2factors of Monomials

Factors of Monomials
Topic 6.5.1
1
Lesson
Topic
1.1.1 Factors of Monomials
6.5.1
California Standard: What it means for you:

11.0 Students apply basic factoring You’ll learn how to find
techniques to second and simple factors of a monomial.
third-degree polynomials. These
techniques include finding a
common factor for all terms in a
polynomial, recognizing the difference Key words:
of two squares, and recognizing perfect • factor
squares of binomials. • monomial
• greatest common factor
• prime factor
2
Lesson
Topic
6.5.1
In previous Topics you’ve already done lots of

manipulation of polynomials.
But you can often make manipulations easier by breaking

down polynomials into smaller chunks.
6x2y = 2 × 3 × x × x × y
In this Topic you’ll break down monomials by factoring.
3
Lesson
Topic
6.5.1
Numbers Have Factors — and So Do Monomials

Sometimes a number can be written as the product
of two or more smaller numbers.
Those smaller numbers are called factors of that number.
For example,
6 = 2 × 3 — so 2 and 3 are factors of 6
The same is true for monomials.
4
Lesson
Topic
6.5.1
Unless they’re prime numbers, monomials can be written

as the product of two or more numbers or letters.
Those smaller numbers or letters are called factors

of that monomial.
For example,
3xy = 3 × x × y — so 3, x, and y are factors of 3xy
5
Lesson
Topic
6.5.1
Guided Practice
Write down all of the factors of each of these numbers:
1. 8 2. 10 3. 15
1, 2, 4, 8 1, 2, 5, 10 1, 3, 5, 15
4. 16 5. 11 6. 24
1, 2, 4, 8, 16 1, 11 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
Write down each monomial as a product of the smallest

possible factors:
7. 3x 8. 7z 9. 6p
3×x 7×z 2×3×p
10. 5xy 11. 12uv 12. 20mn

5×x×y 2×2×3×u×v 2×2×5×m×n 6
Solution follows…
Lesson
Topic
6.5.1
The GCF is a Divisor of Each Monomial
The greatest common factor (GCF) of a set of monomials

is the largest possible divisor of all monomials in the set.
7
Topic
6.5.1
Example 1
Find the greatest common factor of 12x2y2, 18x3y2, and 30x4y4.

Solution
Start by writing down each monomial as a product of the
smallest factors possible:
12x2y2 = 2 × 2 × 3 × x × x × y × y
18x3y2 = 2 × 3 × 3 × x × x × x × y × y
30x4y4 = 2 × 3 × 5 × x × x × x × x × y × y × y × y
Then list all the numbers that are factors of all three terms:
2, 3, x, x, y, y
These are called the common factors.
8
Solution
Solution
continues…
follows…
Topic
6.5.1
Example 1

Solution (continued)
The common factors are 2, 3, x, x, y, y.
The greatest common factor is the product of all the

common factors:
GCF = 2 × 3 × x × x × y × y = 6x2y2
In other words, 6x2y2 is the largest possible divisor of

12x2y2, 18x3y2, and 30x4y4.
9
Lesson
Topic
6.5.1
Guided Practice
Use the method from Example 1 to write down the
greatest common factor of each set of products:
13. 12, 24, 42 12 = 2 × 2 × 3
24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
42 = 2 × 3 × 7
GCF = 2 × 3 = 6
14. 9ab2, 15a2b2, 12ab 9ab2 = 3 × 3 × a × b × b

15a2b2 = 3 × 5 × a × a × b × b
12ab = 2 × 2 × 3 × a × b
GCF = 3ab
6m2cv2 = 2 × 3 × m × m × c × v × v
15. 6m cv , 10m c v, 4m c v
2 2 2 2 2 2 3
10m2c2v = 2 × 5 × m × m × c × c × v
4m2c2v3 = 2 × 2 × m × m × c × c × v × v × v
GCF = 2m2cv
10
Solution follows…
Lesson
Topic
6.5.1
Guided Practice
16. 5mx2t, 15m2xt2, 20mxt 5mx2t = 5 × m × x × x × t
15m2xt2 = 3 × 5 × m × m × x × t × t
20mxt = 2 × 2 × 5 × m × x × t
GCF = 5mxt
17. 9x3y2, 27x2y3 9x3y2 = 3 × 3 × x × x × x × y × y

27x2y3 = 3 × 3 × 3 × x × x × y × y × y
GCF = 9x2y2
11
Solution follows…
Lesson
Topic
6.5.1
Another Way to Find the GCF of Two or More Monomials
You can also find the GCF of two or more monomials by

simply multiplying together the GCFs of each of the
different parts.
12
Topic
6.5.1
Example 2
Solution
The GCF of 12, 18, and 30 is 6.
The GCF of x2, x3, and x4 is x2.
The GCF of y2 and y4 is y2.
So, the GCF of 12x2y2, 18x3y2, and 30x4y4 is 6 × x2 × y2 = 6x2y2.
13
Solution follows…
Lesson
Topic
6.5.1
Guided Practice
18. b3m2cv, bm2v GCF of b3 and b is b
GCF of m2 and m2 is m2
GCF of v and v is v
GCF is bm2v
19. 2(m + 1), –3(m + 1), (m + 1)2

GCF of 2, –3 and 1 is 1
GCF of (m + 1), (m + 1) and (m + 1)2 is (m + 1)
GCF is m + 1
20. 8(v – 1)2, 4(v – 1)3, 12(v – 1)2

GCF of 8, 4 and 12 is 4
GCF of (v – 1)2, (v – 1)3 and (v – 1)2 is (v – 1)2
GCF is 4(v – 1)2
14
Solution follows…
Lesson
Topic
6.5.1
Guided Practice
21. 6x2yz, 15xz GCF of 6 and 15 is 3
GCF of x2 and x is x
GCF of z and z is z
GCF is 3xz
22. 21x4y4z4, 42x3y4z5, 14x6y3z2

GCF of 21, 42 and 14 is 7
GCF of x4, x3 and x6 is x3
GCF of y4, y4 and y3 is y3
GCF of z4, z5 and z2 is z2
GCF is 7x3y3z2
15
Solution follows…
Topic
6.5.1
Independent Practice
Write down all of the factors of each of these numbers:
1. 25 2. 12 3. 36
1, 5, 25 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
4. 67 5. 80 6. 70
1, 67 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 40, 80 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 35, 70
Write each of these as a product of prime factors:

7. 48 8. 72 9. 120
2×2×2×2×3 2×2×2×3×3 2×2×2×3×5
10. 66 11. 450 12. 800

2 × 3 × 11 2×3×3×5×5 2×2×2×2×2×5×5
16
Solution follows…
Topic
6.5.1
Write each monomial as a product of the smallest
possible factors:
13. 66z2 14. 4b3d2
2 × 3 × 11 × z × z 2×2×b×b×b×d×d
15. –102x3y 16. –98a2b

–1 × 2 × 3 × 17 × x × x × x × y –1 × 2 × 7 × 7 × a × a × b
17. 64y3z3 18. –80rs5

2×2×2×2×2×2×y×y×y×z×z×z –1 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × r × s × s × s × s × s
19. 3x2yz 20. 16pq3r3

3×x×x×y×z 2×2×2×2×p×q×q×q×r×r×r
21. –100f 2gh4

–1 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × f × f × g × h × h × h × h
17
Solution follows…
Topic
6.5.1
Write down the greatest common factor of each set of products:
22. 18, 36 23. 84, 75
18 3
24. 95, 304 25. 17a, 34a2
19 17a
26. 21p2q, 35pq2 27. 12an2, 40a4
7pq 4a
28. –60r2s2t2, 45r3t3 29. 18, 30, 54
15r2t2 6
30. 14a2b3, 20a3b2c2, 35ab3c2 31. 18x2, 30x3y2, 54y3

ab2 6
32. 14a2b2, 18ab, 2a3b3 33. 32m2n3, 8m2n, 56m3n2

2ab 8m2n 18
Solution follows…
Topic
6.5.1
34. The area of a rectangle is 116 square inches.
What are its possible whole number dimensions?
1 in. × 116 in.
2 in. × 58 in.
4 in. × 29 in.
35. The area of a rectangle is 1363 square centimeters.

If the measures of the length and width are both prime
numbers, what are the dimensions of the rectangle?
29 cm × 47 cm
19
Solution follows…
Topic
6.5.1
36. Marisela is planning to have 100 tomato plants in her
garden. In what ways can she arrange them in rows so
that she has the same number of plants in each row, at
least 5 rows of plants, and at least 5 plants in each row?
5 rows of 20, 10 rows of 10, or 20 rows of 5
37. A walkway is being paved using 2-ft-by-2-ft paving

stones. If the length of the walkway is 70 ft longer than the
width and its area is 6000 ft2, how many paving stones
make up the length and the width of the walkway?
width: 25 stones, length: 60 stones
20
Solution follows…
Topic
6.5.1
Round Up
Factoring is the best way of working out which

smaller parts make up a number or monomial.
In the next few Topics you’ll use factoring to

break down full expressions, which makes
it much easier to do tricky jobs like solving
some kinds of equations.
21

2factors of Monomials

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Factors of Monomials

California Standard: What it means for you:

In previous Topics you’ve already done lots of

But you can often make manipulations easier by breaking

In this Topic you’ll break down monomials by factoring.

Numbers Have Factors — and So Do Monomials

6 = 2 × 3 — so 2 and 3 are factors of 6

The same is true for monomials.

Unless they’re prime numbers, monomials can be written

Those smaller numbers or letters are called factors

3xy = 3 × x × y — so 3, x, and y are factors of 3xy

Write down each monomial as a product of the smallest

10. 5xy 11. 12uv 12. 20mn

The GCF is a Divisor of Each Monomial

The greatest common factor (GCF) of a set of monomials

Find the greatest common factor of 12x2y2, 18x3y2, and 30x4y4.

Find the greatest common factor of 12x2y2, 18x3y2, and 30x4y4.

The greatest common factor is the product of all the

In other words, 6x2y2 is the largest possible divisor of

14. 9ab2, 15a2b2, 12ab 9ab2 = 3 × 3 × a × b × b

17. 9x3y2, 27x2y3 9x3y2 = 3 × 3 × x × x × x × y × y

Another Way to Find the GCF of Two or More Monomials

You can also find the GCF of two or more monomials by

Find the greatest common factor of 12x2y2, 18x3y2, and 30x4y4.

The GCF of 12, 18, and 30 is 6.

The GCF of x2, x3, and x4 is x2.

The GCF of y2 and y4 is y2.

So, the GCF of 12x2y2, 18x3y2, and 30x4y4 is 6 × x2 × y2 = 6x2y2.

19. 2(m + 1), –3(m + 1), (m + 1)2

20. 8(v – 1)2, 4(v – 1)3, 12(v – 1)2

22. 21x4y4z4, 42x3y4z5, 14x6y3z2

Write each of these as a product of prime factors:

10. 66 11. 450 12. 800

15. –102x3y 16. –98a2b

17. 64y3z3 18. –80rs5

19. 3x2yz 20. 16pq3r3

21. –100f 2gh4

30. 14a2b3, 20a3b2c2, 35ab3c2 31. 18x2, 30x3y2, 54y3

32. 14a2b2, 18ab, 2a3b3 33. 32m2n3, 8m2n, 56m3n2

35. The area of a rectangle is 1363 square centimeters.

37. A walkway is being paved using 2-ft-by-2-ft paving

Factoring is the best way of working out which

In the next few Topics you’ll use factoring to

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