Welcome to the course

Control Systems
EAEPC18

By:
Dr. Avinash Kumar
Assistant Professor
NSUT-East Campus
Course No. Title of the Course Credits Course Pre-Requisite
Structure
EAEPC18 Control Systems 4 L-T-P None
3-0-2
COURSE OUTCOMES (CO)
After completion of this course, the students shall be able to demonstrate the following
knowledge, skills and attitudes:
CO1: To understand and analyse the mathematical modelling of linear control systems
using transfer function.
CO 2. To perform stability analysis of linear-time-invariant system and its assessment in
time domain and design of feedback controller.
CO3. To perform stability analysis and its assessment in frequency domain.
CO4: Design and analyse different systems using state variable approach and application
in fuzzy controllers.
Syllabus
Unit 1 Introduction to Control Systems, classification and examples of control
systems, Feedback control systems. Mathematical modelling of Electrical and
Mechanical systems, Electro-mechanical systems, Transfer Function,
analogous systems, Force-current and force-voltage analogy.

Unit 2 Transfer function using Block diagrams and block diagram reduction
techniques, Signal flow graphs, Mason’s gain formula, LTI systems.

Unit 3 Time response analysis, time domain specifications, time response of first
order and standard second order system, step-response of a standard second-
order system, steady-state error and error constants, effect of adding a zero to
a system, Response of P, PI and PID controllers. Concept of stability and
necessary conditions for stability, Routh-Hurwitz stability criteria and
analysis. Root locus technique, steps in obtaining a root locus, stability
analysis using root locus technique.
Syllabus
Unit 4 Frequency response analysis: Introduction to frequency response,
frequency domain specifications, Polar plots, Bode plots, Concept of gain
margin and phase margin, relative stability, Nyquist stability criteria,
Correlation between time and frequency response.

Unit 5 Design of compensators: Lead compensator, lag compensator, Cascade

lag-lead compensator. State variable analysis: state space representation,
state transition matrix, solution of state equation. Fuzzy control systems,
Adaptive Fuzzy logic controller, Examples of fuzzy control system design,
neuro-fuzzy controllers.
Text Books:
1. Ogata K, “Modern Control Engineering”, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall,
New Delhi.
2. Richard Dorf & Robert Bishop, “Modern control system”, 10th
edition, Pearson Education.
3. B.C Kuo, “Automatic control systems”, 7th Edition, Prentice Hall,
New Delhi.
4. I.J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, “Control Systems Engineering,” New Age
International Publishers.
5. Timothy J. Ross, “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications”, John
Wiley & Sons.
6. S. Hasan Saeed, “Automatic Control Systems”, 7th Revised Edition, S.
K. Kataria & Sons
List of Experiments:
1) Unity and non-unity feedback control system using MATLAB
2) Block diagram reduction technique using MATLAB
3) Simulation of P, PI, PID controller
4) Simulation of poles and zeros of a transfer function
5) State model for classical transfer function &vice versa using MATLAB
6) Transfer function analysis of 3rd order feedback control systems using MATLAB
7) Stability analysis using bode plot using MATLAB
8) Stability analysis using root locus using MATLAB
9) Stability analysis using nyquist plot using MATLAB
10)Mini project: Implementation of an adaptive controller.
Unit I: Introduction to Control Systems
• The first control device was James Watt’s flyball governer (invented in
1767) used for keeping the speed of engine constant by regulating the
supply of steam to the engine.
• The control systems can be classified as Open loop control systems
and Closed loop control systems.
• In automatic control systems the output controlled variable is
measured and compared with the desired value of the controlled
variable. The difference of these two values is used to initiate the
action for reducing the difference.
• The example of control systems in daily life are Refrigerator cooling
control, AC, Electric iron thermostat, hot water heater control, water
level control etc.
Unit I: Classification & examples of control systems
The systems are classified as:
1. Linear and Nonlinear system: The relation between input variable x and output variable
y must follow the relation y = mx+c ; such that the Principle of Superposition and
Principle of Homogeneity holds true.
2. Time Invariant and Time Varying system: The values of the circuit elements does not
change with time for a Time Invariant system.
3. Continuous Time and Discrete Time system: For continuous time system function x(t) is
defined for every instant of time whereas for Discrete time system function is defined at
only specified instants of time.
4. Dynamic and Static system: Static system can be understood as memoryless and for
them output does not change if input does not change. For eg. Purely Resistive circuits.
Whereas Dynamic system can be understood as with memory. For Dynamic system
output depends both on the value of input as well as the previous state. Dynamic system
has enery storing elements. For eg. RLC circuit
5. Deterministic and Stochastic system: For stochastic system output is not certain for a
given input and can be found using probability whereas for a Deterministic system
output could be exactly determined for a given input.
Unit I: Classification & examples of control systems
6. Single Input and single output system (SISO): The SISO system has just one input
and one output
7. Multiple input and Multiple Output system (MIMO): Some systems have more
than one input and more than one output. Such systems are known as MIMO
system.
8. Open Loop and Closed Loop control system: Closed Loop systems are also known
as Feedback control systems in which control action depends on the desired output
as well as actual output both.
Open Loop System Closed Loop System
1. Not Reliable Reliable
2. Easier to build Difficult to build
3. Performance accuracy depends on Performance accuracy due to feedback
Calibration
4. Generally more stable Generally Less stable
5. Optimization not possible Optimization is possible
Unit I: Feedback control systems
• Feedback control systems are basically closed loop systems.
Unit I: Mathematical modelling of Electrical systems
Unit I: Mathematical modelling of Electrical and
Mechanical systems
• Mathematical modelling of Electrical systems
Unit I: Mathematical modelling of Electrical and
Mechanical systems
• Mathematical modelling of Electrical systems
Unit I: Mathematical modelling of Electrical and
Mechanical systems
• Mathematical modelling of Electrical systems
Unit I: Mathematical modelling of Electrical and
Mechanical systems
• Mathematical modelling of Electrical systems
Unit I: Mathematical modelling of Electrical and
Mechanical systems
• Mathematical modelling of Mechanical systems
Unit I: Mathematical modelling of Electrical and
Mechanical systems
• Mathematical modelling of Mechanical systems
Unit I: Mathematical modelling of Electrical and
Mechanical systems
• Mathematical modelling of Mechanical systems
Unit I: Analogous systems
Unit I: Analogous systems, Force-current and force-voltage analogy.
Unit I: Analogous systems, Force-current and force-voltage analogy.
Unit I: Analogous systems, Force-current and force-voltage analogy.
Unit I: Analogous systems, Force-current and
force-voltage analogy.
Unit I: Analogous systems
Unit I: Force-current analogy.
Unit I: Force-Current and Force-voltage analogy.
Mechanical coupling analogous to Electrical Transformer
Unit I: Transfer Function