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    Solution:: Review in Fluid Mechanics CE Board May 1994

    Uploaded by

    trisha
    1. The document contains 5 sample problems involving calculations of hydrostatic forces on submerged structures like gates and dams. The problems require determining forces, moments, and locations of pressure centers using principles of pressure variation with depth, buoyancy, and static equilibrium. 2. Sample calculations shown involve summing pressure heads and taking moments at hinges or points of rotation to solve for unknown forces and distances. 3. Parameters like areas, moments of inertia, pressures, and forces are calculated using equations involving water depth, densities, dimensions of structures, and geometry.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Solution:: Review in Fluid Mechanics CE Board May 1994

    Uploaded by

    trisha
    76 views4 pages
    1. The document contains 5 sample problems involving calculations of hydrostatic forces on submerged structures like gates and dams. The problems require determining forces, moments, and locations of pressure centers using principles of pressure variation with depth, buoyancy, and static equilibrium. 2. Sample calculations shown involve summing pressure heads and taking moments at hinges or points of rotation to solve for unknown forces and distances. 3. Parameters like areas, moments of inertia, pressures, and forces are calculated using equations involving water depth, densities, dimensions of structures, and geometry.

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    1. The document contains 5 sample problems involving calculations of hydrostatic forces on submerged structures like gates and dams. The problems require determining forces, moments, and locations of pressure centers using principles of pressure variation with depth, buoyancy, and static equilibrium. 2. Sample calculations shown involve summing pressure heads and taking moments at hinges or points of rotation to solve for unknown forces and distances. 3. Parameters like areas, moments of inertia, pressures, and forces are calculated using equations involving water depth, densities, dimensions of structures, and geometry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    76 views4 pages

    Solution:: Review in Fluid Mechanics CE Board May 1994

    Uploaded by

    trisha
    1. The document contains 5 sample problems involving calculations of hydrostatic forces on submerged structures like gates and dams. The problems require determining forces, moments, and locations of pressure centers using principles of pressure variation with depth, buoyancy, and static equilibrium. 2. Sample calculations shown involve summing pressure heads and taking moments at hinges or points of rotation to solve for unknown forces and distances. 3. Parameters like areas, moments of inertia, pressures, and forces are calculated using equations involving water depth, densities, dimensions of structures, and geometry.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    REVIEW IN FLUID MECHANICS

    CE board May 1994


    Assuming specific weight of air to be at constant at 12 N/m 3. What is the approximate height of
    Mount Banahaw if a mercury barometer at the base of the mountain reads 654mm and at the
    same instant, another barometer at the top of the mountain reads 480mm?
    Solution:
    Pressure at the top of the mountain
    Ptop = whg x hbarometer rdg at the top of the mountain
    = (9810N/m3 x 13.6)(0.48m)
    = 64039.68 Pa
    Pressure at the base of the mountain
    Pbase = whg x hbarometer rdg at the base
    = (9810N/m3 x 13.6)(0.654m)
    = 87254.06 Pa
    Pbase - Ptop = (wair) (hmountain)
    87254.06 Pa - 64039.68 Pa = 12N/m3(hmountain)
    hm = 1934.53m
    CE Board November 2000
    For the tank shown in the figure, h1=3m and h3=4m. Determine the value of h2.

    Solution:
    Note that the pressure at the liquid surface expose to atmosphere is zero. By summing up the pressure
    heads, we have
    𝑃2 𝑃1
    + 4 − 3 − ℎ2 (0.80) =
    𝑤 𝑤
    P1 and P2 are zero, because they are both exposed to atmosphere
    0 + 4 − 3 − ℎ2 (0.80) = 0
    𝒉𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓𝒎

    CE BOARD MAY 1993


    In the figure shown, when the funnel is empty, the water surface is at level A and the mercury
    (s=13.6) shows a deflection of 15cm. Determine the new deflection of mercury when the funnel
    is filled with water up to level B.

    Solution:
    When the water is at level A (Figure A), adding the pressure heads
    0 + y – 0.15(13.6) = 0 y=2.04m
    When the water increases up to level B, the water will push the mercury downward by distance
    x, as a result the mercury will rise by distance x on the other part of the tube, therefore the new
    deflection of mercury will be 0.15+2x (refer on Figure B). By summing up the pressure heads,
    this will lead to
    0 + 0.80 + 2.04 + x – x(13.6) – 0.15(13.6) – x(13.6) = 0
    x = 0.03m
    Therefore new deflection = 0.21m or 21cm
    SAMPLE PROBLEMS
    1. A vertical rectangular gate 2m wide and 3m
    high is submerged in water with its top edge
    2.4m below the water surface. Find the total
    pressure acting on one side of the gate and
    its location from the water surface.
    Solution:

    𝐹 = 𝑤ℎ̅𝐴 = 9.81(3.9)(2𝑥3) = 𝟐𝟐𝟗. 𝟓𝟓𝑲𝑵 (answer)

    𝐼𝑔
    𝑒= ℎ̅ = 𝑦̅ = 3.9𝑚
    𝐴𝑦̅
    𝑏ℎ3 2(3)3
    𝐼𝑔 = = = 4.5𝑚4
    12 12
    4.5
    𝑒= = 0.19𝑚
    6(3.9)
    ℎ𝑝 = 3.9 + 0.19 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟗𝒎 (answer)
    2. A rectangular gate 2.4m wide and 3.6mhigh is inclined at 600 with respect to horizontal. It is
    attached to a hinged support on top of the gate. The water stands 2m above the top of the
    gate. What force P is required acting horizontally at the bottom of the gate to maintain
    equilibrium.
    Solution:

    b=2.4m h=3.6m
    A = 2.4(3.6) = 8.64m2
    Using the triangle above:
    𝑥
    sin 600 = 1.8 𝑥 =1.56m

    ̅
    ℎ
    ℎ̅ = 1.56𝑚 + 2𝑚 = 3.56𝑚 sin 600 = 𝑦̅ 𝑦̅ =4.11m
    3 3 𝐼𝑔
    𝑏ℎ 2.4(3.6) 9.33
    𝐼𝑔 = = = 9.33𝑚4 𝑒= =
    12 12 𝐴𝑦
    ̅ 8.64(4.11)
    = 0.26𝑚
    𝐹 = 𝑤ℎ̅𝐴 = 9.81(3.56)(8.64) = 301.74𝐾𝑁 By taking summation of moments at hinged:
    F (0.26+1.8) = P(2)(1.56)
    301.74 2.06) = P(3.12) P=199.23KN (answer)
    3. A vertical gate 2.6m wide and 4.8m high is subjected to hydrostatic forces on both sides.
    The gate is supported by hinged on the top of the gate. Water stands 2.2m above the
    hinged on the right side and 1.2m below the hinged on the left side. A wooden stopper is
    placed at the bottom of the gate to prevent it from opening. Calculate the stress acting on
    the wooden stopper if it has a sectional area of 0.01m 2.
    Solution:

    A1 = 2.6(4.8) = 12.48m2

    ℎ̅1 = 2.2 + 2.4 = 4.6𝑚

    A2 = 2.6(3.6) = 9.36m2

    ℎ̅2 = 1.8𝑚

    F1 = (9.81)(4.6)(12.48)

    F1 = 563.17kN F2 = (9.81)(1.8)(9.36) = 165.28 kN

    𝑏ℎ3 2.6(4.8)3 𝑏ℎ3 2.6(3.6)3


    𝐼𝑔1 = = = 23.96𝑚4 𝐼𝑔2 = = = 10.11𝑚4
    12 12 12 12
    𝐼𝑔1 23.96 𝐼𝑔2 10.11
    𝑒1 = = = 0.42𝑚 𝑒2 = = = 0.60𝑚
    𝐴1 𝑦
    ̅ 1 12.48(4.6) 𝐴2 𝑦
    ̅ 2 9.36(1.8)

    By taking summation of moments at hinged:

    F1(1.2+1.8+0.60) + Fstopper(4.8)=F2(2.4+0.42)

    165.28(3.29) + Fstopper(4.8)=563.17(2.82) Fstopper=206.90 KN

    Stress on the stopper P = Fstopper / Area of stopper

    Stress on the stopper P = 206.90KN / 0.01m2 = 20690 KPa

    4. The submerged curve gate BC as shown in the figure is a quarter of a circular gate of
    radius 3.0m. The length of the gate perpendicular to the drawing is 4m. Find the
    magnitude horizontal and vertical components of the total force acting on the gate and
    their location from the hinged.

    Solution:

    Fh = (9.81KN/m3)( 2m +1.5m)(12m2) = 412.02KN

    Fv = wV = 9.81KN/m3 [(2m x 3m) + (1/4)(π)(3)2] 4m = 512.81KN

    For their location from hinged: (distance y and x respectively)

    𝑏ℎ3 4(3)3 𝐼𝑔 9
    y= 1.5 + e 𝐼𝑔 = = = 9𝑚4 𝑒 = 𝐴𝑦̅ = 12(3.5) = 0.21𝑚
    12 12
    y = 1.5 + 0.21 = 1.71m

    By taking summation of moment at the hinged:

    412.02 (1.71) = 512.81 (x) x = 1.37m

    5. A crest gate BC as shown below is a part of a circle of radius 3.6m and subtended 60 º
    from the hinged at point D. If the width of the gate is 2.4m, determine the following .
    a) The magnitude of the horizontal hydrostatic force FH in kN
    b) The magnitude of the vertical hydrostatic force Fv in kN
    c) The location of Fh from the hinged in meters
    d) The location of Fv from the hinged in meters.

    Solution:

    Sin 600 = h / 3.6 h = 3.12m

    Cos 600 = DE / 3.6 DE = 1.8m BE = 3.6 – 1.8 = 1.8m

    Fh = (9.81KN/m3) (1.56m)(3.12m x 2.4m) = 114.59KN

    ABCE = ASECTOR BDC - A▲CED

    600 1
    ABCE = (𝜋)(3.6)2 − (3.12)(1.8) = 3.98𝑚2
    3600 2

    AACB = AABEC - ABCE

    AACB = 3.12m (1.8m) – 3.98m2 = 1.64m2

    Fv = wV = w (AACB) 2.4m

    Fv = 9.81KN/m3 (1.64m2) 2.4m

    Fv = 38.61KN

    𝑏ℎ3 2.4(3.12)3 𝐼𝑔 6.07


    𝐼𝑔 = = = 6.07𝑚4 𝑒= = = 0.52𝑚
    12 12 𝐴𝑦
    ̅ (3.12𝑥2.4)(1.56)

    y = 1.56m – 0.52m

    y = 1.04m

    By taking summation of moment at the hinged:

    Fh (y) = Fv (x)

    114.59KN (1.04m) = 38.61KN (x)

    x = 3.09m

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