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    NOTES (2023-2024) Subject: PHYSICS Class: XII Experiment No.1: Ohm'S Law

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    Michael Ibrahim
    The document describes Experiment No. 1 on Ohm's Law. The aim is to determine the resistivity of wires by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current. The theory outlines Ohm's Law, which states that current is directly proportional to potential difference. A linear relationship is obtained when plotting V and I, with the slope equal to 1/R. The procedure describes setting up the circuit and taking measurements at different rheostat settings to collect data points. The results will be the resistivity of the given wires, calculated from the graph slope and wire dimensions based on Ohm's Law equations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    NOTES (2023-2024) Subject: PHYSICS Class: XII Experiment No.1: Ohm'S Law

    Uploaded by

    Michael Ibrahim
    39 views5 pages
    The document describes Experiment No. 1 on Ohm's Law. The aim is to determine the resistivity of wires by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current. The theory outlines Ohm's Law, which states that current is directly proportional to potential difference. A linear relationship is obtained when plotting V and I, with the slope equal to 1/R. The procedure describes setting up the circuit and taking measurements at different rheostat settings to collect data points. The results will be the resistivity of the given wires, calculated from the graph slope and wire dimensions based on Ohm's Law equations.

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    47102

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    The document describes Experiment No. 1 on Ohm's Law. The aim is to determine the resistivity of wires by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current. The theory outlines Ohm's Law, which states that current is directly proportional to potential difference. A linear relationship is obtained when plotting V and I, with the slope equal to 1/R. The procedure describes setting up the circuit and taking measurements at different rheostat settings to collect data points. The results will be the resistivity of the given wires, calculated from the graph slope and wire dimensions based on Ohm's Law equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    39 views5 pages

    NOTES (2023-2024) Subject: PHYSICS Class: XII Experiment No.1: Ohm'S Law

    Uploaded by

    Michael Ibrahim
    The document describes Experiment No. 1 on Ohm's Law. The aim is to determine the resistivity of wires by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current. The theory outlines Ohm's Law, which states that current is directly proportional to potential difference. A linear relationship is obtained when plotting V and I, with the slope equal to 1/R. The procedure describes setting up the circuit and taking measurements at different rheostat settings to collect data points. The results will be the resistivity of the given wires, calculated from the graph slope and wire dimensions based on Ohm's Law equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    NOTES (2023-2024)

    Subject: PHYSICS Class: XII


    EXPERIMENT NO.1: OHM’S LAW

    Aim:
    To determine resistivity of two / three wires by plotting a graph for potential difference versus
    current.

    Materials Required:
    A wire of unknown resistance (~10Ω), battery eliminator or an accumulator (0 to 3V) or two
    dry cells (1.5 V each), voltmeter (0-5 V), ammeter (0 – 500 mA), rheostat, plug key, screw
    gauge, connecting wires and a piece of sand paper.

    Theory
    Ohm's law states that the electric current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional
    to the potential difference across its ends, provided the physical state of the conductor
    remains unchanged. If I be the current flowing through the conductor and V the potential
    difference across its ends, then according to Ohm's law

    V∝ I

    and hence V = RI

    where R is the constant of proportionality and is termed as the electrical resistance of the
    conductor. If V is expressed in volts and I in amperes, then R is expressed in ohms. The
    resistance R, depends upon the material and dimensions of the conductor.

    A linear relationship is obtained between V and I, i.e. the graph between V and I will be a
    straight line passing through the origin. The slope of the graph is 1/R (Equation of straight
    line passing through origin is y = mx where m is the slope of graph).

    Slope = 1/ R

    ⇒R = 1/ slope.

    If l is the length of wire then the resistance per unit length of the wire =R/ l.
    Then the specific resistance of the material of the wire is calculated as:
    π r2
    ρ= X
    L
    Where,

     L is the length of the wire


     r is the radius of the wire

    Procedure
    1. Clean the ends of the connecting wires with the help of sand paper in order to remove any
    insulating coating on them.

    2. Connect various components - resistance, rheostat, battery, key, voltmeter and ammeter
    as shown in circuit diagram.

    3. Note down the zero error in ammeter and voltmeter

    4. Note the range and least count of the given voltmeter and ammeter.

    5. Insert the key K and slide the rheostat contact to one of its extreme ends, so that current
    passing through the resistance wire is minimum.

    6. Note the ammeter and voltmeter readings.

    7. Remove the key K and allow the wire to cool, if heated. Again insert the key. Shift the
    rheostat contact slightly to increase the applied voltage. Note the ammeter and voltmeter
    reading.

    8. Repeat step 7 for five different settings of the rheostat. Record your observations in a
    tabular form.

    Result

    1. The resistivity of the given wire 1=

    2. The resistivity of the given wire 2=

    Precautions
    1. The voltmeter should be connected in parallel and the ammeter in series with the circuit. It
    should be ensured that current enters at the positive terminal and leaves at the negative
    terminal.

    2. The key should be inserted only while taking observations, as excessive flow of current
    causes unnecessary heating of the wire.

    3. Zero error in measuring instruments (voltmeter, ammeter, metre scale) must be taken
    cognizance of and should be eliminated in case of ammeter and voltmeter by adjusting the
    pointer with the help of the screw provided at the base of the needle, using a screw driver.

    Sources of Error
    1. The wire used may not be of uniform area of cross-section.

    2. The length of the resistance wire measured should be between one terminal of voltmeter
    and the other. The lengths of ends wound around the terminals of voltmeter, if included,
    would give error in measured length.

    Circuit diagram:

    Observations
    1. Range of ammeter = 0 ... A to ...A
    2. Least count of ammeter = ... A
    3. Range of voltmeter = 0 ... V to ...V
    4. Least count of voltmeter = ...V
    5. Least count of metre scale = ... m
    6. Length of the given wire, l = ...m
    Sl. NO Voltmeter Ammeter Resistance
    reading
    Reading R=V/I
    V in volt
    I in ampere. ()
    Mean R=

    Calculations
    By Calculations: Mean R=

    Resistance per unit length of the wire=R/l=

    From graph:
    Slope=

    R=1/slope=

    Resistance per unit length of the wire=

    Graph:

    *********************************************************************************************************

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