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Prepare the report on different types of three-phase transformers with their photograph

1.0 Brief Description:-

One complete AC waveform has a peak and a trough. For a 360° cycle, this occurs at 90° and 270°. A
single-phase electrical system has a current with one peak and one through flowing on a single
conductor. At these points, the amplitude is greatest but in various directions. For three-phase systems,
the current has three peaks and three troughs flowing on three individual conductors. These currents
are out of phase by 120° from each other. In three-phase electrical systems, it can be observed that the
greatest amplitude is achieved more often for a given time. These aids provide power at a nearly
constant rate.

Three-phase transformer
Three-phase transformers are utilized to step up or step down the high voltages in different stages of
the power transmission system.

A three-phase transformer is made of three sets of primary and secondary windings, each set wound
around one leg of an iron core assembly. Essentially it looks like three single-phase transformers sharing
a joined core as in Figure.

The electric grid utilizes a three-phase power distribution system because it permits higher transmission
at lower amperage. This creates it achievable to use higher gauge (thinner) copper wire, significantly
lowering both material and labor prices That’s why we require a three-phase transformer to step up and
step down the voltage.

Construction

• A three-phase transformer can be constructed by utilizing a common magnetic core for both primary
and secondary windings. As in the point of single-phase transformers, construction can be a core type or
shell type.

Types of construction

• Core Type
Types of construction

The core of the three-phase transformer is usually made up of three limbs in the same plane. This can be
built using stack lamination. Each leg of this core carries the low voltage and high voltage winding. The
low voltage windings are insulated from the core than the high voltage windings.

• Shell Type

In a shell type three-phase transformer, three phases are more independent than they are in the core
type. Each phase has its individual magnetic circuit The construction of a shell-type three-phase
transformer is illustrated in the figure at right. The construction is similar to that of three single-phase
shell-type transformers kept on top of each other.

Working of Three Phase Transformer

• Assume a three-phase transformer in which the primary is connected to a three-phase AC supply.

individual phase windings. These currents create the magnetic fluxes in the respective cores. In a three-
phase system, at any instant, the sum of all the fluxes is the same.

These fluxes induce the secondary EMFs in the respective phases such that they maintain their phase
angle between them. These EMFs drive the currents in the secondary and thus to the load. Relying on
the sort of connection utilized and the number of turns on each phase, the voltage induced will be
varied for obtaining step-up or step-down of voltages.

Connections of three-phase transformer

The primary and secondary windings are connected in different ways, such as in delta or star or a
mixture of these two. The voltage and current ratings of the three-phase transformer is relies on a
suitable connection. The most generally used connections are
• Star-delta

• Delta-star

• Delta-delta

• Star-star

Star-Delta Connection
• This type of connection is generally utilized to step down the voltages to a lower value in transmission
end substations. Utility companies use this connection to decrease the voltage levels for distribution
systems. In this, the primary winding of the transformer is attached in star and secondary in delta
connection.

Delta-star Connection

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• This connection is utilized to step up the voltage level and is commonly employed in sending the end
or starting of the high tension transmission system. In this connection, the primary is connected in delta
style and secondary in star style so that a three-phase 4 wire system at secondary is possible.
Delta-delta Connection

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• This sort of connection is utilized when the supply source is delta connected and the secondary load
requires a single voltage with a high current. This is commonly employed for three-phase power loads
(like a three-phase motor). In this, both primary and secondary windings are connected in a delta style.

Star-star Connection

(
In this, both primary and secondary windings are connected in star fashion. Also, there exists no phase
difference between the primary and secondary voltages.

Advantages of three-phase transformer

There are numerous advantages of using a 3-phase transformer, some of which have been listed below:

Affordable: Compared to a single-Phase transformer the 3 phase transformer comes at a cheaper price.
It has a lower cost when compared with the three units of single-phase transformers.

Lightweight: Not only is the transformer lightweight, but it is also smaller than the single-phase
transformer in dimension which means that it also occupies less space.

Assembly in the least time: It is extremely easy to assemble. We can get a single-phase supply from a 3-
phase transformer, while the opposite is not feasible.

Higher efficiency: The 3-phase transformer achieves its functions more efficiently and delivers better
power than the single-phase transformer.

More effortless to install: The 3-phase transformers are pre-wired and ready to establish; thus making
the installation procedure very easy and smooth.

Easy transportation: In order to deliver the same output, the material utilized for building the core of the
transformer is very little as compared to a bank of three single-phase transformers. Not only is
transportation effortless but also lowers transportation expenses.

Disadvantages of three-phase transformer

Although they have numerous advantages over their single-phase counterparts, they don’t come
without their disadvantages.

• Greater expense of standby units: The respective cost of the standby units is high and makes it hard to
repair or fix any malfunctions. In a 3-phase transformer, a typical core is shared by all three units.
Therefore if the unit is defective or is harmed, the entire three-phase transformer has to be shut down.

• Cost of repair: The cost to repair a 3-phase transformer is higher since modifying each individual
component is costly. Hence, to restore the service, the spare unit cost is more when compared to a
single-phase transformer. Reduced capacity: Since the 3-phase transformers are self-cooled, the
capacity of the transformer is also reduced simultaneously.

• Fault correction: In case there is a fault in any of the phases of the 3 phase transformers, the fault is
transferred to the other two phases. As a result, the whole unit needs replacement.

Applications of three-phase transformer

• It steps up the level of voltage at the generation side before transmission and distribution.
• On the distribution side, for commercial or domestic use of electricity, the transformer steps down
(decries) the level of voltage For example from 11kV to 220 V single-phase and 440 V three-phase.

• The Current Transformer and Potential The transformer is also utilized in the power system and the
industry So these were the simple uses and applications of the transformer.

Actual Resources Use

Sr. no. Name of resource material Specificions Quantity

1 computer windows 7 1

2 internet youtube

3 textbook CNE Electric Motors And Transformers (22418) 1