Exp 6
Exp 6
LABORATORY REPORT
CHM413 (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY)
EXPERIMENT 6: REACTIONS OF AMINES
2) Draw the general structures for primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
CHEMICALS
1-aminobutane (buytlamine)
phenylamine (aniline/aminobenzene)
glacial acetic acid/ethanoic acid
acetic anhydride/ethanoic acid anhydride
dilute NaOH(aq)
dilute HCl(aq)
phenolphthalein indicator
bromothymol blue indicator
benzoyl chloride
APPARATUS
5-10 test tubes
One 250 ml beaker
Two 100 ml beaker
Blue and red litmus paper
Hot plate
PROCEDURE
1)
a) Two test tubes containing 0.5 ml of aniline in each were prepared. Then 1 ml of distilled
water was added in each of the test tube
b) Two drops of phenolphthalein was added into the first test tube and 2 drops of bromothymol
blue into the second test tube.
c) Test was repeated using 1-aminobtene.
d) The observations were explained based on the colour change for bromothymol blue indicator
at different pH as follows:
pH<6 yellow
pH=7 green
pH7.5 blue
2)
a) 3 ml of dilute HCl(aq) was added to 1 ml of phenylamine in attest tube. In another test tube,
3 ml of distilled water was added to 1 ml of phenylamine. Next, the solubility of phenylamine
was observed in dilute HCl(aq) as compared as to its solubility in water.
b) In test tube contained HCl(aq) and phenylamine, little bit of a dilute NaOH(aq) was added
in at a time to the solution until it was alkaline to red litmus paper.
3)
a) 1 ml of phenylamine was dissolved with 3 ml of acetic acid in a dry test tube. 2 ml of acetic
anhydride was added and the reactant mixture was shaken vigorously.
b) The mixture was poured into 20 ml ice-cold water in a beaker.
4)
a) 0.5 ml of phenylamine was dissolved in 0.5 ml water in a test tube. 0.5 ml of bromine water
was added and the test tube was shaken. The addition of 0.5 ml of bromine water was repeated
until there was a physical change occurred. The observations were explained and the equation
for the reaction was written.
5)
a) 5 ml of dilute HCl(aq) was added to 1 ml of phenylamine in a test tube and the tube was
shaken vigorously for one minute.
b) 5 ml of dilute HCl(aq) was added to 1 ml of phenylamine in a test tube and the tube was
shaken vigorously for one minute. 1 ml of benzoyl chloride was added, the mouth of test tube
was covered with a rubber bung or stopper and the test tube was shaken vigorously for two
minutes. The mixture was let to cool down.
RESULTS
1)
Observations Aniline
Phenolphthalein: Two layer formed (top: colourless solution and
bottom: brown precipitate formed).
Bromothymol blue: Two layer formed (top: green solution and bottom:
brown precipitate formed)
1-aminobutane
Phenolphthalein: Pink colour solution formed.
Conclusions Aniline
Phenolphthalein: The presence of the amine group in the solution is
shown by the dark pink colour of the solution. To determine whether an
amine group is present, phenolphthalein is utilised. Hence, a fragile base
is aniline. The results' discrepancy from expectations might be brought
on by impurities in the test tube's bottom.
1-aminobutane
Phenolphthalein: Despite the fact that 1-aminobutane is an alkane
molecule, it nevertheless contains an amine group in the amino form.
The amino group in the solution caused the solution to become pink
solution as a result.
3)
Observations Cloudy solution formed with white precipitate.
Equations i.C6H5 NH2 + CH3COOH→CH3CONH C6 H5 + H2O
ii. C6H5NH2 +(CH3CO)2O→CH3CONH C6H5 + CH3COOH
Name the product N-phenylethanamide
4)
Observations Initial stage addition of bromine water:
The bromine water was decolourised and cloudy solution formed.
ANSWERS
1.What make amines weak bases and able to form salts with mineral acids?
Amines can function as a weak base by becoming "proton acceptors" when they form bonds
with hydrogen ions. A molecule has to be able to react with acids, which are proton donors, in
order to function as a base. When an amine absorbs a proton from a hydrogen ion, conjugate
acids are created. Amines may also create conjugate acids. Hence, amines and strong acids ar e
combined to create amine salts. The NH3+ group can be found in primary amine salts, NH2+
in secondary amine salts, and NH+ in tertiary amine salts. Because they are utilised to make
medicinal compounds more water soluble and hence more accessible, amine salts are
significant.
REFERENCES
• amines as bases. (n.d.).
https://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/amines/base.html
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