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EVT577 LabReport JarTest

This laboratory report details an experiment to determine the optimal pH, coagulant, and flocculant for treating wastewater samples. Jar tests were conducted adjusting the pH from 6.0-7.5, adding various amounts of coagulant from 0.5-2.5 mL, and adding volumes of flocculant from 0.5-2.5 mL. The results showed that a pH of 7.5, 1.5 mL of coagulant, and 0.5 mL of flocculant produced the lowest turbidity readings and were therefore concluded to be the optimal conditions for treating the wastewater. Proper technique during the jar tests, such as adequate mixing, is important to avoid unreliable results.

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Muhammad Farah Imran
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432 views

EVT577 LabReport JarTest

This laboratory report details an experiment to determine the optimal pH, coagulant, and flocculant for treating wastewater samples. Jar tests were conducted adjusting the pH from 6.0-7.5, adding various amounts of coagulant from 0.5-2.5 mL, and adding volumes of flocculant from 0.5-2.5 mL. The results showed that a pH of 7.5, 1.5 mL of coagulant, and 0.5 mL of flocculant produced the lowest turbidity readings and were therefore concluded to be the optimal conditions for treating the wastewater. Proper technique during the jar tests, such as adequate mixing, is important to avoid unreliable results.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Farah Imran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

LABORATORY REPORT
EVT 577 WASTEWATER ANALYSIS
Experiment: Coagulation and Flocculation (Jar Test)

Name: Muhammad Farah Imran bin Abdul Wahab


Student ID: 2022947235
Group: AS2293B
Lecturer’s Name: Dr Nurul Nadiah Binti Mohd Firdaus Hum
OBJECTIVES

1. To observe and measure the turbidity of the wastewater sample.


2. To identify the optimum pH, coagulant, flocculant needed for wastewater.

PROCEDURES

1. Filled 100 mL of sample into 5 flasks.


2. Adjusted Ph to 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.2, and 7.5. Add H2SO4 or NaOH
3. Added 1 mL of coagulant. Swirl for 1 min.
4. Added 1 mL of flocculant. Swirl and let stand for 20 minutes.
5. Observed the turbidity using turbidimeter. Lowest reading = optimum pH.
6. Filled 100 mL of sample to 5 flasks using optimum pH from (5).
7. Added 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 of coagulant.
8. Added 1 mL of flocculant.
9. Observed the turbidity lowest reading = optimum coagulant.
10. Filled 100 mL of sample to 5 flasks using optimum pH (5) and optimum coagulant (9).
11. Added 0.5,1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 of flocculant.
12. Observed the turbidity lowest reading = optimum flocculant.

DATA AND RESULTS

Table 1: pH scale of wastewater with different turbidity reading.

pH scale Turbidity reading (NTU)


6.0 57.3
6.5 66.8
7.0 47.7
7.2 54.7
7.5 39.4
Optimum pH obtained: 7.5.

Table 2: Volume of coagulant in wastewater sample with different turbidity.

Volume of coagulant (mL) Turbidity Reading (NTU)


0.5 32.7
1.0 56.6
1.5 31.4
2.0 45.0
2.5 60.3
Optimum pH used: 7.5.

Optimum dosage of coagulant obtained: 1.5 mL.

Table 3: Volume of flocculant in wastewater sample with different turbidity.

Volume of flocculant (mL) Turbidity reading (NTU)


0.5 55.8
1.0 68.5
1.5 70.3
2.0 78.6
2.5 65.7
Optimum pH used: 7.5.

Optimum dosage of flocculant obtained: 0.5 mL.

DISCUSSION

The jar test method was used in this experiment to assess the wastewater sample's ideal pH, coagulants,
and flocculants. In this process, comparison criteria can include things like clarity, floc development,
and settling properties. Typically, the floc that formed the fastest, settled the fastest, and had the
clearest supernatant had the best performance. Turbidity, a measurement of the water's cloudiness,
indicates the existence of colloidal particles.

According to this experiment, 7.5 pH was the ideal value for the wastewater's pH to reduce turbidity.
The turbidity measurement at this pH is 39.4 NTU. This was far lower than other pHs that were used.
For instance, the greatest turbidity reading obtained were 57.3 NTU at pH 6.0 and 66.8 NTU at pH
6.5, respectively. This finding indicated that a higher pH in the wastewater could impede the
reduction of the colloidal particle.

The wastewater sample required 1.5 mL of the best coagulant to reduce turbidity for the second
observation. It was determined, using the same pH as above, that the 100 mL wastewater sample
needed 1.5 mL of coagulant to help the suspended solids aggregate into particles big enough to settle
or be removed. The destabilisation in the coagulation process neutralised the forces that hold the
colloidal particles apart. However, too much coagulant addition might completely reverse the charge
and destabilise the colloid complex.

Additionally, for the third observation, 0.5 mL of the ideal flocculant were needed for the 100 mL
wastewater sample. Compared to other volumes added, this amount of flocculant had the lowest value
of turbidity. Therefore, it is demonstrated that adding more flocculants will enhance the likelihood
that small flocs will come into touch with one another and aggregate into larger particles. Once
suspended particles have flocculated into big particles, sedimentation is typically able to remove them
from the liquid.

Finally, there may have been a mistake made during the experiment that led to an unreliable outcome.
The solution was barely shaken after the flocculant was added, and because the freshly formed
agglomerated particles are relatively fragile, the shear forces during this mixing could cause them to
break apart. This will have an impact on the experiment's real outcome. When handling chemicals
and preparing wastewater samples, gloves should be worn for safety reasons because they can
contaminate and infect hands.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, we get to observe and measure the turbidity of wastewater samples. Additionally, we
also concluded that the optimum amount of pH, coagulant and flocculant needed for the wastewater
are pH 7.5, 1.5 mL and 0.5 respectively.
REFERENCES

 How to conduct a jar test. How To Conduct a Jar Test. (n.d.). https://www.dober.com/water-
treatment/jar-testing#what_is_a_jar_test
 The importance of jar test in water and wastewater analysis. Velp Scientifica. (n.d.).
https://www.velp.com/en-ww/the-importance-of-jar-test-in-water-and-wastewater-
analysis.aspx
 Importance of jar test. Cram. (n.d.). https://www.cram.com/essay/Importance-Of-Jar-
Test/FCJ2UNVEMG

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