Lab Maunal Fae

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Lab Report 05:

Finite Element Method Lab
Submitted To: Engr. Waqas Tahir
Submitted By: Mehtab ul Hassan
Reg. number: ME161011

Lab Session 05
I-Section Beam
1 Problem statement:
To calculate the maximum deflection, Equivalent Stress and Equivalent Strain of I-
section Beam. Structural Steel as a material for I-Section beam with a value of E = 3xE7 and v
= 0.3
2 Input Data
We draw an I-section beam in ANSYS module. Specification are as follows
W1 = W2 = 103 mm
W3 = 106 mm
T1 = T2 = 8.8mm
T3 = 7.1 mm
Length of the beam 500 mm chamfer Radius 5 mm
3 Introduction to static Structural Analysis System

A Static Structural analysis determines the displacements, stress, strain, and the forces in
structures or components caused by loads that do not induce significant inertia and damping
effects. Steady loading and response conditions are assumed that is the load and the structure
response are assumed to vary slowly with respect to time. The types of loading that can be
applied in a static analysis include:
➢ Externally applied forces and pressure
➢ Steady-state inertial force (such as gravity or rotational velocity)
➢ Imposed displacement
➢ Temperature (for thermal strain)
A Static structural analysis can be either linear or nonlinear. All types of nonlinearities are
allowed large deformation, plasticity, stress stiffening, contact element, hyper elasticity and so
on. Detail of how to handle nonlinearities are described in Nonlinear Controls. Note that
available nonlinearities can differ from one solver to another.
4 Basic Steps of Modeling and Analysis in Static Structural

4.1 Prepare the Analysis
4.1.1 Create Analysis System
From then Toolbox, drag a Static Structure, Static Structure (Samcef), Static Structure
(ABAQUS) template to the project Schematic.
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4.1.2 Define Engineering Data
Material Properties can be liner or nonlinear, isotropic or orthotropic, and constant or
temperature dependent. You must define the stiffness in some form (Young`s Modulus, hyper
elastic coefficients, and so on). For Internal load (such as Standard Earth Gravity), you must
define the required for mass Calculations, such as density.
4.1.3 Attach Geometry

When 2D geometry is used, Generalized plane Strain is not supported for the Samcef
or ABAQUS solver.
4.1.4 Define Part Behavior

A rigid part is essentially a point mass connected to the rest of the Structure via joins.
Hence in static structural analysis the only applicable loads on a rigid part are acceleration and
rotational velocity loads. The output from a rigid part is the overall motion of the part plus any
force transferred via that the part to the rest of the structure.
4.1.5 Define Connections

Contact, joints, spring, beams, mesh connections, and end releases are valid in static
Structural analysis. Joints are not supported for the ABAQUS and Samcef solvers.
4.1.6 Apply Mesh Controls/Preview Mesh

Provide a mesh density adequate for resolving stresses; areas where stresses or strains
are of interest require a relatively fine mesh compared to that needed for displacement or
nonlinearity resolution. If you want to include nonlinearities the mesh should be able to capture
the effects of the nonlinearities. For example, plasticity requires a reasonable integration point
density in area with high plastic deformation gradients.
4.1.7 Apply Loads and Supports

For a static structural analysis applicable loads are all inertial, structure, imported and
interaction loads and applicable supports are all structural supports. Hydrostatic pressure,
bearing load, bolt pretension, joint load, fluid solid interface, motion loads, compression, only
support, Elastic Support. Loads and supports vary as a function of time even in a static analysis
as explained in the role of time in tracking. In additions see the Apply loads and support section
for more information about time stepping and ramped loads.
4.1.8 Solve
When performing a nonlinear analysis, you may encounter convergence difficulties due
to a number of reasons. Some Examples may be initially open contact surfaces causing rigid
body motion, large load increments causing non-convergence, material instabilities, or large
deformations causing mesh distortion that result in element shape errors.
Any convergence data output in this printout can be graphically displayed as explained
displayed as explained in the solution information section.
Page 2 of 11
4.1.9 Review Result
All structural result types except frequencies are available as a result of a static
structural analysis. You can use a solution information object to track, monitor or diagnose
problems that arise during a solution.
You can use probes to display the variation of a result items as the load increases. An
example might be large deformation analyses that result in buckling of the structure.
In these cases, it is also of interest to plot one result quantity such as displacement at a
vertex against another result item such as applied load. You can use the charts feature to
develop such as charts.
5 Procedure
1. Open Static Structure Analysis from left toolbox of Analysis Systems
2. Then double click on engineering data to add a required material i.e. mild steel
3. Now again in workbench, open geometry and draw according to given data
4. Now mesh the model and apply boundary conditions. Then save the project.
5. Now click on solution and select the directional deformation, Equivalent Stress and
Equivalent Strain then click to solve.
6. It will show the ANSYS Analysis of deformation, Equivalent Stress and Equivalent
Strain in geometry window. The minimum and maximum values will be shown on side
with colors.
7. Save the images of all analysis and save the project report.
6 I-Section Beam Analysis

Open the ANSYS workbench and go to toolbar for analysis system selection and Select
static Structure the project schematic will appear. Start the analysis by steps representing on
project schematic.
Page 3 of 11
Figure 1: Ansys Model
7 Engineering Data
In the first, we select the material of your structure that is structural steel in that case.
Then add data that is about the Young`s modulus of material, poisson ratio etc. that is necessary
to add.
8 Geometry
After selecting the engineering data close it and select geometry from the project
schematics. Draw the geometry that is require with specific dimensions and saved it in system.
Figure 2: Geometry of Model
Page 4 of 11
Figure 3: Material & Properties of Model
Figure 4: Cross-Section of Model
9 Mesh
After creating geometry select model from project schematic ANSYS simulation file
will open with geometry that has made before it. Then apply mesh on the structure according
to requirements.
Page 5 of 11
Figure 5: Mesh
10 Load
After meshing then apply load that has to apply structure in particular area or face and
apply the boundary conditions and see the results.
Figure 6: Static Structural Loads
Page 6 of 11
Figure 7: Static Structural Pressure
11 Analysis Setting
After applying the load and boundary conditions change the analysis setting according
to requirement or for more refine solution
Figure 8: Solution Information
Page 7 of 11
12 Result
The structure software shows all the possible deformation, Equivalent Stress and
Equivalent Strain that may occur in the structure for that particular load.
Figure 9: Results
13 Structural Steel
Figure 10: Structural Steel Constants
Page 8 of 11
Figure 11: Different Strengths of Structural Steels
14 Plot Result
The result that has made by ANSYS on I-section Beam.
14.1 Plot Deformation

The directional deflection of I-section Beam.
Figure 12: Directional Deformation
Page 9 of 11
Figure 13: Static Structural Directional Deformation
14.2 Equivalent Stress
Figure 14: Equivalent Stress
Figure 15: Static Structural Equivalent Stress
Page 10 of 11
14.3 Equivalent Strain
Figure 16: Equivalent Elastic Strain
Figure 17: Static Structural Equivalent Elastic Strain
15 Comments
ANSYS is used to simulate computer models of structures, electronics, or machine

components for analyzing strength, toughness, elasticity, temperature distribution,
electromagnetism, fluid flow, and other attributes. Ansys is used to determine how a product
will function with different specifications, without building test products or conducting crash
tests.
In this lab session, the value of deflection, Equivalent Stress and Equivalent Strain
Calculated Experimentally by ANSYS and we calculated the value of deflection is 8.340e-
008m and the maximum value of Equivalent Stress is 8398.6 Pa and the Maximum value of
Equivalent Strain is 2.7995e-004.
Page 11 of 11

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Department of Mechanical Engineering

Lab Report 05:

Submitted To: Engr. Waqas Tahir

Submitted By: Mehtab ul Hassan

Reg. number: ME161011

3 Introduction to static Structural Analysis System

4 Basic Steps of Modeling and Analysis in Static Structural

4.1.3 Attach Geometry

4.1.4 Define Part Behavior

4.1.5 Define Connections

4.1.6 Apply Mesh Controls/Preview Mesh

4.1.7 Apply Loads and Supports

6 I-Section Beam Analysis

Figure 2: Geometry of Model

Figure 4: Cross-Section of Model

Figure 6: Static Structural Loads

Figure 8: Solution Information

Figure 10: Structural Steel Constants

14.1 Plot Deformation

Figure 12: Directional Deformation

14.2 Equivalent Stress

Figure 14: Equivalent Stress

Figure 15: Static Structural Equivalent Stress

Figure 16: Equivalent Elastic Strain

Figure 17: Static Structural Equivalent Elastic Strain

ANSYS is used to simulate computer models of structures, electronics, or machine

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