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    Chemia 3

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    julia
    Oligosaccharides are saccharide polymers containing 3-10 monosaccharides that can function in cell recognition and adhesion. They are commonly attached to lipids or protein amino acid side chains via N- or O-glycosidic bonds. N-linked oligosaccharides are always pentasaccharides attached to asparagine, while O-linked oligosaccharides are generally attached to threonine or serine. Glycosylation is the process of attaching a carbohydrate to an organic molecule like a glycoprotein or glycolipid.

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    Chemia 3

    Uploaded by

    julia
    17 views1 page
    Oligosaccharides are saccharide polymers containing 3-10 monosaccharides that can function in cell recognition and adhesion. They are commonly attached to lipids or protein amino acid side chains via N- or O-glycosidic bonds. N-linked oligosaccharides are always pentasaccharides attached to asparagine, while O-linked oligosaccharides are generally attached to threonine or serine. Glycosylation is the process of attaching a carbohydrate to an organic molecule like a glycoprotein or glycolipid.

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    chemistry 3

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    chemia 3

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    Oligosaccharides are saccharide polymers containing 3-10 monosaccharides that can function in cell recognition and adhesion. They are commonly attached to lipids or protein amino acid side chains via N- or O-glycosidic bonds. N-linked oligosaccharides are always pentasaccharides attached to asparagine, while O-linked oligosaccharides are generally attached to threonine or serine. Glycosylation is the process of attaching a carbohydrate to an organic molecule like a glycoprotein or glycolipid.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as txt, pdf, or txt
    17 views1 page

    Chemia 3

    Uploaded by

    julia
    Oligosaccharides are saccharide polymers containing 3-10 monosaccharides that can function in cell recognition and adhesion. They are commonly attached to lipids or protein amino acid side chains via N- or O-glycosidic bonds. N-linked oligosaccharides are always pentasaccharides attached to asparagine, while O-linked oligosaccharides are generally attached to threonine or serine. Glycosylation is the process of attaching a carbohydrate to an organic molecule like a glycoprotein or glycolipid.

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    An oligosaccharide (/ˌɑlɪgoʊˈsækəˌɹaɪd/;[1] from the Greek ὀλίγος olígos, "a few",

    and σάκχαρ sácchar, "sugar") is a saccharide polymer containing a small number


    (typically three to ten[2][3][4][5]) of monosaccharides (simple sugars).
    Oligosaccharides can have many functions including cell recognition and cell
    adhesion.[6]

    They are normally present as glycans: oligosaccharide chains are linked to lipids
    or to compatible amino acid side chains in proteins, by N- or O-glycosidic bonds.
    N-Linked oligosaccharides are always pentasaccharides attached to asparagine via a
    beta linkage to the amine nitrogen of the side chain.[7] Alternately, O-linked
    oligosaccharides are generally attached to threonine or serine on the alcohol group
    of the side chain. Not all natural oligosaccharides occur as components of
    glycoproteins or glycolipids. Some, such as the raffinose series, occur as storage
    or transport carbohydrates in plants. Others, such as maltodextrins or
    cellodextrins, result from the microbial breakdown of larger polysaccharides such
    as starch or cellulose.

    Glycosylation
    In biology, glycosylation is the process by which a carbohydrate is covalently
    attached to an organic molecule, creating structures such as glycoproteins and
    glycolipids.[8]

    N-Linked glycosylation involves oligosaccharide attachment to asparagine via a beta


    linkage to the amine nitrogen of the side chain.[7] The process of N-linked
    glycosylation occurs cotranslationally, or concurrently while the proteins is being
    translated. Since it is added cotranslationally, it is believed that N-linked
    glycosylation helps determine the folding of polypeptides due to the hydrophilic
    nature of sugars. All N-linked oligosaccharides are pentasaccharides: five
    monosaccharides long.

    In N-glycosylation for eukaryotes, the oligosaccharide substrate is assembled right


    at the membrane of the endoplasmatic reticulum.[9] For prokaryotes, this process
    occurs at the plasma membrane. In both cases, the acceptor substrate is an
    asparagine residue. The asparagine residue linked to an N-linked oligosaccharide
    usually occurs in the sequence Asn-X-Ser/Thr,[7] where X can be any amino acid
    except for proline, although it is rare to see Asp, Glu, Leu, or Trp in this
    position.

    O-Linked oligosaccharides
    Oligosaccharides that participate in O-linked glycosylation are attached to
    threonine or serine on the hydroxyl group of the side chain.[7] O-linked
    glycosylation occurs in the Golgi apparatus, where monosaccharide units are added
    to a complete polypeptide chain. Cell surface proteins and extracellular proteins
    are O-glycosylated.[10] Glycosylation sites in O-linked oligosaccharides are
    determined by the secondary and tertiary structures of the polypeptide, which
    dictate where glycosyltransferases will add sugars.

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