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Lecture 4 Writing Images and Data Classes

The document outlines how to write images to disk using MATLAB's imwrite function and describes various image file formats and compression options. It also discusses MATLAB's imfinfo function to obtain metadata about image files and introduces common data classes used in image processing, including double, uint8, and logical arrays. Key points covered include specifying the filename and extension for imwrite, additional parameters for JPEG compression quality, and storing TIFF images with options for compression and resolution.

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Noorullah Shariff
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views

Lecture 4 Writing Images and Data Classes

The document outlines how to write images to disk using MATLAB's imwrite function and describes various image file formats and compression options. It also discusses MATLAB's imfinfo function to obtain metadata about image files and introduces common data classes used in image processing, including double, uint8, and logical arrays. Key points covered include specifying the filename and extension for imwrite, additional parameters for JPEG compression quality, and storing TIFF images with options for compression and resolution.

Uploaded by

Noorullah Shariff
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Dr.

Qadri Hamarsheh

Outline of the Lecture


 Writing images
 Data Classes

Writing images

• Images are written to disk using function imwrite


imwrite,
write syntax:
imwrite
imwrite (f , 'filename')
'filename')
• Filename must include the extension of the file.
imwrite
imwrite (f, 'filename', 'extension')
Examples:-
>> imwrite (f, 'patient10_run1.tif ')
or alternatively
>> imwrite (f, 'patient10_run1, ‘tif')
• If filename contains no path information, then imwrite saves the file in the current
working directory.
 Special cases for imwrite
imwrite syntax:
o JPEG images:
For image with JPEG format, the syntax can have additional parameters:
imwrite (f, 'filename.j
'filename.jpg', 'quality',
'quality', q)
q: is an integer between 0 and 100 (the lower the number the higher the degradation due to
jpeg compression).
Example:
• To reduce storage and transmission time, it is important that the images be
compressed as much as possible while not degrading their visual appearance beyond a
reasonable level (False contouring, for example).
>> f = imread('football.jpg');
>> imwrite (f,'football0.jpg','quality',0);
>> imwrite (f,'football5.jpg','quality',5);
>> imwrite (f,'football15.jpg','quality',15);
>> imwrite (f,'football25.jpg','quality',25);
>> imwrite (f,'football50.jpg','quality',50);
>> f0 = imread('football0.jpg');
>> f5 = imread('football5.jpg');
>> f15 = imread('football15.jpg');
>> f25 = imread('football25.jpg');
>> f50 = imread('football50.jpg');
>> subplot 231; imshow(f);title('Original Image');
>> subplot 232; imshow(f0); title('Image with q=0');

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Dr. Qadri Hamarsheh
>> subplot 233; imshow(f5); title('Image with q=5');
>> subplot 234; imshow(f15); title('Image with q=15');
>> subplot 235; imshow(f25); title('Image with q=25');
>> subplot 236; imshow(f50); title('Image with q=50');
 Notes about the program
Quality value Remark
q= 5 or q=0 quite visible(not suitable)
q= 15 false contouring visible
q= 25 acceptable solution with some error
 Some of the image/ graphics formats supported by imread and imwrite,
imwrite starting with
matlab 6.5.
TIFF, JPEG, GIF, BMP, PNG, XWD
o GIF is supported by imread,
imread but not by imwrite
imwrite.
write
imfinfo function:
• The imfinfo
imfinfo function returns information about the image file, such as size, width,
height, the compression achieved and other image file details.
Syntax:
imfinfo
imfinfo filename
>> imfinfo football25.jpg
The ouput of the imfinfo function
Filename: [1x93 char]
FileModDate: '27-Feb-2012 22:59:15'
FileSize: 5002
Format: 'jpg'
FormatVersion: ''
Width: 320
Height: 256
BitDepth: 24
ColorType: 'truecolor'
FormatSignature: ''
NumberOfSamples: 3
CodingMethod: 'Huffman'
CodingProcess: 'Sequential'
Comment: {}
• From the output of this command, we remark that:
File size (in bytes): the number of bytes in the original image is computed (original size):

File size = (Width * Height


Height * BitDepth) /8. (1)

܎ܑ‫)܍܏܉ܕܑ ܔ܉ܖܑ܏ܑܚܗ( ܍ܢܑܛ ܍ܔ‬


Compression ratio = (2)
܎ܑ‫)ܜܔܝܛ܍ܚ ܗ܎ܖܑ܎ܕܑ ( ܍ܢܑܛ ܍ܔ‬

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Dr. Qadri Hamarsheh
• The information fields displayed by imfinfo can be captured into a structure variable
that can be used for computations.
>> k= imfinfo ('football25.jpg');
k – Structure name; k- contains fields, that can be accessed by dot operator.
For example, the image height and width are stored in structure fields k.Heigh and
k.Wid
.Width
idth.
th
Example using structure:
• Compute the compression ratio for football25.jpg:
>> K= imfinfo ('football25.jpg');
>> image_size = K.Width * K.Height * K.BitDepth/8;
>> compression_ratio = image_size/ k.FileSize

Compression_ratio = 49.1323

o TIF images with imwrite


 The general imwrit
imwrite
write syntax applicable for tif image;
Syntax:
imwrite
imwrite (g,'
(g,'filename.tif','compression','parameter','resolution',
filename.tif','compression','parameter','resolution',[colres
'resolution',[colres rowres])
 Parameter can have one of the following values:
'none' – no compression.
'packbits'
'packbits' – pack bits compression (the default for nonbinary image).
'ccitt' – ccitt compression (the default for binary image).
The 1*2 array [colres rowres] rowres] - (two integer), contains the column
resolution and row resolution in dots-per-unit (the default values are [72 72]).
For example:- dpi-dots(pixels) per inch.
colres – dpi in vertical direction, rowers-
rowers dpi in horizontal direction.
 Specifying the resolution by single scalar, res is equivalent to writing [res res].
Example:-
• Suppose an 8-bit x-ray image of a circuit board generated during quality inspection. It
is in jpg format, at 200 dpi, the image is of size 450*450 pixels, so its dimensions are
2.25*2.25 inches.
Question: store the image in tif format, with no compression, under the name sf, in
addition we want to reduce the size of the image to 1.5*1.5 inches while keeping the pixel
count at 450 * 450.
Solution:
>> imread(f,'xray.jpg);
>> res = round (200*2.25/1.5);
>> imwrite(f,'sf.tif','compression','none','resolution',res);
 The values of the vector [colres rowres] were determined by multiplying 200
dpi by the ratio. 2.25/1.5.
 round function rounds its argument to the nearest integer n.

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Dr. Qadri Hamarsheh
Data Classes

• The data classes supported by matlab and IPT for representing pixel values as in the
following table:-

Bytes/
Class
Type Description Range per
Name
element
double Floating-
Floating-point numbers (−૚૙૜૙ૡ −૚૙૜૙ૡ ) 8

uint8 Unsigned 8-
8-bit integers (0-
(0-255) 1

uint16 Unsigned 16-


16-bit integers (0-65535) 2
(0-
uint32 Unsigned 32-
32-bit integers 4
4294967295)
numeric
int8 Signed 8-
8-bit integers (-128 -127) 1

int16 Signed 16-


16-bit integers (-32768,32767) 2
(-2147483648-
2147483648-
int32 Signed 32-
32-bit integers 4
2147483647)
single Floating point numbers −૚૙૜ૡ −૚૙૜ૡ 4

Character char Characters, Unicode 2

Boolean Logical logical 0 or 1 1

• The frequently data classes that encountered in image processing are double, uint8
and logical.
• Logical arrays are created by using function logical or by using relational
operators.
operators

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