1.

Introduction

1.1. Back ground of the study

Water is an essential life sustaining element on earth and is deeply rooted in
our cultural backgrounds. Being an integral part of the environment, the range of
services that are provided by water, dictate the economic growth and
environmental sustainability. Water supply is always a challenging task to be
tackled with and there exists various factors, which keep on posing factors both in
the rural and urban areas. Provision of urban water supply systems has been a
major concern in many of the developed and the developing countries. In
contrast to this, the aspect of providing water is lessened by the focus on the access
provision to water supply. Hence, the understanding of this integration and
interrelation provides a better consideration of the importance on the specific
district provisions of providing water supply.

Rapid growth of the District population is leading to overloading, development of

slums and informal settlements. They in turn inhibit the increase in the nature of
factors that hamper effective water supply and consumption systems.
Growing population will further increase the demand for water. The limited cost
effective water supply augmentation options, lack of reliable estimates to forecast
residential water demands, water source choice decisions and several other factors;
are becoming more important for policy making in the water supply sector..
1.2. The statement of the problem
Water supply is always a challenging task to be undertook with and there exists
various factors that keep on posing factors both in the rural and urban area.
This study focuses on the factor of affecting water supply and assessing the
Availability of sources, Treatment facilities/ improvement technics, Supply
systems, Distribution mechanisms, Demands and Consumption systems will be
very much important in studies pertaining to water supply This attempt identifies
the major factors of affecting water supply and consumption systems. The study
will also conduct and indicate why the factors of water supply will vary from place
to place in this specific district.

1.3. Significance of the study

 The output of this study will help the area to get identified factors affecting
sufficient water supply and consumption systems, the outcome of the
research as input to effectively manage its water resource by carrying out
and distributing its policy direction and consequences this problem on the
overall mission of the society.

1.4. Limitations of the study

This study is encountered with limitations like the problem of accurate data from
Area under study in concerning to this topic and, time restriction because of task
overloads, insufficient, unwillingness, money, transportation and organized
secondary sources those are related to this title, lack of experiences, unavailable
reference, weakness of research methodology and etc. are considered to decrease
the quality of the proposed proposal.

1.5. Review of literatures

1.8.1 Definition of water supply

It is well known that water is a natural resource without which not all living things
can exist. It is a natural requirement for all living things to have access to water if
they have to be alive. It covers 70 percent of our planet, earth. Water supply is
obtaining of water for and its distribution to a town or city, as far as possible in
sufficient quantity and satisfactory quality; also, the amount of water thus provided
and distributed. Water supply is always a challenging task to be tackled with and
there exists various factors that keep on pretention factors both in the rural and
urban areas. Provision of urban water supply systems has been a major
concern in many of the developed and the developing countries. In the District
there are many hindering factors that being affected the society like ;
disproportional water distribution, technology, geographical
location ,Administration problem, failure of community participation,
Unavailability of sufficient water and NGO supports, Budget shortage, in-
prefeasibility study, lack of awareness, and lack of facility. Although, there will
have the possible cause of water supply shortage like population, overuse of water,
water wastage, drought and etc.
1.8.2. Factors Affecting Water supply
The quantities of water used in any activity are jointly determined by the supply of
water available to support that activity and the demand for water in that activity.
Both the supply and the demand for water are further determined by variables that
tend to be location specific. Nevertheless, a number of overarching factors
influence levels of water use independent of location. These factors will
undoubtedly be critical in determining current and future levels of water supply in
the study area.
 Population Numbers and Distribution
At the most fundamental level, water is needed to supply people's basic domestic
needs, in quantities directly proportional to the number of people. Other uses of
water include the various municipal, industrial, agricultural, environmental, and
other uses will describe elsewhere in this report. The quantities of water supplied
for these purposes are also related to some degree to the number and spatial
distribution of people in the District, but these quantities are also affected by many
other factors. Finally, people residing in urban areas tend to have different patterns
of water supply, and they tend to use different quantities of water than people in
rural or agricultural areas.
 Technology
Technology and changes in technology may affect the availability or supply of
water, demand for water and levels of water supply. Industrialization, for example,
typically increases the demand for water, at least initially. However, technological
developments that permit users to economize on water such developments as water
efficient indoor plumbing fixtures, closed-conduit irrigation systems like drip and
micro sprinkler systems, and computerized irrigation management techniques
frequently result in reductions in water use. Technical improvements that improve
timing and lower costs of supply can also affect water supply. On the other hand,
failure to employ modern technology may mean lower quantities and higher costs
of available supply. While improvements in technology have sometimes
dramatically increased the availability of water supplies, technology can also
produce unwanted and unforeseen side effects. Some technology-induced or
technology-influenced changes in water supply may be reversible only over time
scales of thousands of years. Consequently, a complete assessment, including
considerations of sustainability (and intergenerational equity), of the impacts of
new and existing water supply technology should identify specifically the time
domains over which the benefits and costs of the technology are likely to be borne.
 Economics/Budget shortage
Economic conditions, both within and outside the study area may affect water
supply and demand. Many-damaged water pipe cannot be maintained timely due to
economic issues and significantly reducing water demands. The water transporter
energy prices also affect the quantities of water used by boosting the price of water
that must be pumped or treated before it can be used. Changes in economic
conditions also affect this particular District in many ways whose implications for
water use are not always easy to foresee. Finally, economic conditions within the
District will affect water supply and demand by affecting the ability of water users
to pay for water, as well as the ability of producers to purchase capital and labor
for activities in many industries that may directly or indirectly affect water supply.

 Environmental Conditions and location

Changes in environmental conditions can also significantly influence water supply
and demand. Increases in temperature or decreases in vegetated area or biological
diversity are likely to diminish available supplies and increase the water demanded
in many water-using sectors. Water quality deterioration due to increased
contamination levels reduces the available supply of water as surely as drought.
Geographical position of the environment influences the well delivery of water
supply.
Changes in the environment can be directly or indirectly caused by human
activities, or they can be (apparently) unrelated to human activity. The human
induced global climate change may be pervasive and may have already occurred.
Global change is likely to have significant or even profound impacts on District
water supplies and demands. However, current understanding of global climate
patterns makes it very difficult to assess the impacts of such change regionally and
therefore to predict how such critical variables as temperature and precipitation
might change in the study area.
This study will also show how ecological conditions can affect water quality and
quantity, and vice versa. Since the origins and mechanisms of these interactions are
not always well understood, these changes are also hard to predict. However, the
certainty that environmental change will occur suggests the need for flexible water
management and allocation schemes for populations in the study area and
elsewhere to respond to change as it occurs.
1.9. Research Design and Methodology
To extract the required information needed to meet the objectives of the
study, four major descriptive techniques will be employed in the study:
survey questionnaires, interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and
personal observation and secondary data or document review. Since the nature
 of the problem needs sample description and investigation. The study is
descriptive since it helps to make detailed analysis of existing shortage with
the intention of population data to validate current circumstances.

1.9.1. Methods and tools of data collection

Both primary and secondary source of data collection will be used in the
research. The primary data will be collected by household survey
questionnaires (using the semi- structured (both closed and open-ended) and
unpublished, interviews like water desk officer, and personal observation and
secondary data or document review.

1.9.4. Sampling technique and Sampling Size

The sample size will take 550 of the total population of 49,55 parameter
customers/house holders. This will be done by stratifying the householders
and then applying probability-sampling techniques to give equal odds for all
householders/customers to be included in the sample for each stratified ketena.

1.9.5. Method of data analysis

The data collection will be classified, distributed, gathered, summarized, and

analyzed. The data analysis will be conducted to decide whether the proposed
water supply and consumption system factors by the specific area meet its
objective. The data analysis will be tried to determine the percentage rate of
strongly agree, agree, uncertainty, disagree, and strongly disagree customers
along with the basic water supply and consumption system factors that are
supposed to have an impact on householder’s daily utilization. The data
gathered will be tabularized and interpreted using percentage and presented in
graph and charts. Finally, summary, conclusion and recommendation will be
floating based on the findings

1.10. Organization of the paper

This study will be organized into five major chapters, the first chapter deals
with Introduction. The second chapter deals with Review of literature. The
third chapter deals about the Research Design and Methodology. The four
chapter concerns with Result and Discussion. The five chapter deals contain
the summary of the findings, Conclusion and Recommendations of the study.
In addition to these bibliography and sample, questionnaires will be attached to
the last part of the paper.