(s) ________________________________________________
Preamble:
This Annex B is prepared in accordance with the simplified pro
cedure whereby the Parties agree that the terms of the Main
Agreement and Annex A of the SGHA of January 2008 as pub
lished by the International Air Transport Association shall apply
to this Annex B as if such terms were repeated here in full. By
signing this Annex B, the Parties confirm that they are familiar
with the aforementioned Main Agreement and Annex A.
1.2 No extra charge will be made for providing the services
at night or on legal holidays.
Paragraph 3. Disbursements
3.1 Any Disbursements made by the Handling Company on
behalf of the Carrier will be reimbursed by the Carrier at
cost price plus an accounting surcharge of ____%.
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
Annex B 153
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
Paragraph 6. Settlement
6.1 Notwithstanding Sub-Article 7.2 of the main Agreement,
settlement of account shall be effected monthly with
copy to following address:
___________________________________________________________
SGHA 2008
7.1 Duration
7.1.1 Notwithstanding Sub-Article 11.4 and 11.5 of the Main
Agreement ____________________________
7.1.2
Notwithstanding Sub-Article 11.11 of the Main
Agreement the rates contained in Paragraph 1 shall be
____________________________
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
154 Annex B
7.2 Modification
7.2.1 Any modification to this Annex B shall be made by a
written amendment signed by both Parties.
7.3 Termination
7.3.1 Notwithstanding Sub-Paragraph 7.1.1 of this Annex B,
this Annex B may be terminated on the following terms
____________________________
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
Annex B 155
9.2 It is the responsibility of the Carrier to ensure that the lat-
est and valid revisions of technical documentation
and/or check sheets are available to the Handling
Company in order to fulfill the technical services agreed
in the contract at the location(s) concerned.
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
156 Annex B
To Carrier:
Carrier ___________________________________________________________
Street ___________________________________________________________
Telephone _______________________________________________________
Fax ______________________________________________________________
E-mail __________________________________________________________
Attn ____________________________________________________________
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
Annex B 157
To Handling Company:
Street ___________________________________________________________
Telephone _______________________________________________________
Fax _______________________________________________________________
E-mail __________________________________________________________
Attn ____________________________________________________________
at ______________________________ at _____________________________
by _____________________________ by ____________________________
SGHA 2008
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
LEADING AIRPORT
AND AVIATION
SERVICE PROVIDER
IN TERMS OF
SAFETY
WWW.SWISSPORT.COM
Standard Ground Handling Agreement (SGHA),
Version 2004
Definitions 160
Main Agreement 162
SGHA 2004
SGHA 2013/2008/2004
160 Definitions
Article 1
Provision of Services
1.1 General
The services will be made available within the lim
its of possibilities of the Handling Company and in
accordance with the applicable IATA and/or ICAO
and/or other governing rules, regulations and pro-
cedures.
It is not considered necessary or possible to spec
ify every detail of the services it being generally
understood what such services comprise and the
standards to be attained in their performance.
1.2 Documents for Ground Handling
Documents used for ground handling will be the
Handling Company’s own documents, where
applicable, provided these documents comply
with standardised formats that may apply under
IATA and/or ICAO and/or other governing rules,
regulations and procedures.
1.3 Scheduled Flights
The Handling Company agrees to provide for the
Carrier’s Aircraft for flights operating on an agreed
schedule at the location(s) mentioned in the
Annex(es) B, those services of Annex A as are list-
ed in the Annex B for the respective locations. The
Carrier, in turn, agrees to inform the Handling
Company as soon as possible about any changes
of schedule and/or frequencies and/or types of air-
craft.
Article 2
Fair Practises
Article 3
Subcontracting of Services
3.1 The Handling Company is entitled to delegate any
of the agreed services to subcontractors with the
Carrier’s consent, which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld. It is understood that, in
this case, the Handling Company shall neverthe
less be responsible to the Carrier for the proper
rendering of such services as if they had been per
formed by the Handling Company itself. Any sub
contracting of services and the provider(s) thereof,
will be recorded in the Annex(es) B.
3.2 The Carrier shall not appoint any other person, com
pany or organisation to provide the services which
the Handling Company has agreed to provide by
virtue of this Agreement, except in such special
cases as shall be mutually agreed between the
Parties.
Article 4
Carrier‘s Representation
4.1 The Carrier may maintain at its own cost, its own
representative(s) at the location(s) designated in
the Annex(es) B. Such representative(s) and repre-
sentative(s) of the Carrier‘s Head Office may
inspect the services furnished to the Carrier by the
Handling Company pursuant to this Agreement,
advise and assist the Handling Company and ren
der to the Carrier‘s clients such assistance as shall
not interfere with the furnishing of services by the
Handling Company.
4.2 The Carrier may, by prior written notice to the
Handling Company and at its own cost, engage an
organisation (hereinafter referred to as “the
Supervisor”) to supervise the services of the
Handling Company at the location(s) designated in
Annex(es) B. Such notice shall contain a descrip
tion of the services to be supervised.
Article 5
Standard of Work
Article 6
Remuneration
Article 7
Accounting and Settlement
Article 8
Liability and Indemnity
8.2 The Carrier shall not make any claim against the
Handling Company in respect of damage, death,
delay, injury or loss to third parties caused by the
operation of the Carrier’s aircraft arising from an
act or omission of the Handling Company in the
performance of this Agreement unless done with
intent to cause damage, death, delay, injury or loss
or recklessly and with knowledge that damage,
death, delay, injury or loss would probably result.
8.3 (a) notwithstanding the provisions of Sub-Article
8.1, in the case of claims arising out of surface
transportation which is provided on behalf of
the Carrier and is part of the operation of load-
ing /embarking or unloading /disembarking
and/or is covered by the Carrier’s Contract of
Carriage the indemnity shall not exceed the
limits specified in the said Contract of Carriage.
(b)
in the case of claims arising out of surface
transportation which is not provided on behalf
of the Carrier and/or is not part of the operation
of loading /embarking or unload-
ing/disembarking and/or is not covered by the
SGHA 2004
Article 9
Arbitration
In the event of any dispute or claim concerning the
scope, meaning, construction or effect of this
Agreement, the parties shall make all reasonable
efforts to resolve disputes amongst themselves.
Failing mutual resolution of the dispute, the parties
may elect to resolve the dispute through arbitra
tion (either by a single arbitrator or a panel of arbi-
trators). In the event that the parties fail to agree to
an arbitration process, the dispute shall be settled
in accordance with the laws of the state or jurisdic
tion set out in Annex(es)B, by the courts set out in
Annex(es)B without regard to principles of conflict
of laws.
Article 10
Stamp Duties, Registration Fees
Article 11
Duration, Modification and Termination
11.2
Modification of, or additions to this Agreement
shall be recorded in Annex(es) B.
11.7
In the event of the Carrier’s or the Handling
Company’s permit(s) or other authorisation(s) to
conduct its air transportation services, or to furnish
the services provided for in the Annex(es) B, whol-
ly or in part, being revoked, cancelled, or suspend
ed, that Party shall notify the other Party without
delay and either Party may terminate the
Agreement or the relevant Annex(es) B at the effec-
tive date of such revocation, cancellation or sus
pension by giving to the other Party notice thereof
within twenty-four hours after such event.
11.9
Both Parties shall be exempt from obligation if
prompt notification is given by either Party in
respect of any failure to perform its obligations
under this Agreement arising from any of the fol
lowing causes;
–labour disputes involving complete or partial
stoppage of work or delay in the performance of
work;
–force majeure or any other cause beyond the
control of either Party.
11.12
Notwithstanding Article 11.11, when changes
occur in the schedule, and/or frequencies and/or
types of aircraft, other than those set out in
Annex(es) B, which affect the handling costs, either
Party shall have the right to request an adjustment
to the handling charges as from the date of the
change provided that the Party concerned informs
SGHA 2004
Table of contents
Section 1
Representation, Administration and Supervision
1.1 General
1.2 Administrative Functions
1.3 Supervision and/or Co-ordination of Services
Contracted by the Carrier with Third Party(ies)
Section 2
Passenger Services
2.1 General
2.2 Departure
2.3 Arrival
2.4 Remote/Off Airport Services
2.5 Intermodal Transportation by Rail, Road or Sea
Section 3
Ramp Services
3.1 Baggage Handling
3.2 Marshalling
3.3 Parking
3.4 Cooling and Heating
3.5 Ramp to Flight Deck Communication
3.6 Loading and Unloading
3.7 Starting
3.8 Safety Measures
3.9 Moving of Aircraft
3.10 Exterior Cleaning
3.11 Interior Cleaning
3.12 Toilet Service
3.13 Water Service
3.14 Cabin Equipment
3.15 Storage of Cabin Material
3.16 Catering Ramp Handling
3.17 De-Icing/Anti-Icing Services and Snow/Ice
Removal
Section 4
Load Control, Communications and
Flight Operations
4.1 Load Control
4.2 Communications
4.3 Flight Operations – General
4.4 Flight Operations – Flight Preparations at the
Airport of Departure
4.5 Flight Operations – Flight Preparations at a Point
Different from the Airport of Departure
4.6 Flight Operations – En-route Flight Assistance
4.7 Flight Operations – Post-flight Activities
4.8 Flight Operations – En-route Re-despatch
4.9 Flight Operations – Crew Administration
Section 5
Cargo and Mail Services
5.1 Cargo and Mail Handling – General
5.2 Customs Control
5.3 Irregularities Handling
5.4 Document Handling
5.5 Physical Handling Outbound/Inbound
5.6 Transfer/ Transit Cargo
5.7 Post Office Mail
Section 6
Support Services
6.1 Accommodation
6.2 Automation/Computer Systems
6.3 Unit Load Device (ULD) Control
6.4 Fuel Farm (Depot)
6.5 Ramp Fuelling/Defuelling Operations
6.6 Replenishing of Oils and Fluids
6.7 Surface Transport
6.8 Catering Services – Liaison and Administration
Section 7
Security
7.1 Passenger and Baggage Screening and
Reconciliation
SGHA 2004
Section 8
Aircraft Maintenance
8.1 Routine Services
8.2 Non-routine Services
8.3 Material Handling
8.4 Parking and Hangar Space
Section 1
Representation, Administration and
Supervision
1.1 General
1.1.1 (a) provide
or
(b) arrange for
guarantee or bond to facilitate the Carrier’s
activities.
1.1.2 Liaise with local authorities.
1.1.3 Indicate that the Handling Company is acting as
handling agent for the Carrier.
1.1.4 Inform all interested Parties concerning move
ments of the Carrier’s aircraft.
Section 2
Passenger Services
2.1 General
2.1.1 Inform passengers and/or public about time of
arrival and/or departure of Carrier‘s aircraft and
surface transport.
2.1.2 Make arrangements for stopover, transfer and
transit passengers and their baggage and inform
them about services available at the airport.
2.1.3 When requested by the Carrier,
(a) provide
or
(b) arrange for
special equipment, facilities and specially
trained personnel, for assistance to
(1) unaccompanied minors.
(2) disabled passengers.
(3) VIPs.
(4) transit without visa passengers (TWOVs).
(5) deportees.
(6) special medical transport
(7) others, as specified in Annex B.
2.1.4 Assist passengers when flights are interrupted,
delayed or cancelled.
2.1.5 If applicable, arrange storage of baggage in the
Customs’ bonded store (any fees to be paid by the
passenger).
2.1.6 (a) Notify the Carrier of complaints and claims
made by the Carrier’s passengers.
(b) Process such claims
2.1.7 Handle lost, found and damaged property matters.
(a) accept baggage irregularity reports
(b) enter data into baggage tracing system
(c) maintain baggage tracing system files for peri
od specified in Annex B
(d) make payments for incidental expenses
(e) arrange for delivery of delayed baggage to pas
sengers
(f) handle communications with passengers
SGHA 2004
2.3 Arrival
2.3.1 (a) perform
or
(b) arrange for
opening/closing aircraft passenger doors
2.3.2 Direct passengers from aircraft through controls.
2.3.3 (a) provide for
or
(b) arrange for
(1) Transfer desk/connection services
(2) Baggage recheck
Section 3
Ramp Services
3.1 Baggage Handling
3.1.1 Handle baggage in the baggage sorting area.
3.1.2 Prepare for delivery onto flights
(a) bulk baggage
(b) ULDs
3.1.3 Establish the number and/or weight of
(a) bulk baggage
(b) built - up ULDs
and provide the load control unit with the informa
tion
3.1.4 Offload
(a) bulk baggage
(b) ULDs.
3.1.5 Prioritise baggage delivery to claim area.
3.1.6 Deliver to claim area
(a) baggage
(b) oversize baggage
3.1.7 Transfer baggage
(a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) Sortation of transfer baggage.
(2) Storage of transfer baggage prior to despatch
(storage time limits to be specified in Annex B).
(3) transport of transfer baggage to the sorting
area of the receiving carrier.
3.1.8 Handle crew baggage.
3.2 Marshalling
3.2.1 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
marshalling at arrival and/or departure.
3.3 Parking
3.3.1 (a) Provide
(b) Position and/or remove
SGHA 2004
wheelchocks.
3.3.2 Position and/or remove
(a) landing gear locks.
(b) engine blanking covers.
(c) pitot covers.
SGHA 2013/ 2008/2004
184 Annex A
3.7 Starting
3.7.1 (a) Provide
or
(b) arrange for
SGHA 2004
(2) linen
SGHA 2004
Section 4
Load Control, Communications and
Flight Operations
4.1 Load Control
4.1.1 Convey and deliver flight documents between the
aircraft and appropriate airport buildings.
4.1.2 (a) Prepare
(b) Sign
(c) Distribute
(d) Clear/process
(e) File
documents, including but not limited to, loading
instructions, loadsheets, weight and balance
charts, Captain’s load information and manifests
where:
(1) Load Control is performed by the Handling
Company
(2) Load Control is performed by the Carrier
(3) Load Control is performed by a third party
4.1.3 (a) Compile
(b) Analyse
(c) Send
(d) Maintain
statistics and reports.
4.2 Communications
4.2.1 (a) Compile
(b) Receive, process and send
all messages in connection with the services per-
formed by the Handling Company, using the
Carrier’s originator code or double signature pro
cedure
(c)
perform EDI (electronic data interchange)
transactions
(d) Inform the Carrier’s representative of the con
tents of such messages.
4.2.2 Maintain a message file containing all above men
tioned messages pertaining to each flight for a
minimum of 90 ninety days.
4.2.3 (a) Provide
(b) Operate
means of communication between the ground sta
tion and the Carrier’s aircraft.
4.3 Flight Operations – General
4.3.1 Inform the Carrier of any known project affecting
the operational services and facilities made avail
able to its aircraft in the areas of responsibility as
specified in Annex B.
4.3.2 After consideration of the Carrier’s instructions,
suggest the appropriate action to pilot-in-com
mand in case of operational irregularities, taking
into account the meteorological conditions, the
ground services and facilities available, aircraft
servicing, possibilities and the overall operational
requirements.
4.3.3 Maintain a trip file by collecting all documents
specified by the Carrier, all messages received or
originated in connection with each flight and dis
pose of this file as instructed by the Carrier.
SGHA 2004
Section 5
Cargo and Mail Services
5.1 Cargo and Mail Handling – General
5.1.1 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange
warehouse handling and storage facilities for
(1) General Cargo
(2) Special Shipments
(3) Specialised Cargo Products
(4) Mail
(c) store cargo
(d) take appropriate action to prevent theft of, or
damage to cargo and/or mail
5.1.2 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
equipment for the handling of
(1) General Cargo
(2) Special Shipments
(3) Specialised Cargo Products
(4) Mail
5.1.3 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
handling services for:
(1) General Cargo
(2) Special shipments
(3) Specialised Cargo Products
(4) Mail
(5) Diplomatic Mail
(6) Diplomatic Cargo
(7) Company Mail
5.1.4 (a) Issue
(b) Obtain
Receipt upon delivery of cargo
5.1.5 Monitor cargo delivery
5.1.6 Take action to prevent theft or unauthorised use of,
or damage to the Carrier’s pallets, containers, nets,
straps, tie-down rings and other material in the
custody of the Handling Company. Notify the
Carrier immediately of any damage to or loss of
such items.
Section 6
Support Services
6.1 Accommodation
6.1.1 Provide facilities for the Carrier’s representative(s).
(a) office space
(b) storage space
(c) other facilities
Section 7
Security
7.1 Passenger and Baggage Screening and
Reconciliation
7.1.1 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) matching of passengers against established
profiles
(2) security questioning
7.1.2 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) screening of checked baggage.
(2) screening of transfer baggage.
(3) screening of mishandled baggage.
(4) physical examination of checked, transfer and
mishandled baggage
(5) identification of security cleared baggage.
7.1.3 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) screening of passengers.
(2) screening of cabin/unchecked baggage.
(3) physical examination of passengers and
cabin/unchecked baggage
7.1.4 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) identification of passengers prior to boarding.
(2) reconciliation of boarded passengers with their
baggage.
(3) positive baggage identification by passengers
(4) offloading of baggage for passengers who fail
to board the aircraft.
7.3 Catering
7.3.1 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) control of access to the catering unit.
(2) security supervision during food preparation.
(3) security check of catering uplifts.
(4) sealing of food and/or bar trolleys/containers.
(5) physical examination of catering vehicles prior
to loading.
7.4 Aircraft
7.4.1 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
control of access to
(1) aircraft.
(2) designated areas.
7.4.2 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
(1) search of aircraft.
(2) guarding of aircraft.
(3) guarding of designated areas.
(4) security of baggage in the baggage make-up
area.
(5) sealing of aircraft.
7.4.3 (a) Provide
or
(b) Arrange for
security personnel
(1) to safeguard all Loads during the transport
between aircraft and designated locations
(2) during offloading and loading of aircraft.
SGHA 2004
Section 8
Aircraft Maintenance
8.1 Routine Services
8.1.1 Maintain the Carrier’s technical manuals, hand-
books, catalogues, etc.
8.1.2 Perform line inspection
8.1.3 Enter in the aircraft log and sign for the perfor
mance of line inspection
8.1.4 Enter remarks in aircraft log regarding defects
observed during the inspection.
8.1.5 Sign Air Worthiness Release (AWR)
8.1.6 Perform
(a) pre-departure inspection
(b) ice-check
immediately before aircraft departure.
8.1.7 Provide personnel to assist the flight crew or ground
staff in the performance of the inspection.
between _____________________________________________________
and ______________________________________________________________
Preamble:
This Annex B is prepared in accordance with the simplified pro-
cedure whereby the Parties agree that the terms of the Main
Agreement and Annex A of the SGHA of January 2004 as pub
lished by the International Air Transport Association shall apply
SGHA 2004
.1
2 Paragraph 2. Additional Services and Charges
All services not included in Paragraph 1 of this Annex
will be charged for as follows:
Paragraph 3. Disbursements
3.1 Any disbursements made by the Handling Company on
behalf of the Carrier will be reimbursed by the Carrier at
cost price plus an accounting surcharge of _____ %.
_________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________
SGHA 2013/ 2008/2004
Annex B 207
Paragraph 7. Settlement
7.1 Notwithstanding Sub-Article 7.2 of the Main Agreement,
settlement of account
shall be effected ____________________________
Paragraph 9. Notification
9.1 In accordance Sub-article 11.3 of the Main Agreement,
any notice or communication to be given hereunder
shall be addressed to the respective parties as follows:
To Carrier:
Carrier ___________________________________________________________
Street ___________________________________________________________
Telephone _______________________________________________________
Fax ______________________________________________________________
E-mail __________________________________________________________
Attn ____________________________________________________________
To Handling Company:
Street ___________________________________________________________
Telephone _______________________________________________________
Fax _______________________________________________________________
E-mail __________________________________________________________
Attn ____________________________________________________________
Governing Law
at ______________________________ at ____________________________
by _____________________________ by ____________________________