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(3, 4) Sampling Methods, Descriptive Statistics, & Data Collection CE

The document discusses various sampling methods and descriptive statistics. It defines different types of sampling methods like probability sampling (simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, multi-stage sampling) and non-probability sampling (convenience sampling, quota sampling, judgment sampling, snowball sampling). It also defines measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), measures of variability (range, variance, standard deviation), and discusses how to calculate and interpret them using an example data set.

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Mark Angelo Hinautan Ramos
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20 views

(3, 4) Sampling Methods, Descriptive Statistics, & Data Collection CE

The document discusses various sampling methods and descriptive statistics. It defines different types of sampling methods like probability sampling (simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, multi-stage sampling) and non-probability sampling (convenience sampling, quota sampling, judgment sampling, snowball sampling). It also defines measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), measures of variability (range, variance, standard deviation), and discusses how to calculate and interpret them using an example data set.

Uploaded by

Mark Angelo Hinautan Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sampling Methods & Descriptive

3 Statistics for Samples


3 Slovin’s Formula

𝑁
𝑛= !
1 + 𝑁𝑒
3 Sampling Methods

• Probability Sampling
• Non-Probability Sampling
3 Probability Sampling

Samples are
randomly selected
3 Probability Sampling

• Simple Random Sampling


• Systematic Sampling
• Stratified Sampling
• Cluster Sampling
• Multi-stage Sampling
3 Simple Random Sampling

Each element of the population has an


equal and independent chance of being
included in the sample.
1. Student A wants to know the average weight of the
third year engineering students of their school, and
he/she knows that the total number of students in this
study is 150. Considering that Student A is to conduct the
data collection in one day only, so he/she may represent
the average weight from samples coming from the
population, and then let us say, his/her sample size is 30.
Then how will he/she choose his/her sample using the
different methods of sampling?
3 Systematic Sampling
3 Stratified Sampling

Population is grouped
according to similarities.
3 Cluster Sampling

Group the population and may be


according to geographical location.
3 Multi-stage Sampling

Complex form of cluster sampling.


Groupings having sub-groups.
3 Non-Probability Sampling

• Convenience Sampling
• Quota Sampling
• Judgment Sampling
• Snowball Sampling
3 Convenience Sampling

Samples are not selected at random


3 Quota Sampling

Population is grouped similar to stratified


sampling but the samples taken from
each group is not randomly selected.
3 Judgment Sampling

Sample is selected depending on the


judgment of the researcher.
3 Snowball Sampling

Usually used when the data from your


samples are rare to find. Is also called as
‘Chain-referral Sampling’ since the data
collected are based from referrals.
Descriptive Statistics
3 for Samples

Mean and standard deviation of the


sample is used also to estimate the
population mean and population
standard deviation.
3 Measures of Central Tendency

• Mean
• Median
• Mode
3 Mean

∑𝑥
𝑥=
𝑛
3 Median

The middle item in the data set


3 Mode

The most frequent item in the data set.


3 Measures of Variability

• Range
• Variance
• Standard Deviation
3 Range

Difference between the highest and


lowest value in the data set.
3 Variance

The average on the difference between


each value and the mean of the data set.
3 Variance

∑ !
!
(𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑠 =
𝑛−1
3 Standard Deviation

Square root of Variance.


2. A tire manufacturer tested the life, in months, of 6
randomly chosen tire samples. The test recorded as
follows: 48, 53, 45, 61, 57, 61. From this data, find the
mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard
deviation.
4 Data Collection
4 Statistics

Science which deals with data.


4 Statistics

• Descriptive Statistics
• Inferential Statistics
4 Descriptive Statistics

Collection and presentation of data.


4 Descriptive Statistics

Organizing and summarizing data


using numbers and graphs.
4 Inferential Statistics

Analysis and interpretation of data.


4 Inferential Statistics

Using sample data to make an inference


or draw a conclusion of the population.
4 Inferential Statistics

Uses probability to determine how


confident we can be that the conclusions
we make are correct.
4 Data

Information which are usually facts or


numbers collected to answer
research problems.
4 Data

• Primary Data & Secondary Data


• Quantitative Data & Qualitative Data
4 Primary Data

Data collected by the researcher and used


for the first time in the investigation or
research.
4 Secondary Data

Data are collected by others


and used by others.
4 Quantitative Data

Data are numerical in nature.


4 Qualitative Data

Data that are non-numerical and gives


description qualitatively.
4 Qualitative Data

Descriptive data based on observations.


4 Qualitative Data

Involves the 5 senses:


SEE, FEEL, TASTE, HEAR, SMELL
4 Data Collection

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