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electricity
a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged subatomic particles such as
the electron and proton.
Thermoplastic
capable of softening when heated & of hardening again when cooled
Thermosetting
becomes permanently rigid when heated & cannot be softened again
An insulating material is sometimes called a

dielectric
Wire
a pliable metallic strand or a twisted or woven assembly of such strands, often
insulated w/ dielectric material & used as a conductor of electricity
Cable
a single insulated conductor or a bound or sheathed combinations of conductors
insulated from one another
Thermoplastic
- polycarbonate
- polyethylene
- polypropylene
- polystyrene
- polyvinyl & vinyl
Thermosetting
- polyester
- polyurethane
- epoXy
- melamine
• phenolic
Types of Cables
Service Entrance Cable (SE & USE)
Non-metallic
Non-metallic Sheathed Cable (NM or NMC) Underground Feeder (UF)
Metal-clad Cables
Flexible Armored Cable (AC)
Metal Clad Cable (MC)
Communication Cable
Coaxial Cable
Telephone Cable
Type SE
for above-ground use
Type USE
for underground use
Non-metallic sheathed cable

- also called Romex
- for indoor use, dry locations
- protected with paper insulation & a thermoplastic jacket
Underground Feeder
- for outdoor & indoor use, damp or wet locations
- should be buried directly in the ground
Metal Clad
- factory assembled cable w/ two or more insulated conductors
- used for services feeders, either concealed or exposed
- for indoor or outdoor use
Flexible Armored Cable

- also BX or Greenfield Cable
- used both in exposed and concealed work
CONDUIT
A tube, pipe, or duct for enclosing and protecting electric wires and cables
1. Protect the enclosed wiring from mechanical injury and damage from the surrounding
atmosphere
2. Provide a grounded metal enclosure for the wiring in order to avoid a shock hazard
3. Provide a system ground path
4. Protect surroundings against a fire hazard as a result of overheating or arcing of the
enclosed conductors
5. Support the conductors
Non-metallic
- PVC
Metallic
- Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC)
- Electric Metallic Tubing (EMT)
- Flexible Metal Conduit (FMC)
Metal Conduit
-Rigid Steel (RS)
-Intermediate Metal Conduit (IMC)
-Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)
-Aluminum Conduit (AL)
Flexible Metallic Conduit

known to the trade as Greenfield
used principally for motor connections and other locations where vibration is present,
where movement is encountered, or where physical obstructions make its use
necessary
Aluminium Conduit
Advantages:
• Lighter than steel, even lighter than EMT
• Has better corrosion resistance in most
atmospheres
• Nonmagnetic, giving a lower voltage drop
• Nonsparking
• Does not require painting
Surface Metal Raceways

may be utilized only in dry, nonhazardous, noncorrosive locations and may generally
contain only wiring operating below 300 V
Underfloor Raceways
An arrangement of parallel rectangular metal or heavy plastic raceways laid on the
structural slab and covered with concrete fill
Cellular Metal Floor Raceways (CMFR)

a fully accessible floor raceways, provided by a cellular (metal) floor that is an
integrated structural or electrical system
Precast Cellular Concrete Floor Raceways (PCCFR)

An enclosed, tubular space in a floor made of precast cellular concrete slabs for
electrical, data, and signal wiring systems
Full-access Floor
applicable to spaces with very heavy cabling requirements, particularly if frequent
recabling and reconnection are required
Coulomb’s Law of Charges

Charles A. Coulomb discovered that charged bodies attract or repel each other with a
force that is directly proportional to the product of the charges, and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them
CURRENT
- designated by the symbol “I”
- determined by the number of electrons that pass through a cross-section of a
conductor in one second
- unit of measurement is amperes, “A”
-The flow of free electrons is referred to as
CURRENT
The force that is applied to a conductor that causes electric current to flow is referred
to as VOLTAGE
VOLTAGE
- designated by the symbol “E”
- potential difference and electromotive force expressed in volts; analogous to pressure
in water flow
- unit of measurement is volts, “V”
The opposition of a conductor to the flow of current is referred to as RESISTANCE
RESISTANCE
- designated by the symbol “R”
-unit of measurement is ohms, “Ω”
- resistance of a conductor increases with an increase of length or a decrease of cross-
section
Battery provides the voltage source
Electrical Wires as the conductor for the current
Bulb provides the Resistance
Electric Circuit
A simple electric circuit consists of a voltage source, some type of load, and a
conductor to allow electrons to flow between the voltage source and the load
A CIRCUIT is a complete path of an electric current, including the source of the electric
energy
In a CIRCUIT, there is a fundamental relationship that exists between Current, Voltage,

an
Ohm’s Law
- formulated by Georg Simon Ohm, a German physicist
- when the voltage in a circuit increases the current increases
Series Circuits
An arrangement of component in an electric circuit in which the same current flows
through each component in turn without branching
Parallel Circuits
An arrangement of component in an electric circuit in which all positive terminals are
connected to one conductor & all the negative terminal are connected to the second
conductor, the same voltage are being applied to each component
Branch Circuits
Supplies outlets for lighting, and appliances, including convenience receptacles
Appliance Branch Circuit

Supplies outlets intended for feeding appliances.
Individual Branch Circuit

Designed to supply a single specific item
OVERCURRENT
An excessive current flow in the circuit, due to the following:
- overload in the equipment or conductors
- short circuit
Overcurrent Protection Devices

are designed to protect equipment and structures from fire.
It stops the flow of current in a circuit when the amperage is too high for the circuit.
Circuit Breaker
A switch that automatically interrupts an electric circuit to prevent excess current from
damaging apparatus in a circuit or from causing a fire
Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter (GFCI)

(GFCI)
help protect individuals against shock, in addition to providing current overload
protection
it detects even a very small current leak to a ground, which may not be detected by a
conventional circuit breaker
Fuse
An overcurrent protective device with a circuit opening fusible element which opens
(break) when there is an overcurrent in the circuit

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electricity

An insulating material is sometimes called a

Service Entrance Cable (SE & USE)

Non-metallic sheathed cable

Flexible Armored Cable

Flexible Metallic Conduit

Surface Metal Raceways

Cellular Metal Floor Raceways (CMFR)

Precast Cellular Concrete Floor Raceways (PCCFR)

Coulomb’s Law of Charges

The opposition of a conductor to the flow of current is referred to as RESISTANCE

Battery provides the voltage source

Electrical Wires as the conductor for the current

Bulb provides the Resistance

In a CIRCUIT, there is a fundamental relationship that exists between Current, Voltage,

Appliance Branch Circuit

Individual Branch Circuit

Overcurrent Protection Devices

Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter (GFCI)

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