Hatim Kareem Nimer

Report score10/21
Dr. Ahmed H. Kaleel

AhmedHkaleel
University of Baghdad
College of Engineering
Energy Department
Third Stage
Report of Mechanical Equipment and system
‘’ Falling Sphere Viscometer ‘’
Written by: Hatim Kareem Nimer
1
Introduction:
Viscosity Is the resistance of a fluid (liquid

or gas) to change its shape, or the movement of
adjacent parts relative to each other, as the
viscosity of a substance indicates the resistance of
the flow, and the opposite of the concept of
viscosity is liquidity and is a measure of ease of
flow, for example; Jams have more viscosity than
water.
The viscosity of the material can be considered as an internal friction between

the particles, and this friction resists the difference in velocity within the liquid, as the
viscosity is an important factor in determining the forces that must be overcome
when using a liquid for oiling or transporting it in the pipelines as it controls the flow
of the liquid in some operations such as Spray, fill or fill molds and paint surfaces.
For many liquids, the pressure obtained or caused by contact with the
medium or any procedure to cut or distort the shape of the liquid will cause a flow or
local flow of its material, which is proportional to the action caused by the friction or
the distortion forces that produced it, in other words the shear pressure or Distortion
divided by the rate of deformation or change is constant for a particular fluid at a
constant temperature, and this constant is called dynamic or absolute viscosity.
Fluids that act in this way are called Newtonian fluids in honor of the scientist Isaac
Newton who was the first to formulate this mathematical characterization of the
wife.
2
Ways of measuring viscosity:
 Falling ball viscometer:
This measurement method is based on Stokes' law . The fluid whose viscosity is to be
determined shall be placed in a measuring cylinder of known radius . If the Hobbler
type viscometer is used by the falling ball, a ball with a known radius will fall into the
liquid. The velocity of the ball’s fall into the liquid is affected by a balance that occurs
between the force of gravity that pulls it down and the force of friction between the
ball and the liquid, so the continuation of the ball’s fall into the liquid has a uniform
speed v until the bottom of the cylinder. R> r
According to the Stokes Act, the dynamic viscosity of a liquid :
Where:
The density of the ball
: Liquid density
v: The velocity of the ball in the liquid
g = 9.81 Gravitational wheel
By setting these values from the experiment, the viscosity of the

liquid can be calculated . ղ
3
 Viscometer for capillary tube:
The idea of measuring in this way is the passage of the fluid whose viscosity is
intended to be set into a thin tube. A specific volume of V is used and the fluid is left
passing under constant pressure p through the capillary tube l in length and radius r
and the time t is determined by the fluid passing through the tube. With this, the
kinematic viscosity of a liquid can be determined as the product of time times in
seconds in the capillary tube constant.
Of this kind of viscometer there is an "Ostwald scale" and "Obelude scale" or "Canon-
Vinceca capillary tube".
According to the law Häagen-Poiseuille suit viscosity Elkinmatah positive correlation

with the time of entry into force t:
V=K.t
Where: K is the capillary tube constant and depends on the structure of the
viscometer used; When purchasing a viscometer with a capillary tube, the factory
gives the value K. Here we give examples:
Fluid flow time; 45 seconds , K = 0.022
Fluid flow time; 85 seconds, K = 0,011
Fluid flow time; 125 seconds, K = 0,008.
If we want to calculate the dynamic viscosity, it is equal to:
= ρ .v → η = ρ . t .k
η: Dynamic viscosity, in Pascal* second
ρ : Density
V : Kinematic viscosity, in square meters / second
4
Capillary viscometer should not be confused with capillary scale with a high pressure
rometer, which is used to determine the rheological properties of highly viscous
materials.
A clarification of the curve shows the effect of temperature on a couple
Benefits of measuring viscosity of liquids:
1. Determining the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids helps simulate treatment

and application conditions.
2. In viscous fingerprints of materials to determine the extent of semi-solid or
semi-liquid behavior.
3. Improve and evaluate the stability of dissipation.
4. Determination of the flow of paints.
5. In the food and personal care products industry, in terms of pumping and
expansion operations.
6. Pre-formation examination for therapeutic substances, especially biological
pharmaceutical preparations. (Salama, 2020)
5
References:
1. Salama, R. (2020, 4 4). What is the viscosity. Retrieved from arageek:

https://www.arageek.com/l/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%8A-
%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9
2. ^ HugeDomains.com - RheoteK.COM Is For Sale (Rheote K) version reserved .

April 17 2016 site Wai Pak disgraceful .

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Report score10/21

Dr. Ahmed H. Kaleel

Report of Mechanical Equipment and system

‘’ Falling Sphere Viscometer ‘’

Written by: Hatim Kareem Nimer

Viscosity Is the resistance of a fluid (liquid

The viscosity of the material can be considered as an internal friction between

 Falling ball viscometer:

According to the Stokes Act, the dynamic viscosity of a liquid :

The density of the ball

v: The velocity of the ball in the liquid

g = 9.81 Gravitational wheel

By setting these values from the experiment, the viscosity of the

According to the law Häagen-Poiseuille suit viscosity Elkinmatah positive correlation

Fluid flow time; 45 seconds , K = 0.022

Fluid flow time; 85 seconds, K = 0,011

Fluid flow time; 125 seconds, K = 0,008.

If we want to calculate the dynamic viscosity, it is equal to:

η: Dynamic viscosity, in Pascal* second

V : Kinematic viscosity, in square meters / second

A clarification of the curve shows the effect of temperature on a couple

Benefits of measuring viscosity of liquids:

1. Determining the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids helps simulate treatment

1. Salama, R. (2020, 4 4). What is the viscosity. Retrieved from arageek:

2. ^ HugeDomains.com - RheoteK.COM Is For Sale (Rheote K) version reserved .

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