Chij Katong Convent Preliminary Examinations 2019 Secondary Four Express

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Name: ____________________________( ) Class:______
CHIJ KATONG CONVENT

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 2019
Secondary Four Express
BIOLOGY 6093/01
Paper 1 Duration: 1 hour
Classes: 405 and 406
Additional Materials: Optical Answer Sheet
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid/ tape.
Write your name, registration number and class on all the work you hand in.
There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are
four possible answers A, B, C, and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate
Optical Answer Sheet.
Read the instructions on the Optical Answer Sheet very carefully.
Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done on the question paper.
The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate.
At the end of the examination, hand in:

(a) Optical Answer Sheet; and
(b) Question paper separately.
This question paper consists of 17 printed pages.
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CHIJ Katong Convent Preliminary Exams 2019 Biology 6093/01 Sec 4E
1 Which section of the diagram represents the structures that are typically found in both plant and
animal cells?
A
mitochondrion chloroplast
D
C B
ribosome
2 Which structures are found in a human male gamete?
nuclear
diploid nucleus enzymes mitochondria
membrane
A
B
C
D
3 Which chemical element is present in fats but not in water?
A carbon
B hydrogen
C nitrogen
D oxygen
4 A student conducted an investigation to determine the type of nutrients in a food sample.
food sample Benedict’s test biuret test ethanol emulsion test

Y blue purple white emulsion
Z brick-red blue clear
Which row shows the nutrients present in each food sample?
Y Z
A proteins fats and glucose
B fats and proteins maltose
C fats and sucrose proteins
D proteins and sucrose maltose
2
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CHIJ Katong Convent Prelim Exams 2019 Biology 6093/01 Sec 4E
5 The graph shows the changes in the mass of a piece of plant tissue in distilled water at 30 °C.
1.1
1.0
mass of plant
tissue/ g
0.9
0.8
0.7
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
time/ h
The following conclusions were made:
1 The plant cells are plasmolysed between 1.5 hrs to 2.5 hrs.
2 The plant cells are fully turgid between 1.5 hrs to 2.5 hrs.
3 The rate of osmosis is highest from 1.5 hrs to 2.5 hrs.
4 There was no movement of water molecules from 1.5 hrs to 2.5 hrs.
Which conclusion(s) is/ are correct?
A 1 only
B 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 2, 3 and 4 only
6 The graph shows the activation energy of an enzyme-catalysed reaction and the same reaction
without a catalyst.
energy Y
reactants
Z
products
reaction
Which working shows the activation energy of the uncatalysed reaction?
A X+Y-Z
B X+Z-Y
C X+Y
D Y+Z
3
10 The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis of a plant at increasing light intensities at two carbon
dioxide (CO2) concentrations. The temperature is kept constant.
Y 0.06%
carbon dioxide
rate of X Z
0.03%
photosynthesis carbon dioxide
light intensity
What may be limiting the rate of photosynthesis at X, Y and Z?
X Y Z
A CO2 concentration light intensity CO2 concentration
B CO2 concentration light intensity light intensity
C light intensity CO2 concentration CO2 concentration
D light intensity CO2 concentration light intensity
11 In an investigation into rate of transpiration, 5 of the following set-ups were used.
oil to prevent evaporation of water
water
Some of the plants had all their leaves coated with grease to reduce transpiration. Each plant is
weighed in its own test-tube at the start of the experiment and after 2 days.
The results are shown in the table.

mass of plant/ g
plant 1 plant 2 plant 3 plant 4 plant 5
t=0 105 121 107 111 119
t = 2 days 103 97 84 110 93
Which plants had their leaves coated with grease?
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 5
D 2, 3 and 5
5
25 An experiment was set up using four groups of insect pollinated flowers, all of the same species,
in a field. In each group, different parts of the flowers were removed and insects were allowed to
visit all the flowers freely.
Which group of flowers would produce the most number of seeds?
stigma anthers petals

A left left removed
B left removed left
C removed left removed
D removed removed left
26 The diagram shows two different flowers from two different plants of the same species.
Which letter represents cross-pollination?

B
D
A
27 Which row shows the effects of estrogen and progesterone?
high levels needed

high levels required maintains uterine repairs the uterine
to stop development
for ovulation lining thickness lining
of more ova
A estrogen progesterone estrogen progesterone
B estrogen progesterone progesterone estrogen
C progesterone estrogen estrogen progesterone
D progesterone estrogen progesterone estrogen
28 After sexual intercourse, sperms can survive up to 3 days in the uterus and oviducts. Ovulation
can occur any time between day 13 and 15 of the menstrual cycle. An ovum can survive for 2
days after ovulation.
How long is the longest possible fertile period?
A 2 days
B 3 days
C 5 days
D 7 days
12
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34 Which statement about human blood group is correct?
A A person with the blood group A cannot have an IO allele.

B A person with the blood group B may have either the genotype IBIB or IBIO.
C In a person with the blood group AB, the IB allele is recessive to the IA allele.
D The alleles IB and IO are co-dominant and have an equal effect on the phenotype.
35 Bacteria can be genetically modified to produce human insulin.
What is a possible risk of this procedure?
A Bacterial insulin is less effective in treating diabetes than animal insulin.

B The genetically modified bacteria may become insulin resistant.
C The genetically modified bacteria may produce too much insulin.
D The presence of a new gene in the bacteria may alter the way existing gene work.
36 Which statement about chromosomes is correct?
A Chromosomes are long DNA molecules called genes which are divided into sections.
B Chromosomes include a long molecule of DNA divided into sections called genes.
C Chromosomes include genes which are divided into sections called DNA molecules.
D Genes include long DNA molecules called chromosomes.
37 In maize, one allele of a particular gene allows chlorophyll production while the other allele
prevents this, giving plants with cream-coloured leaves.
Half the seeds from a cross between two green-leaved plants were sown in trays kept in the dark.
The other half was sown in similar conditions except that they received optimum light intensity.
The table shows the results obtained.
number of seedlings
kept in the dark kept in optimum light intensity
green leaves cream leaves green leaves cream leaves
X 400 320 110
What is the most possible number of green-leaved plants formed from seeds germinating in the
dark?
A 0
B 110
C 320
D 400
15
Name: ____________________________( ) Class:______
CHIJ KATONG CONVENT

BIOLOGY 6093/02
Paper 2 Duration: 1 hour 45 minutes
No Additional Materials are required.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working.
Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
Section B
Electronic calculators may be used.

You are advised to spend no longer than one hour on Section A and no longer than 45
minutes on Section B.
At the end of the examination faster all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
FOR EXAMINER'S USE

Paper 1 / 40
Paper 2
Section A / 50
Section B / 30
TOTAL / 120
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Section A
Answer all the questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 The diagram shows an electron micrograph of a segment of a proximal convoluted tubule cell of a
kidney.
lumen
brush organelle X
border
organelle Y
Fig. 1.1
(a) Identify organelles X and Y.
X ……….………………………… Y .………………………………… [2]
(b) Suggest the importance of the numerous numbers of organelle X in the cell.
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2
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2 (b) Compare the pressure of blood in the circulation to the body tissues and the pressure of
blood in the circulation to the lungs.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(c) Explain how the structure of the heart produces this difference in blood pressure.
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(d) In humans, there are three types of blood circulation:
1 Systemic circulation which circulates blood through various body tissues.

2 Pulmonary circulation which allows for oxygenation of blood in the lungs.
3 Portal circulation which is part of systemic circulation, with blood passing through two
sets of capillaries before draining into a larger systemic vein.
Name one vein involved in portal circulation.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
[Total: 7]
3 (a) Write the word equation for photosynthesis in the given space below.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2]
4
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4 (d) Extracts from the tree have many uses in medicine. Some of the extracts are alkaline and
have anti-bacterial properties.
Suggest why these tree extracts are sometimes used to treat medical conditions in the
human stomach.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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[Total: 7]
5 Table 5.1 shows the concentration of glucose and hormone A in the blood over a period of 8 hours
in a person.
Table 5.1
time/ h blood glucose concentration/ blood hormone A concentration/ μg/mg

x 10 mg/ dl
0 5 4
1 5 4
2 7 20
3 15 19
4 16 15
5 13 8
6 9 5
7 6 4
8 5 4
(a) In the grid provided on the next page, plot the graphs of the concentration of glucose and
hormone A in blood against time.
Both graphs must share the given space and you may have one y-axis on each side of the
space.
7
5 (a)
[5]
(b) Identify hormone A, and provide an explanation for your answer.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2]
[Total: 7]
8
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6 Fig. 6.1 shows an animal cell during cell division.
cell surface membrane

A
nuclear membrane
Fig. 6.1
(a) Identify the type of cell division shown.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(b) Complete the diagram on Fig. 6.1, for C and D. [2]
(c) Gene coding for Bt-toxin is found in soil bacterium Bacillus thurengiensis. Cabbage plants
with in-built Bt-toxin gene against the diamondback moths can be produced by genetic
engineering i.e. the farmer no longer has to eliminate the insects with insecticides.
Explain how these transgenic cabbage plants can be produced.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………[4]
[Total: 7]
9
7 Fig. 7.1 shows the relationships between a number of organisms living together in a South
American rainforest.
the bumble bee is the only insect
strong enough to push past the coiled
petal and reach the nectar
coiled petal
nut collectors
orchid harvest and sell
flower of the Brazil
the nuts
bumble bee nut tree
anthers
nectar from an
orchid gives male
bumble bees the
necessary scent
to attract females Brazil nut tree
grows only as an
uncultivated plant fruit of the Brazil nut tree
in the Amazon with an extremely hard
rainforest pericarp
agouti – the only animal

capable of opening the
jaguar feeds
fruit.
on agoutis seeds (nuts)
inside fruit It stores nuts (seeds) by
burying them, but often
then forgets about them.
Fig. 7.1
(a) Complete Fig. 7.2 by:

writing the name of an organism in each box,
completing the arrows to show the flow of energy.
Fig. 7.2
[4]
10
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7 (b) Suggest the possible effects on the community in the rainforest if the orchids were killed by a
disease.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………[3]
[Total: 7]
11
Section B
Answer three questions.
Question 10 is in the form of an Either/ Or question. Only one part should be answered.
8 (a) Describe the structure of the DNA.
…….………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
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…….………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
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…….………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
…….………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
…….……………………………………………………………………………………………….…..[4]
(b) Haemophilia is a genetic disorder where blood clotting does not occur, and the affected
person may bleed to death from a minor cut. The gene for haemophilia is recessive,
and is inherited only from the X-chromosome of the mother. This means that a son who
inherits the recessive gene in the X-chromosome from the mother, and a healthy
Y-chromosome from the dad, will inherit haemophilia.
A healthy man marries a woman who does not have the condition. They have a son who is
haemophiliac. Explain with the aid of a genetic diagram how this is possible, and suggest
the probability of this occurrence in the offspring.
You may use Xh for the recessive allele on X-chromosome.
[6]
[Total: 10]
12
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9 (a) Describe how a developing fetus in the uterus obtains and uses its metabolic requirements
and gets rid of its waste products.
…….………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
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…….………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
…….………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
…….……………………………………………………………………………………………….…..[6]
9 (b) Describe how water and sugars are transported to a developing fruit.
…….………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
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[Total: 10]
13
10 Either
(a) Describe three different ways substances move into and out of animal cells.
Use an example to illustrate each process.
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…….………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
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…….……………………………………………………………………………………………….…..[6]
10 (b) Some muscles in our body work as antagonistic pairs. In these pairs of muscles, when one
muscle contracts, the other muscle relaxes.
With reference to named muscles, describe how antagonistic pairs of muscles bring about
the movement of food bolus in the esophagus after swallowing.
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…….……………………………………………………………………………………………….…..[4]
[Total: 10]
14
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10 Or
10 (a) Outline the processes following pollination and ending with fertilisation in a flower.
…….………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
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10 (b) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of cross pollination compared to self-pollination
in flowering plants.
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[Total: 10]
15
DUNMAN SECONDARY SCHOOL

Where…… Discernment, Discipline, Daring, Determination &
Duty become a part of life.
CANDIDATE
NAME
CLASS INDEX
NUMBER
2019 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS

SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS
BIOLOGY 6093/01
Paper 1 Multiple Choice 18 September 2019
1 hour
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name and index number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided.
There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four
possible answers A, B, C and D.
Answer Sheet.
Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
This document consists of 17 printed pages.
2
1 The diagram shows an electron micrograph of an animal cell.

Which structure synthesises and transport proteins?
2 Five pieces of potato strips, of equal size and shape, are cut from the same potato tuber. The
strips are then placed in sugar solutions of different concentrations. After four hours, the change
in length of each potato strip is measured.
The results are shown in the graph.
Which concentration of sugar solution has approximately the same water potential as the potato
tuber?
A 0.00 mol dm-3
B 0.15 mol dm-3
C 0.30 mol dm-3
D 0.40 mol dm-3
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3
3 Some red blood cells were placed in distilled water and salt solutions of different concentrations.
Which diagram shows the appearance of the cell that has been placed in distilled water?
4 Cubes of hard-boiled egg white are placed in test-tubes containing 5 cm3 of water. Other
substances are added to each tube as shown in the chart. The tubes are left for eight hours and
then tested for amino acids.
tube solution added results of test for amino acids

1 pepsin absent
2 pepsin + alkali absent
3 none absent
4 pepsin + acid large amounts
5 boiled pepsin + acid traces
6 acid traces
7 alkali absent
Which tubes show that pepsin is an enzyme?

A 1 and 6 B 2 and 7 C 4 and 5 D 5 and 6
5 What may take place during hydrolysis reaction?
1 a molecule of water is produced

2 a sucrose molecule is split into fructose and glucose
3 digestion of complex molecules into simpler ones using enzymes
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 C 1 and 3 D 2 and 3
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4
6 Some of the molecules found in animal tissues are grouped into three lists.
1 glucose, lipids, water, deoxyribose

2 glycogen, antibodies, adenine, fatty acids
3 haemoglobin, carbon dioxide, mRNA, disaccharides
Which lists include one or more molecules that always contain nitrogen atoms?
7 The diagram shows some organs of the digestive system.
Where are proteases made?

8 Starch is digested by amylase in the mouth, but it is not digested in the stomach.
What is the reason for this?
A All starch digestion is completed in the mouth.

B The pH in the stomach is not suitable for the amylase to work.
C The starch does not stay in the stomach long enough to be digested.
D The temperature in the stomach is not suitable for the amylase to work.
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5
9 In which part of the body does the breakdown of drugs occur?
A brain
B heart
C kidneys
D liver
10 The graph shows the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air surrounding a plant measured
over 24 hours.
Which explains the carbon dioxide concentration at time X?
light intensity plant process

A darkness respiration
B darkness transpiration
C daylight photosynthesis
D daylight respiration
11 Why is sunlight necessary for photosynthesis?
A It is a catalyst.
B It is required to activate enzymes.
C It is required to break down water molecules.
D It is required to form chlorophyll.
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6
12 Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?
A B
C D
13 The diagram shows a shoot growing from a potato tuber.
What is being transported in the phloem cells at Y?
A starch downwards
B starch upwards
C sugars downwards
D sugars upwards
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7
14 Which row correctly identifies xylem vessel and sieve tube element?
xylem vessel sieve tube element

cytoplasm nucleus cytoplasm nucleus
A key
B = present
C = absent
D
15 The graph shows pressure changes in the left side of the heart, during a single heart beat.
At which point does the semi-lunar valve open?
16 What causes the transfer of materials between capillaries and tissue fluid?
A active transport
B blood pressure
C capillary action
D osmosis
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8
17 Which diagram shows the human double circulatory system?
key: direction of blood flow
A B
C D
18 Fitness training increases the concentration of lactic acid that runners can build up in their
muscles before pain stops them from running.
What is a consequence of this increase?
A Aerobic respiration in muscles can be more rapid.

B Blood flow to the muscles is increased.
C More anaerobic respiration can take place in the muscles.
D More energy is needed by the muscles to work.
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9
19 The graph shows the energy released by two animals through respiration as the external
temperature changes.
Which conclusion can be drawn from the graph
A Animals 1 and 2 release the least energy at 23°C.

B Animal 2 always respires faster than animal 1.
C As the temperature rises, respiration always increases.
D The rate of respiration is the same for both animals at 23°C.
20 Which organs remove excretory products from the blood?
A bladder and liver

B bladder and lungs
C kidneys and bladder
D lungs and kidneys
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10
21 The diagram shows structures within human skin under two different conditions.
Which statement accounts for the change from condition 1 to 2?
A A person enters a cold room to store fresh food products.

B A person leaves an air-conditioned room to go to the washroom.
C A person stands stationary in the field on a sunny day.
D A person walks under a sheltered walkway from the office to the canteen.
22 The diagram shows the structures involved in a reflex action.
Which sequence shows the structures involved in the reflex action?
A P Q R S
B P S R Q
C Q R S P
D Q S P R
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11
23 The diagram shows a neurone.
Which structures could be found at V and W?
V W
A brain intestine
B brain leg
C eye hand
D ovary spinal cord
24 The diagram shows a section through a human eye.

Which structure contains muscles which contract to produce a focused image on the retina?
25 The following shows some hormones produced by the body.
1 adrenaline 3 insulin
2 glucagon 4 testosterone
Which hormone(s) is/are involved in the conversion of glycogen to glucose?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 only D 2 and 4
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12
26 Nocodazole is a chemical used in the study of mitosis. It causes all mitotic cells to stop dividing
at metaphase. The following statements show the effect that the chemical may have on the
process of mitosis.
1 inhibits chromatin condensing in the nucleus

2 prevents replication of centrioles
3 stops sister chromatids migrating to opposite poles
Which statement(s) correctly identify how this chemical might work?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 only
27 The diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell that divides by mitosis.
Which diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of one of the daughter cells produced?
A B
C D
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13
28 Male bees are haploid. They develop from unfertilised eggs. Female bees are diploid. The
following statements are on male and female bees.
1 All male bees are genetically identical.

2 Male bee sperm cells are produced by mitosis.
3 Female bees do not need fertilisation to be produced.
Which statement(s) are correct?

29 Which row on the male reproductive system in a human, is correct?
secretes
secretes sex stores inactive
produces sperm enzymes to
hormones sperm
nourish sperm
A testes scrotum ureter urethra
B epididymis testes prostate gland ureter
C testes testes prostate gland epididymis
D scrotum prostate gland epididymis testes
30 The diagram shows a flower from a plant.

Which part of the flower, when cell samples are taken, can produce offspring that are genetically
identical to the plant?
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14
31 The diagrams show pollen grains from three different species of plant as they appear under the
microscope. The diagrams are all drawn to the same scale.
Which pollen grains are involved in insect-pollination?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 C 2 and 3 D 3 only
32 The diagram shows the inheritance of coat colour in mice.

Which mouse is heterozygous for coat colour?
33 Which is not a feature of natural selection?
A genetic engineering
B random mutation
C reproduction of new offspring
D survival of the fittest
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15
34 The graph shows the masses of two different types of tomato.
What can be concluded from the graph?
A Genes do not affect the mass of tomatoes.

B Type 1 tomatoes show continuous variation.
C Type 2 tomatoes are sometimes smaller than type 1 tomatoes.
D Type 2 tomatoes show discontinuous variation.
35 The diagram shows part of a DNA molecule.
Which letters indicate cytosine, deoxyribose, phosphate and thymine?
cytosine deoxyribose phosphate thymine

A W X Y Z
B Y X W Z
C Y Z X W
D Z W X Y
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16
36 Which molecule has its synthesis directly controlled by DNA?
A amylase
B glycerol
C glycogen
D iron
37 A single plant provides food for many herbivores. The herbivores supply food for a few
carnivores.
Which pyramid of numbers and which pyramid of biomass show this information?
pyramid of numbers pyramid of biomass

A W Y
B W Z
C X Y
D X Z
38 Within an ecosystem, the top consumers in a food chain are few in number.
Which statement explains this?
A Energy losses occur at each trophic level.

B Energy losses occur within the consumers digestive system.
C Top consumers are large in size.
D Top consumers have a low reproductive rate.
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17
39 The concentration of a pesticide in the tissues of the organisms in the following food chain was
measured.
plants small fish large fish birds of prey
Which bar on the chart represents the large fish?
40 The graph shows the annual changes of the following factors in a lake.
intensity of light per day

numbers of producers
numbers of primary consumers
quantity of nutrients
Which curve represents the numbers of primary consumers?
6093/01/4
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CANDIDATE
NAME
CLASS INDEX
NUMBER
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 2019

SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS
BIOLOGY 6093/02
Paper 2 2 September 2019
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on Question Paper.
Write your name, class and index number on all the work you hand in.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Section A
Write your answers on the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
Section B
Answer all the questions, the last question is in the form either/or.
You are advised to spend no longer than one hour on Section A Marks
and no longer than 45 minutes on Section B.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely Section A
together.
Section B
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each
question or part question. Total
3
(b) With reference to the structures labelled C, D and E, describe the sequence of events that
lead to the production of digestive enzymes in this cell.
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[Total: 6]
6093/02/4
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5
(a) According to these results which concentration of sucrose has the same water potential as
the beetroot cells?
[1]
(b) Explain why the drop of bathing solution rose in the 0.6 M solution.
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[4]
(c) In the space below, draw a labelled diagram of a single beetroot cell from the 0.7 M sucrose
bathing solution, to show how it would have appeared under a light microscope.
[3]
[Total: 8]
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(b) Use your knowledge of cell division to describe two differences between the arrangements
of chromosomes in stages A and C.
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(c) State how the type of cell division involving stages A to F can result in variation in the lily,
Lilium candidum.
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[Total: 9]
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4 Nerium oleander is a xerophytic plant. A photomicrograph of a section through the leaf of

N. oleander is shown in Fig. 4.1.
Fig. 4.1
(a) Identify the tissues labelled A and B.
B [2]
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(b) The leaf shown in Fig. 4.1 has a number of adaptations to reduce water loss by
transpiration. Two of the adaptations are:
a multilayered epidermis
stomata only found in depressions, known as stomatal crypts, on the lower surface
of the leaf.
Explain how the two adaptations will help to reduce water loss in N. oleander.
multilayered epidermis .
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stomatal crypts . .
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[3]
[Total: 5]
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5 (a) Hydrogen peroxide has a harmful effect on cells. One effect is to damage DNA.
Describe the structure of DNA.
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.[3]
(b) The cell has mechanisms to repair the damage to DNA caused by hydrogen peroxide.
Errors in repair may cause a change to the structure of DNA.
Explain why hydrogen peroxide can be considered a mutagen.
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.[1]
(c) Scientists have created transgenic bacteria that glow. The glowing bacteria have a jellyfish
gene for the production of a protein which causes them to glow.
Describe how the transgenic bacteria were produced.
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[Total: 8]
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(c) Describe how human activities are affecting the carbon cycle.
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[Total: 8]
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Candidate Name: Class: Index No:
Section B
Question 10 is in the form of an Either/Or question. Only one part should be answered.
8 A protein is used to hold other chemicals onto the clear plastic backing of photographic film, as
shown in Fig. 8.1.
Fig. 8.1
Trypsin is an enzyme which will digest the protein so that the coating on the photographic film is
removed and the film becomes clear.
Table 8.1 shows the results obtained by two students who investigated the effect of pH on the
activity of this enzyme. They made up the solutions, set up the experiment and timed how long
the enzyme took to digest the protein and clear the film.
Table 8.1
time for the protein to be digested /

min average time for the protein to be
pH
digested / min
student 1 student 2
2 12.0 14.0
4 8.0 9.0
6 2.0 3.0
8 0.5 1.0
10 8.0 9.0
(a) Calculate the average time for the proteins to be digested and complete Table 8.1. [1]
(b) State two variables that should be kept constant in the experiment.
1. . ..
2. .. ... [1]
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(c) Plot a graph of the average time for the protein digestion at each pH in the grid provided.
[4]
(d) Describe and explain the effect of pH on the activity of the enzyme.
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[Total: 10]
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9 (a) Cockroaches are pests which damage food and spread diseases. They have a gene which
makes them attracted to sugar. In the 1980s, a mixture of insecticides and sugar was used
as a means of pest control. The sugar attracted the cockroaches and the insecticide killed
them. In the 1990s, certain populations of cockroaches were no longer attracted to sugar.
The insecticide was still lethal but the cockroaches avoided eating it when it was mixed
with sugar.
Explain how the cockroaches evolved to survive the pest control used in the 1980s.
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(b) Describe one difference between the process of artificial selection and natural selection.
Include reference to the production of one named economically important plant or animal
in your answer.
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(c) What are the advantages of genetic engineering over selective breeding?
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[Total: 10]
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10 Either
(a) Describe the double circulation of blood in the human circulatory system and the different
functions of the two circuits.
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(b) Explain how the structure of capillaries is adapted for the transport of a named material to
tissue fluid.
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[Total: 10]
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10 Or
(a) Explain why most living organisms depend on photosynthesis.
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(b) Explain why increasing the light intensity in which a plant is growing does not necessarily
increase its rate of photosynthesis.
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[Total: 10]
6093/02/4
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Name: ………………………………………………….. ( ) Class: Sec 4A
ueenstown Secondary School
Preliminary Examination 2019

Biology
6093/01
2 September 2019 Time: 1130 – 1230h

Monday Duration: 1 hour

Write your name, class and index number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer
Sheet.
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5 Urease is an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of urea to ammonia and carbon
dioxide. An experiment was carried out at 30°C to investigate the effect of pH on the
activity of urease. 10.0 cm3 of pH 3 buffer solution was mixed with 1 cm3 of urease
solution. This mixture was then added to 10.0 cm3 of urea solution and the
concentration of ammonia in the mixture was measured after 60 minutes. This
procedure was repeated using buffer solutions of pH 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
The results are shown in the graph below.
Which of the following statements are true about the activity of urease at different pH
values?
I: A curve of similar shape should be obtained if the concentration of carbon

dioxide is tracked in the experiment.
II: A curve of similar shape should be obtained if the experiment is conducted
at 60°C.
III: This enzyme works best at pH 7.
IV: The enzyme is denatured at pH 9.
A I and II B I, II and III C I, III and IV D I, II, III and IV
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11 The graph below shows the variation in blood pressure of the five main types of
blood vessels in the circulatory system of man.
Increasing value in blood pressure
M N O P
Which of the following correctly identifies the blood vessels labelled M to Q?
M N O P Q
A arterioles arteries veins venules capillaries
B arteries arterioles capillaries veins venules
C veins venules capillaries arterioles arteries
D arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins

10
13 The table below shows the changes in the dry weight of substances found in seeds
before and after germination in a dark covered container.
Dry weight of seedlings

Parts of seed Dry weight of seeds /g formed after germination in
darkness /g
Fats 86.2 32.2
Sugars 7.3 19.0
Cellulose 5.4 14.6
Simple proteins 21.6 11.2
Others 24.9 49.1
Total dry weight 145.4 126.1
Why is there a greater mass of cellulose in the seedlings compared to the seeds?
A Cellulose and fats are used up during respiration.

B Cellulose is formed as the number of cells increased.
C Cellulose is translocated from the seeds to the seedlings.
D Cellulose is formed as a storage substance in the seedling.
14 Which of the following are not the characteristics of nervous impulses?
I It can be transmitted in reverse directions.

II Transmission along a nerve fibre are both electrical and chemical in nature.
III The initiation of impulses always starts from the brain.
A I and II B II and III C I and III D I, II and III

12
16 The mechanism of how stomata opens and closes is shown below.
light
photosynthesis
Lower carbon dioxide

concentration
Less acidic
sugar
starch
higher water potential more acidic lower water potential

of guard cells of guard cells
higher carbon dioxide

concentration
guard cells lose water guard cells absorb
and become W water and become Y
respiration
At night
stoma X stoma Z
Which of the following correctly represents W, X, Y and Z?
W X Y Z
A flaccid opens turgid closes
B flaccid closes turgid opens
C turgid closes flaccid opens
D turgid opens flaccid closes
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16
For questions 22 and 23, refer to the results of blood group testing of three people,
John, Jacob and Jennifer, shown below.
22 To which blood group does each belong?
John Jacob Jennifer

A A B AB
B B AB O
C AB A B
D O AB A
23 What causes the red blood cells of John to clump when his blood is mixed with serum
from group A?
A Antibody a in the serum reacts with antigen A on the red blood cells.
B Antibody a in the serum reacts with antigen B on the red blood cells.
C Antibody b in the serum reacts with antigen B on the red blood cells.
D Antibody b in the serum reacts with antigen A on the red blood cells.

17
24 Long term kidney failure can be treated by introducing sterile dialysis fluid into the
abdominal cavity. The fluid is drained and replaced regularly using a tube inserted
surgically through the abdominal wall. Why does this method work well?
A It is because osmoregulation and excretion are achieved by diffusion

between the blood in the abdominal capillaries and the dialysis fluid.
B It is because osmoregulation and excretion are achieved by the

active transport of ions, water and urea between the abdominal capillaries
and the dialysis fluid.
C It is because the fluid is in direct contact with the kidneys and urea so that
excess ions can pass into it without being filtered by the glomeruli.
D It is because the fluid is in direct contact with the liver and the large intestine
so that waste and excess ions can pass into it from these organs.
25 The diagram shows the structures associated with a human kidney. What are the
relative concentrations of urea in X, Y and Z?
X Y Z
A high low high
B high low low
C low high high
D low high low

22
33 The table below shows the relative amounts of DNA found in different cells.
animal sperm cell/arbitrary units blood cell/arbitrary units

chicken 1.3 2.5
frog 3.7 7.3
human 3.3 7.3
trout 2.7 5.8
Which of these conclusions is incorrect?
A The amount of DNA in each cell is in proportion to the size of the animal.
B Not all animals have the same amount of DNA.
C The sperm cells have roughly half the number of chromosomes found in
blood cells.
D The amount of DNA in the same type of cells varies from animal to
animal.

26
39 A population of chipmunks migrated to an environment where they had little

competition. Their population quickly increases but eventually stabilised as shown in
the graph. Which statement best explains why the population stabilised?
A A predator species came to an area and occupied the same niche as the
chipmunks.
B An increase in the chipmunks population caused an increase in the

producer population.
C Interbreeding between members of the population increased the mutation

rate.
D The population size became limited due to factors such as availability of

food.
40 Consider the food chain below :
Tree caterpillar birds protozoa
Which of the following correctly illustrates the pyramid of biomass and pyramid of
numbers?
pyramid of biomass pyramid of numbers

Name: ………………………………………………….. ( ) Class: Sec 4A
Queenstown Secondary School

Biology
6093/02

Tuesday Duration: 1 hour 45 minutes
Additional Materials: Question Paper

Graph paper (1 sheet)

Write in dark blue or black pen.
Section A
Section B Examiner’s Use

Answer all three questions, the last question is in the form either/or.
Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Section A /50
Electronic calculators may be used. Section B /30
You are advised to spend no longer than one hour on Section A and no Q8
longer than 45 minutes on Section B.
At the end of the examination fasten all your work securely together. Q9
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question
or part question. Q10
TOTAL /80
Section A
1 An experiment was carried out with a plant over a period of three days to measure
the rate of water uptake by the plant. The table below shows the rate of the uptake
of water during the three days.
Day Time (Hour) Rate of Water Uptake (ml/hour)
Day 1 1200 10
2400 4
Day 2 1200 16
2400 4
Day 3 1200 9
2400 4
(a) Using the information obtained from the table above, account for the rate of
water uptake at midnight each day.
[2]
(b) Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of water uptake at 1200 on the
three days.
[3]
[Total: 5]
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2 Two rats X and Y, of equal weight but belonging to different species, were given the
same amount of food. They were kept in the same environmental conditions inside
the laboratory for three days. The average daily gain and loss of water by each rat is
shown in the following chart:
water gain water loss

Gain or loss of water (g per day)
Metabolic water sweat and urine faeces

expired air
Rat X Rat Y
(a) State two environmental conditions that should be kept constant

during the experimental period.
[2]
(b) (i) Briefly describe one way by which the rats obtain metabolic water.
[1]
(ii) What will be the result if the rats fail to maintain the water
balance?
[1]
(c) If rat X is forced to do vigorous exercise, what will be the change in

the amount of water lost in each of the three waste products?
Explain your suggestion.
[2]
[Total: 6]
3 Fig. 3.1 shows a food chain and the energy flow through it.
Fig. 3.1
(a) Calculate the energy values M and N.
M: [1]
N: [1]
(b) Which group of organisms might X belong to?
[1]
(c) Suggest two processes that might account for the loss of energy
from the organisms to the environment.
[2]
(d) Suggest why the herbivores lose more energy to the environment
than the plants.
[2]
[Total: 7]
4 Photomicrograph X shows the transverse section of the reproductive part of a plant.

Photomicrograph Y shows a magnified image of the cells found in the reproductive
structure.
Photomicrograph X Photomicrograph Y
Fig 4.1
(a) Identify structures X and Y.
X: [1]
Y: [1]
(b) (i) Name the type of cell division involved in the production of cells shown
in photomicrograph Y.
[1]
(ii) Explain the significance of the type of cell division you mentioned in (b)
(i).
[3]
(c) From the structure of Y, suggest how it is transferred from one reproductive
structure to another. Give a reason for your answer.
[2]
(d) Describe one similarity and difference between structure Y in plant and
human.
similarity
[1]
difference
[1]
[Total: 9]
(c) Potassium and bromide ions are absorbed into the plants by the roots. Explain
briefly the adaptations of the root hairs in order to carry out its function.
[2]
(d) Outline the route taken by the bromide ions as it travels from the roots to the
leaves.
[3]
[Total: 9]
10
6 In humans, the inherited disease, Huntington’s chorea, is caused by a dominant allele.

Answer the questions with reference to the following pedigree:
1 2
3 4 5 6 7
male with the disease female with the disease
normal male normal female
Fig. 6.1
(a) From the information given in Fig. 6.1, deduce the genotypes of individuals 1
and 2. Explain how you arrive at your answer.
individual 1: [1]
individual 2: [1]
explanation:
[1]
11
(b) What is the chance of a second child of the couple 6 and 7 being normal?
Explain your answer with the help of a genetic diagram.
[5]
(c) Suggest, if any, the possibility that individual 4 will have a child with the
Huntington chorea if she is married to a normal man.
[2]
[Total: 10]
12
7 The following graph shows the result of an experiment where strips of potato of
similar shape and size were immersed in sucrose solutions of different
concentrations.
(a) If the average initial mass of each potato strip is 3.2g, what is the average final
mass of the potato strip that has been immersed in the 0.5M sucrose solution?
[2]
(b) What is the water potential of the potato cell sap in terms of the concentration
of the sucrose solution? Give a reason for your answer.
[2]
[Total: 4]
13
Section B
Answer three questions in this section.
Q10 is in the form of an Either / Or format. Only one part should be answered.
8 Two different types of haemoglobin were extracted from a pregnant woman.

The percentage saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen is a measure of how
readily the haemoglobin binds with oxygen.
Table 8.1 shows the percentage saturation of haemoglobin at different partial

pressure of oxygen.
Table 8.1
Partial Pressure of oxygen / Kpa 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
% saturation of fetal 0 20 56 80 90 94 98
haemoglobin
% saturation of normal 0 12 36 66 82 90 96
haemoglobin
(a) Plot the percentage saturation of fetal and normal haemoglobin at

different partial pressure of oxygen on the grid.
[4]
14
(b) Using the graph above, describe and explain the trend shown by the
fetal haemoglobin and normal haemoglobin at different pressures of
oxygen.
[3]
(c) Describe how the fetus obtains oxygen from the mother during the
development of the fetus.
[3]
[Total: 10]
15
9 (a) The disease diabetes occurs commonly among obese people. One of the
symptoms is the presence of glucose in the urine. Describe a test to check
for the presence of glucose in the urine of diabetics.
[2]
(b) Diabetics are usually treated with daily insulin injections. Until recently,
the insulin used to treat diabetics was extracted from animals. Nowadays,
genetically engineered insulin is used widely for the treatment of diabetes.
(i) Use your knowledge of the basic principles of genetic engineering

to explain how genetically engineered insulin is produced.
[6]
16
(ii) Suggest two advantages of using genetically engineered insulin

to treat diabetes as compared to the insulin extracted from
animals.
[2]
[Total: 10]
17
10 EITHER
(a) Describe the main stages in the menstrual cycle of an unmarried female.
Explain how hormones help in controlling this cycle.
[6]
(b) "Upon successful fertilisation in a female mammal, the uterus plays a

very important role in the development of the embryo till its birth." How
true is this statement?
[4]
[Total: 10]
18
10 OR
(a) In extremely cold conditions people may get frostbite. This causes the
cells in the toes and fingers to die. Explain why this takes place even
though thick gloves, socks and shoes are worn.
[5]
(b) Explain why our body shiver in cold conditions and perspire in hot
weather conditions.
[5]
[Total: 10]
Name Class Index Number
UNITY SECONDARY SCHOOL

SECONDARY FOUR EXPRESS
BIOLO Y 6093/01 18 SEPTEMBER 2019
PAPER 1 1 HOUR
Additional Optical Answer Sheet

Materials :
This paper consists of 40 Multiple Choice Questions.

Answer ALL questions. For each question, there are four possible answers, A, B,
C and D. Choose the most appropriate answer and shade on the Optical Answer
Sheet (OAS) provided.
Write your name, class and shade your register number in the spaces on the OAS.
Do not fold nor use any correction fluid on the OAS. Read the instructions on the
OAS carefully.
The total number of mark for this paper is 40 marks.
This paper consists of 19 printed pages, including this cover page.
Sec 4E Biology P1 Page 1 of 19 USS PRELIMS 2019

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (40 Marks)
1 Mature red blood cells have no nucleus and no mitochondria. Which of the
following processes can be carried out by a mature red blood cell?
A Aerobic respiration
B Anaerobic respiration
C Cell division
D Protein synthesis
2 Strips of potato tuber tissue were immersed in distilled water or in sucrose

solutions of different concentrations. The graph shows the percentage change in
length of the strips.
Which statement best explains the change that occurred in the potato strips
immersed in 0.1 mol dm-3 sucrose solution?
A Sucrose molecules diffused into the potato cells.

B Sucrose molecules were actively transported into the potato cells.
C The water potential of the sucrose solution was less than the water potential
inside the cells.
D The water potential of the sucrose solution was higher than the water
potential inside the cells.

3 The diagram shows a blood capillary among tissue cells.
Which of the following best describes the movement of key substances in the
directions of the arrows P and Q?
P Q
A CO 2 ; through diffusion oxygen; through diffusion
B water; through osmosis oxygen; through diffusion
C oxygen; through diffusion CO 2 ; through diffusion
D oxygen; through diffusion water; through osmosis
4 A student carried out four food tests on a sample. The results are shown below.
test appearance of sample after test

iodine test blue black
biuret test light blue
emulsion test white emulsion
Benedict’s test green
What did the sample contain?
A glucose and protein

B glucose and sucrose
C starch and proteins
D starch and fats

11 Which of the following correctly describes how Organ Y is adapted for its function?
structural feature function

A acidic pH provides optimum pH for intestinal enzymes to function
B long maximises time for absorption
C presence of villi decreases surface area for absorption
D one-celled thick increases distance between intestinal lumen and blood
epithelium vessels for diffusion
12 Samples of digestive juices were obtained from 3 patients’ small intestines,

which were then tested for the presence of fats. The conditions faced by each
patient is shown below.
Patient 1 Patient 2 Patient 3

Pancreatic duct blocked No Yes Yes
Bile duct blocked No No Yes
Which of the following shows the most probable results from the test for the
presence of fats?

A negative positive positive
B positive positive negative
C positive negative positive
D negative negative positive
13 Which of the following explains why plants have a lower rate of photosynthesis
during wilting?
I. Wilted leaves have less surface area exposed to sunlight
II. Stomata size is reduced due to guard cells becoming turgid
III. Less water is available for photosynthesis
A I only
B I and II only
C I and III only
D I, II, and III

16 The diagram shows the graph of photosynthetic rate against light intensity.
What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis at regions 1 and 2?
Region 1 Region 2
A CO 2 concentration Light intensity
B CO 2 concentration Temperature
C Light intensity CO 2 concentration
D Light intensity Temperature
17 Which of the following features allow an artery to withstand the pressure of blood
flowing through it?
I. smooth endothelium
II. thick elastic layer in the artery wall
III. thick layer of muscles in the artery wall
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II, and III.

18 In a medical investigation, a dye was injected into the renal artery of a patient.
The dye was not filtered out of the blood in the kidneys.
Which chamber of the heart would be the first to receive blood with this dye in it?
A
D
19 A drug has been found to inhibit the effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What
would be the consequence of administering this drug to a healthy person?
A A smaller volume of urine would be formed.

B More proteins would be present in the urine.
C The person will become dehydrated.
D The urine concentration will increase.
20 Where does most reabsorption of water occur in the kidney?

A collecting duct
B distal convoluted tubule
C loop of Henle
D proximal convoluted tubule

22 Four processes that take place in the human body are listed.
I. absorption of amino acids through the villi

II. maintenance of constant body temperature
III. production of lactic acid in muscles
IV. regulation of blood glucose concentration
Which two processes are directly controlled by negative feedback?
A I and II
B I and IV
C II and III
D II and IV
23 The graph shows the relationship between the level of hormone X and blood
glucose within the human body.
Which of the following correctly identifies hormone X and explains its relationship
to blood glucose?
hormone X explanation
A insulin stimulates conversion of glycogen into glucose
B insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen
C adrenaline stimulates conversion of glycogen into glucose
D adrenaline stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen

24 What is the function of the iris in the mammalian eye?
A to alter the shape of the lens
B to control the amount of light entering the eye
C to focus light rays on the retina
D to protect the cornea from damage
25 The following events occur when a person is focusing on a near object.
1. lens become thicker

2. nerve impulses travel along optic nerve to the brain
3. photoreceptors are activated and nerve impulses are produced
4. nerve impulses transmitted to ciliary muscles via motor neurons
5. ciliary muscles contract and suspensory ligaments relax
What is the correct order of these events?
first last
A 3 2 5 4 1
B 3 5 2 4 1
C 3 4 5 2 1
D 3 2 4 5 1
26 Last night, Jane’s sister turned off the lights while the family was watching
television. Jane felt that the screen got brighter even though the actual brightness
had not been changed.
Which of the following accounts for Jane’s perception of the increase in brightness
of the screen?
A relaxation of the circular muscle of the iris
B relaxation of the radial muscle of the iris
C relaxation of ciliary muscles
D contraction of ciliary muscles

29 The graph shows the amount of DNA in the nuclei of cells dividing via meiosis.
DNA content /
arbitrary units
Y
time
Which stages do X and Y represent respectively?
A Metaphase I and Telophase I

B Prophase I and Telophase II
C Telophase I and Metaphase II
D Telophase I and Telophase II
30 The diagram below shows two flowers of the same species.

Which arrow represents cross-pollination?
A B
D
C

31 What is/are some of the advantage(s) of plants that undergo cross-pollination?

I. Results in greater variation of offspring.
II. Bisexual flowers are no longer necessary for pollination.
III. Chances of offspring surviving changes to environment are higher.
IV. Beneficial qualities are passed on from both parents to offspring.
A I only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D II and IV only
32 For which process is the pollen tube essential?
A for the cross-pollination of the flower

B for the dispersal of pollen grains from the anther
C to allow the male gamete to reach the ovule
D to provide a site for fertilisation to occur
33 The diagram shows a human sperm cell.
What does structure P always contain?
A an X chromosome
B a Y chromosome
C either an X or a Y chromosome
D both an X and a Y chromosome

34 A 1:1 phenotypic ratio in the offspring in a test cross for a monohybrid trait indicates
that .
A the alleles are dominant
B the alleles are co-dominant
C one parent must have been homozygous dominant
D one parent must have been a heterozygote
35 A study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of an herbicide over 6 years. A

fixed amount of herbicide was sprayed onto a field of weeds in January and the
percentage of weeds that survived was recorded in June.
The graph below shows the results of the study.

% of surviving weeds
1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992

Year
Which of the following processes explains the results?
A artificial selection
B genetic engineering
C natural selection
D mutation

36 A woman with blood group O and a man with blood group AB had children
together. Which statement about their children’s blood groups is correct?
A None of their children will have the same blood group as either parent.
B 50% of their children will have the same blood group as their mother.
C 50% of their children will have the same blood group as their father.
D All their children will have the same blood group.
37 Mr and Mrs P both suffer from a rare heart disease. Children who inherit two
copies of the dominant allele rarely survive beyond puberty.
What is the probability that their third child will not be affected?
A 0%
B 25 %
C 75 %
D 100%
38 Which of the following best explains why a food chain will usually not contain
more than five trophic levels?
A The amount of biomass is insufficient to support more levels.
B The amount of energy is insufficient to support higher levels.
C The number of organisms at higher levels will be too small.
D There are very few organisms that feed on carnivores.

The carbon cycle can be illustrated using the following diagram. Processes 1, 2, 3
and 4 represent the processes involved in the flow of carbon compounds.
Refer to the diagram to answer questions 39 and 40.
39 Which one of the following shows what each letter (J, K, L and M) could represent?
J K L M
A atmosphere grass decomposers sheep
B decomposers sheep atmosphere grass
C decomposers grass atmosphere sheep
D sheep atmosphere grass decomposers
40 Which one of the following would be likely to happen if process 4 does not
occur?
A The population of the grass would increase.
B Carbon cycling would occur in the reverse direction.
C Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere would decrease.
D The rate at which carbon dioxide is released would increase.
*** END OF PAPER ***


BIOLOGY 6093/02 18 SEPTEMBER 2019
PAPER 2 1 HOUR 45 MIN
Additional Nil
Materials :

Write your name, class and register number in the spaces provided on the
writing papers.
Answer both Section A and Section B.
Section A:
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question paper.
Section B:
Question 10 is in the form of an Either/Or question and only one alternative
should be attempted.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in the question paper.
The total mark for this paper is 80 marks.
Sec 4E Biology P2 Page 1 of 21 USS PRELIM 2019

Section A: Structured Questions (50 marks)
1 In the past, the insulin protein was derived from pigs and cattle. Currently,
bacterial plasmids are being utilised to produce human insulin for medical use.
Fig. 1.1 shows the stages involved in the insertion of the human insulin gene into
a bacterial plasmid.
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) State the substance that makes up the plasmid.
………………………………………….............................................. [1]
(ii) Name enzyme A and describe its role in insulin production.
…………………………………………...................................................
…………………………………………...................................................
…………………………………………...................................................
…………………………………………............................................... [2]

(iii) The sticky ends of the bacterial plasmid are complementary to the
sticky ends found on the human insulin gene.
With reference to Fig. 1.1, state the pair of base sequences on the
plasmid that would enable ligation of the human insulin gene.
………………………………………….............................................. [1]
(iv) Suggest one advantage of using bacterial plasmids to produce

insulin as compared to retrieving insulin from animal sources.
.............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Purified insulin from bacterial cells is injected into diabetic patients.
Explain how diabetic patients would benefit from this treatment.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
………………………………….................................................................. [3]
[Total: 8]

2 Fig. 2.1 shows the different stages in the life cycle of a plant.
Fig. 2.1
(a) (i) Identify the stage(s) at which meiosis has taken place.
...................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain 2 reasons why meiosis is important in reproduction.
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows an animal cell undergoing nuclear division.
Fig. 2.2
(i) Identify the stage of nuclear division that is taking place in Fig. 2.2.
...................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (i).
...........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) How would this process differ if it were occurring in a plant cell?
...........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]

3 Fig. 3.1 shows the rate of oxygen production in a plant at varying temperatures.
Fig. 3.1
(a) (i) State the word equation for photosynthesis.
...................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe and explain the shape of the graph in Fig. 3.1.
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The temperature of the air surrounding the plant has an effect on
transpiration rate.
(i) Explain how temperature affects the rate of transpiration.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain two ways through which wilting affects the rate of
photosynthesis.
1 ........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]

4 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a serious genetic condition in humans that results from the
failure to inherit the dominant allele of a particular gene. CF patients produce
excessive mucus that leads to respiratory infections and digestive problems.
Mrs Tan is a CF patient and genetic analysis of Mr Tan shows that he is a carrier
of the recessive CF allele. While they wished to have children, they were
discouraged by their doctor from doing so.
(a) (i) Use a fully labelled genetic diagram to show how cystic fibrosis may
be inherited by the children of Mr and Mrs Tan.
Use the letter D to represent the dominant allele and d to represent

the recessive allele.
[3]
(ii) With reference to the expected ratio of phenotypes in their children,

explain the doctor’s recommendation to Mr and Mrs Tan.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
..................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 4.1 shows a section of the human alimentary canal and its accessory
organs.
Fig. 4.1
(i) Name the region of the small intestine labelled C.
................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) One effect of cystic fibrosis is that the bile and pancreatic duct becomes
blocked with mucus.
Suggest why a person whose bile and pancreatic duct is blocked may find
it difficult to gain weight despite eating a balanced diet.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 8]

5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows the pressure changes in the left side of the heart for a single
heartbeat.
Fig. 5.1
(i) State the time when the aortic valve starts to open.
...................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) With reference to Fig. 5.1, describe and explain the pressure
changes in the left ventricle from 0.1 s to 0.3 s.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [3]

(iii) Explain why the ventricular pressure in the right side of the heart is
much lower during contraction as compared to the left side.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
..................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Fig. 5.2 shows the left side of a normal heart and the heart of a patient with
diastolic heart failure.
Fig. 5.2
Suggest why patients with diastolic heart failure often complain of

excessive tiredness.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 8]

6 Recently, microplastics have become a pollution concern for marine organisms.

Fig. 6.1 shows the interactions between organisms in a North American sea.
Nelms et. al., 2018. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117343294
Fig. 6.1
(ii) Draw a labelled diagram of a pyramid of biomass for the food chain
depicted in Fig. 6.1.
[2]

(a) (i) With reference to at least one organism in Fig. 6.1, explain what is
meant by the term trophic level.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Small fishes that directly consume these non-biodegradable microplastics

along with zooplankton are generally unaffected by it.
However, organisms higher up the food chain, such as seals and humans,
are at risk of toxic effects caused by the presence of microplastics in their
bodies.
Explain why this is so.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 7]

7 Fig. 7.1 shows the changes in the concentration of urine and the concentration
of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) in the blood plasma changes.
concentration
of urine
/ arbitrary units
concentration of ADH
in blood plasma /
arbitrary units
Fig. 7.1
(a) With reference to Fig. 7.1, describe and explain the relationship between
the concentration of ADH in the blood plasma and the concentration of
urine.
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) Explain how vigorous exercise may alter the concentration of ADH in the
blood.
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 6]

Section B: Free Response Questions (30 marks)

Question 10 is in the form of an Either/Or question and only one alternative should
be attempted.
8 An experienced sprinter was asked to run rapidly on a treadmill for eight

minutes.
Fig. 8.1 shows the number of breaths per minute the sprinter took over the
course of the experiment.
Fig. 8.1

(a) Compare the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [4]
(b) At the end of the experiment, the athlete reported that he was out of breath,
his heart was beating fast, and his leg muscles were aching.
With reference to Fig. 8.1, explain the athlete’s symptoms.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [6]
[Total: 10]

9 Two patterns of response by the human body towards stimuli of different nature
are outlined below.
Pattern A
stimulus receptor central nervous system effector action
Pattern B
stimulus receptor gland effector action
(a) With reference to one or both of the two patterns,
(i) describe the pathway of nerve impulses when a barefoot person steps
on a sharp nail.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................ [4]

(ii) describe the sequence of events which occur after a man consumes
a heavy meal rich in carbohydrates.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................ [4]
(b) Suggest the advantages that pattern B has over pattern A.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 10]

10 Either
(a) (i) The menstrual cycle is controlled by several hormones.
Use your knowledge of the role of these hormones in the menstrual

cycle to suggest why progesterone is a component of contraceptive
pills.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) The pill is ineffective in preventing the transmission of HIV. Why is

this so?
Suggest one way HIV transmission can be prevented during sexual

intercourse.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. It
attaches to the wall of the uterus, and gives rise to the umbilical cord.
(i) Explain why blood does not pass directly from the mother to the
foetus in the placenta.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Describe the role of the placenta during pregnancy.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 10]
10 Or
Antibodies are proteins secreted by specialised cells in the immune system to

fight pathogens that enter our bloodstream.
(a) Briefly outline the process of how an antibody protein is synthesised from
DNA.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [6]

(b) Describe the pathway taken by an antibody protein from the site of
production to the outside of the specialised cells.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [4]
[Total: 10]
***** End of Paper *****

Name: Index Class:

Number:
CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL

Preliminary Examination
Secondary 4
BIOLOGY 6093/01
Paper 1 Multiple Choice Monday 17 September 2018
1 hour

Write your name, index number and class on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has been done for you.
DO NOT WRITE ON THE MARGINS.
There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there
are four possible answer A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the
separate Answer Sheet.
For examiner’s use only: Paper 1 / 40
This paper consists of 17 printed pages.

[Turn over
43
1 The diagram shows the relationship between phloem sieve tube elements, xylem
vessel elements and companion cells.
Which is correct?
1 2 3 4 5
A companion endoplasmic phloem sieve nucleus xylem vessel
cells reticulum tube elements absent elements
B companion nucleus phloem sieve cytoplasm xylem vessel
cells tube elements elements
C phloem sieve mitochondria companion nucleus xylem vessel
tube elements cells elements
D xylem vessel cytoplasm phloem sieve vacuole companion
elements absent tube elements cells
2 The diagram below shows the structure of a plant cell as seen using an electron
microscope.
Which structures are involved in the process of enzyme synthesis within this cell?
A 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6
B 1, 3 and 6
C 2, 3, 5 and 6
D 3, 4 and 5
44
3 Some processes found in humans are listed.
1 contraction of muscles
2 tissue respiration
3 synthesis of proteins
4 movement of ions in blood plasma
5 exchange of gases in the air sacs
6 transmission of nerve impulses
Which processes does not require energy?
A 1, 4 and 5 only
B 3, 4 and 5 only
C 2, 4 and 5 only
D 2, 4 and 6 only
4 Beetroot cells contain a water-soluble red pigment. Two test tubes were set up
as described in the table.
tube A Pieces of washed raw beetroot in water

tube B Pieces of washed raw beetroot in water
containing 3 drops of cyanide, a respiratory
inhibitor.
After 30 minutes, the water in tube B contained a red pigment but the water in
tube A did not. Which of the following statements are incorrect for tube B?
1 Pigment molecules passed out and were replaced by cyanide.

2 The cell membrane was unable to retain the red pigment.
3 Water entered the tissue by osmosis and caused the cells to burst.
4 Water passed out of the cells by osmosis and carried the soluble
pigment with it.
5 The same result will occur if ethanol was used instead of cyanide.
A 1 and 3 only
B 3 and 4 only
C 2 and 5 only
D 1, 3 and 4 only
5 Which of the following statements describe the uses of lipids?
1 It acts as a shock-absorber which protects blood vessels.

2 It forms a heat insulating layer for mammal.
3 It acts as a food reserve because it is miscible with water.
4 It is an essential component of a cell membrane.
A 1 and 2
B 2 and 3
C 2 and 4
D 3 and 4
45
6 The data show the results of an investigation on osmosis using sticks of potato.
concentration of length of potato length of potato

sugar solution stick at start stick after 24 hours
/ mol per dm3 / mm / mm
0.6 60 54
Which statements explain this change in length?
movement of water cause of the movement

A into the potato cells The sugar solution has a higher
water potential than the potato cells.
B into the potato cells The sugar solution has a lower water
potential than the potato cells.
C out of the potato cells The sugar solution has a higher
water potential than the potato cells.
D out of the potato cells The sugar solution has a lower water
potential than the potato cells.
7 When a lake begins to freeze, which properties of water are needed for fish to
survive?
1 Water has a high surface tension.

2 Water has a high latent heat of vaporisation.
3 Water has a high thermal capacity.
4 Water has its maximum density at 4°C.
1 2 3 4
A
B
C
D
46
8 An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature on the

activity of the enzyme β-glucosidase. The enzyme was tested when in solution
(free) and when immobilised in alginate beads. The results are shown in the
graph below.
Which statement about the effect of immobilisation of β-glucosidase is correct?
A It increases the kinetic energy of the enzyme.

B It inhibits the activity of the enzyme.
C It reduces the optimum temperature of the enzyme.
D It stabilises the enzyme against denaturation.
9 The graph below shows curve X which represents the activity of an enzyme at
20°C.
Which curve represents the activity when the temperature is raised to 30°C and
more substrate added?
A (1)
B (2)
C (3)
D (4)
47
10 What are the characteristics of the lipase used in digestion?
source optimum pH substrate

A pancreas 8 lipid
B small intestines 8 lipid
C stomach 2 sucrose
D liver 8 lipid
11 The diagram below shows the circulatory system in a human body.
After a lunch meal, what happens to blood vessel M when compared with that of
blood vessel N?
1. Blood vessel M carries more oxygen.

2. Blood vessel M carries less carbon dioxide.
3. Blood vessel M carries more digested food.
A 1 only is correct
B 2 and 3 only are correct
C 1 and 2 only are correct
D 1, 2 and 3 are correct
48
12 Translocation is the process whereby manufactured food is transported from

photosynthesizing parts of the plant to other parts of the plant that requires the
food. What are the main forms of food which are commonly translocated?
1 amino acids
2 glucose
3 starch
4 sucrose
A 1 only
B 1 and 2 only
C 1 and 4 only
D 1, 2 and 4 only
13 The graph below shows the net output of oxygen in spinach leaves as light
intensity is increased. Temperature is kept constant during the experiment.
Which one of the following conclusions can be made based on the graph?
A At point T photosynthesis is no longer occurring.

B The optimal level of light intensity for photosynthesis is 40 AU.
C At point S the amount of oxygen output is a third of that at point P.
D Below 10 AU of light intensity the aerobic respiration rate is greater than
the photosynthesis rate.
49
19 The diagram shows the external structure of the heart.
In which two vessels would a deposit of cholesterol increase the likelihood of

coronary thrombosis?
A 1 and 2
B 3 and 4
C 5 and 6
D 7 and 8
20 Which substances are formed during anaerobic respiration in animals and yeast?
animals yeast
A alcohol alcohol and lactic acid
B alcohol and carbon dioxide alcohol
C lactic acid alcohol and carbon dioxide
D lactic acid and water lactic acid
21 The graph shows the relationship between the average age at death and the
number of cigarettes smoked per day.
Which of the following is a correct conclusion from the graph?
A Most people smoking 30 cigarettes a day die from lung cancer.

B Most people living longer than 74 years are non-smokers.
C Non-smokers live at least 4.5 years longer than people who smoke.
D People smoking five cigarettes a day live longer than those smoking 15
cigarettes a day.
52
22 The diagram shows some of the reactions of carbon dioxide when it enters the
blood from cells in a metabolically active tissue. Which reaction is catalysed by
the enzyme carbonic anhydrase?
23 Some effects of smoking are listed.
1 paralyses cilia
2 increases heart rate
3 increases mucus production
4 is addictive
5 reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood
6 emphysema
Which effects are caused by nicotine?
A 1, 2 and 5
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 4
D 3, 4 and 6
24 The table shows the composition of a liquid found in the human body.
component concentration / arbitrary units

amino acids 0.00
glucose 0.00
proteins 0.00
salts 1.50
urea 2.00
In a healthy person, which structure contains this liquid?
53
25 The diagram shows an example of homeostasis in a person.
Which two letters represent negative feedback changes?
A W and X
B W and Y
C X and Z
D Y and Z
26 What happens when the core temperature of the body increases?
diameter of surface
urine production
blood vessels
A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases
27 Which type of cell stimulates the release of adrenaline?
A muscle cell
B adrenal gland
C red blood cell
D motor neurone
28 Which of the following statements about insulin is correct?
A Its secretion is controlled by the pituitary gland.

B It stimulates liver cells to take up glucose from the blood.
C It is transported out of the pancreas through the pancreatic duct.
D It catalyses the conversion of excess glucose to glycogen in the liver.
54
29 A boy draws a dot and a cross as shown.
He closes his right eye and looks at the cross with his left eye. He brings the
drawing towards him until the dot disappears. Where does the image of the dot
fall when it has disappeared?
30 An experiment was set up using four groups of insect-pollinated flowers in a field.

In each group different parts of the flower were removed as shown below and
insects were allowed to visit all the flowers.
Which group would produce most seeds?
group of
petals stigmas anthers
flowers
A left left removed
B removed left left
C left removed removed
55
31 A woman gave birth to a pair of twins P and Q. The diagram below shows their
formation.
Which of the following characters of P and Q must be the same if they are brought
up under the same environmental conditions?
1 sex
2 height
3 blood group
A 1 only
B 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2 and 3 only
32 The diagram shows the result of the examination of a single cell from a woman’s
fetus.
Which of the following deductions are correct?
1 The cell is undergoing cell division.

2 The fetus is a male.
3 The fetus has a genetic disorder.
A 2 and 3 only
B 1 and 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3
56
33 Purple or white flowers can be seen in a particular plant species. In this species,
the colour of the flower is controlled by one gene.
In experiments to investigate the inheritance of flower colour in this plant species,

four crosses were carried out. The phenotypes of the parents in each cross were
recorded. In each cross, 40 offspring were produced. The phenotypes of the
offspring were recorded and the results are displayed in the table below.
Cross Phenotype of Phenotype of Number of offspring and

Parent 1 Parent 2 their phenotypes
1 purple white 40 purple offspring
2 purple purple 31 purple and 9 white offspring
3 white white 40 white offspring
4 purple white 21 purple and 19 white
offspring
From the information given, it can be stated that
A both parents in cross 1 are homozygous.

B the two parents with white flowers in cross 3 will have different
genotypes.
C one parent in cross 2 will be heterozygous and the other parent will be
homozygous.
D the parent with purple flowers in cross 1 will have the same genotype as
the parent with purple flowers in cross 4.
34 The pedigree chart below shows the inheritance of a recessive condition known
as human albinism. Only homozygous recessive individuals are albinos.
What is the probability of individual 9 being a heterozygous carrier?
A 0.00
B 0.25
C 0.50
D 1.00
57
35 What describes two alleles of the same gene?
relative position occupied characteristic

on chromosome controlled
A different different
B different same
C same different
D same same
36 Which statements about homologous chromosomes are correct?
1 They form pairs during mitosis.

2 They are not present in all cells.
3 They contain identical genes and alleles.
4 X and Y sex chromosomes are not homologous chromosomes.
5 They are inherited from the different parents.
6 They are two chromatids that are joined together to form one
chromosome.
A 2 and 5
B 2, 3 and 5
C 1, 2 and 4
D 1, 3 and 6
37 A single substitution in an allele of the gene coding for haemoglobin results in

sickle cell haemoglobin. The mRNA sequence for three amino acids for normal
haemoglobin is shown.
CCUGAAGAG
The mRNA sequence for sickle cell haemoglobin is shown.
CCUGUAGAG
The table shows some of the triplet codes for two amino acids.
DNA triplet codes amino acid

CTC Glu
CTT Glu
CAT Val
CAC Val
Which row is correct for the substituted DNA nucleotide of the allele and the
substituted amino acid of the protein?
DNA new amino

nucleotide acid
A A Glu
B A Val
C T Glu
D T Val
58
38 In what order do the following processes occur to produce a population of

bacteria that are resistant to a new antibiotic?
1 change in reproductive success of bacteria

2 increase in frequency of the resistance allele in the population
3 increase in genetic variation within the population
4 random mutation occurs in bacterial DNA
A 1 3 2 4
B 2 1 3 4
C 3 4 1 2
D 4 3 1 2
39 Four water samples are collected from different places along a river. The average
number of organisms per species and the number of different species of
organisms are counted. The table shows the results. Which water sample is most
polluted?
average number of number of

organisms per species species
A 650 5
B 280 30
C 400 17
D 420 43
40 The diagram shows a sewage treatment plant.
In which parts do aerobic and anaerobic bacteria become most active to help to
digest sewage?
aerobic bacteria anaerobic bacteria

A 1 2
B 2 4
C 3 4
D 3 5
59
Name: Index Number: Class:
CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL

Preliminary Examination A
Secondary 4
BIOLOGY 6093/02
Paper 2 Thursday 13 September 2018
1 hour 45 minutes
Additional Materials: -
Write your name, index number and class on all the work you hand in.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
DO NOT WRITE ON THE MARGINS.
Section A
Section B
For examiner’s use only: Section A / 50

Section B / 30
This paper consists of 17 printed pages.

[Turn over
60
Section A
Write your answer in the spaces provided.
1 Some young grass plants were grown with their roots in a mineral solution that
contained nitrate ions. The plants were divided into two batches, N and P.
Cyanide, which inhibits aerobic respiration, was added to the solution given to the
plants in batch P.
The quantity of nitrate ions in the plants was determined at regular intervals for 70
hours. After 60 hours, the mineral solution was replaced by distilled water. The results
are shown in Fig. 1.1.
Fig. 1.1
Using the data in Fig. 1.1,
(a) calculate the rate of absorption of nitrate ions in batch N between 40 [2]
and 60 hours. Show your working.
mg per hour
61
(b) explain why the absorption of nitrate ions by the plants in batch N differs [4]
from that in batch P;
(c) explain why the mean quantity of nitrate ions in both batches of plants [2]
decreased after 60 hours.
[Total: 8 marks]
2 (a) State the name of one excretory substance, that is removed by the [2]
kidneys, that contains nitrogen. Explain why it is excreted.
name
explanation
(b) Blood is filtered as it flows through the kidneys.

(i) State the name of the structure within a kidney that filters the blood. [1]
(ii) State two components of blood that do not pass through the filter. [1]
2
62
(c) The filtrate which is formed from the blood in the kidneys contains many
useful substances, which are reabsorbed into the blood. Fig. 2.1 is a
photomicrograph of a cross-section of some of the cells that carry out
reabsorption.
Fig. 2.1
(i) Complete the table by stating the letter in Fig. 2.1 that identifies each [2]
structure.
structure letter on Fig. 2.1
microvilli
nucleus
mitochondrion
63
(ii) The cells that line the kidney tubules, such as those in Fig. 2.1, absorb [5]
many compounds from the filtrate. Use Fig. 2.1 to explain how the cells
are adapted for absorption.
[Total: 11 marks]
3 Fig. 3.1 is a transmission electron micrograph of a section through a blood vessel.
Fig. 3.1
(a) State the type of blood vessel shown in Fig. 3.1 and give two reasons [3]
for your choice.
type of blood vessel
reason 1
reason 2
64
(b) Fig. 3.2 is a graph showing how the blood pressure in the pulmonary artery
and in the right ventricle changes during one cardiac cycle.
Fig. 3.2
Use Fig. 3.2 to state the time at which:

(i) the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery [1]
closes
(ii) the ventricle begins to contract. [1]
(iii) State and explain the similarities and differences between Fig. [4]
3.2 and a graph showing how the blood pressure for the left
ventricle changes during the same cardiac cycle.
[Total: 9 marks]
65
4 Fig. 4.1 shows a potometer that is used for measuring rates of water uptake by leafy
shoots.
Fig. 4.1
A student used the potometer shown in Fig. 4.1 to investigate the rate of water uptake
of a leafy shoot under six different sets of conditions. The student changed two
environmental conditions around the plant:
ï temperature
ï wind speed.
For each experiment, the apparatus was left in the conditions until the rate of water
uptake by the leafy shoot became constant. The student took several measurements
during each experiment and calculated the mean rate of movement of the gas bubble.
The results are recorded in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1
experiment temperature / °C wind speed mean rate of movement
of gas bubble / mm h–1
1 15 low 12
2 15 high 22
3 25 low 24
4 25 high 45
5 35 low 64
6 35 high 120
66
(a) Using the data in Table 4.1, describe and explain the effect of the two [5]
conditions that the student changed during the investigation on the rate of
water uptake.
temperature
wind speed
The rate of water movement up the leafy shoot was measured before it was cut from
the plant. The rate was found to be less than the rate of water uptake from the
potometer when kept in the same temperature and windspeed conditions.
(b) Suggest why the rate of water movement in an intact shoot is less than [2]
that measured in the potometer.
[Total: 7 marks]
67
5 Fig. 5.1 shows part of a DNA molecule.
Fig. 5.1
(a)(i) Name U to X. [3]
(ii) Name the bonds indicated by Z. [1]
(b) Describe three features of a polypeptide molecule that are different [3]
from those found in a DNA molecule.
[Total: 7 marks]
68
6 Resistance to the widely used poison warfarin is now extremely common in rats.
Warfarin interacts with vitamin K to prevent its normal functions in the blood clotting
mechanism.
Normal rats fed on warfarin suffer a fatal haemorrhage. Resistant rats apparently do
not use vitamin K in the same way and maintain normal blood clotting times, even
when they have eaten large amounts of warfarin. Warfarin resistance in rats is
determined by a single dominant allele. Animals carrying the allele for resistance need
large quantities of vitamin K.
genotype resistance to warfarin quantities of vitamin K required

homozygous recessive not resistant normal
(susceptible)
heterozygous resistant slightly higher
homozygous dominant resistant extremely large
When warfarin is used continually the percentage of resistant rats remains at about
50% of the total rat population.
(a) Using the symbols R for the allele that confers warfarin resistance and [4]
r for the allele that produces no resistance, draw a genetic diagram to
explain how resistant rats can produce warfarin susceptible offspring.
69
(b) Suggest why homozygous dominant rats are unlikely to survive in the [1]
wild.
(c) Describe how natural selection operates to maintain the proportion of [3]
resistant rats at about 50% of the total population.
[Total: 8 marks]
- End of Section A -
70
Section B
7 Fig. 7.1 shows a woman on a stationary bicycle. The mask fitted over her nose and
mouth measures the composition of the air she breathes out.
Fig. 7.1
Table 7.1 shows the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air expired by the woman
in the five minutes after she stopped exercising.
Table 7.1
time / min percentage concentration
of carbon dioxide / %
0 6.0
1 5.6
2 4.8
3 4.4
4 4.3
5 4.3
72
(a)(i) Plot the data on the graph paper below. [4]
(ii) Describe and explain the results of the investigation. [6]
73
(b) Explain why exercise is recommended for people with a high risk of [2]
developing coronary heart disease.
[Total: 12 marks]
8 The flowers of pea plants can be pollinated by bees.

(a) State three features of flowers that would attract insects such as bees. [3]
1.
2.
3.
(b) Successful pollination results in fertilisation. Describe the events that [5]
occur after pollen grains leave the anther of a flower until fertilization
takes place.
[Total: 8 marks]
74
9 Either
(a) Describe how named components of the nervous system are involved in [6]
producing a reflex action.
(b) Describe one example of a simple reflex action and explain the importance [4]
to the body of this action.
[Total: 10 marks]
75
9 Or
(a) Insulin is a hormone that is secreted by the pancreas.
(i) Define the term hormone. [3]
(ii) Describe the role of insulin in the body. [4]
(b) Explain how blood flow in the skin helps to maintain a constant body [3]
temperature in very hot conditions.
[Total: 10 marks]
76
Name: ............................................................. ( )
ASSUMPTION ENGLISH SCHOOL

BIOLOGY
6093 / 01
ASSUMPTION ENGLISH SCHOOL ASSUMPTION ENGLISH SCHOOL ASSUMPTION ENGLISH SCHOOL ASSUMPTION ENGLISH SCHOOL
LEVEL: Sec 4 Express DATE: 2 September 2019
CLASS: Sec 4/2 DURATION: 1 hour
Additional Materials provided: 1 sheet of OAS paper
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so.
Write your NAME and INDEX NUMBER at the top of this page and on the OAS paper.
Shade your index number on the OAS paper.
PAPER 1 (40 marks)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
There are 40 questions in this paper. Answer all questions. For each question,
there are four possible answers A, B, C and D.
At the end of the examination, hand in your OAS paper and question booklet
separately.
This Question Paper consists of 17 printed pages including this page.

[Turn over
2
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS [40 marks]

For each question, there are four possible answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in the OAS paper
provided.
1 Four statements about mitochondria are listed as shown. Which statements are
correct?
1 Detoxification of metabolic waste takes place in the mitochondria.

2 The main function of mitochondria is to synthesise proteins.
3 There is a high concentration of mitochondria in root hair cells to assist the
roots to take in water.
4 There is a lower concentration of oxygen in the mitochondria as compared
to the cytoplasm near the cell membrane.
A 1 and 2 only
B 1, 3 and 4 only
C 3 and 4 only
D 4 only
2 Which sequence shows the correct order of increasing size and complexity?
A cells organelles organs tissues systems

B cells tissues organelles organs systems
C organelles cells tissues organs systems
D tissues cells organs organelles systems
3 What can be found in a mature red blood cell?
A antibodies and mitochondria

B carbonic anhydrase and cell membrane
C cell membrane and nucleus
D haemoglobin and fibrinogen
6093/01/4E/PRELIMS/19
4
6 Which element in the molecule of urea shows that it is formed from amino acids
and not from glucose?
A carbon
B hydrogen
C nitrogen
D oxygen
7 Potato contains a nutrient which is broken down by amylase when inside the
human alimentary canal. Which test would detect this nutrient?
A Benedict’s test
B biuret test
C ethanol emulsion test
D iodine test
8 In an experiment, 15 g of boiled egg white was mixed with protease solution.

After 1 hour at 15 °C, 5 g of protein was digested. The experiment was repeated
at 25 °C and again at 60 °C. How much protein was broken down in the second
and third experiments respectively?
experiment 2 experiment 3
(at 25 °C) (at 60 °C)
A 5g 0g
B 5g 10 g
C 10 g 0g
D 10 g 15 g
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8
16 The diagram shows a section through the heart. When X and Y are undergoing
systole, which valves are opened and which are closed?
valves 1 and 2 valves 3 and 4

A closed closed
B closed opened
C opened closed
D opened opened
17 Which is the shortest route that can be taken by blood travelling from a leg to an
arm in the body?
A leg heart lungs heart arm

B leg liver heart lungs arm
C leg lungs heart liver arm
D leg lungs heart lungs arm
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10
20 The table shows the flow rate and concentration of protein and urea in the blood
vessel leading into a kidney glomerulus in a healthy person.
Concentration / g per 100 cm3

Total flow rate / cm3 min-1
Protein Urea
1000 7.40 0.03
What are the correct figures for the fluid in the collecting duct?
Concentration / g per 100 cm3

Total flow rate / cm3 min-1
Protein Urea
A 10 0.00 1.75
B 10 7.40 0.03
C 1000 0.00 1.75
D 1000 7.40 0.03
21 Which response is not due to homeostasis?
A enlargement of iris
B increase in glucose production when blood glucose level is low
C increase in permeability of collecting duct of kidney tubules
D shivering in cold weather
22 Which statement about voluntary actions is not true?
A Motor neurones are always involved in transmitting impulses to effectors.

B Relay neurones will transmit nerve impulses to the motor neurons.
C Sensory neurones will always send nerve impulses to the brain.
D Voluntary actions are always coordinated by the brain.
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15
33 A mutation sometimes occur in humans which causes each hand to have six
fingers. The diagram shows how this condition is inherited in a family.
What does the family tree show about the mutated allele?
A It could be dominant or recessive.

B It is co-dominant.
C It is dominant.
D It is recessive.
34 Which fertilisation would result in a male child with Down syndrome?
chromosomes in chromosomes in
ovum sperm
A 22 + 1 X 22 + 1 Y
B 22 + 1 X 23 + 1 Y
C 23 + 1 Y 22 + 1 X
D 23 + 1 Y 23 + 1 X
35 Which phrase describes a gene?
A a pair of alleles
B a sequence of nucleotides
C a whole DNA molecule
D the chain of alleles on a chromosome
6093/01/4E/PRELIMS/19
Looking For A Home Tutor? Contact Singapore's #1 Tuition Agency @ +65 9695 3522 [Turn Over
Name: ....................................................... ( )
ASSUMPTION ENGLISH SCHOOL

BIOLOGY
6093 / 02
LEVEL: Sec 4 Express DATE: 3 September 2019
CLASS: Sec 4/2 DURATION: 1 hour 45 minutes
Additional Materials provided: NIL
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so.
Write your NAME and INDEX NUMBER at the top of this page.
SECTION A (50 marks) For Examiner’s Use

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Paper 1 /40
Paper 2 /50
SECTION B (30 marks) Section A
FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS Paper 2
Answer three questions in this section in the spaces /30
Section B
provided.
Question 3 is in the form of an Either / Or question. Paper 3 /40
Only one of the alternatives should be answered.
Total /160
Overall /100
This Question Paper consists of 18 printed pages including this page.

[Turn over
2
SECTION A – STRUCTURED QUESTIONS (50 marks)

Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
1 The figure below shows some chemical molecules found in the human body
and how they are joined to form larger molecules.
P
(a) Identify molecules P, Q, R and S.
P: …………………………………… Q: ……………………………………
R: …………………………………… S: …………………………………… [2]
(b) (i) State a test that a student can use to test for the presence of S in a
liquid sample of food.
……………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) Describe how this test is carried out and the observations that can
confirm the presence of S in the food.
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….... [2]
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4
(c) Which labelled part(s) J, K, L and / or M will be tested positive for

radioactive phosphate ions? Explain your answer.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................... [3]
3 The diagram shows a section through a small surface wound to the skin.
(a) Name cell O and the type of blood vessel P shown in the diagram.
O: ........................................... P: ........................................... [2]
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5
(b) Explain what is happening to the bacteria at M and N.
M: ………………....……………………………...................…………………..
.…………….……………………………………...................…………………..
N: ………………....……………………………...................…………………..
.…………….……………………………………...................………………….. [2]
(c) Explain how the wound is being sealed in the region under the scab.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) (i) Complete the table by circling the changes in concentration of

glucose and oxygen after passing through blood vessel P.
concentration after
substance
passing through P
higher / lower /
glucose
remain the same
higher / lower /
oxygen
remain the same
[1]
(ii) Explain the changes in the concentration of oxygen and glucose, if

any, in part (d)(i).
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2]
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7
5 Four girls, who were adopted and brought up by different sets of foster parents,
were brought together after their step-parents realised that they may be long
lost siblings and had the same biological parents. The following data were
recorded after they met up with each other.
Amy Bernadette Christie Diane

height / cm 168 168 160 165
weight / kg 52 57 67 57
blood type O AB O A
(a) Group the characteristics (height, weight, and blood type) into the table
below.
continuous variation discontinuous variation
[1]
(b) Two of the girls are identical twins. Identify the girls and give a reason for
your answer.
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
………………………………….………………….................…………………. [1]
(c) The girls got together to search for their biological parents. They narrowed
the search to 4 couples. The blood types of the couples are as shown.
father mother
couple 1 A B
couple 2 AB AB
couple 3 A AB
couple 4 O AB
6093/02/4E/PRELIMS/19
8
(i) Which couple do you think are the biological parents of the four
girls? Explain your answer.
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) All the couples listed in (c)(i) had brown eyes. Bernadette and Diane
had brown eyes as well while Christie was found to have blue eyes.
The allele for brown eyes is a dominant allele over the allele for blue
eyes. What is the probability that Amy has blue eyes?
.......................................................................................................... [1]
6 The diagram shows parts of an insect-pollinated and a wind-pollinated flower.
P Q R S T
Fig. 6.1
(a) Using the letters P, Q, R, S and T, list the parts that are from
the insect-pollinated flower: ........................................................................
the wind-pollinated flower: .......................................................................... [2]
6093/02/4E/PRELIMS/19
9
(b) Explain how the structure of R helps it to carry out its function.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) The diagram shows a pollen grain with its pollen tube.
(i) On Fig. 6.1, use a line labelled L to show exactly where the pollen
grain as shown is found. [1]
(ii) Explain how the pollen tube shown in the diagram is formed.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2]
(d) State and explain the difference between a nucleus in a pollen grain and
a nucleus in a cell in structure S.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................... [2]
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13
(b) (i) Plot a graph to show the results of the experiment.
[3]
(ii) Using the graph, state the pH of the mixture after 5 minutes.
........................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Using the ‘lock and key’ hypothesis, explain the results of the experiment.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................... [3]
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14
(d) Describe and explain how the experiment results will change if no bile
salts were added.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
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15
2 (a) Describe what is meant by the term mutation.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(b) The familiar orange-pink colour of salmon (a type of fish) flesh is due to a
gene that allows salmon to process carotene, a type of protein, found in its
diet. In the wild, about 1 in 20 salmon are white fleshed. White flesh in
salmon is a recessive trait. A salmon breeder wanted to find out the
genotype of his orange-pink colour salmon. Suggest how he could
determine the genotype with the help of clearly labelled genetic
diagram(s).
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................... [4]
6093/02/4E/PRELIMS/19
16
(c) Scientists have genetically modified salmon to grow faster. They have
taken a gene from the ocean pout (another type of fish) and inserted it into
salmon. The pout gene permanently ‘switches on’ the salmon gene to
make growth hormone, allowing the salmon to grow all year round instead
of only in spring and summer. The resulting genetically modified (GM)
salmon grows to maturity in 18 months instead of 3 years and appears to
be larger than its wild-type counterparts.
Outline the procedure by which scientists combine the ocean pout gene
with a bacterial plasmid to form a recombinant DNA which is reintroduced
into bacterial cells. (The recombinant DNA is eventually inserted into
salmon DNA to create GM salmon).
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................... [4]
6093/02/4E/PRELIMS/19
17
EITHER
3 (a) Define homeostasis.
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................………………….. [1]
(b) Explain what is meant by negative feedback.
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................………………….. [2]
(c) Describe how the various parts of the human skin work together to prevent
the body from overheating when a person is under the sun.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................………………….. [7]
6093/02/4E/PRELIMS/19
18
OR
3 (a) Describe how the nephron is involved in the production of urine.
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................………………….. [6]
(b) Describe and explain how the kidneys perform their roles as
osmoregulators when a person drinks a large volume of water.
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................…………………..
…………………………………………………….................………………….. [4]
- End of Paper -
6093/02/4E/PRELIMS/19
Class Register Number Name
BARTLEY SECONDARY SCHOOL
O-LEVEL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS
BIOLOGY 6093/01
Sec 4 Express
Paper 1 Multiple Choice 23 Sep 2019

1 hour
Candidates answer on the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet.
Write your class, register number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in soft pencil on the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
There are forty questions in this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers,
A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Multiple Choice Answer
Sheet.
At the end of the examination, submit the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet.

Set by: LMY [Turn over
2
1 Specialised cells from the human gut produce lipases.

What are the most likely features of this cell?
1 It has less mitochondria than RER.
2 It has less RER than SER.
3 It has more Golgi bodies compared to a human cheek cell.
4 It requires a high supply of amino acids.
2 The diagram below shows four human cells W, X, Y and observed from electron micrographs.
W X Y
Which row matches the cells to their correct functions?
carry oxygen phagocytosis produce antibodies secrete enzymes
A W Y X
B X W Y
C Y W X
D X Y W
Looking
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3 An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of surface area to volume ratio on
diffusion.
A block of agar containing sodium hydroxide solution and Universal Indicator solution was cut
into three smaller blocks of different sizes, as shown in the diagrams below. All dimensions are
in centimetres.
The blocks were placed in a solution of 0.1 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid. As the hydrochloric acid
diffused into each block, a colour change was observed. The time taken for each block to
change its colour completely was recorded.
Which statement is correct?
A Although H and G have equal volumes, it will take less time for G to change colour
completely.
B H will take more time than G to change colour completely, as H has a larger surface area
for each unit of volume.
C The length, width and breadth of F are double that of G. Compared to G, this halves the
surface area to volume ratio and increases the time taken for F to change colour
completely.
D The smaller the surface area of a block, the longer the time taken to change colour
completely.
Looking
[Turn Over
4
4 The diagram represents apparatus used to investigate osmosis.
Which molecules will move across the partially permeable membrane and which change will
occur in the solution level?
solution
molecules
level
A starch fall
B starch rise
C water fall
D water rise
5 A mixture of glucose and amylase solution is tested with Benedict’s solution, biuret solution and
iodine solution.
Which colours are obtained?
Benedict’s solution biuret solution iodine solution
A blue blue blue-black
B blue blue brown
C red purple brown
D red purple blue-black
Looking
5
6 A dish is filled with agar jelly containing starch. Four holes are cut in the jelly and each hole is
filled as shown.
After 30 minutes, the wells are tested with iodine solution.

A All wells will be surrounded by an area of blue-black stain except well 1.
B Wells 1 and 4 will have the largest area with yellow stain.
C Well 2 will have a larger area with blue-black stain than well 3.
D Well 4 will have a larger area with yellow stain than well 3.
7 What are the advantages of chewing food at the start of digestion?
increasing lubricating making food

surface area food soluble
B key
yes
C
no
D
Looking
[Turn Over
6
8 The diagram shows a bolus of food moving along the oesophagus.
Which row describes the condition of the muscles at P, Q, R and S?
P Q R S
A contracted relaxed contracted relaxed
B contracted relaxed relaxed contracted
C relaxed contracted contracted relaxed
D relaxed contracted relaxed contracted
The figure below shows the human digestive system. Study the diagram carefully and answer
questions 9 and 10.
Looking
8
12 In which combination of environmental conditions are the stomata of a plant most likely to
close?
atmospheric soil water wind

humidity potential speed
A high low high
B high low low
C low high high
D low low high
Use the graph below to answer Questions 13 and 14.

The graph shows the pressure changes that occur in the left side of the human heart during the
cardiac cycle. Labels 1 to 4 indicate the points at which a valve opens or shuts.
Looking
10
16 In a muscle, which two substances show net movement from the tissue fluid into the plasma?
A carbon dioxide and glucose
B carbon dioxide and lactic acid
C glucose and oxygen
D lactic acid and oxygen
17 An experiment is set up as shown.
After four hours, the coloured water will

A be higher in tube 1 than in tube 2.
B be higher in tube 2 than in tube 1.
C have gone down by the same amount in both tubes.
D have gone up by the same amount in both tubes.
18 In the human breathing system, which features maintain the carbon dioxide gradient between
the alveoli and the outside air?
1 blood continually pumped to the alveoli
2 breathing in and out
3 moist alveolar surfaces
4 thin alveolar walls
Looking
11
19 Why is glucose found in the urine of diabetics?

A increased uptake and use of glucose by the body cells
B not enough glucose in the blood is converted to glycogen
C stored fats in the body are being oxidised
D too little glucose is absorbed by the Loop of Henle
20 Where does most reabsorption of water occur in the kidney in humans?

A collecting ducts
B distal convoluted tubules
C loops of Henle
D proximal convoluted tubules
21 Which process is not a result of negative feedback?

A A decrease in the surrounding temperature leads to a decrease in blood flow through the
skin surface.
B A decrease in the surrounding temperature leads to a decrease in respiration rate.
C A decrease in the surrounding temperature leads to a decrease in sweating.
D A decrease in the surrounding temperature leads to shivering.
Looking
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12
22 The diagram below shows a transverse section of the spinal cord with spinal nerves.
Nerve impulses in neurones can travel in the following directions.

1 away from the central nervous system
2 towards the central nervous system
3 within the central nervous system
In which direction do impulses in neurones R, T and U travel?
R T U
A 1 2 3
B 1 3 2
C 2 3 1
D 2 1 3
Looking
13
23 A person is sitting in a darkened room. After five seconds, a light is turned on. Five seconds
after that, the light is turned off again.
Which graph shows the changes in the diameters of the pupils?
24 The diagram shows the curvature of the lens in a person’s eye.

The shape of the lens changes as the person watches two motorbikes go past at different
speeds.
During which period was a motorbike moving towards the person at the higher speed?
Looking
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14
25 The graph shows changes in blood glucose concentration when a body responds to an external
stimulus.
A student considers the following hormones.

1 adrenaline
2 glucagon
3 insulin
Which option shows the correct substance(s) responsible for the change in blood glucose
concentration in the first 30 minutes?
26 Some plant species have evolved flowers suited to pollination by certain hawk moths, which are
fluid-feeders. These moths have a high energy demand, feed at night and hover in front of the
flowers while they feed.
Which flower characteristic is most likely to be possessed by a plant species that is pollinated
by these hawk moths?
A brightly coloured petals and high pollen production
B flower parts shaped to resemble the female hawk moth
C production of odours during the day that mimic rotting flesh
D white petals with high nectar production
Looking
15
27 The first day of menstrual loss in a woman was 1 February.

Which statements are most likely true?
1 Ovulation will occur on 14 February.
2 Progesterone levels will spike on 12 February.
3 Menstrual loss will cease on 5 February.
4 Oestrogen levels will remain high on 28 February.
28 Which disease can be cured by antibiotics?

A HIV / AIDS
B diabetes
C emphysema
D syphilis
29 What are the conditions in a human cell just before the cell enters prophase?
number of nuclear envelope

chromatids present
A 46 no
B 46 yes
C 92 no
D 92 yes
Looking
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16
30 Each of the following events takes place during mitosis.

1 centromeres divide
2 chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell
3 chromosomes line up along the equator of the spindle
4 chromosomes uncoil
5 two chromatids are joined by a centromere
In which order do the events take place?
first last
A 1 2 4 5 3
B 3 1 2 4 5
C 4 5 3 1 2
D 5 3 1 2 4
31 The figure shows part of a DNA molecule.

Which part is a nucleotide?
Looking
17
32 The diagram shows two homologous chromosomes in early prophase I of meiosis in a human
cell. The position of two genes, A/a and B/b, on the homologous chromosomes are also shown.
Which row of diagrams is a possible representation of these chromosomes as they progress

from anaphase I to prophase II?
anaphase I prophase II
Looking
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18
33 The following statements describe the events that take place during DNA transcription.
Which statements are not correct?
1 adenine pairs with thymine
2 one DNA polynucleotide chain act as template
3 the original DNA molecule is changed after the process
4 uracil pairs with adenine
34 Which statements about genetic engineering to produce human insulin are correct?
1 The human insulin gene is cut out of human DNA.
2 The insulin gene is inserted into bacterial DNA.
3 The genetically engineered bacteria are cultured in large numbers.
4 These cultured bacteria are used in injections for diabetics.
A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2 and 3 only
C 1, 2 and 4 only
D 2, 3 and 4 only
35 A number of new plants are growing from pieces of a plant that have become detached and
have rooted in soil.
Which statement is correct about these new plants when they mature?
A The fruit they produce will all ripen at the same time.
B They will all grow to the same size.
C They will all have the same colour flowers.
D They will all produce the same number of fruit.
36 Which statement is evidence that genes are copied and passed on to the next generation?
A Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.
B Different alleles of a gene can produce variation in phenotype.
C Each species of a plant or animal has a fixed number of chromosomes.
D Sexual reproduction produces genetically different offspring.
Looking
19
37 Flower colour is controlled by a single pair of alleles. The allele for red flowers is dominant to
the allele for white flowers.
A plant homozygous for red flowers is crossed with a plant homozygous for white flowers. All
the resulting plants have red flowers (F 1 generation).
When the F 1 generation are crossed with each other, 18 plants are obtained. 12 plants have
red flowers and 6 have white flowers (F 2 generation).
What ratio is expected in the F 2 generation and what ratio has been obtained?
expected ratio obtained ratio

red to white red to white
A 1:1 2:1
B 1:1 3:1
C 3:1 2:1
D 3:1 3:1
38 The diagram shows the flow of substances within an ecosystem.

The circles represent trophic levels.
Which circle represents herbivores?
39 The diagram shows a food chain.
mahogany tree caterpillar songbird hawk
What is not recycled from the hawk to the mahogany tree?

A carbon dioxide
B energy
C nitrogen atoms
D water
Looking
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20
40 The diagram shows part of a food web.
Which diagram shows the pyramid of biomass for this food web?
A B
C D
Looking
Class Register Number Name
BARTLEY SECONDARY SCHOOL
O-LEVEL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS
BIOLOGY 6093/02
Sec 4 Express
Paper 2 18 Sep 2019
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Write your class, register number and name on all the work you hand in.
Section A
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
Section B
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page.

Set by: LMY [Turn over
2
Section A
1 Fig. 1.1 shows cells from a plant tissue which have been mounted on a slide with distilled water
and viewed using a microscope.
Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.2 shows cells taken from the same plant tissue when mounted on a slide with
concentrated salt solution.
Fig. 1.2
(a) In Fig. 1.2,

(i) identify structures P and Q.
P .............................................................
Q …………………………………………… [2]
(ii) state the contents of location R.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
Looking
3
(b) The concentrations of substances in structure Q are different from those in location R.
Explain how the properties of structure P result in differences in concentrations of
substances in Q and R.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3]
[Total:6]
Looking
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4
2 The figure shows stages in the development of human twins.
(a) On the figure, label and name each of the following:

a gamete,
a zygote. [2]
(b) Name the part of the female reproductive system that structure X enters.
.............................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) If the sex chromosome in the sperm is a Y chromosome, and in the ovum (egg) is an X
chromosome, state the sex of child A and of child B. Explain your answer.
child A ........................................
child B ........................................
explanation ..............................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
[3]
Looking
5
(d) Explain how a woman’s body prevents further ova (eggs) from being released until the end
of her pregnancy.
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total: 10]
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7
(a) With reference to Fig. 3.2,

(i) give three conclusions for the results of the experiment.
1 .......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
3 .......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) for plant Y at 25 °C, state
the rate of carbon dioxide uptake at atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is approximately 400 parts per million.
…………………………………………………………………...……….……………….[1]
the concentration of carbon dioxide at which the rates of photosynthesis and
respiration are the same.
……………………………………………………………………...…….……………….[1]
(b) Both temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations can be limiting factors of
photosynthesis.
With reference to the graph for plant X at 25 °C in Fig. 3.2, explain the term limiting factor.
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total:7]
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9
(a) With reference to Fig. 4.1, calculate the maximum change in the rate of transpiration for
plant B.
.................................. g / min / cm2 leaf surface [1]

(b) State which plant, A or B, is likely cactus. Give a reason for your answer.
.................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Suggest why it is advantageous for the cacti to have its leaves reduced to spines.
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[3]
(d) With reference to Fig. 4.2b,
(i) name the part labelled M,
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) suggest why there are many of these structures on the stems of a cactus.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total:8]
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11
(a) Construct a bar chart to show the results of the investigation.
[2]
(b) (i) Using the letters P, Q and R, state the structure from which the artificial fluid is
obtained for each test tube.
test tube T1 T2 T3
structure
[2]
(ii) Describe the function of structure R.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Explain the presence of urea in body fluid Q.
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total:7]
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12
6 (a) The table shows the mean distance that molecules must travel during gas exchange
between air in the lungs and blood in the circulatory system in birds and mammals. This
distance is known as the thickness of the blood-gas barrier.
mean thickness of
animal
blood-gas barrier / m
birds 0.2
mammals 0.5
(i) A gas that passes through the blood-gas barrier is carbon dioxide.
Explain why the movement of carbon dioxide across the blood-gas barrier is
considered to be a form of excretion.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Explain how the difference in thickness of the blood-gas barrier suggests that
movement of a bird by flying requires more energy than movement by a mammal on
land.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
(iii) In mammals, lactic acid may accumulate in the muscle tissues.
Suggest how the presence of lactic acid indicates an oxygen debt even though the rate
of oxygen absorption across the blood-gas barrier is at its maximum.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[3]
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13
(b) Describe how the relatively low blood pressure in the lungs is brought about by both the
structure of the heart and the blood vessels in the lungs.
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total:12]
Looking
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14
Section B
7 The table shows the concentration of glucose and insulin in blood plasma before and after a
glucose drink. The time at which the glucose drink is taken is recorded as 0 minutes.
time / min 60 30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300
plasma glucose
4.5 4.5 4.5 7.0 7.5 6.5 5.5 5.0 4.8 3.8 3.5 4.0 4.5
/ mmol per dm3
plasma insulin
60 60 60 330 350 260 120 80 50 40 50 50
/ pmol per dm3
(a) (i) Plot a graph to show how plasma insulin changes with time.
[4]
Looking
15
(ii) Calculate the rate of change in blood glucose from 60 minutes to 240 minutes after the
glucose drink.
[2]
(iii) Describe the relationship between the changes in blood glucose and the concentration
of insulin in the blood plasma.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
(iv) Data for the plasma insulin at 120 minutes is missing.
Use your graph to estimate the plasma insulin at 120 minutes. Mark this point on your
graph and rewrite the value here.
plasma insulin at 120 minutes = .………………… pmol per dm3 [1]
(b) Insulin must be excreted from the body after it has carried out its function.
Explain how this is done.
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total:11]
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17
(b) With reference to the production of one named economically important plant or animal in
your answer, describe how the process of artificial selection differs from that of natural
selection.
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total:9]
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18
9 EITHER

.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[6]
(b) With reference to the structure of a dicotyledonous leaf, describe the significance of the
distribution of chloroplasts in the process of photosynthesis.
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total:10]
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19
9 OR
(a) Explain the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Your explanation should include
references to where the processes occur and why they occur.
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[5]
(b) Insulin is a hormone made up of two polypeptides.
Describe how insulin is produced from DNA.

.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[5]
[Total:10]
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1 The diagram shows a palisade cell.
Which structure is the site of photosynthesis?
2 The diagrams show a cylindrical net packed with rubber balloons full of air. The
structure is used by a teacher to explain wilting.
What is represented by the parts of the structure shown?
air balloons net rubber
A cells cell sap cell walls epidermis
B cell sap cells epidermis cell walls
C cell walls epidermis cell sap cells
D epidermis cell walls cells cell sap
[Turn over
3 The diagram shows the result of an experiment. The liquid in the glass tube had
risen to point X after three hours.
In a second experiment, which change could be made to cause the liquid to rise
higher than X?
A a larger beaker
B a smaller bag
C water in the bag
D 0.4 mol / dm3 sucrose solution in the bag
4 Which process needs energy from respiration?
A movement of carbon dioxide into the alveoli
B movement of oxygen into red blood cells
C uptake of glucose by cells in the villi
D uptake of water by root hair cells
5 Which substance is built up from amino acids?
A glucose B glycogen C protein D urea
[Turn over
6 Which property of enzymes is explained by the lock and key hypothesis?
A All enzymes are proteins.
B Enzymes are inactive at very low temperatures.
C Human enzymes are most active just below 40 °C.
D Most enzymes can only catalyse one reaction.
7 Which is not a function of the liver?
A conversion of glucose to glycogen
B storage of glycogen
C secretion of insulin
D synthesis of proteins from amino acids
8 The surface area of the small intestine is increased by the villi in the intestine
wall.
How does the increased surface area help absorption of digested materials?
A It makes peristalsis more efficient.
B More mucus is produced for lubrication.
C More starch and protein can be absorbed.
D There is a greater chance of food molecules diffusing into the blood.
[Turn over
9 Two test-tubes, P and Q, were set up, each containing a solution of red
hydrogencarbonate indicator. Hydrogencarbonate indicator turns yellow when the
carbon dioxide concentration increases and turns purple when the carbon dioxide
concentration decreases.
Similar pieces of the same aquatic plant were placed into tubes P and Q. Tube P
was uncovered, and tube Q had a black light-proof cover. The tubes were left in a
warm room in sunlight for four hours.
What is the colour of the hydrogencarbonate indicator in the two tubes after four
hours?
tube P tube Q
A purple red
B purple yellow
C red yellow
D yellow red
[Turn over
10 The diagram represents a cross-section of part of a leaf as seen using a

microscope.
Where does translocation (movement of sucrose and amino acids) occur?
11 Water and ions can reach the xylem of a plant root through cell walls, without
passing through a cell membrane.
How do these substances move through the cell walls?
water ions
A diffusion diffusion
B diffusion osmosis
C osmosis diffusion
D osmosis osmosis
[Turn over
12 The diagram shows the pathway of water molecules through part of a leaf, seen
under a microscope, in transverse section.
Where does water evaporate?
13 Which blood vessel transports blood into the liver?
A hepatic portal vein
B hepatic vein
C pulmonary vein
D renal vein
14 What is a difference between plasma and tissue fluid?
plasma tissue
A dissolved glucose no dissolved glucose
B less dissolved glucose more dissolved glucose
C more protein molecules fewer protein molecules
D no white blood cells white blood cells
[Turn over
15 The diagram shows a section through part of a vein.
What could be the first organs found in directions 1 and 2?
1 2
A heart brain
B intestine liver
C kidney heart
D lung heart
16 The table shows the effect of exercise on the rate and depth of breathing.
breathing rate / volume of each

breaths per minute breath / cm3
at rest 12 500
after exercise 24 1000
What is the increase in the volume of air exchanged per minute after exercise,
compared to at rest?
A 1000 cm3 B 6000 cm3 C 18 000 cm3 D 24 000 cm3
[Turn over
17 Two people of equal body mass do the same amount of exercise.
One person is in good health. The other person has emphysema.
The rate of oxygen entering each person’s blood in the lungs is measured.
healthy person person with

emphysema
oxygen entering blood in cm3 per minute 22 12
Which statement explains these results?
A The healthy person has a faster breathing rate.
B The healthy person has a smaller lung volume.
C The person with emphysema has damaged alveoli.
D The person with emphysema has larger alveoli.
18 Which is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscles?
A carbon dioxide and water
B carbon dioxide and lactic acid
C carbon dioxide only
D lactic acid only
[Turn over
10
19 An analysis of the composition of expired air is shown.
gas in expired air % of expired air

carbon dioxide 4.1
oxygen 16.4
nitrogen and 79.5

other gases
Using only data from the table, what percentage of the expired air is excreted
material?
A 0% B 4.1% C 83.6% D 100%
20 The diagram shows how a kidney dialysis machine works. Each shape
represents a molecule found in blood or dialysis fluid.
Which shape represents urea?
[Turn over
11
21 The diagram shows some of the structures seen in a section through human
skin.
What is the function of structure X?

A to cause capillaries to constrict
B to detect changes in temperature
C to receive impulses from the central nervous system
D to stimulate sweat glands to release sweat
22 Which of these is a reflex action?

A increasing the blood glucose level by eating rice
B lifting a book off the table by contracting your arm muscles
C preventing an insect from flying into your eye by blinking
D using your brain to work out the answer to a problem
[Turn over
12
23 The diagram shows some of the nerve pathways associated with a reflex action.
If the pathway at X is damaged, how does this affect the reflex?

A The person will not be aware that the reflex is occurring.
B The reflex cannot be controlled consciously.
C The response will occur without any stimulus.
D There is no response to the stimulus.
24 The diagram shows a section through an eye.

Which part is the receptor for the stimulus that results in a change in the size of
the pupil?
[Turn over
13
25 A person looks at some hills far away.

Which row shows the state of the lenses, ciliary muscles and suspensory
ligaments in her eyes?
thick lenses contracted ciliary suspensory ligaments

muscles under tension
B X X
C X X
D X X
26 What are characteristics of hormones?
affect target carried by the blood produced by glands

organs
A
B X
C X
D X
27 In which part of the human female reproductive system does a zygote start to
divide to form a ball of cells?
A cervix
B ovary
C oviduct
D uterus
[Turn over
14
28 The diagram shows a baby about to be born.
Which labelled structures are the cervix and uterus?
cervix uterus
A 1 2
B 2 1
C 3 4
D 4 3
29 Which plants are most likely to adapt successfully to a climate change in their
environment?
A plants that are cross-pollinated
B plants that do not rely on wind-pollination
C plants that grow rapidly
D plants that reproduce asexually
[Turn over
15
30 The diagram shows the stigma, style and ovary of a flower.

Where does fertilisation take place?
[Turn over
16
31 The diagram shows the chromosomes in a cell.
Which diagram shows the product of one division of the cell by mitosis?
[Turn over
17
32 The diagram shows some stages in cell division in a fruit fly.
Cell X contains 8 chromosomes.

How many chromosomes are in cell Y and in cell Z?
cell Y cell Z
A 4 4
B 4 8
C 8 4
D 8 8
[Turn over
18
33 The diagram shows a pair of chromosomes from the same cell.
A gene is found at the point labelled P.

In a heterozygous individual, what will be found at the equivalent position labelled
Q?
A a different allele of a different gene
B a different allele of the same gene
C a different gene of the same allele
D the same gene of the same allele
34 Which statements about genes and chromosomes are correct?
A chromosome carries a A gene is a section of

molecule of DNA. DNA.
A true true
B true false
C false true
D false false
[Turn over
19
35 The table shows the variation in foot length in a number of students.
foot length/ cm number of

students
20.0–20.9 0
21.0–21.9 5
22.0–22.9 12
23.0–23.9 15
24.0–24.9 17
25.0–25.9 8
26.0–26.9 0
Which row identifies this type of variation and states its cause?
type of variation cause
A continuous genes and the environment
B continuous genes only
C discontinuous environment only
D discontinuous genes and the environment
[Turn over
20
36 The colour of the fruit of tomato plants is determined by alleles of the same gene.
A tomato plant with red fruit was crossed with a tomato plant with yellow fruit. Of
the offspring, 26 plants had red fruit and 24 had yellow fruit.
Three explanations were suggested.
1 Both parents were homozygous.
2 One parent had two recessive alleles.
3 One parent was heterozygous.
Which explanations are correct?
A 1 only B 3 only C 1 and 2 D 2 and 3
37 Diabetes may be treated using insulin from genetic engineering.

Where is this insulin produced?
A bacterial cytoplasm
B bacterial nucleus
C human liver
D human pancreas
38 A food chain is shown.

grain insects small birds owls lice
What is the pyramid of numbers for this food chain?
[Turn over
21
39 In the carbon cycle, which process returns carbon to a food chain?

A combustion
B decomposition
C photosynthesis
D respiration
40 The graph shows changes in the populations of plant and animal plankton in a
lake.
Consider the following statement in relation to the data provided by the graph.
Population changes in animal plankton lag behind similar changes in plant
plankton because the animals feed on the plants.’
Into which category does the statement fall?
A It is a reasonable interpretation of the data.

B It is a restatement of the data, not an interpretation.
C It is contradicted or not supported by the data.
D More data is required in order for this interpretation to be made.
END OF PAPER
Section A
Write your answer in the spaces provided.
1 Fig. 1.1 shows the bud of an insect-pollinated flower and a magnified transverse
section through the same flower bud. The transverse section was taken at the
position shown by the dotted line.
Fig. 1.1
(a) Write the name of each of the structures A to D.
A: ………………………………..
B: ………………………………..
C: ………………………………..
D: ……………………………….. [4]
[Turn over
(b) The diagram shows an incomplete transverse section through the stem of this
plant.
(i) Complete the diagram by drawing and labelling the positions of each of
the following tissues:
xylem,
phloem. [2]
(ii) State one function of xylem tissue.
………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………… [1]
[Total: 7]
[Turn over
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a person about to lift the handle of a bucket from position A to
position B.
Fig. 2.1
The movement of the bucket handle, as shown, illustrates some features of the
movement of a person’s chest while breathing in.
(a) State two similarities between the movement of a person’s chest while
breathing in and the movement of the handle.
1 .........................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Explain the differences between the movement of a person’s chest and the
movement of the handle.
……....................................................................................................................
……....................................................................................................................
……....................................................................................................................
……....................................................................................................................
……....................................................................................................................
……....................................................................................................................
……....................................................................................................................
……............................................................................................................... [5]
[Total: 7]
[Turn over
3 Fig. 3.1 shows a Bengal tiger.
Fig. 3.1
Fur colour in the Bengal tiger is controlled by a single gene. The dominant allele
of the gene results in orange fur. A single change in this gene produces a recessive
allele, which results in white fur in tigers with the homozygous recessive genotype.
(a) Define the term gene.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [3]
(b) Using the letters T (orange) and t (white) to represent the alleles that
control fur colour, draw a labelled genetic diagram to show how two tigers
with orange fur may give rise to offspring with white fur.
[4]
[Total: 7]
[Turn over
4 Fig. 4.1 shows cells from a plant tissue which have been mounted on a slide with
distilled water and viewed using a microscope.
Fig. 4.1
Fig. 4.2 shows cells taken from the same plant tissue when mounted on a slide
with concentrated salt solution.
Fig. 4.2
(a) Explain the appearance of the cells in Fig. 4.2.
………………………………………………………………………………….………
………………………………………………………………………………….………
…………………………………………………………………………..…….…… [3]
(b) Identify structures P and Q in Fig. 4.2.
P .............................................. Q .............................................. [2]
(c) State the contents of location R in Fig. 4.2.
……………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
[Total: 6]
[Turn over
5 Ivy is a plant with green leaves that vary in size. A student noticed that ivy leaves
were different in width on plants growing in shady positions compared with plants
growing in bright, sunny positions.
To investigate this further, she collected a sample of 10 leaves from plants growing
in shady positions and 10 leaves from plants growing in sunny positions.
Some of these leaves are shown in Fig. 5.1.
Fig. 5.1
The student measured the maximum width of the 20 leaves she collected.
The results are shown in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1
leaf number maximum width of leaf maximum width of leaf

from shady position/ mm from sunny position/ mm
1 38 43
2 48 35
3 49 29
4 54 39
5 43 34
6 46 30
7 40 29
8 47 35
9 43 31
10 54 22
mean maximum
width/ mm
[Turn over
(a) Complete Table 5.1 by calculating the mean maximum width of leaves from a
shady and sunny position respectively. [2]
(b) State two conclusions that can be made from the results in Table 5.1.
1 ……………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………….…………..
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………….………… [2]
(c) Suggest how having different sized leaves in shady and sunny positions might be
an advantage to the ivy plant.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………..…………… [3]
[Total: 7]
[Turn over
6 Fig. 6.1 shows the human male reproductive organs and associated structures.
Fig. 6.1
(a) Identify each of the following:
(i) tube E .............................................
(ii) organ F .............................................
(iii) organ G .............................................
(iv) tube H .............................................

[4]
(b) State one difference between the fluids carried by tube E and tube H.
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) State one way in which the fluid from organ G may be different in a person
with diabetes compared to a person without diabetes.
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
[Turn over
10
7 Fig. 7.1 shows the relationships between a number of organisms living together
in a South American rainforest.
Fig. 7.1
[Turn over
11
(a) Fig. 7.2 is an incomplete food web for these organisms.
Complete Fig. 7.2 by:

[4]
Fig. 7.2
(b) Suggest the possible effects on the community in the rainforest if the orchids
were killed by disease.
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………… [6]
[Total: 10]
[Turn over
12
Section B
8 Catalase is an enzyme found in many tissues. Catalase breaks down hydrogen

peroxide, forming water and oxygen.
Fig. 8.1 shows the apparatus used by a student to investigate the effect of pH on
the activity of catalase. The gas syringe was used to measure the volume of
oxygen produced at each pH.
Fig. 8.1
The student carried out the experiment at a pH of 7.0 and measured the volume
of oxygen produced during a period of five minutes.
He then mixed fresh samples of tissue containing catalase, and hydrogen peroxide
solution at pH values of 5.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 9.0 and measured the volume of oxygen
produced during the five minutes for each pH.
The results are shown in Table 8.1.
Table 8.1
pH volume of oxygen produced

during five minutes/ cm3
5.0 12
6.0 45
7.0 88
8.0 57
9.0 8
[Turn over
13
(a) Using the data in Table 8.1, plot a line graph to show the effect of pH on the
activity of catalase.
oin the points on your graph with ruled, straight lines.
[4]
[Turn over
14
(b) Using the information in Table 8.1 and your graph, describe the effect of pH
on the activity of catalase.
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………… [3]
[Turn over
15
(c) The enzyme Savinase is a protease used in many biological detergents.

Biological detergents are used to wash clothes. Fig. 8.2 shows the effect of
temperature on the activity of Savinase .
Fig. 8.2
(i) Use Fig. 8.2 to find the optimum temperature for Savinase activity.
……………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) Suggest why Savinase is added to biological detergents.

………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
[Total: 10]
[Turn over
16
9 Fig. 9.1 shows the stages in the process of genetic engineering to produce
the hormone insulin.
Fig. 9.1
[Turn over
17
(a) Describe how the location and organisation of genetic material in the
human cell shown in stage K of Fig. 9.1 is different from that in the bacterial
cell shown.
…………………………………………………………………………………......
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………….……………………………………… [2]
(b) Use your knowledge of bacterial cells to name two structures that the
transformed plasmid must pass through to form a transformed bacterium
in stage L of Fig. 9.1.
…………………………….………… and ……………………………….….. [2]
(c) State the type of reproduction that takes place in stage M of Fig. 9.1. Use
your knowledge of the process of cell division to explain why it is important
that this type of reproduction occurs.
type of reproduction .....................................................................................
explanation …………………………………………………………………….....
…………………………………………………………………………………......
…………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
[Turn over
18
(d) Genetic engineering can also be used to produce crop plants for humans
to eat.
Discuss the potential advantages and dangers of using genetic

engineering to produce crop plants for humans to eat.
advantages ……………………………………………………………………....
…………………………………………………………………………………......
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
dangers …..……………………………………………………………………....
…………………………………………………………………………………......
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………….… [4]
[Total: 10]
[Turn over
19
10 Either
Although skin is a waterproof structure, a few chemicals are able to pass through the
tissues of the skin. When a person places a finger in a solution of one of these chemicals,
it is possible for that chemical to enter the circulatory system and be carried to the tongue.
The person then experiences the sensation of taste.
(a) Describe the pathway followed by this particular chemical from the finger until it
reaches the tongue.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………..…………… [7]
(b) Describe the part played by the nervous system to enable the person to
experience the sensation of taste.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]
[Total: 10]
[Turn over
20
10 Or
(a) Explain the importance of haemoglobin to a human being.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….. [4]
(b) Explain the importance of villi to a human being.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………..…………………… [6]
[Total: 10]
END OF PAPER
Name Class Index

Number
BROADRICK SECONDARY SCHOOL

SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS
BIOLOGY 6093/01
Paper 1 Multiple Choice Sep 2019
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet 1 hour

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid
Write your name, index number and class on the OTAS answer sheet.
There are forty questions in this paper. Answer all questions. For each question, there are four
possible answers, A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate OTAS
answer sheet.
This question paper consists of 20 printed pages including this page.
[Turn over
8
13. The graph below shows the pressure changes in the left side of the heart during a
single heartbeat.
At which point A to D, is the atrioventricular/bicuspid valve pushed close?
14. A certain genetic disease results in the inability to produce prothrombin.

Which symptoms will the patients suffering from this disease most likely have?
A aching muscles and insomnia

B fatigue and breathlessness
C headaches and chronic diarrhoea
D nosebleeds and blood in urine
15 Which reaction is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase when red blood cells pass through
the lungs?
A CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3
+
B HCO 3 + H H 2 CO 3
C H 2 CO 3 CO2 + H2O
D H2CO3 HCO3 + H+
6093/1/9/19
13
24. During an experiment, a student was blindfolded.

The skin on his fingertip, the palm of his hand and his forearm were then touched
several times by two pencil points, either one centimeter or two centimetres apart.
During the record of results, there were instances when he inaccurately said he had
only been touched by one point.
The table below shows the number of times he accurately said that he had been
touched by two points.
Which of the following conclusions could be made from the above results?
A Only a few touch receptors were present in the skin of the palm.
B No touch receptors were present on the skin of the forearm.
C Touch receptors were the furthest apart in the skin of the forearm.
D Touch receptors were closest together in the skin of the fingertip.
6093/1/19
[Turn over
18
34. The diagram below represents the nucleus of a body cell from an organism.
Which diagram does not represent a possible gamete nucleus produced by the
organism?
35. A DNA molecule consists of 4000 nucleotides, of which 20% contain the
base adenine.
How many of the nucleotides in this DNA molecule will contain guanine?
A 800
B 1000
C 1200
D 1600
36. Bacteria are used in genetic engineering. A plasmid is used to transfer the required
DNA into the bacterium.
What is the term used to describe the role of plasmid in this technology?
A recombinant
B transgenic
C host
D vector
37. Huntington’s Disease is an inherited condition in humans caused by a dominant

allele. A woman’s father is heterozygous for the condition. Her mother is not
affected by the condition.
What is the chance of the woman being affected by the condition?
A 100%
B 75%
C 50%
D 25%
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19
38. The diagram below shows the blood group phenotypes of some members of a family.
What are the blood group genotypes of the parents?
father’s genotype mother’s genotype

A I BIB I AI B
B IBI O I AI A
C IBI O I AI B
D IBI O I AI O
6093/1/19
[Turn over
Name Class Index

Number
BROADRICK SECONDARY SCHOOL

SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS
BIOLOGY
6093/02
Paper 2 Theory
Sep 2019
Candidates answer on the Question Paper
1 hour 45 minutes
Write your name, index number and class on the work you hand in.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working.
Section A
Section B
Answer all the questions. Question 9 is an Either/Or question.
Candidates are reminded that all quantitative answers should include appropriate units.
For examiner s use

P2 / 80
This question paper consists of 19 printed pages including this page.
[Turn over
2
Section A (50 mar s)
Answer all the questions in the space provided.
1 (a) Define the term translocation. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) The figure below shows a scanning electron micrograph of a type of vascular
tissue found in plants.
Fig 1.1
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3
(i) Name the vascular tissue. [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) With reference to Fig. 1.1, describe two ways that these vascular tissues are [2]
adapted to their functions.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) Some weedkillers stop the plant from photosynthesising. These are often [4]
applied to the soil where the weeds are growing.
Explain how the weedkiller reaches its site of action in the leaves.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[Total:9m]
2 (a) State what is meant by the term activation energy’. [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
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5
(i) Explain the difference in results obtained between boiling tube 1 and boiling [3]
tubes 2 and 3.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) Carbon dioxide is released during respiration in all living cells in the human [3]
body.
Describe the role of carbonic anhydrase in the excretion of carbon dioxide from
the lungs.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[Total:7m]
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[Turn over]
7
(d) Describe the role of insulin in regulating blood glucose concentration in the [3]
human body.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[Total:8m]
4 (a) Define the term excretion and explain its importance. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Fig 4.1 shows a kidney tubule and its blood supply.
Fig 4.1
(i) Name the structure labelled Z on Fig 4.1. [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
6093/2/9/19
[Turn over]
8
(ii) Using an A , indicate on the structure(s) in Fig 4.1, where the anti-diuretic [1]
hormone (ADH) act(s) on during homeostasis.
(c) Table 4.1 below shows the composition of a liquid taken from part X and W of
the kidney nephron above.
composition/ g per 100cm3

substance
X W
glucose 0.100
urea 0.100 0.500
Table 4.1
(i) Complete Table 4.1 to show the glucose content at region W. [1]
(ii) Explain your answer to c(i). [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) Explain the difference in the urea concentration between regions X and W. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(d) Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is involved in the prevention of dehydration. [3]

Explain how ADH reduces water loss from the body.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[Total:12m]
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[Turn over]
11
(ii) What name is given to points P and Q? [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(iii) State the importance of crossing over in meiosis. [1]

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) State two places in plants where meiosis takes place. [2]
1. ……………………………………………………….
2. ………………………………………………………..
[Total:6m]
-End of Section A
6093/2/9/19
[Turn over]
13
The result is recorded in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2
reading on scale that volume changes of

time (h) shows liquid level in tube gases in flask/
X/ cm arbitrary units
0 2.3 0
0.5 3.1 -0.8
1.0 3.9 -1.6
1.5 4.8 -2.5
2.0 5.6 -3.3
2.5 6.4 -4.1
3.0 7.0 -4.7
3.5 7.3 -5.0
4.0 7.3 -5.0
6093/2/9/19
[Turn over]
14
(a) Plot and draw a graph to show the volume changes of gases in flask against [4]
time taken.
(b) Describe the relationship between the reading on the scale and the volume [1]
changes of gases in the flask.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Describe and explain the volume changes occurring in the flask. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
6093/2/9/19
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15
(d) Describe and explain the changes in the graph from the 3rd to 4th hour. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(e) A control is set up to show that the seeds undergoing germination cause the [1]
volume changes of gases in the flask.
Suggest what could be done to stop the seeds from germinating.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[Total:10m]
8 (a) Describe the events that occur after a human egg cell is fertilised which enable [5]
it to develop and survive in the uterus.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
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…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
6093/2/9/19
[Turn over]
16
(b) In humans, the ability to taste PTC paper, (paper impregnated with [5]
phenylthiocarbamide), is controlled by a dominant allele (T) and the inability to
taste it is controlled by the recessive allele (t).
Using a fully labelled genetic diagram, explain how, in a family with three
children, only the mother and one child are unable to taste PTC.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
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…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[Total:10m]
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17
9 Either
9 (a) Outline the relationship between gene, DNA and chromosome. [6]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Explain how meiosis and reproduction gives rise to new variations in offsprings. [4]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[Total : 10m]
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18
9 Or
(a) Fig 9.1 shows a vertical section of the human heart.
Fig 9.1
(i) Name the blood vessels: [2]
A: …………………………………… B: ……………………………………...
(ii) Describe the function of the part labelled C. [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Describe and explain how blood entering the heart from the body organs [5]
reaches the lungs.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
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19
(b) Explain, using a named example, what is meant by an endocrine gland. [2]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
[Total : 10m]
-End of Paper-
6093/2/9/19
[Turn over]
Name: ( ) Class:
CHI KATONG CONVENT

BIOLOGY 6093/01
Paper 1 Duration: 1 hour
Additional Materials: Optical Answer Sheet

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are
four possible answers A, B, C, and D.
Optical Answer Sheet.
Read the instructions on the Optical Answer Sheet very carefully.
Any rough working should be done on the question paper.
At the end of the examination, hand in:

(a) Optical Answer Sheet; and
(b) Question paper separately.
[Turn over
CHI atong Convent Preliminary Exams 2019 Biology 6093/01 Sec 4E
1 Which section of the diagram represents the structures that are typically found in both plant and
animal cells?
A
mitochondrion chloroplast
D
C B
ribosome
2 Which structures are found in a human male gamete?
nuclear
diploid nucleus enzymes mitochondria
membrane
A
B
C
D
3 Which chemical element is present in fats but not in water?
A carbon
B hydrogen
C nitrogen
D oxygen
4 A student conducted an investigation to determine the type of nutrients in a food sample.
food sample Benedict’s test biuret test ethanol emulsion test

Y blue purple white emulsion
Z brick-red blue clear
Which row shows the nutrients present in each food sample?
Y Z
A proteins fats and glucose
B fats and proteins maltose
C fats and sucrose proteins
D proteins and sucrose maltose
2
[Turn over
CHI atong Convent Prelim Exams 2019 Biology 6093/01 Sec 4E
5 The graph shows the changes in the mass of a piece of plant tissue in distilled water at 30 °C.
1.1
1.0
mass of plant
tissue/ g
0.9
0.8
0.7
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
time/ h
The following conclusions were made:
1 The plant cells are plasmolysed between 1.5 hrs to 2.5 hrs.
2 The plant cells are fully turgid between 1.5 hrs to 2.5 hrs.
3 The rate of osmosis is highest from 1.5 hrs to 2.5 hrs.
4 There was no movement of water molecules from 1.5 hrs to 2.5 hrs.
Which conclusion(s) is/ are correct?
A 1 only
B 2 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 2, 3 and 4 only
6 The graph shows the activation energy of an enzyme-catalysed reaction and the same reaction
without a catalyst.
energy Y
reactants
Z
products
reaction
Which working shows the activation energy of the uncatalysed reaction?
A X+Y-Z
B X+Z-Y
C X+Y
D Y+Z
3
CHI atong Convent Prelim Exams 2019 Biology 6093/01 Sec 4E
10 The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis of a plant at increasing light intensities at two carbon
dioxide (CO2) concentrations. The temperature is kept constant.
Y 0.06%
carbon dioxide
rate of X Z
0.03%
photosynthesis carbon dioxide
light intensity
What may be limiting the rate of photosynthesis at X, Y and Z?
X Y Z
A CO2 concentration light intensity CO2 concentration
B CO2 concentration light intensity light intensity
C light intensity CO2 concentration CO2 concentration
D light intensity CO2 concentration light intensity
11 In an investigation into rate of transpiration, 5 of the following set-ups were used.
oil to prevent evaporation of water
water
Some of the plants had all their leaves coated with grease to reduce transpiration. Each plant is
weighed in its own test-tube at the start of the experiment and after 2 days.

mass of plant/ g
plant 1 plant 2 plant 3 plant 4 plant 5
t=0 105 121 107 111 119
t = 2 days 103 97 84 110 93
Which plants had their leaves coated with grease?
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 5
D 2, 3 and 5
5
CHI atong Convent Preliminary Exams 2019 Biology 6093/01 Sec 4E
25 An experiment was set up using four groups of insect pollinated flowers, all of the same species,
in a field. In each group, different parts of the flowers were removed and insects were allowed to
visit all the flowers freely.
Which group of flowers would produce the most number of seeds?
stigma anthers petals

A left left removed
B left removed left
C removed left removed
26 The diagram shows two different flowers from two different plants of the same species.
Which letter represents cross-pollination?

B
D
A
27 Which row shows the effects of estrogen and progesterone?
high levels needed

high levels required maintains uterine repairs the uterine
to stop development
for ovulation lining thickness lining
of more ova
A estrogen progesterone estrogen progesterone
B estrogen progesterone progesterone estrogen
C progesterone estrogen estrogen progesterone
D progesterone estrogen progesterone estrogen
28 After sexual intercourse, sperms can survive up to 3 days in the uterus and oviducts. Ovulation
can occur any time between day 13 and 15 of the menstrual cycle. An ovum can survive for 2
days after ovulation.
How long is the longest possible fertile period?
A 2 days
B 3 days
C 5 days
D 7 days
12
[Turn over
34 Which statement about human blood group is correct?
A A person with the blood group A cannot have an IO allele.

B A person with the blood group B may have either the genotype IBIB or IBIO.
C In a person with the blood group AB, the IB allele is recessive to the IA allele.
D The alleles IB and IO are co-dominant and have an equal effect on the phenotype.
35 Bacteria can be genetically modified to produce human insulin.
What is a possible risk of this procedure?
A Bacterial insulin is less effective in treating diabetes than animal insulin.

B The genetically modified bacteria may become insulin resistant.
C The genetically modified bacteria may produce too much insulin.
D The presence of a new gene in the bacteria may alter the way existing gene work.
36 Which statement about chromosomes is correct?
A Chromosomes are long DNA molecules called genes which are divided into sections.
B Chromosomes include a long molecule of DNA divided into sections called genes.
C Chromosomes include genes which are divided into sections called DNA molecules.
D Genes include long DNA molecules called chromosomes.
37 In maize, one allele of a particular gene allows chlorophyll production while the other allele
prevents this, giving plants with cream-coloured leaves.
Half the seeds from a cross between two green-leaved plants were sown in trays kept in the dark.
The other half was sown in similar conditions except that they received optimum light intensity.
The table shows the results obtained.
number of seedlings
kept in the dark kept in optimum light intensity
green leaves cream leaves green leaves cream leaves
X 400 320 110
What is the most possible number of green-leaved plants formed from seeds germinating in the
dark?
A 0
B 110
C 320
D 400
15
Name: ____________________________( ) Class:______
CHIJ KATONG CONVENT

BIOLOGY 6093/02
Paper 2 Duration: 1 hour 45 minutes
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working.
Section A
Section B

At the end of the examination faster all your work securely together.
FOR EXAMINER'S USE

Paper 1 / 40
Paper 2
Section A / 50
Section B / 30
TOTAL / 120
[Turn over
Section A
1 The diagram shows an electron micrograph of a segment of a proximal convoluted tubule cell of a
kidney.
lumen
brush organelle X
border
organelle Y
Fig. 1.1
(a) Identify organelles X and Y.
X . Y. [2]
(b) Suggest the importance of the numerous numbers of organelle X in the cell.
[2]
2
[Turn over
2 (b) Compare the pressure of blood in the circulation to the body tissues and the pressure of
blood in the circulation to the lungs.
[1]
(c) Explain how the structure of the heart produces this difference in blood pressure.
[3]
(d) In humans, there are three types of blood circulation:
1 Systemic circulation which circulates blood through various body tissues.

2 Pulmonary circulation which allows for oxygenation of blood in the lungs.
3 Portal circulation which is part of systemic circulation, with blood passing through two
sets of capillaries before draining into a larger systemic vein.
Name one vein involved in portal circulation.
[1]
[Total: 7]
3 (a) Write the word equation for photosynthesis in the given space below.
[2]
4
[Turn over
4 (d) Extracts from the tree have many uses in medicine. Some of the extracts are alkaline and
have anti-bacterial properties.
Suggest why these tree extracts are sometimes used to treat medical conditions in the
human stomach.
[2]
[Total: 7]
5 Table 5.1 shows the concentration of glucose and hormone A in the blood over a period of 8 hours
in a person.
Table 5.1
time/ h blood glucose concentration/ blood hormone A concentration/ μg/mg

x 10 mg/ dl
0 5 4
1 5 4
2 7 20
3 15 19
4 16 15
5 13 8
6 9 5
7 6 4
8 5 4
(a) In the grid provided on the next page, plot the graphs of the concentration of glucose and
hormone A in blood against time.
Both graphs must share the given space and you may have one y-axis on each side of the
space.
7
5 (a)
[5]
(b) Identify hormone A, and provide an explanation for your answer.
[2]
[Total: 7]
8
[Turn over
6 Fig. 6.1 shows an animal cell during cell division.
cell surface membrane

A
nuclear membrane
Fig. 6.1
(a) Identify the type of cell division shown.
[1]
(b) Complete the diagram on Fig. 6.1, for C and D. [2]
(c) Gene coding for Bt-toxin is found in soil bacterium Bacillus thurengiensis. Cabbage plants
with in-built Bt-toxin gene against the diamondback moths can be produced by genetic
engineering i.e. the farmer no longer has to eliminate the insects with insecticides.
Explain how these transgenic cabbage plants can be produced.
[4]
[Total: 7]
9
7 Fig. 7.1 shows the relationships between a number of organisms living together in a South
American rainforest.
the bumble bee is the only insect
strong enough to push past the coiled
petal and reach the nectar
coiled petal
nut collectors
orchid harvest and sell
flower of the Brazil
the nuts
bumble bee nut tree
anthers
nectar from an
orchid gives male
bumble bees the
necessary scent
to attract females Brazil nut tree
grows only as an
uncultivated plant fruit of the Brazil nut tree
in the Amazon with an extremely hard
rainforest pericarp
agouti – the only animal

capable of opening the
jaguar feeds
fruit.
on agoutis seeds (nuts)
inside fruit It stores nuts (seeds) by
burying them, but often
then forgets about them.
Fig. 7.1
(a) Complete Fig. 7.2 by:

Fig. 7.2
[4]
10
[Turn over
7 (b) Suggest the possible effects on the community in the rainforest if the orchids were killed by a
disease.
[3]
[Total: 7]
11
Section B
Question 10 is in the form of an Either/ Or question. Only one part should be answered.
8 (a) Describe the structure of the DNA.
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..[4]
(b) Haemophilia is a genetic disorder where blood clotting does not occur, and the affected
person may bleed to death from a minor cut. The gene for haemophilia is recessive,
and is inherited only from the X-chromosome of the mother. This means that a son who
inherits the recessive gene in the X-chromosome from the mother, and a healthy
Y-chromosome from the dad, will inherit haemophilia.
A healthy man marries a woman who does not have the condition. They have a son who is
haemophiliac. Explain with the aid of a genetic diagram how this is possible, and suggest
the probability of this occurrence in the offspring.
You may use Xh for the recessive allele on X-chromosome.
[6]
[Total: 10]
12
[Turn over
9 (a) Describe how a developing fetus in the uterus obtains and uses its metabolic requirements
and gets rid of its waste products.
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..[6]
9 (b) Describe how water and sugars are transported to a developing fruit.
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..[4]
[Total: 10]
13
10 Either
(a) Describe three different ways substances move into and out of animal cells.
Use an example to illustrate each process.
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..[6]
10 (b) Some muscles in our body work as antagonistic pairs. In these pairs of muscles, when one
muscle contracts, the other muscle relaxes.
With reference to named muscles, describe how antagonistic pairs of muscles bring about
the movement of food bolus in the esophagus after swallowing.
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..[4]
[Total: 10]
14
[Turn over
10 Or
10 (a) Outline the processes following pollination and ending with fertilisation in a flower.
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..[6]
10 (b) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of cross pollination compared to self-pollination
in flowering plants.
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..[4]
[Total: 10]
15

CANDIDATE
NAME
CLASS INDEX
NUMBER
2019 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS

SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS
BIOLOGY 6093/01
Paper 1 Multiple Choice 18 September 2019
1 hour

Write your name and index number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided.
Answer Sheet.
2
1 The diagram shows an electron micrograph of an animal cell.

Which structure synthesises and transport proteins?
2 Five pieces of potato strips, of equal size and shape, are cut from the same potato tuber. The
strips are then placed in sugar solutions of different concentrations. After four hours, the change
in length of each potato strip is measured.
The results are shown in the graph.
Which concentration of sugar solution has approximately the same water potential as the potato
tuber?
A 0.00 mol dm-3
B 0.15 mol dm-3
C 0.30 mol dm-3
D 0.40 mol dm-3
6093/01/4
3
3 Some red blood cells were placed in distilled water and salt solutions of different concentrations.
Which diagram shows the appearance of the cell that has been placed in distilled water?
4 Cubes of hard-boiled egg white are placed in test-tubes containing 5 cm3 of water. Other
substances are added to each tube as shown in the chart. The tubes are left for eight hours and
then tested for amino acids.
tube solution added results of test for amino acids

1 pepsin absent
2 pepsin + alkali absent
3 none absent
4 pepsin + acid large amounts
5 boiled pepsin + acid traces
6 acid traces
7 alkali absent
Which tubes show that pepsin is an enzyme?

5 What may take place during hydrolysis reaction?
1 a molecule of water is produced

2 a sucrose molecule is split into fructose and glucose
3 digestion of complex molecules into simpler ones using enzymes
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6 Some of the molecules found in animal tissues are grouped into three lists.
1 glucose, lipids, water, deoxyribose

2 glycogen, antibodies, adenine, fatty acids
3 haemoglobin, carbon dioxide, mRNA, disaccharides
Which lists include one or more molecules that always contain nitrogen atoms?
7 The diagram shows some organs of the digestive system.
Where are proteases made?

8 Starch is digested by amylase in the mouth, but it is not digested in the stomach.
What is the reason for this?
A All starch digestion is completed in the mouth.

B The pH in the stomach is not suitable for the amylase to work.
C The starch does not stay in the stomach long enough to be digested.
D The temperature in the stomach is not suitable for the amylase to work.
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5
9 In which part of the body does the breakdown of drugs occur?
A brain
B heart
C kidneys
D liver
10 The graph shows the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air surrounding a plant measured
over 24 hours.
Which explains the carbon dioxide concentration at time X?
light intensity plant process

A darkness respiration
B darkness transpiration
C daylight photosynthesis
D daylight respiration
11 Why is sunlight necessary for photosynthesis?
A It is a catalyst.
B It is required to activate enzymes.
C It is required to break down water molecules.
D It is required to form chlorophyll.
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12 Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?
A B
C D
13 The diagram shows a shoot growing from a potato tuber.
What is being transported in the phloem cells at Y?
A starch downwards
B starch upwards
C sugars downwards
D sugars upwards
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14 Which row correctly identifies xylem vessel and sieve tube element?
xylem vessel sieve tube element

cytoplasm nucleus cytoplasm nucleus
A key
B = present
C = absent
D
15 The graph shows pressure changes in the left side of the heart, during a single heart beat.
At which point does the semi-lunar valve open?
16 What causes the transfer of materials between capillaries and tissue fluid?
A active transport
B blood pressure
C capillary action
D osmosis
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17 Which diagram shows the human double circulatory system?
key: direction of blood flow
A B
C D
18 Fitness training increases the concentration of lactic acid that runners can build up in their
muscles before pain stops them from running.
What is a consequence of this increase?
A Aerobic respiration in muscles can be more rapid.

B Blood flow to the muscles is increased.
C More anaerobic respiration can take place in the muscles.
D More energy is needed by the muscles to work.
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9
19 The graph shows the energy released by two animals through respiration as the external
temperature changes.
Which conclusion can be drawn from the graph
A Animals 1 and 2 release the least energy at 23°C.

B Animal 2 always respires faster than animal 1.
C As the temperature rises, respiration always increases.
D The rate of respiration is the same for both animals at 23°C.
20 Which organs remove excretory products from the blood?
A bladder and liver

B bladder and lungs
C kidneys and bladder
D lungs and kidneys
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10
21 The diagram shows structures within human skin under two different conditions.
Which statement accounts for the change from condition 1 to 2?
A A person enters a cold room to store fresh food products.

B A person leaves an air-conditioned room to go to the washroom.
C A person stands stationary in the field on a sunny day.
D A person walks under a sheltered walkway from the office to the canteen.
22 The diagram shows the structures involved in a reflex action.
Which sequence shows the structures involved in the reflex action?
A P Q R S
B P S R Q
C Q R S P
D Q S P R
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11
23 The diagram shows a neurone.
Which structures could be found at V and W?
V W
A brain intestine
B brain leg
C eye hand
D ovary spinal cord
24 The diagram shows a section through a human eye.

Which structure contains muscles which contract to produce a focused image on the retina?
25 The following shows some hormones produced by the body.
1 adrenaline 3 insulin
2 glucagon 4 testosterone
Which hormone(s) is/are involved in the conversion of glycogen to glucose?

6093/01/4
12
26 Nocodazole is a chemical used in the study of mitosis. It causes all mitotic cells to stop dividing
at metaphase. The following statements show the effect that the chemical may have on the
process of mitosis.
1 inhibits chromatin condensing in the nucleus

2 prevents replication of centrioles
3 stops sister chromatids migrating to opposite poles
Which statement(s) correctly identify how this chemical might work?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 only
27 The diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell that divides by mitosis.
Which diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of one of the daughter cells produced?
A B
C D
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13
28 Male bees are haploid. They develop from unfertilised eggs. Female bees are diploid. The
following statements are on male and female bees.
1 All male bees are genetically identical.

2 Male bee sperm cells are produced by mitosis.
3 Female bees do not need fertilisation to be produced.
Which statement(s) are correct?

29 Which row on the male reproductive system in a human, is correct?
secretes
secretes sex stores inactive
produces sperm enzymes to
hormones sperm
nourish sperm
A testes scrotum ureter urethra
B epididymis testes prostate gland ureter
C testes testes prostate gland epididymis
D scrotum prostate gland epididymis testes
30 The diagram shows a flower from a plant.

Which part of the flower, when cell samples are taken, can produce offspring that are genetically
identical to the plant?
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14
31 The diagrams show pollen grains from three different species of plant as they appear under the
microscope. The diagrams are all drawn to the same scale.
Which pollen grains are involved in insect-pollination?
32 The diagram shows the inheritance of coat colour in mice.

Which mouse is heterozygous for coat colour?
33 Which is not a feature of natural selection?
A genetic engineering
B random mutation
C reproduction of new offspring
D survival of the fittest
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15
34 The graph shows the masses of two different types of tomato.
A Genes do not affect the mass of tomatoes.

B Type 1 tomatoes show continuous variation.
C Type 2 tomatoes are sometimes smaller than type 1 tomatoes.
D Type 2 tomatoes show discontinuous variation.
35 The diagram shows part of a DNA molecule.
Which letters indicate cytosine, deoxyribose, phosphate and thymine?
cytosine deoxyribose phosphate thymine

A W X Y Z
B Y X W Z
C Y Z X W
D Z W X Y
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36 Which molecule has its synthesis directly controlled by DNA?
A amylase
B glycerol
C glycogen
D iron
37 A single plant provides food for many herbivores. The herbivores supply food for a few
carnivores.
Which pyramid of numbers and which pyramid of biomass show this information?
pyramid of numbers pyramid of biomass

A W Y
B W Z
C X Y
D X Z
38 Within an ecosystem, the top consumers in a food chain are few in number.
Which statement explains this?
A Energy losses occur at each trophic level.

B Energy losses occur within the consumers digestive system.
C Top consumers are large in size.
D Top consumers have a low reproductive rate.
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17
39 The concentration of a pesticide in the tissues of the organisms in the following food chain was
measured.
plants small fish large fish birds of prey
Which bar on the chart represents the large fish?
40 The graph shows the annual changes of the following factors in a lake.
intensity of light per day

numbers of producers
numbers of primary consumers
quantity of nutrients
Which curve represents the numbers of primary consumers?
6093/01/4
24/7 via WhatsApp or Call :)

CANDIDATE
NAME
CLASS INDEX
NUMBER

SECONDARY 4 EXPRESS
BIOLOGY 6093/02
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on Question Paper.
Section A
Section B
Answer all the questions, the last question is in the form either/or.
You are advised to spend no longer than one hour on Section A Marks
and no longer than 45 minutes on Section B.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely Section A
together.
Section B
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each
question or part question. Total
3
(b) With reference to the structures labelled C, D and E, describe the sequence of events that
lead to the production of digestive enzymes in this cell.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
... ..... [4]
[Total: 6]
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5
(a) According to these results which concentration of sucrose has the same water potential as
the beetroot cells?
[1]
(b) Explain why the drop of bathing solution rose in the 0.6 M solution.
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
[4]
(c) In the space below, draw a labelled diagram of a single beetroot cell from the 0.7 M sucrose
bathing solution, to show how it would have appeared under a light microscope.
[3]
[Total: 8]
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7
(b) Use your knowledge of cell division to describe two differences between the arrangements
of chromosomes in stages A and C.
..
..
..
..
..
... ..... [3]
(c) State how the type of cell division involving stages A to F can result in variation in the lily,
Lilium candidum.
..
..
..
... ..... [2]
[Total: 9]
6093/02/4
8
4 Nerium oleander is a xerophytic plant. A photomicrograph of a section through the leaf of

N. oleander is shown in Fig. 4.1.
Fig. 4.1
(a) Identify the tissues labelled A and B.
B [2]
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9
(b) The leaf shown in Fig. 4.1 has a number of adaptations to reduce water loss by
transpiration. Two of the adaptations are:
a multilayered epidermis
stomata only found in depressions, known as stomatal crypts, on the lower surface
of the leaf.
Explain how the two adaptations will help to reduce water loss in N. oleander.
multilayered epidermis .
..
..
stomatal crypts . .
..
..
..
[3]
[Total: 5]
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10
5 (a) Hydrogen peroxide has a harmful effect on cells. One effect is to damage DNA.
Describe the structure of DNA.
.....
.....
.....
.....
.....
.[3]
(b) The cell has mechanisms to repair the damage to DNA caused by hydrogen peroxide.
Errors in repair may cause a change to the structure of DNA.
Explain why hydrogen peroxide can be considered a mutagen.
.....
.[1]
(c) Scientists have created transgenic bacteria that glow. The glowing bacteria have a jellyfish
gene for the production of a protein which causes them to glow.
Describe how the transgenic bacteria were produced.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. [4]
[Total: 8]
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13
(c) Describe how human activities are affecting the carbon cycle.
..
..
..
..
..
.. ... [3]
[Total: 8]
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14
Candidate Name: Class: Index No:
Section B
8 A protein is used to hold other chemicals onto the clear plastic backing of photographic film, as
shown in Fig. 8.1.
Fig. 8.1
Trypsin is an enzyme which will digest the protein so that the coating on the photographic film is
removed and the film becomes clear.
Table 8.1 shows the results obtained by two students who investigated the effect of pH on the
activity of this enzyme. They made up the solutions, set up the experiment and timed how long
the enzyme took to digest the protein and clear the film.
Table 8.1
time for the protein to be digested /

min average time for the protein to be
pH
digested / min
student 1 student 2
2 12.0 14.0
4 8.0 9.0
6 2.0 3.0
8 0.5 1.0
10 8.0 9.0
(a) Calculate the average time for the proteins to be digested and complete Table 8.1. [1]
(b) State two variables that should be kept constant in the experiment.
1. . ..
2. .. ... [1]
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15
(c) Plot a graph of the average time for the protein digestion at each pH in the grid provided.
[4]
(d) Describe and explain the effect of pH on the activity of the enzyme.
..
..
..
..
..
..
. [4]
[Total: 10]
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9 (a) Cockroaches are pests which damage food and spread diseases. They have a gene which
makes them attracted to sugar. In the 1980s, a mixture of insecticides and sugar was used
as a means of pest control. The sugar attracted the cockroaches and the insecticide killed
them. In the 1990s, certain populations of cockroaches were no longer attracted to sugar.
The insecticide was still lethal but the cockroaches avoided eating it when it was mixed
with sugar.
Explain how the cockroaches evolved to survive the pest control used in the 1980s.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. [4]
(b) Describe one difference between the process of artificial selection and natural selection.
Include reference to the production of one named economically important plant or animal
in your answer.
..
..
..
. [2]
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(c) What are the advantages of genetic engineering over selective breeding?
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. [4]
[Total: 10]
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18
10 Either
(a) Describe the double circulation of blood in the human circulatory system and the different
functions of the two circuits.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. [6]
(b) Explain how the structure of capillaries is adapted for the transport of a named material to
tissue fluid.
..
..
..
..
..
..
. [4]
[Total: 10]
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19
10 Or
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
. [6]
(b) Explain why increasing the light intensity in which a plant is growing does not necessarily
increase its rate of photosynthesis.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
[4]
[Total: 10]
6093/02/4
WhatsApp or Call :)
JURONGVILLE SECONDARY SCHOOL

Secondary 4 Express
STUDENT
NAME
CLASS INDEX
NUMBER
Biology 6093/01
1 hour

White your name, index number and class on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided.
Sheet.
DO NOT OPEN THE BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO
For Examiner s Use
40
Setter: Ms Jo-Ann Lee Hui
[Turn over
2
1 The photomicrograph below shows a row of cells that line a particular tract in the human body.
Which of the following is visible in the photomicrograph?
A chloroplasts
B cilia
C mitochondria
D ribosomes
2 Some processes which occur in flowering plants are listed.
1 ion uptake by root hairs

2 ion movement up the xylem in the stem
3 water movement up the xylem in the stem
4 water vapour loss by the mesophyll cells of the leaves
Which processes are controlled by cell surface membranes?
A 1 only
B 1 and 3 only
C 2 only
D 3 and 4 only
3 The table below shows the relative amount of mitochondria, chloroplasts and endoplasmic
reticulum in four types of cells.
relative amount of organelles

cell type
mitochondria chloroplasts endoplasmic reticulum
A + + +
B +++ - +
C +++ - +++
D + - +
Key: number of + indicates the relative amount of organelles
- indicates the absence of the organelle
Which cell type is found in the lining of the alveoli in the lungs?
4
6 The table below shows the results of an analysis of the cell sap from an aquatic plant and the
surrounding seawater.
concentration of ions (arbitrary units)

substance analysed
sodium ions (Na+) potassium ions (K+) chloride ions (Cl-)
cell sap 0.13 0.56 0.72
seawater 0.57 0.04 0.59
A student makes the following deductions.
1 The cells remove chloride ions by diffusion.

2 The cells remove sodium ions by active transport.
3 The cells accumulate sodium ions by active transport.
4 The cells accumulate potassium ions by active transport.
Which of the following statements are correct?
A 1, 2 and 3 only
B 1, 2 and 4 only
C 1, 3 and 4 only
D 2, 3 and 4 only
7 Which conversion does not take place in a plant?
A amino acids into polypeptides

B glucose into glycogen
C nucleotides into DNA
D starch into maltose
8 The Benedict s test can determine the amount of reducing sugar present in any mixture. Three
samples, P containing 10 % glucose, Q containing 5 % sucrose and R containing 1 % glucose
are tested.
Which option shows the expected results for the three samples?
solution P solution Q solution R

A blue solution green precipitate brick-red precipitate
B green precipitate blue solution blue solution
C brick-red precipitate blue solution green precipitate
D brick-red precipitate brick-red precipitate green precipitate
5
9 A fixed volume of enzyme catalase was added to a fixed volume of hydrogen peroxide
solution.
The diagram shows how the rate of the reaction changed over time.
rate of reaction
time
Why did the rate of reaction become constant over time?
A The active sites of enzymes become saturated.

B The enzymes have been denatured.
C The products have already been formed.
D The substrate molecules were used up.
10 Fruits, such as papaya, can be used to tenderize meats before cooking because they contain
enzymes, which break down the proteins present in meats.
Using papaya as a natural meat tenderizer, Albany conducted experiments to investigate the
conditions at which the softest meat would result. The conditions used are summarised in the
following table.
Which experiment would result in the softest meat?
condition of papaya
experiment
boiled / raw cubes / juice
A boiled cubes
B boiled juice
C raw cubes
D raw juice
11 Which of the following would not be a likely outcome of the removal of the pancreas?
A decrease in the amount of glycogen production in liver and muscle cells

B decrease in the amount of protein being digested in the body
C increase in the pH of the duodenum
D increased risk of diabetes mellitus
[Turn over
10
21 The graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest, over a
period of 30 seconds.
Which graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of the same person
immediately after he has done five minutes of vigorous exercise?
A B
C D
22 Which of the following describes the diaphragm, the external intercostal muscles and the
movement of the ribcage during inhalation?
diaphragm movement ribcage external intercostal muscles

A downwards upwards and outwards contract
B downwards upwards and inwards relax
C upwards downwards and inwards contract
D upwards downwards and outwards relax
11
23 The diagram shows the apparatus used to investigate respiration.
thermometer
coloured oil droplet
graduated scale
germinating seeds
wire mesh
water
sodium hydroxide
(to absorb carbon dioxide)
Which quantity is being measured to determine the rate of respiration?
A carbon dioxide released

B heat absorbed
C oxygen absorbed
D water vapour released
24 Gestational diabetes insipidus is a condition that occurs in women during pregnancy.

Pregnant mothers produce vasopressinase in the placenta. Vasopressinase breaks down
anti-diuretic hormone.
Which option shows the effect of gestational diabetes on a pregnant woman?
amount of water reabsorbed by effect on urine produced

kidney tubule quantity concentration
A decreased decreased concentrated
B decreased increased diluted
C increased decreased concentrated
D increased increased diluted
25 Which option best illustrates the principle of homeostasis?
A increasing the blood glucose level after a meal rich in carbohydrates

B reddening of the face after a man drank a large amount of beer
C secreting a large amount of tears when watching a sad movie
D shivering of the body in response to the external cold environment
[Turn over
14
31 The diagram shows how genetically identical frogs can be developed from unfertilised frog
eggs. The diploid number in frogs is 26.
unfertilised frog egg V
cell taken from frog
W
nucleus destroyed by
ultra violet radiation nucleus taken from cell
and injected into egg
X
egg develops
into tadpole
tadpole develops
into frog
Which option correctly identifies the number of chromosomes in each of the type of cells in the
diagram?
V W X
A 13 13 26
B 13 26 13
C 13 26 26
D 26 26 13
32 The DNA of a particular cell contains 30 % adenine bases.
What is the percentage of cytosine bases in this strand of DNA?
A 20 %
B 30 %
C 40 %
D 60 %
17
39 The diagram shows a graph of the number of organisms over time.
key:
organism S
organism T
number of
organisms
time/ day
What could organism S and T be?
S T
A duck plant
B eagle rabbit
C lion lamb
D worm chicken
40 The diagram shows some stages in the carbon cycle. W, X, Y and are carbon compounds.
What is Y?
A carbon compounds found in dead animals only

B carbon compounds found in dead animals and dead plants
C carbon dioxide in the air
D coal and oil
End of paper
2
Section A: Structured Questions [50 marks

Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 Fig. 1.1 is an experimental model which represents a simplified plant system. The plastic tube
represents the stem of a plant. The red ink represents the soil solution.
layer of wax
wet blotting paper plastic sheet
very small pores

wet cotton wool
plastic tube
lid
red ink glass jar
Fig. 1.1
The experimental model was placed in three different locations each for 12-hour periods. Table
1.2 shows the amount of mass lost at the different locations.
Table 1.2
experiment location of the model loss of mass / g

I on the laboratory bench 1.0
II under and electric fan 1.8
III inside a plastic bag 0.1
(a) State what the following parts of the model represent in an actual leaf.
(i) blotting paper : . ........[1]
(ii) layer of wax : . ........[1]
(iii) pores in plastic sheet : . ........[1]
(b) The colour of the cotton wool changes during the process of the experiment. The model
also experiences a loss in mass for all three experiments.
Name the process in plants that are demonstrated by the
(i) colour change : . ........[1]
(ii) loss in mass : . ........[1]
3
(c) Compare and explain the differences in the loss of mass in experiment I with the other two
experiments.
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... . [4]
[Total: 9]
2 (a) Table 2.1 shows the response of three unknown blood types (X, Y and ) to two serums
containing antibodies a and b respectively.
Table 2.1
blood type antibody a serum antibody b serum

X no agglutination no agglutination
Y agglutination occurs no agglutination
no agglutination agglutination occurs
(i) State the identity of blood type X, Y and .
X: .
Y: .
: . [3]
(ii) Explain your answer in 2(a)(i).
..
..
..
..
..
.. [3]
4
(b) Fig. 2.2 shows the surface view of a mammalian heart where one of the blood vessels of C
is clogged with fats. This clogged area is shaded in black.
Fig. 2.2
(i) Identify blood vessel C and state its function.
..
..
.. [2]
In a procedure known as a coronary bypass surgery, doctors make use of a part of a vein
from a patient s leg and transplants it onto the blood vessels to redirect the blood flow.
(ii) Suggest one precaution the doctors need to take when using a vein for this surgery.
..
.. [1]
(iii) State a lifestyle change that would help reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
..
.. [1]
[Total: 10]
5
3 Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow:
It has been reported that Singapore has the second highest proportion of diabetics among
developed nations. Diabetes mellitus can be prevented at the pre-diabetes stage. Pre-diabetics
have a blood glucose level of between 7.8 and 11 mmol / l, two hours after an Oral Glucose
Tolerance Test.
(a) State one other sign of diabetes mellitus.
...
... ...[1]
(b) Doctors recommend avoiding soft drinks and spacing out meals to prevent the onset of
diabetes mellitus.
Explain how these measures prevent the onset of diabetes mellitus.
...
. ..
. ..
.. [3]
(c) With regular exercise and weight-loss, the blood glucose for some patients at the pre-
diabetes stage can be brought back to normal levels.
Suggest how regular exercise can help reduce blood sugar levels.
...
...
...
.. [2]
(d) Suggest a reason why alcoholism promotes the development of diabetes mellitus.
...
...
.. [2]
(e) Some diabetic patients require insulin therapy, where insulin is injected directly into the
bloodstream as it cannot be consumed orally.
Suggest a reason why this is so.
...
.. [1]
[Total: 9]
6
4 In mammalian kidneys, the kidney is closely associated with the process of excretion.
(a) Define excretion in the human body.
...
... ...[1]
An athlete ate some salty food. This food contained high concentrations of sodium ions. Table
4.1 shows the concentrations of some of the substances in this person s blood plasma, in the
kidney filtrate and the urine. These values were measured shortly after eating the food.
Table 4.1
concentration / g / dm3
substance
plasma filtrate urine
water 900.0 970.0 950.0
protein 80.0 0.0 0.0
glucose 1.0 1.0 0.0
amino acids 0.5 0.5 0.0
urea 0.3 0.3 20.0
sodium ions 3.2 3.2 6.0
(b) Using your knowledge of filtration and reabsorption in the kidney, describe and explain why
neither protein nor glucose was found in the urine but urea was found in high
concentrations.
...
...
. ..
. ..
. ..
. ..
. ..
. ..
. ..
. ..
.. [6]
[Total: 7]
7
5 Fig. 5.1 shows the cross-section of human sweat glands.
Fig 5.1
(a) (i) On Fig. 5.1, label the region that leads to the sweat duct as W. [1]
(ii) Describe two differences between the homeostatic control of urine and sweat
production.
..
..
..
.. [2]
10
Section B (30 marks)

Question 9 is in the form of Either/Or. Answer only one part.
7 A survey to investigate the impact of smoking on the live birth weight of babies was conducted. It
was administered to fifty females aged between 25 and 30 years. All participants of the survey
were habitual smokers who continued to smoke during pregnancy. Table 7.1 shows the results.
Table 7.1
average number of cigarettes average live birth weight of baby

smoked each day born/ kg
0 2.78
1 2 2.60
3 4 2.45
5 6 2.33
7 8 2.20
9 10 2.12
(a) (i) On the grid below, plot a bar chart of average live birth weight of baby born against
average number of cigarettes smoked each day.
[3]
11
7 (a) (ii) Describe and explain the results shown in Table 7.1.
..
..
..
..
..
..
.. [4]
(b) State the source and outline the role of a named hormone in maintaining pregnancy.
...
...
...
...
...
...
.. [3]
[Total: 10]
12
8 (a) Night blindness is a genetic disorder controlled by a dominant allele. Those who have this
disorder cannot see well in dim light. A man suffering from night blindness married a woman
whose sight is normal. The couple has four children; two of whom have normal vision and
the other two have night blindness.
Draw a genetic diagram indicating the genotypes and phenotypes for each generation.
[5]
(b) Explain, using examples, how continuous variation differs from discontinuous variation.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.. [5]
[Total:10]
13
EITHER
9 (a) Compare and contrast the structure of a polypeptide and a protein.
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
.. ... [3]
(b) Distinguish between glycogen, glucagon and glycerol.
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
.. ... [7]
[Total: 10]
14
OR
9 (a) Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis.
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
.. ... [6]
(b) Using a named plant structure as an example, describe the relationship between cells,
tissues and organs.
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
... ..
.. ... [4]
[Total: 10]
End of paper
Name Reg. No Class
4EX
MAYFLOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL MAYFLOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL MAYFLOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL MAYFLOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL MAYFLOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL
BIOLOGY 6093/01
Paper 1 Multiple Choice [40 Marks]
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Additional Materials: September 2019
Approved calculator
OTAS 1 hour
Instruction to Candidates
Do not start reading the questions until you are told to do so.
Write your name, class, and index number on the OTAS provided.
Information for Candidates
There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
For each question, there are four possible answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the
OTAS.
Read the instructions on the OTAS very carefully.
Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong
answer.
Setter: Mr Timothy Ng Vetter: Mrs Marie Huang
3
3 The diagram shows the structure of a leaf.
Which letter identifies a cell, a tissue and an organ?
Cell Tissue Organ

A 3 2 4
B 1 4 3
C 4 1 2
D 2 3 1
4 The diagram shows three plant cells labelled P, Q and R. The arrow shows the movement
of water by osmosis.
What is the correct order of water potential in the cells, from the highest to the lowest?
Highest Middle Lowest

A P Q R
B P R Q
C Q P R
D R P Q
[Turn Over
4
5 Which of the following correctly states a difference between diffusion and osmosis?
Diffusion Osmosis
A against a concentration gradient along a concentration gradient
B does not require energy requires energy
C requires a partially-permeable does not require a partially-
membrane permeable membrane
D involves all particles involves mainly water molecules
6 The light micrograph below shows the appearance of some onion cells after they had
been placed in a concentrated salt solution for some time.
Identify X and the condition of the cells above.
X Condition of cells
A cell membrane crenated
B cell membrane plasmolysed
C cell wall crenated
D cell wall plasmolysed
7 Which of the following correctly states the digestion of sucrose?
nutrient enzyme products of digestion

A sucrose amylase glucose only
B sucrose lactase glucose and galactose
C sucrose lipase fatty acids and glycerol
D sucrose sucrase glucose and fructose
5
8 Five disaccharides were each hydrolysed with dilute acid and the purified products were
separated by chromatography. The results are shown in the diagram below.
1 2 3 4 5
Spot 1 in the diagram represents the products obtained from the hydrolysis of sucrose.
Which of the following represents the results obtained from the hydrolysis of lactose and
maltose?
lactose maltose
A 2 3
B 2 4
C 5 2
D 5 3
9 A student tested his fluid lunch in the following ways and got the results as shown.
Treatment Results
Added 1 ml of alcohol followed by water 1 A white emulsion was formed.
ml of water to a sample of the fluid lunch.
Added 1 ml of Biuret solution to a sample The Biuret solution turned violet.
of the fluid lunch.
Added 2 ml of Benedict s solution to a The Benedict s solution turned into
sample of the fluid lunch and placed it in a a brick-red precipitate.
boiling water bath for 3 minutes.
Added 3 drops of iodine solution to a The iodine solution remained
sample of the fluid lunch. brown.
The food substances present in the lunch could contain some of the following nutrients:
1. fat
2. protein
3. reducing sugar
4. starch
From the results of the tests, which of the nutrients were present in his lunch?
A 1 and 3 only
B 1, 2 and 3 only
C 1, 3 and 4 only
D 2, 3 and 4 only
[Turn Over
8
14 An experiment is set up as shown. The volume of gas collected is measured after 30

minutes.
The experiment is repeated several times. Each time the light intensity is increased.
Which graph shows the results?
10
17 An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of wind on the rate of transpiration
in plants. One plant had a fan directed at it throughout the experiment.
The graphs below show the rate of fall of the water levels in two plants.
Which statement is the best explanation of the difference between the two graphs?
A The fan caused an increase in the rate of translocation, resulting in increased

water uptake.
B The fan caused more evaporation of water from the cylinder and the leaves.
C The plant has a greater transpiration rate due to the increased air movement.
D The plant took up less water as the fan cooled the temperature.
16
28 Which of the following actions is not a reflex action?
A choking and coughing when food get stuck in your throat

B closing your eyelids as dust particles from smoke hit your face
C crying when you feel sad
D pulling your hand away after touching a candle flame
29 The diagrams show the eye viewed from the front and its lens in cross-section.
Which diagrams show the appearance of the pupil and the shape of the lens when
looking up at the sky at night?
A 1 and 3
B 1 and 4
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4
30 The diagram shows part of the male reproductive system.
What will be the effect of removing gland X?
A prevention of the storage of sperm before fertilisation

B reduction of the nutrients in the seminal fluid
C slowing down of the production of sperm
D stoppage of the secretion of a male hormone
18
33 In some species of dragonflies, the females have two X chromosomes while the males
have one X chromosomes and no Y chromosomes. If the normal diploid number in a
dragonfly is 16, what would be the number of chromosomes in the body cells of the male
and female dragonflies?
Male Female
dragonfly dragonfly
A 7 8
B 8 16
C 15 16
D 16 16
34 The following table shows the base composition of the chromosome in a particular insect.
Base composition/%
Adenine P Q R
31.6 18.0 18.4 32.0
Which of the following correctly identifies the unknown bases?
P Q R
A cytosine guanine thymine
B guanine cytosine uracil
C guanine uracil cytosine
D thymine guanine cytosine
In a heterozygous individual, what will be found at the equivalent position labelled Q?

19
36 The family tree shows the inheritance of a condition caused by the recessive allele g.
What is/are the possible genotypes for individual 11?
A Gg
B GG
C GG and Gg
D GG, Gg and gg
37 In a species of plant, the allele for yellow flowers is dominant to the allele for white flowers.
Which offspring is it possible to produce from a cross between two plants heterozygous
for flower colour?
A heterozygous yellow and heterozygous white

B heterozygous yellow only
C heterozygous yellow, homozygous yellow and homozygous white
D homozygous yellow only
[Turn Over
20
38 A food chain is shown.
wheat insects small birds owls lice
What is the pyramid of numbers for this food chain?
39 In the diagram below, arrows represent the movement of carbon compounds in the carbon
cycle. The circles represent carbon compounds in animals, decomposers, plants and the
atmosphere.
Which of the following options correctly identifies the four circles?
1 2 3 4
A atmosphere plants decomposers animals
B animals atmosphere Plants decomposers
C decomposers animals atmosphere plants
D plants decomposers animals atmosphere
40 Which change would lead to an increase in biodiversity in an area?
A building a large number of blocks of family dwellings in a city

B increasing the number of cows in a pedigree herd
C replacing a forest with a large palm oil plantation
D stopping fishing in an area of sea for several years
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - End of Paper - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Name Reg. No Class
4EX
BIOLOGY 6093/02
Paper 2 Theory [80 Marks]
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Additional Materials:
September 2019
Approved calculator 1 hour 45 minutes
Instruction to Candidates
Do not start reading the questions until you are told to do so.
Write your name, class, and index number on all the work you hand in.
Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE

Section A
Paper Marks
Paper 1
/ 40
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. (MCQ)
Section B Paper 2
Answer all questions. The last question is in the form of either/or. A / 50
6 / 10
Electronic calculators may be used. B 7 / 10
8 / 10
You are advised to spend no longer than one hour on Section A and no
longer than 45 minutes on Section B. Total / 120
Setter: Mr Timothy Ng Vetter: Mrs Marie Huang
Available 24/7 via WhatsApp or Call :) [Turn Over
3
(iii) Suggest how wilting helps the plant to survive during a drought when water is in
short supply.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(b) Name one process that takes place in Fig. 1.1b only during the day.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….... [1]
(c) Fig. 1.2 shows the uptake and loss of oxygen by a leaf during a 24-hour period.
Fig. 1.2
Explain the processes taking place in the leaf between 1800 hours and 2000 hours.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….... [2]
[Total marks = 10]
8
(c) Fig. 3.3 shows the transverse section of two types of blood vessels found in the
human circulatory system.
X Y
Fig. 3.3
(i) Identify blood vessel Y.
………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) Describe the differences in the structures X and Y as shown in Fig. 3.3.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
[Total marks = 12]
11
(iii) Outline the relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(f) A person with diabetes may be treated with insulin produced by genetically modified
bacteria.
Outline how such genetically modified bacteria may be produced and used to
manufacture human insulin on a commercial scale.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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[Total marks = 9]
- - - - - End of Section A - - - - -
12
Section B
Question 8 is in the form of an Either / Or question. Only one part should be answered.
6 The table below shows the distribution in blood group among a population of 1000
people living in a small town in Alaska.
Blood Group Number of people

A 410
AB 30
B 90
O 470
(a) With reference to the data above, draw a histogram to represent the data. [3]
14
(ii) Deduce using Fig. 5.1 the possible blood group(s) that Melody could have.
………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
[Total marks = 10]
7 The diagram below shows a food web of a community of organisms.
Fig. 7
(a) Referring to the food web in Fig. 7,
(i) Draw a pyramid of biomass for a food chain that consists of at least four trophic
levels.
[2]
(ii) complete the table by writing the correct number of organisms for each
statement about the food web. The first number has been written for you.
statement number
the number of producers 1
the number of consumers
the number of food chains
[1]
15
(b) The oceans and forests help in the cycling of carbon in our ecosystem. Define the
term carbon sink and describe the importance of the oceans as a carbon sink.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….... [3]
(c) Scientists observing the kingfishers did a blood test on them and discovered high
levels of the pesticide, DDT accumulating in their bodies. They noticed that the
kingfishers frequently preyed along the rivers near a farming community.
Explain how the excessive use of DDT by the farmers affects the survival of the
kingfishers.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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…………………………………………………………………………………………….... [4]
[Total marks = 10]
16
8 Either
(a) Distinguish between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction in flowering

plants.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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…………………………………………………………………………………………….... [4]
(b) Fig. 8.1 below shows the flower of a plant.
Fig. 8.1
Describe and explain two adaptations observed in Fig. 8.1 that facilitate pollination of
this flower.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………….... [2]
17
(c) Describe the processes that takes place in a flower from Fig. 8 after it is successfully
pollinated.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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…………………………………………………………………………………………….... [4]
[Total marks = 10]
8 Or
(a) Describe the levels of hormone oestrogen and progesterone and its effect in the
menstrual cycle.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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…………………………………………………………………………………………….... [5]
5
7 The bar graph shows the concentration of various ions on the inside and outside of an
animal cell.
Which of the following ions would be taken up by the following methods into the cell?
diffusion active transport

A Cl , Ca2+ Na+, K+
B K+, Ca2+ Na+, Cl
C Na+, Cl K+, Ca2+
D Na+, K+ Cl , Ca2+
8 The diagram shows the structure of a molecule.
Which one of the following tests would give a positive result?
A adding biuret solution

B adding iodine in potassium iodide solution
C heating with Benedict’s solution
D shaking with ethanol then pouring into water
6
9 Which of the following is not a function of water in our body?
A A medium for chemical reactions to take place.

B Helps to control body temperature.
C Helps to transport hormones.
D To provide energy for cell activities.
10 Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease. Individuals with the disease have high levels
of the amino acid phenylalanine in the blood. They also have pale skin due to lack of
melanin.
The diagram shows a series of reactions that occurs in individuals who are not affected
phenylketonuria.
Which enzyme(s) is/are lacking in individuals affected by phenylketonuria?
A 1 and 2
B 2 and 4
C 3 and 4
D 4 only
7
11 The following diagram represents an enzymatic reaction.
Which of the following reactions can be represented by the above diagram?
A synthesis of fat from fatty acids and glycerol

B synthesis of maltose from glucose
C synthesis of polypeptide from different amino acids
D synthesis of starch from glucose
12 The diagram shows some food moving along the alimentary canal.
Which row identifies muscle X and its action, and the component in the food bolus that
will most likely stimulate the movement shown?
component in food bolus that

muscle X muscle action
stimulates movement
A circular muscle contracting fibre (roughage)
B circular muscle relaxing fibre (roughage)
C longitudinal muscle contracting protein
D longitudinal muscle relaxing protein
8
13 A sample of blood was taken from a patient. Two drops of blood were placed on a white
tile and tested with serum containing ‘antibodies a’ and ‘antibodies b’ respectively.
The results of the test are shown.
serum with antibodies a serum with antibodies b
blood samples
clumping no clumping
What conclusion can be made regarding the characteristics of the patient’s blood type?
A The patient can donate blood to another person with blood type B
B The patient’s blood type is AB.
C The patient’s red blood cells contain antigen A.
D The patient’s red blood cells do not contain any antigens.
14 The diagram shows some body cells and a nearby capillary.
Which row is not a possible difference between fluid A and fluid B?
fluid A fluid B
A less dissolved glucose more dissolved glucose
B more red blood cells fewer red blood cells
C more white blood cells fewer white blood cells
D some dissolved glucose no dissolved glucose
9
15 Cobalt chloride paper is blue when dry but turns pink when wet. Some blue cobalt
chloride paper was fastened to the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf on a plant X and
a leaf on plant Y.
The diagram shows the results of the experiment.
Which conclusion is correct?
A It was an unreliable experiment as it was difficult to ascertain the colour change in

cobalt chloride paper.
B There are more stomata on the upper side than underside of the leaf.
C There is an error in the experiment as the cobalt chloride paper on the underside of
the leaf should turn pink faster.
D Translocation occurred on both sides of the leaf.
16 The photomicrograph shows part of a section of a plant.
In which tissue are nitrates transported?
10
17 The table shows the rate of water flow through a tree over a 12-hour period.
What conclusion can be drawn from the table?
A Between 7:00 and 17:00 hours, the rate of flow continuously increases.
B The greatest increase in rate of flow is between 11:00 and 13:00 hours.
C Water does not flow up through a tree in the evening.
D Water flow is affected by humidity between 15:00 and 17:00 hours.
18 The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis in a plant in full sunlight at two different
temperatures and different concentrations of carbon dioxide.
Which conclusion can be drawn from the graph?
A At atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, carbon dioxide concentration has no

effect on photosynthesis.
B At high carbon dioxide concentration, temperature limits the rate of photosynthesis.
C Carbon dioxide concentration limits the rate of photosynthesis.
D When temperature is low, the plant cannot photosynthesise.
11
19 Which substance has the same concentration in dialysis fluid as in blood?
A creatinine
B glucose
C protein
D urea
20 What happens when the core temperature of the body increases?
diameter of
sweat production
blood vessels in the skin
A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases
21 Which diagram shows how light from a near object is focused on the retina to form a
clear image?
22 The table shows the results of a blood and urine test of four different individuals.
Which individual(s) may have diabetes?
A 1 only
B 1 and 2
C 2 and 3
D 3 and 4
12
23 The graph shows the changes in the diameter of the pupil of the eye as the light intensity
of the surroundings is changed.
Between which times is the light intensity decreasing?
A 5 to 10 seconds
B 25 to 35 seconds
C 35 to 40 seconds
D 40 to 50 seconds
24 The diagram shows the mitotic cell cycle.
When radioactive nucleotides are supplied to dividing cells, at which point will they be
incorporated into the chromosomes?
13
25 The diagram represents the life cycle of an animal. There are 24 chromosomes in the
body cell of this animal.
At which stage in the life cycle does fertilisation, meiosis and mitosis occur?
fertilisation meiosis mitosis

A 1 3 2
B 2 4 1
C 3 1 4
D 4 2 3
26 Which diagram represents a pair of homologous chromosomes after replication?
27 Colchicine is a well-known mitotic poison that inhibits the formation of spindle fibres.
What might be observed in cells that are exposed to colchicine?
A Centrioles of the cell will fail to replicate.

B Chromosomes are randomly distributed throughout the cell during metaphase.
C Chromosomes remain as loose chromatin threads.
D Sister chromatids are separated rather than held together at the centromere.
14
28 The diagram shows chromosomes during mitosis.
How many pairs of chromatids and homologous chromosomes are shown and which
stage of mitosis is shown?
pairs of homologous
pairs of chromatids stage of mitosis
chromosomes
A 3 6 prophase
B 3 6 telophase
C 6 3 prophase
D 6 3 telophase
29 The diagram below represents the nucleus of a body cell of an organism.
The diagrams below show the appearance of the same cell during different stages of
cell division.
Which diagrams show stages of meiosis?
A P and R
B P and S
C Q and R
D Q and S
16
32 The diagram shows two separate flowers from the same species of plant at different
stages in their development.
Which row gives the method by which these flowers can be pollinated?
type of pollination type of pollination

possible in flower 1 possible in flower 2
A insect wind
B self insect
C wind insect
D wind wind
33 A number of new plants are growing from pieces of a plant that have become detached
and have rooted in soil.
Which statement is correct about these new plants when they mature?
A The new plants are formed after self-pollination.

B They will all grow to the same size.
C They will all have the same colour flowers.
D They will all produce the same number of fruit.
18
36 Flowering plants use different methods to ensure that their flowers are pollinated
successfully.
Some of these methods are listed.

1 Plant 1 has flowers in which the female parts ripen before the male parts.
2 Plant 2 has separate male and female flowers.
3 Plant 3 has separate male and female plants.
4 Plant 4 has flowers in which the male parts ripen before the female parts.
5 Plant 5 has flowers in which the male and female parts ripen at the same time.
Which method(s) make it more likely that self-pollination will take place?
A 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
B 1 and 4 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 5 only
37 The diagram shows a structure taken from the flower of Morning Glory.
A An embryo is formed when the structure fuses with the female gamete.
B The structure can only germinate if it lands on the stigma of another flower.
C The structure is the male gamete of a plant.
D The sugary fluid of a stigma stimulates the structure to germinate.
19
38 Huntington’s disease is an inherited disorder of the central nervous system. It is

caused by a dominant allele. The family tree shows the inheritance of Huntington’s
disease.
Which individual’s symbol is not correct?
39 The diagram shows one stage of the process to produce recombinant DNA that will
synthesise human insulin for the treatment of diabetes.
What is the next stage of this process?
A Add the altered bacterium to human food.

B Inject the altered bacterium into the blood of a person with diabetes.
C Put the bacterium into a fermenter to multiply rapidly.
D Use the altered bacterium in a nasal spray.
20
40 Which pyramid of numbers has more primary consumers than producers?
End of Paper 1
2
Section A: Structured Questions [50m]

Answer all questions in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
1 Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a section through the heart.
Fig. 1
(a) One of the dotted circles shows that the area affected involves a hole in
the septum between the ventricles.
Write down the label of the dotted circle that shows
(i) a hole in the septum between the ventricles and [1]
(ii) a narrowing of the semilunar valve of the pulmonary artery. [1]
(b) Describe the structural defect shown by the dotted circle labelled D. [1]
3
(c) The dotted circle labelled A shows the area affected in a person with
the congenital heart disease called patent ductus arteriosus.
Suggest and explain how the flow of blood in a person with patent
ductus arteriosus differs from that of a person with a healthy heart. [3]
[Total: 6]
2 Fig. 2 is a graph of the volume of air flowing into and out of the lungs of a
human while breathing at rest.
Fig. 2
(a) (i) State how many breaths are inhaled in 15 seconds. [1]
4
(ii) State the volume of air breathed in during each breath. [1]
(iii) Calculate the volume of air breathed in during one minute.

Show your working. [2]
cm3
(b) (i) At time X the person began to exercise. Sketch on the graph five
more breaths for this person during this exercise. [2]
(ii) Explain the difference in the graph before and after time X. [4]
[Total: 10]
5
3 Amniocentesis is a test that may be offered during pregnancy to find the sex
of the fetus and to detect mutations.
During the test, a long, hollow needle may be used to withdraw some of the
fluid into a syringe, as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3
(a) Name fluid C and state its function. [2]
name of fluid
function
(b) Suggest how fluid C is used to find the sex of the fetus and to detect
mutations. [2]
(c) On Fig. 3, label
(i) the placenta using a line and the letter P [1]
(ii) the umbilical cord using a line and the letter U. [1]
6
(d) Describe the functional relationship between the placenta and the
umbilical cord. [3]
[Total: 9]
4 Fig. 4 shows some parts of the human alimentary canal and associated
organs.
Fig. 4
(a) An ulcer can develop on the wall of the stomach, which can cause a
person pain. The pain may be relieved by taking a drug that reduces the
amount of acid produced by the cells in the stomach wall.
Suggest and explain how the processes taking place in the stomach
may be affected in a person taking this drug. [4]
7
(b) Describe how X and Y work together in fat digestion. [4]
[Total: 8]
9
[Total: 4]
6 An investigation was carried out into the effect of diet on the rate of
production of urine. Three students each took 1.5 dm3 of a different drink A,
B or C.
Fig. 6 shows the volume of urine released by each student over the next two
and a half hours.
Fig. 6
(a) Suggest which of the three drinks contained the highest amount of
mineral salts.
Give an explanation for your answer. [4]
drink with highest amount of mineral salts
explanation
(b) Urine released by the student who took drink B was found to contain
high levels of urea. [3]
10
Suggest a possible reason for this result.
[Total: 7]
7 Fig. 7 shows a section through the skin.
Fig. 7
(a) Suggest two possible functions of the nerve endings shown in Fig. 7. [2]
1.
2.
(b) Explain how the capillaries shown in Fig. 7 are involved in the loss of
heat from the body during exercise. [3]
11
(c) A layer of fat is shown in Fig. 7.
Suggest a function for this structure in mammals living in an extremely

cold climate. [1]
[Total: 6]
12
Section B: Free Response Questions [30m]

Question 10 is in the form of an Either/Or question.
Only one part should be answered.
Write your answers in the space provided.
8 (a) A man blames his wife for the sex of their child.
Use your knowledge of how sex is inherited to explain which parent

determines the sex of a child. [6]
13
(b) Researchers at Harvard Medical School recently designed a model to

show how bacteria overcome drugs meant to stop and destroy them.
Fig. 8 shows bacteria growing on the surface of a dish containing

nutrient jelly (which appear black). At the start of the experiment, the
bacteria (which appear white) only grew on the part of the jelly that did
not contain antibiotic. After some time, a small group of bacteria is seen
in the part of the jelly that contained the antibiotic.
Fig. 8
Use the information above, and your knowledge of the process of

natural selection, to describe and explain the observation described
above. [4]
[Total: 10]
14
9 The following experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of light
intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of a water plant, Elodea.
Elodea was cut into three pieces, each 10 cm long.

Each piece of Elodea was placed in a glass tube, containing 0.5
sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, which was then sealed with a
bung.
Tube A was placed 10 cm away from a lamp.
Tube B was placed 5 cm away from a lamp.
Tube C was placed in a dark room.
An oxygen sensor was used to measure the percentage of oxygen in
the solutions at the start of the experiment and again at 5, 10 and 20
minutes.
The results are shown in Fig. 9.
Fig. 9
15
(a) Calculate the mean rate of oxygen production for tube A for the 20
minutes of the experiment.
Give your answer to two decimal places.

Show your working. [1]
answer
(b) Describe how more results can be obtained to plot a new graph that
shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. [4]
(c) Explain the results for tube C. [2]
16
(d) The fruit of Elodea contain seeds that ripen underwater.
Describe how photosynthesis in Elodea can lead to an increase in the

level of starch in its seeds. [3]
[Total: 10]
17
Either
10 A child is frightened by a sudden loud noise and turns to run away from the
noise.
(a) Explain why the child’s heart beats faster immediately after hearing the
sudden loud noise. [5]
(b) Describe the pathway of nerve impulses in the child’s act of running
away. [5]
[Total: 10]
18
Or
10 Table 10 shows the quantities of pesticides, in parts per million (ppm) that
accumulate in four populations, each at different trophic levels in a food
chain.
Table 10
population A B C D
quantity of
pesticide 40 400 120 2000
accumulated/ ppm
(a) Draw a bar chart of the data in Table 10. [3]
19
(b) State what is meant by the term trophic level. [1]
(c) (i) Draw the food chain shown in Table 10. [1]
(ii) Explain your answer in (c)(i). [5]
[Total: 10]
End of Paper 2
Name: ………………………………………………….. ( ) Class: Sec 4A

Biology
6093/01

Monday Duration: 1 hour

Write your name, class and index number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided.
Sheet.
Looking For A Home Tutor?

This Contact Singapore's
document consists#1ofTuition Agencypages.
26 printed @ +65 9695 3522
4
5 Urease is an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of urea to ammonia and carbon
dioxide. An experiment was carried out at 30 C to investigate the effect of pH on the
activity of urease. 10.0 cm3 of pH 3 buffer solution was mixed with 1 cm3 of urease
solution. This mixture was then added to 10.0 cm3 of urea solution and the
concentration of ammonia in the mixture was measured after 60 minutes. This
procedure was repeated using buffer solutions of pH 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
The results are shown in the graph below.
Which of the following statements are true about the activity of urease at different pH
values?
I: A curve of similar shape should be obtained if the concentration of carbon

dioxide is tracked in the experiment.
II: A curve of similar shape should be obtained if the experiment is conducted
at 60 C.
III: This enzyme works best at pH 7.
IV: The enzyme is denatured at pH 9.
A I and II B I, II and III C I, III and IV D I, II, III and IV

6
8 The graph below shows the distribution of stomata on the upper and the lower
epidermis of the leaves of four plants. Which of these plants would you find in a
desert?
5000 key
Number of stomata per cm3 upper epidermis
lower epidermis
0 plant A plant B plant C plant D
9 The graph shows the blood glucose concentration over a period of time.
Which statement is consistent with the blood glucose concentration at eight hours?
A adrenaline secretion is high

B insulin secretion is high
C insulin secretion is low
D the brain detects the low glucose concentration

8
11 The graph below shows the variation in blood pressure of the five main types of
blood vessels in the circulatory system of man.
Increasing value in blood pressure
M N O P Q
Which of the following correctly identifies the blood vessels labelled M to Q?
M N O P Q
A arterioles arteries veins venules capillaries
B arteries arterioles capillaries veins venules
C veins venules capillaries arterioles arteries
D arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins

10
13 The table below shows the changes in the dry weight of substances found in seeds
before and after germination in a dark covered container.
Dry weight of seedlings

Parts of seed Dry weight of seeds /g formed after germination in
darkness /g
Fats 86.2 32.2
Sugars 7.3 19.0
Cellulose 5.4 14.6
Simple proteins 21.6 11.2
Others 24.9 49.1
Total dry weight 145.4 126.1
Why is there a greater mass of cellulose in the seedlings compared to the seeds?
A Cellulose and fats are used up during respiration.

B Cellulose is formed as the number of cells increased.
C Cellulose is translocated from the seeds to the seedlings.
D Cellulose is formed as a storage substance in the seedling.
14 Which of the following are not the characteristics of nervous impulses?
I It can be transmitted in reverse directions.

II Transmission along a nerve fibre are both electrical and chemical in nature.
III The initiation of impulses always starts from the brain.
A I and II B II and III C I and III D I, II and III

12
16 The mechanism of how stomata opens and closes is shown below.
light
photosynthesis
Lower carbon dioxide

concentration
Less acidic
sugar
starch
higher water potential more acidic lower water potential

of guard cells of guard cells
higher carbon dioxide

concentration
guard cells lose water guard cells absorb
and become W water and become Y
respiration
At night
stoma X stoma
Which of the following correctly represents W, X, Y and ?
W X Y
A flaccid opens turgid closes
B flaccid closes turgid opens
C turgid closes flaccid opens
D turgid opens flaccid closes

16
For questions 22 and 23, refer to the results of blood group testing of three people,
John, Jacob and Jennifer, shown below.
22 To which blood group does each belong?
John Jacob Jennifer

A A B AB
B B AB O
C AB A B
D O AB A
23 What causes the red blood cells of John to clump when his blood is mixed with serum
from group A?
A Antibody a in the serum reacts with antigen A on the red blood cells.
B Antibody a in the serum reacts with antigen B on the red blood cells.
C Antibody b in the serum reacts with antigen B on the red blood cells.
D Antibody b in the serum reacts with antigen A on the red blood cells.

17
24 Long term kidney failure can be treated by introducing sterile dialysis fluid into the
abdominal cavity. The fluid is drained and replaced regularly using a tube inserted
surgically through the abdominal wall. Why does this method work well?
A It is because osmoregulation and excretion are achieved by diffusion

between the blood in the abdominal capillaries and the dialysis fluid.
B It is because osmoregulation and excretion are achieved by the

active transport of ions, water and urea between the abdominal capillaries
and the dialysis fluid.
C It is because the fluid is in direct contact with the kidneys and urea so that
excess ions can pass into it without being filtered by the glomeruli.
D It is because the fluid is in direct contact with the liver and the large intestine
so that waste and excess ions can pass into it from these organs.
25 The diagram shows the structures associated with a human kidney. What are the
relative concentrations of urea in X, Y and ?
X Y
A high low high
B high low low
C low high high
D low high low

18
26 A person walks into a very cold room. Shortly afterwards the hairs on their skin are
raised. Which labelled structure is included in the first stage of this reflex?
27 The following diagrams show models which demonstrate the actions of a set of
muscles used during breathing.
Y pushed forwards
Which structures in the human thorax are represented by parts X and Y on the model
and what process is exhibited as Y is pushed upwards?
X Y process
A bronchus ribs inhalation
B bronchus diaphragm exhalation
C trachea ribs inhalation
D trachea diaphragm exhalation

20
30 The diagram shows the male reproductive system and part of the urinary system. Which
labelled part stores passive sperms?
31 Some species of plant reproduce vegetatively by producing slender side-shoots called

runners, which grow along the ground surface and roots at the nodes as shown in the
diagram below. Eventually, the runner decays, leaving the rooted parts to develop as
independent plants.
parent plant
runner
daughter plant
In which of the following ways may this method of reproduction have an advantage
over reproduction by seed?
A The offspring are identical to the parent and are able to survive well in the
same environment as the parent plant.
B Rapid growth of the runners will ensure a much wider range of dispersal.
C There is no possibility of a mutation occurring to give offspring of a different
genotype.
D Those plants which compete with this species will have less chance of
becoming established nearby.

22
33 The table below shows the relative amounts of DNA found in different cells.
animal sperm cell/arbitrary units blood cell/arbitrary units

chicken 1.3 2.5
frog 3.7 7.3
human 3.3 7.3
trout 2.7 5.8
Which of these conclusions is incorrect?
A The amount of DNA in each cell is in proportion to the size of the animal.
B Not all animals have the same amount of DNA.
C The sperm cells have roughly half the number of chromosomes found in
blood cells.
D The amount of DNA in the same type of cells varies from animal to
animal.

26
39 A population of chipmunks migrated to an environment where they had little

competition. Their population quickly increases but eventually stabilised as shown in
the graph. Which statement best explains why the population stabilised?
A A predator species came to an area and occupied the same niche as the
chipmunks.
B An increase in the chipmunks population caused an increase in the

producer population.
C Interbreeding between members of the population increased the mutation

rate.
D The population size became limited due to factors such as availability of

food.
40 Consider the food chain below :
Tree caterpillar birds protozoa
Which of the following correctly illustrates the pyramid of biomass and pyramid of
numbers?
pyramid of biomass pyramid of numbers

Name: ………………………………………………….. ( ) Class: Sec 4A

Biology
6093/02

Tuesday Duration: 1 hour 45 minutes
Additional Materials: Question Paper

Graph paper (1 sheet)

Section A
Section B Examiner’s Use

Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Section A /50
Electronic calculators may be used. Section B /30
You are advised to spend no longer than one hour on Section A and no Q8
longer than 45 minutes on Section B.
At the end of the examination fasten all your work securely together. Q9
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question
or part question. Q10
TOTAL /80
Section A
1 An experiment was carried out with a plant over a period of three days to measure
the rate of water uptake by the plant. The table below shows the rate of the uptake
of water during the three days.
Day Time (Hour) Rate of Water Uptake (ml/hour)
Day 1 1200 10
2400 4
Day 2 1200 16
2400 4
Day 3 1200 9
2400 4
(a) Using the information obtained from the table above, account for the rate of
water uptake at midnight each day.
[2]
(b) Suggest a reason for the difference in the rate of water uptake at 1200 on the
three days.
[3]
[Total: 5]
2 Two rats X and Y, of equal weight but belonging to different species, were given the
same amount of food. They were kept in the same environmental conditions inside
the laboratory for three days. The average daily gain and loss of water by each rat is
shown in the following chart:
water gain water loss

Gain or loss of water (g per day)
Metabolic water sweat and urine faeces

expired air
Rat X Rat Y
(a) State two environmental conditions that should be kept constant

during the experimental period.
[2]
(b) (i) Briefly describe one way by which the rats obtain metabolic water.
[1]
(ii) What will be the result if the rats fail to maintain the water
balance?
[1]
(c) If rat X is forced to do vigorous exercise, what will be the change in

the amount of water lost in each of the three waste products?
Explain your suggestion.
[2]
[Total: 6]
3 Fig. 3.1 shows a food chain and the energy flow through it.
Fig. 3.1
(a) Calculate the energy values M and N.
M: [1]
N: [1]
(b) Which group of organisms might X belong to?
[1]
(c) Suggest two processes that might account for the loss of energy
from the organisms to the environment.
[2]
(d) Suggest why the herbivores lose more energy to the environment
than the plants.
[2]
[Total: 7]
4 Photomicrograph X shows the transverse section of the reproductive part of a plant.

Photomicrograph Y shows a magnified image of the cells found in the reproductive
structure.
Photomicrograph X Photomicrograph Y
Fig 4.1
(a) Identify structures X and Y.
X: [1]
Y: [1]
(b) (i) Name the type of cell division involved in the production of cells shown
in photomicrograph Y.
[1]
(ii) Explain the significance of the type of cell division you mentioned in (b)
(i).
[3]
(c) From the structure of Y, suggest how it is transferred from one reproductive
structure to another. Give a reason for your answer.
[2]
(d) Describe one similarity and difference between structure Y in plant and
human.
similarity
[1]
difference
[1]
[Total: 9]
(c) Potassium and bromide ions are absorbed into the plants by the roots. Explain
briefly the adaptations of the root hairs in order to carry out its function.
[2]
(d) Outline the route taken by the bromide ions as it travels from the roots to the
leaves.
[3]
[Total: 9]
10
6 In humans, the inherited disease, Huntington’s chorea, is caused by a dominant allele.

Answer the questions with reference to the following pedigree:
1 2
3 4 5 6 7
male with the disease female with the disease
normal male normal female
Fig. 6.1
(a) From the information given in Fig. 6.1, deduce the genotypes of individuals 1
and 2. Explain how you arrive at your answer.
individual 1: [1]
individual 2: [1]
explanation:
[1]
11
(b) What is the chance of a second child of the couple 6 and 7 being normal?
Explain your answer with the help of a genetic diagram.
[5]
(c) Suggest, if any, the possibility that individual 4 will have a child with the
Huntington chorea if she is married to a normal man.
[2]
[Total: 10]
12
7 The following graph shows the result of an experiment where strips of potato of
similar shape and size were immersed in sucrose solutions of different
concentrations.
(a) If the average initial mass of each potato strip is 3.2g, what is the average final
mass of the potato strip that has been immersed in the 0.5M sucrose solution?
[2]
(b) What is the water potential of the potato cell sap in terms of the concentration
of the sucrose solution? Give a reason for your answer.
[2]
[Total: 4]
13
Section B
Answer three questions in this section.
Q10 is in the form of an Either / Or format. Only one part should be answered.
8 Two different types of haemoglobin were extracted from a pregnant woman.

The percentage saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen is a measure of how
readily the haemoglobin binds with oxygen.
Table 8.1 shows the percentage saturation of haemoglobin at different partial

pressure of oxygen.
Table 8.1
Partial Pressure of oxygen / Kpa 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
% saturation of fetal 0 20 56 80 90 94 98
haemoglobin
% saturation of normal 0 12 36 66 82 90 96
haemoglobin
(a) Plot the percentage saturation of fetal and normal haemoglobin at

different partial pressure of oxygen on the grid.
[4]
14
(b) Using the graph above, describe and explain the trend shown by the
fetal haemoglobin and normal haemoglobin at different pressures of
oxygen.
[3]
(c) Describe how the fetus obtains oxygen from the mother during the
development of the fetus.
[3]
[Total: 10]
15
9 (a) The disease diabetes occurs commonly among obese people. One of the
symptoms is the presence of glucose in the urine. Describe a test to check
for the presence of glucose in the urine of diabetics.
[2]
(b) Diabetics are usually treated with daily insulin injections. Until recently,
the insulin used to treat diabetics was extracted from animals. Nowadays,
genetically engineered insulin is used widely for the treatment of diabetes.
(i) Use your knowledge of the basic principles of genetic engineering

to explain how genetically engineered insulin is produced.
[6]
16
(ii) Suggest two advantages of using genetically engineered insulin

to treat diabetes as compared to the insulin extracted from
animals.
[2]
[Total: 10]
17
10 EITHER
(a) Describe the main stages in the menstrual cycle of an unmarried female.
Explain how hormones help in controlling this cycle.
[6]
(b) "Upon successful fertilisation in a female mammal, the uterus plays a

very important role in the development of the embryo till its birth." How
true is this statement?
[4]
[Total: 10]
18
10 OR
(a) In extremely cold conditions people may get frostbite. This causes the
cells in the toes and fingers to die. Explain why this takes place even
though thick gloves, socks and shoes are worn.
[5]
(b) Explain why our body shiver in cold conditions and perspire in hot
weather conditions.
[5]
[Total: 10]

PAPER 1 1 HOUR
Additional Optical Answer Sheet

Materials :
This paper consists of 40 Multiple Choice Questions.

Answer ALL questions. For each question, there are four possible answers, A, B,
C and D. Choose the most appropriate answer and shade on the Optical Answer
Sheet (OAS) provided.
Write your name, class and shade your register number in the spaces on the OAS.
Do not fold nor use any correction fluid on the OAS. Read the instructions on the
OAS carefully.
The total number of mark for this paper is 40 marks.

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (40 Marks)
1 Mature red blood cells have no nucleus and no mitochondria. Which of the
following processes can be carried out by a mature red blood cell?
A Aerobic respiration
B Anaerobic respiration
C Cell division
D Protein synthesis
2 Strips of potato tuber tissue were immersed in distilled water or in sucrose

solutions of different concentrations. The graph shows the percentage change in
length of the strips.
Which statement best explains the change that occurred in the potato strips
immersed in 0.1 mol dm-3 sucrose solution?
A Sucrose molecules diffused into the potato cells.

B Sucrose molecules were actively transported into the potato cells.
C The water potential of the sucrose solution was less than the water potential
inside the cells.
D The water potential of the sucrose solution was higher than the water
potential inside the cells.

3 The diagram shows a blood capillary among tissue cells.
Which of the following best describes the movement of key substances in the
directions of the arrows P and Q?
P Q
A CO 2 ; through diffusion oxygen; through diffusion
B water; through osmosis oxygen; through diffusion
C oxygen; through diffusion CO 2 ; through diffusion
D oxygen; through diffusion water; through osmosis
4 A student carried out four food tests on a sample. The results are shown below.
test appearance of sample after test

iodine test blue black
biuret test light blue
emulsion test white emulsion
Benedict’s test green
What did the sample contain?
A glucose and protein

B glucose and sucrose
C starch and proteins
D starch and fats

11 Which of the following correctly describes how Organ Y is adapted for its function?
structural feature function

A acidic pH provides optimum pH for intestinal enzymes to function
B long maximises time for absorption
C presence of villi decreases surface area for absorption
D one-celled thick increases distance between intestinal lumen and blood
epithelium vessels for diffusion
12 Samples of digestive juices were obtained from 3 patients’ small intestines,

which were then tested for the presence of fats. The conditions faced by each
patient is shown below.

Pancreatic duct blocked No Yes Yes
Bile duct blocked No No Yes
Which of the following shows the most probable results from the test for the
presence of fats?

A negative positive positive
B positive positive negative
C positive negative positive
D negative negative positive
13 Which of the following explains why plants have a lower rate of photosynthesis
during wilting?
I. Wilted leaves have less surface area exposed to sunlight
II. Stomata size is reduced due to guard cells becoming turgid
III. Less water is available for photosynthesis
A I only
B I and II only
C I and III only
D I, II, and III

16 The diagram shows the graph of photosynthetic rate against light intensity.
What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis at regions 1 and 2?
Region 1 Region 2
A CO 2 concentration Light intensity
B CO 2 concentration Temperature
C Light intensity CO 2 concentration
D Light intensity Temperature
17 Which of the following features allow an artery to withstand the pressure of blood
flowing through it?
I. smooth endothelium
II. thick elastic layer in the artery wall
III. thick layer of muscles in the artery wall
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II, and III.

18 In a medical investigation, a dye was injected into the renal artery of a patient.
The dye was not filtered out of the blood in the kidneys.
Which chamber of the heart would be the first to receive blood with this dye in it?
A
D
19 A drug has been found to inhibit the effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What
would be the consequence of administering this drug to a healthy person?
A A smaller volume of urine would be formed.

B More proteins would be present in the urine.
C The person will become dehydrated.
D The urine concentration will increase.
20 Where does most reabsorption of water occur in the kidney?

A collecting duct
B distal convoluted tubule
C loop of Henle

22 Four processes that take place in the human body are listed.
I. absorption of amino acids through the villi

II. maintenance of constant body temperature
III. production of lactic acid in muscles
IV. regulation of blood glucose concentration
Which two processes are directly controlled by negative feedback?
A I and II
B I and IV
C II and III
D II and IV
23 The graph shows the relationship between the level of hormone X and blood
glucose within the human body.
Which of the following correctly identifies hormone X and explains its relationship
to blood glucose?
hormone X explanation
A insulin stimulates conversion of glycogen into glucose
B insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen
C adrenaline stimulates conversion of glycogen into glucose
D adrenaline stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen

24 What is the function of the iris in the mammalian eye?
A to alter the shape of the lens
B to control the amount of light entering the eye
C to focus light rays on the retina
D to protect the cornea from damage
25 The following events occur when a person is focusing on a near object.
1. lens become thicker

2. nerve impulses travel along optic nerve to the brain
3. photoreceptors are activated and nerve impulses are produced
4. nerve impulses transmitted to ciliary muscles via motor neurons
5. ciliary muscles contract and suspensory ligaments relax
What is the correct order of these events?
first last
A 3 2 5 4 1
B 3 5 2 4 1
C 3 4 5 2 1
D 3 2 4 5 1
26 Last night, Jane’s sister turned off the lights while the family was watching
television. Jane felt that the screen got brighter even though the actual brightness
had not been changed.
Which of the following accounts for Jane’s perception of the increase in brightness
of the screen?
A relaxation of the circular muscle of the iris
B relaxation of the radial muscle of the iris
C relaxation of ciliary muscles
D contraction of ciliary muscles

29 The graph shows the amount of DNA in the nuclei of cells dividing via meiosis.
DNA content /
arbitrary units
Y
time
Which stages do X and Y represent respectively?
A Metaphase I and Telophase I

B Prophase I and Telophase II
C Telophase I and Metaphase II
D Telophase I and Telophase II
30 The diagram below shows two flowers of the same species.

Which arrow represents cross-pollination?
A B
D
C

31 What is/are some of the advantage(s) of plants that undergo cross-pollination?

I. Results in greater variation of offspring.
II. Bisexual flowers are no longer necessary for pollination.
III. Chances of offspring surviving changes to environment are higher.
IV. Beneficial qualities are passed on from both parents to offspring.
A I only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D II and IV only
32 For which process is the pollen tube essential?
A for the cross-pollination of the flower

B for the dispersal of pollen grains from the anther
C to allow the male gamete to reach the ovule
D to provide a site for fertilisation to occur
33 The diagram shows a human sperm cell.
What does structure P always contain?
A an X chromosome
B a Y chromosome
C either an X or a Y chromosome
D both an X and a Y chromosome

34 A 1:1 phenotypic ratio in the offspring in a test cross for a monohybrid trait indicates
that .
A the alleles are dominant
B the alleles are co-dominant
C one parent must have been homozygous dominant
D one parent must have been a heterozygote
35 A study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of an herbicide over 6 years. A

fixed amount of herbicide was sprayed onto a field of weeds in January and the
percentage of weeds that survived was recorded in June.
The graph below shows the results of the study.

% of surviving weeds
1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992

Year
Which of the following processes explains the results?
A artificial selection
B genetic engineering
C natural selection
D mutation

36 A woman with blood group O and a man with blood group AB had children
together. Which statement about their children’s blood groups is correct?
A None of their children will have the same blood group as either parent.
B 50% of their children will have the same blood group as their mother.
C 50% of their children will have the same blood group as their father.
D All their children will have the same blood group.
37 Mr and Mrs P both suffer from a rare heart disease. Children who inherit two
copies of the dominant allele rarely survive beyond puberty.
What is the probability that their third child will not be affected?
A 0%
B 25 %
C 75 %
D 100%
38 Which of the following best explains why a food chain will usually not contain
more than five trophic levels?
A The amount of biomass is insufficient to support more levels.
B The amount of energy is insufficient to support higher levels.
C The number of organisms at higher levels will be too small.
D There are very few organisms that feed on carnivores.

The carbon cycle can be illustrated using the following diagram. Processes 1, 2, 3
and 4 represent the processes involved in the flow of carbon compounds.
Refer to the diagram to answer questions 39 and 40.
39 Which one of the following shows what each letter ( , , L and M) could represent?
L M
A atmosphere grass decomposers sheep
B decomposers sheep atmosphere grass
C decomposers grass atmosphere sheep
D sheep atmosphere grass decomposers
40 Which one of the following would be likely to happen if process 4 does not
occur?
A The population of the grass would increase.
B Carbon cycling would occur in the reverse direction.
C Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere would decrease.
D The rate at which carbon dioxide is released would increase.
END OF PAPER


PAPER 2 1 HOUR 45 MIN
Additional Nil
Materials :

Write your name, class and register number in the spaces provided on the
writing papers.
Answer both Section A and Section B.
Section A:
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question paper.
Section B:
Question 10 is in the form of an Either/Or question and only one alternative
should be attempted.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in the question paper.
The total mark for this paper is 80 marks.

Section A: Structured Questions (50 marks)
1 In the past, the insulin protein was derived from pigs and cattle. Currently,
bacterial plasmids are being utilised to produce human insulin for medical use.
Fig. 1.1 shows the stages involved in the insertion of the human insulin gene into
a bacterial plasmid.
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) State the substance that makes up the plasmid.
.............................................. [1]
(ii) Name enzyme A and describe its role in insulin production.
...................................................
...................................................
...................................................
............................................... [2]

(iii) The sticky ends of the bacterial plasmid are complementary to the
sticky ends found on the human insulin gene.
With reference to Fig. 1.1, state the pair of base sequences on the
plasmid that would enable ligation of the human insulin gene.
.............................................. [1]
(iv) Suggest one advantage of using bacterial plasmids to produce

insulin as compared to retrieving insulin from animal sources.
.............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Purified insulin from bacterial cells is injected into diabetic patients.
Explain how diabetic patients would benefit from this treatment.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
.................................................................. [3]
[Total: 8]

2 Fig. 2.1 shows the different stages in the life cycle of a plant.
Fig. 2.1
(a) (i) Identify the stage(s) at which meiosis has taken place.
...................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain 2 reasons why meiosis is important in reproduction.
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows an animal cell undergoing nuclear division.
Fig. 2.2
(i) Identify the stage of nuclear division that is taking place in Fig. 2.2.
...................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (i).
...........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) How would this process differ if it were occurring in a plant cell?
...........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]

3 Fig. 3.1 shows the rate of oxygen production in a plant at varying temperatures.
Fig. 3.1
(a) (i) State the word equation for photosynthesis.
...................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe and explain the shape of the graph in Fig. 3.1.
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The temperature of the air surrounding the plant has an effect on
transpiration rate.
(i) Explain how temperature affects the rate of transpiration.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain two ways through which wilting affects the rate of
photosynthesis.
1 ........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]

4 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a serious genetic condition in humans that results from the
failure to inherit the dominant allele of a particular gene. CF patients produce
excessive mucus that leads to respiratory infections and digestive problems.
Mrs Tan is a CF patient and genetic analysis of Mr Tan shows that he is a carrier
of the recessive CF allele. While they wished to have children, they were
discouraged by their doctor from doing so.
(a) (i) Use a fully labelled genetic diagram to show how cystic fibrosis may
be inherited by the children of Mr and Mrs Tan.
Use the letter D to represent the dominant allele and d to represent

the recessive allele.
[3]
(ii) With reference to the expected ratio of phenotypes in their children,

explain the doctor’s recommendation to Mr and Mrs Tan.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
..................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 4.1 shows a section of the human alimentary canal and its accessory
organs.
Fig. 4.1
(i) Name the region of the small intestine labelled C.
................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) One effect of cystic fibrosis is that the bile and pancreatic duct becomes
blocked with mucus.
Suggest why a person whose bile and pancreatic duct is blocked may find
it difficult to gain weight despite eating a balanced diet.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 8]

5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows the pressure changes in the left side of the heart for a single
heartbeat.
Fig. 5.1
(i) State the time when the aortic valve starts to open.
...................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) With reference to Fig. 5.1, describe and explain the pressure
changes in the left ventricle from 0.1 s to 0.3 s.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [3]

(iii) Explain why the ventricular pressure in the right side of the heart is
much lower during contraction as compared to the left side.
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
..................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Fig. 5.2 shows the left side of a normal heart and the heart of a patient with
diastolic heart failure.
Fig. 5.2
Suggest why patients with diastolic heart failure often complain of

excessive tiredness.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 8]

6 Recently, microplastics have become a pollution concern for marine organisms.

Fig. 6.1 shows the interactions between organisms in a North American sea.
Nelms et. al., 2018. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117343294
Fig. 6.1
(ii) Draw a labelled diagram of a pyramid of biomass for the food chain
depicted in Fig. 6.1.
[2]

(a) (i) With reference to at least one organism in Fig. 6.1, explain what is
meant by the term trophic level.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Small fishes that directly consume these non-biodegradable microplastics

along with zooplankton are generally unaffected by it.
However, organisms higher up the food chain, such as seals and humans,
are at risk of toxic effects caused by the presence of microplastics in their
bodies.
Explain why this is so.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 7]

7 Fig. 7.1 shows the changes in the concentration of urine and the concentration
of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) in the blood plasma changes.
concentration
of urine
/ arbitrary units
concentration of ADH
in blood plasma /
arbitrary units
Fig. 7.1
(a) With reference to Fig. 7.1, describe and explain the relationship between
the concentration of ADH in the blood plasma and the concentration of
urine.
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) Explain how vigorous exercise may alter the concentration of ADH in the
blood.
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 6]

Section B: Free Response Questions (30 marks)

Question 10 is in the form of an Either/Or question and only one alternative should
be attempted.
8 An experienced sprinter was asked to run rapidly on a treadmill for eight

minutes.
Fig. 8.1 shows the number of breaths per minute the sprinter took over the
course of the experiment.
Fig. 8.1

(a) Compare the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [4]
(b) At the end of the experiment, the athlete reported that he was out of breath,
his heart was beating fast, and his leg muscles were aching.
With reference to Fig. 8.1, explain the athlete’s symptoms.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [6]
[Total: 10]

9 Two patterns of response by the human body towards stimuli of different nature
are outlined below.
Pattern A
stimulus receptor central nervous system effector action
Pattern B
stimulus receptor gland effector action
(a) With reference to one or both of the two patterns,
(i) describe the pathway of nerve impulses when a barefoot person steps
on a sharp nail.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................ [4]

(ii) describe the sequence of events which occur after a man consumes
a heavy meal rich in carbohydrates.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
........................................................................................................ [4]
(b) Suggest the advantages that pattern B has over pattern A.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 10]

10 Either
(a) (i) The menstrual cycle is controlled by several hormones.
Use your knowledge of the role of these hormones in the menstrual

cycle to suggest why progesterone is a component of contraceptive
pills.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) The pill is ineffective in preventing the transmission of HIV. Why is

this so?
Suggest one way HIV transmission can be prevented during sexual

intercourse.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. It
attaches to the wall of the uterus, and gives rise to the umbilical cord.
(i) Explain why blood does not pass directly from the mother to the
foetus in the placenta.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Describe the role of the placenta during pregnancy.
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 10]
10 Or
Antibodies are proteins secreted by specialised cells in the immune system to

fight pathogens that enter our bloodstream.
(a) Briefly outline the process of how an antibody protein is synthesised from
DNA.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [6]

(b) Describe the pathway taken by an antibody protein from the site of
production to the outside of the specialised cells.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ [4]
[Total: 10]
***** End of Paper *****

HON HUA SECONDARY SCHOOL

SECONDARY 4E
Candidate’s Name Class Register Number
4E4
BIOLO Y 6093 /01
20 September 2019
1 hour
Additional Materials: OTAS

Write your name, index number and class on the OTAS in the spaces provided.
There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate OTAS.
Total
40
Setter: Ms Rozianna
Vetter: Mr Goh Tze Mian
This document consists of 20 printed pages, including this cover page.
5
Which is/are valid conclusion(s) from these results?
1 The higher the concentration of inhibitor X, the lesser the amount of fats is
broken down.
2 The production of fatty acids and glycerol using inhibitor Y is higher than when
inhibitor is used.
3 The production of fatty acids and glycerol at an inhibitor concentration of 2
arbitrary units is lower than at an inhibitor concentration of 4 arbitrary units, for
all inhibitors.
A 1 only B 3 only C 1 and 2 D 2 and 3
7 The graph shows energy changes during an enzyme-catalysed chemical reaction.
Which graph shows the energy changes for the same reaction when the enzyme is
absent?
8 The diagram shows some chemical reactions that occur in plants.
Which stage/s depend/s on the use of nitrate ions as a raw material?
A 1 only
B 2 only
C 1 and 3
D 2 and 3
6
Refer to the diagram of a dicotyledonous leaf to answer questions 9 and 10.
9 A drop of concentrated salt solution was placed on the surface of the leaf at 1.
Which statement describes the movement of water molecules between the salt solution
and the plant cells in the leaf?
A There is no movement of water molecules between the salt solution and the
plant cells.
B There is no net movement of water molecules between the salt solution and the
plant cells.
C Water molecules move from the plant cells into the salt solution by osmosis.
D Water molecules move from the salt solution into the plant cells by osmosis.
10 The plant was placed in a glass jar containing radioactive carbon dioxide and then
exposed to sunlight.
In which order would radioactivity be detected in the leaf?
A 1, 5, 2
B 1, 5, 4
C 5, 2, 4
D 5, 4, 3
11 Which process is an example of assimilation?
A formation of carbon dioxide from glucose

B formation of cell membranes using lipids
C formation of sweat from blood plasma
D formation of urea from amino acids
7
12 In patients with cystic fibrosis, thick mucus blocks the pancreatic duct.
Which are possible effects of this blockage?
1 egesting oily stool

2 weight loss
3 malnourishment
4 hyperglycemia (high blood glucose)
A 1 and 3
B 1, 2 and 3
C 1, 3 and 4
D 2 and 3
13 The graph shows stomatal opening and closing in leaves during a 24-hour period.
A Gaseous exchange occurs when stomata are open.

B Stomata open as light intensity increases.
C Gaseous exchange does not occur in the dark.
D Transpiration does not occur in the dark.
8
14 The photomicrograph shows an aphid feeding on a branch of a woody tree, Tilia. The
fluid extracted by the aphid consists of sieve element sap. The high turgor pressure in
the sieve element forces the cell contents through the food canal of the aphid. Once
every 30 minutes, a droplet of undigested sap exits from the aphid. Plants exhibiting
extensive aphid damage can display a variety of symptoms, such as decreased growth
rates, stunted growth, low yields and death.
Which pair of observation and explanation is correct?
observation explanation
A sieve element sap rich in solutes, especially sucrose and amino acids
high turgor pressure in numerous mitochondria in sieve tubes to carry out

B
sieve element active transport
C undigested sap product of defecation and not excretion
due to low levels of manufactured food substances

D variety of symptoms
left for Tilia plant
15 Blood samples from three veins in the body were tested for the concentration of oxygen,
carbon dioxide and urea. The results, in arbitrary units, are shown in the table.
oxygen carbon dioxide
vein urea concentration
concentration concentration
1 40 48 1.3
2 40 48 7.5
3 90 40 3.9
What are the identities of the three veins?
hepatic vein pulmonary vein renal vein

A 1 3 2
B 2 3 1
C 3 1 2
D 3 2 1
10
18 The graph shows the volume of air deeply inhaled by three different people, X, Y and
Z immediately after breathing out quickly and with force.
What is an explanation for the differences?
healthy lung
chronic bronchitis emphysema
function
A X Y Z
B X Z Y
C Y Z X
D Z Y X
For questions 19 and 20, refer to the experimental set-up below. The set-up investigates
respiration using living insects. Positions 1 to 8 indicate the end part of the delivery tube.
11
19 Which is the best suggestion to rectify the mistake in the experimental set-up?
A Air should enter from tube 8 instead of tube 1.
The insects should be replaced with freshwater fish as it is a more effective

B
organism to study respiration.
The end part of delivery tubes at 2 and 4 should be dipped into the solution to let
C
the air flow through solutions A, B and C.
The end part of delivery tubes at 1, 3 and 7 should be dipped into the solution to
D
let the air flow through solutions A, B and C.
20 Assuming that the experimental setup has been rectified, which correctly identifies
solution A and its purpose?
A Bicarbonate solution. To detect carbon dioxide released by living organism

during respiration.
B Sodium hydroxide solution. To remove atmospheric carbon dioxide.
C Potassium hydroxide solution. To detect carbon dioxide released by living
organism during respiration.
D Bicarbonate solution. To remove atmospheric carbon dioxide.
21 The diagram shows the ultrastructure of a nephron with part of an adjacent blood
capillary.
Which part of the nephron was this taken from?
A afferent arteriole
B Bowman’s capsule
C glomerulus
12
22 Which statement correctly describes control by negative feedback?
A An injury to body tissue activates platelets in the blood and these activated
platelets release chemicals which activate more platelets.
B During a menstrual cycle, luteinising hormone stimulates the release of
oestrogen which in turn stimulates the release of more luteinising hormone.
C The onset of contractions during childbirth causes the release of a hormone,
which stimulates further contractions.
D When blood pressure is high, nerve impulses from the brain cause the blood
vessels to dilate and blood pressure is reduced.
23 Caleb injured his hand in a car accident. Shortly after that, he could feel the objects he
touched with his hand but was unable to move his hand away from them.
What could have caused this?
A Receptors in his hand were damaged.

B Relay neurones in his hand could no longer function.
C The nerve connection was cut only between the receptors in his hand and his
central nervous system.
D The nerve connection was cut only between his central nervous system and the
effectors in his arm.
24 Our eyes feel strained when we read small prints for a long period of time.
Which of the following is the correct explanation for the incident described above?
A The suspensory ligaments become stretched.

B The retina will no longer record clear images.
C The optic nerve will no longer transmit impulses to the brain.
D The ciliary muscles become fatigued.
25 The graph shows changes in the diameter of a person’s pupils while outdoors on a
sunny day.
At which time did the person take off a pair of sunglasses?
14
29 The table shows information about flowers of three different plants.
flower characteristics plant X plant Y plant Z
petal colour white purple bright yellow

aroma none pungent smell sweet smell
petal size 0.4 cm 10.2 cm 3.9 cm
nectar volume none medium amount large amount
Which inference is valid about the method of pollination for plants X, Y and Z?
A All three plants are wind pollinated.

B All three plants are insect pollinated.
C Plant X is wind pollinated but plants Y and Z are insect pollinated.
D Plants X and Y are insect pollinated but plant Z is wind pollinated.
30 The diagram shows the chromosomes in a cell.
Which diagram shows the product of one division of the cell by mitosis?
16
In a heterozygous individual, what can be found at the position labelled Q?

34
35
A
B
C
D
17
36 The table shows the results of a field study of four species in a food chain in an area of
woodland.
number of biomass of one individual / energy value per unit

species
individuals arbitrary units mass / arbitrary units
P 10 000 0.100 1.0
Q 5 10.000 2.0
R 500 0.002 1.8
S 3 300 000.000 0.5
Which is the correct pyramid of energy from these data?
18
37 The diagram shows the flow of energy in a food chain.
What are the forms of energy P, Q and R?
P Q R
A chemical light heat
B heat chemical light
C light chemical heat
D light heat chemical
38 The diagram shows a pyramid of biomass.
Which percentage of biomass is passed from the primary consumer to the secondary
consumer?
A 1%
B 10%
C 20%
D 90%
19
39 Some rabbits colonised an island for the first time. The graph shows how their population
size changed over the next few years.
What explains the way the size of the rabbit population changed during the exponential
(rapidly increasing) phase?
A limiting factors begin to take effect

B increase in the number of predators
C birth rate and death rate in equilibrium
D increasing number of rabbits able to reproduce
20
40 The graph shows changes in the populations of plant and animal plankton in a lake.
Consider the following statement in relation to the data provided by the graph.
Population changes in animal plankton lag behind similar changes in plant plankton
because the animals feed on the plants.’
Into which category does the statement fall?
A It is a reasonable interpretation of the data.

B It is a restatement of the data, not an interpretation.
C It is contradicted or not supported by the data.
D More data are required in order for this interpretation to be made.
END OF PAPER
HON HUA SECONDARY SCHOOL

SECONDARY 4E
Candidate’s Name Class Register Number
4E4
BIOLO Y 6093 /02
19 September 2019
1 hour 45 minutes
Additional Materials:

Write your name, index number and class in the spaces at the top of this page and on all separate
answer paper used.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Section A
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper
Section B For Examiner s Use

Section A
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper. 50
B8
10
You are advised to spend no longer than one hour on Section A and no
B9
longer than 45 minutes on Section B. 10
B10
10
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or Total
part question. 80
All essential working must be shown clearly.
Setter: Ms Rozianna
Vetter: Mr Goh Tze Mian
This document consists of 18 printed pages, including this cover page.
2
Section A
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
1 Large trees produce sun leaves on the outside of the canopy and shade leaves inside the
canopy.
Fig. 1.1 shows the rate of carbon dioxide uptake or production of a sun leaf and a shade leaf
when exposed to increasing light intensity.
Fig. 1.1
(a) Draw a line and letter X to label the light intensity at which the rate of respiration is equal
to the rate of photosynthesis in the shade leaf on Fig. 1.1. [1]
(b) With reference to Fig. 1.1, describe two ways in which the sun and shade leaf differ in their
response to increasing light intensity.
[2]
Total marks
4
(a) Calculate the heart rate of the man in beats per minute. Show your working.
[1]
(b) Identify the period (A to H), at which
(i) blood flows from the atria into the ventricles [1]
(ii) the semi-lunar valves close [1]
(c) Describe the events that occur in the heart during the period A to C.
[3]
(d) An atrial septal defect is a condition where there is a small hole found in the wall of the
heart between the left and right atria.
Suggest why doctors advise patients with atrial septal defect to avoid vigorous sports.
[1]
[Total: 7]
Total marks
5
3 Table 3 shows the clearance time of some substances for a patient undergoing kidney dialysis.
Table 3
concentration in blood / mg/l

substance in blood
time = 0 h time = 0.5 h time = 6 h
urea 176 144 126
creatinine 3.4 2.7 2.5
glucose 134 128 138
potassium 4.3 4.1 4.1
sodium 143 137 135
chloride 108 107
(a) Complete Table 3 to show the estimated concentration of chloride at time = 0.5 h. [1]
(b) Calculate the average hourly rate at which urea is removed from the blood of the kidney
dialysis patient.
Show your working.
[2]
(c) Explain the results when t = 6 h for potassium.
[1]
Total marks
6
(d) The table did not show the concentration of proteins in blood. Predict how the trend of
proteins would look like between t = 0 h to t = 6 h. Give a reason for your answer
[2]
(e) During each treatment, a patient has to undergo dialysis for a few hours. Suggest one way
the time can be shortened.
[1]
[Total: 7]
4 Fig. 4.1 shows the tissues of a mother and her fetus in a human placenta. The maternal blood
and fetal blood remain separate.
Fig. 4.1
(a) State a reason why there must be no mixing of fetal and maternal blood.
[1]
Total marks
7
(b) The placenta is often described as a small intestine, a lung and a kidney .
Explain how the placenta functions like the abovementioned organs
small intestine
lung
kidney
[3]
(c) Suggest two ways in which a pregnant mother could help in the healthy development of
her fetus.
[2]
[Total: 6]
Total marks
8
5 Scientists are able to treat people with some types of brain damage. They may do this by injecting
a patient with cells taken from another person (donor). These cells then migrate to the brain
where they divide and specialise to become groups of fully functioning brain cells.
(a) State the type of cell division that takes place when the injected cells reach the patient’s
brain.
[1]
(b) State the term used to describe a group of cells that are specialised to perform a specific
function.
[1]
(c) Female patients were injected with cells from male donors. After a period of time, the
scientists examined brain cells from these patients and looked for groups of brain cells
containing the Y chromosome.
Explain why finding groups of brain cells containing the Y chromosome would suggest to
the scientists that the treatment may have been successful.
[3]
[Total: 5]
Total marks
9
6 In the inheritance of the colour of cat fur, the allele for yellow fur (A) is dominant to the allele for
grey fur (a).
(a) Two heterozygous yellow-coloured cats produced offspring. Use a fully labelled genetic
diagram to show how the colour of cat fur is inherited by the offspring.
State the expected ratios of genotypes and phenotypes in the offspring.
[5]
A particular combination of these alleles is known as a lethal’ combination. Young that inherit
this combination die in the uterus during the very early stages of development. This results in a
2:1 ratio of fur colour in the surviving offspring.
(b) Identify the lethal combination of alleles and explain how you reached this answer.
lethal combination
explanation
[3]
[Total: 8]
Total marks
10
7 Fig. 7.1 shows some of the interactions that take place in an aquatic ecosystem.
fish
aquatic
plant
Fig. 7.1
(a) Use the information in Fig. 7.1 to state the
trophic level of aquatic plant
trophic level of fish [2]
(b) Explain one way, other than for food, that the fish may depend on the aquatic plant.
[2]
(c) Y represents the nitrification process responsible for the conversion of nitrogenous
compounds into nitrate ions.
State the name of process X and suggest the type of microorganism which carries out both
processes X and Y.
process X
type of microorganism [1]
Total marks
11
(d) Describe the pollution effect that nitrogen-containing fertilizers might have on this
ecosystem.
[3]
[Total: 8]
Total marks
12
Section B
Answer all three questions, the last question is in the form EITHER / OR.
8 Table 8.1 shows the results obtained in an investigation to compare the rate of transpiration with
the rate of water absorption of a plant taken at four hour intervals on a summer day.
Table 8.1
time / h rate of water absorption / g/h rate of transpiration / g/h light intensity / %
04 00 1.5 0.25 0
08 00 1.5 2.0 70
12 00 3.5 5.0 100
16 00 5.5 7.25 100
20 00 3.25 2.5 10
24 00 2.0 0.75 0
(a) Using the data in Table 8.1, plot a graph to show how the rate of water absorption and
the rate of transpiration changes with time. Join the points using straight lines.
[4]
Total marks
13
(b) Based on the results, what is the time of the maximum water absorption and maximum
transpiration? Explain your answer.
[4]
(c) With reference to Table 8.1, suggest whether the plant can live indefinitely under the
conditions of the experiment.
[2]
[Total: 10]
Total marks
14
9 Fig. 9.1 shows the stages in the process of genetic engineering to produce the hormone insulin.
Fig. 9.1
(a) (i) Describe how the location and organization of genetic material in the human cell
shown in stage of Fig. 9.1 is different from that in the bacterium shown.
[2]
Total marks
15
(ii) Describe how the events in stage led to the production of .
[3]
(iii) Stage N of Fig. 9.1 takes place in a container similar to that used in the large-scale
production of antibiotics.
State the name of this type of container.
[1]
(b) Genetic engineering can also be used to produce crop plants for humans to eat.
Discuss the potential advantages and dangers of using genetic engineering to produce crop
plants for humans to eat.
advantages
[2]
dangers
[2]
[Total: 10]
Total marks
16
EITHER
10 (a) A parasitic insect known as red scale affects mainly citrus trees. Fig. 10.1 shows the
distribution of red scales and their predators before treatment with an insecticide, shortly
after treatment and long after treatment.
Fig. 10.1
With reference to Fig. 10.1, explain why the use of insecticides is not the best way of
destroying the red scales.
[5]
Total marks
17
(b) Fig. 10.2 shows a sewage treatment plant.
Fig. 10.2
With reference to Fig. 10.2, describe the role of microorganisms in the treatment of sewage.
[5]
[Total: 10]
Total marks
18
OR
10 Some muscles in our body work as antagonistic pairs to create movement. In these pairs of
muscles, when one muscle contracts, the other muscle relaxes. With reference to named
muscles, describe how antagonistic pairs of muscles bring about the following actions.
(a) moving a bolus in the oesophagus after ingestion of food
[4]
(b) limiting the amount of light entering the eye in a brightly lit environment
[2]
(c) breathing in air from the atmosphere into our lungs
[4]
[Total: 10]
End of Paper
Total marks

Chij Katong Convent Preliminary Examinations 2019 Secondary Four Express

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Name: ____________________________( ) Class:______

CHIJ KATONG CONVENT

Classes: 405 and 406

Additional Materials: Optical Answer Sheet

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Read the instructions on the Optical Answer Sheet very carefully.

At the end of the examination, hand in:

This question paper consists of 17 printed pages.

2 Which structures are found in a human male gamete?

3 Which chemical element is present in fats but not in water?

4 A student conducted an investigation to determine the type of nutrients in a food sample.

food sample Benedict’s test biuret test ethanol emulsion test

Which row shows the nutrients present in each food sample?

The following conclusions were made:

Which conclusion(s) is/ are correct?

Which working shows the activation energy of the uncatalysed reaction?

11 In an investigation into rate of transpiration, 5 of the following set-ups were used.

oil to prevent evaporation of water

The results are shown in the table.

t = 2 days 103 97 84 110 93

Which plants had their leaves coated with grease?

Which group of flowers would produce the most number of seeds?

stigma anthers petals

Which letter represents cross-pollination?

27 Which row shows the effects of estrogen and progesterone?

high levels needed

How long is the longest possible fertile period?

34 Which statement about human blood group is correct?

A A person with the blood group A cannot have an IO allele.

35 Bacteria can be genetically modified to produce human insulin.

What is a possible risk of this procedure?

A Bacterial insulin is less effective in treating diabetes than animal insulin.

36 Which statement about chromosomes is correct?

The table shows the results obtained.

Name: ____________________________( ) Class:______

CHIJ KATONG CONVENT

Classes: 405 and 406

No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Electronic calculators may be used.

FOR EXAMINER'S USE

This question paper consists of 15 printed pages.

(a) Identify organelles X and Y.

X ……….………………………… Y .………………………………… [2]

(d) In humans, there are three types of blood circulation:

1 Systemic circulation which circulates blood through various body tissues.

Name one vein involved in portal circulation.

time/ h blood glucose concentration/ blood hormone A concentration/ μg/mg

(b) Identify hormone A, and provide an explanation for your answer.

6 Fig. 6.1 shows an animal cell during cell division.

cell surface membrane

(a) Identify the type of cell division shown.

(b) Complete the diagram on Fig. 6.1, for C and D. [2]

Explain how these transgenic cabbage plants can be produced.

agouti – the only animal

(a) Complete Fig. 7.2 by:

Name: ______________________( ) Class:

Name: ______________________( ) Class: